考研英語(yǔ)作文

PAGEPAGE166考研英語(yǔ)作文1、身體健康類（1）1997年真題。Directions:Studythefollowingsetofpicturescarefullyandwriteanessayinnolessthan120words.YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.Youressayshouldcoveralltheinformationprovidedandmeettherequirementsbelow:1.Interpretthefollowingpictures.2.Predictthetendencyoftobaccoconsumptionandgiveyourreasons.真題分析：這是典型的圖表+提綱式的命題，題目中提供的材料十分豐富，包括柱狀圖、餅狀圖以及其他相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)。組圖充分反映了當(dāng)代煙草消費(fèi)的規(guī)模、危害和趨勢(shì)，是人們普遍關(guān)心的熱點(diǎn)話題之一。通過(guò)對(duì)組圖的分析，我們可以看出煙草在全世界有著十分龐大的消費(fèi)群體規(guī)模，每年因?yàn)闊煵菹M(fèi)消耗的資金數(shù)額大得驚人，同時(shí)也有數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的人由于煙草消費(fèi)而被奪去了生命。當(dāng)然，我們從圖中也可以發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)令人欣喜的趨勢(shì)，那就是煙草的總產(chǎn)量在近幾年呈下降的態(tài)勢(shì)，一定程度上說(shuō)明了煙草消費(fèi)引起的健康問(wèn)題開(kāi)始得到了人們的重視，并出現(xiàn)了相關(guān)的解決措施。本題的難點(diǎn)在于圖表給的信息量太大，考生如何最恰當(dāng)?shù)卦谌闹惺褂脭?shù)據(jù)將決定文章的質(zhì)量。如果一味將所有數(shù)據(jù)都堆在第一段，會(huì)造成第一段過(guò)于冗長(zhǎng)，全文頭重腳輕。在下面的范文中，圖表數(shù)字得到了靈活的運(yùn)用，比較得體。比如文章在一開(kāi)始先用煙民人數(shù)占全世界人數(shù)的比例來(lái)說(shuō)明了煙草消費(fèi)的巨大規(guī)模，然后又通過(guò)該行業(yè)消耗的人民財(cái)產(chǎn)和生命進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明產(chǎn)業(yè)之大、對(duì)人類危害之重。而至于第一幅圖中關(guān)于煙草產(chǎn)量的數(shù)字則被用到了第二段中來(lái)說(shuō)明未來(lái)的趨勢(shì)，非常得體、恰當(dāng)。思路拓展：近年來(lái)國(guó)人越來(lái)越關(guān)注健康問(wèn)題，隨著2008年北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)的即將到來(lái)，在中國(guó)更是掀起了全民健身的熱潮。因此健康問(wèn)題將是中國(guó)社會(huì)的一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題，考生應(yīng)該在這方面積累素材、有所準(zhǔn)備。相關(guān)話題可以引申到知識(shí)分子的身體健康問(wèn)題、全民健身熱潮、健康意識(shí)、鍛煉身體的習(xí)慣、健康與安全等等，這些都是平時(shí)經(jīng)?？梢杂龅降囊恍┰掝}。范文：Tobaccoisoneofthecommoditiesthatareconsumedinanimmenseamountworldwide.Fromthepictures,wecanlearnthattheglobalsmokingpopulationamountsto1.1billion,approximately20%ofalltheworlds’residents.200billiondollarsarespentannuallyinordertopurchasetobaccoandrelevantproducts,whichfurtherstimulatethebusiness’flourishingdevelopment.Meanwhile,theharmcausedbytobaccoconsumptionisexperiencingasimilarupwardtrend—statisticsindicatesthat3,000,000peopledieofsmokingandrelateddiseaseseveryyear.Nevertheless,giventhepessimisticstatisticsatthepresent,wecanstillpredictoptimisticallythattobaccoconsumptionwilldeclinebasedonseveralnewtendenciesthatareemerging.Inthefirstplace,thereisanextensivepublicawarenessofthenegativeimpactofsmoking,andasaresult,morepeopleresistthetempetationofcigarettes.Inthesecondplace,governmentsaresettingmoreregulationstolimittobaccoproduction.Theeffectivenessofsuchapolicywastestifiedbythepromptdropofthetobaccoproductionfrom14.364billionin1994poundsto14.2billionpoundsin1995asseeninthepicture.Inshort,Ifirmlybelievethat,withtheeffortsofthewholesociety,wecanlaunchmoremovementstorealizeacleanerworldwithlesssmoking.譯文：煙草是一種在全世界有著巨大消費(fèi)量的商品。從圖中我們可以看出，全世界的煙民已經(jīng)到達(dá)了11億，約占全世界總?cè)丝诘?0%。人們每年花在購(gòu)買煙草以及相關(guān)產(chǎn)品的費(fèi)用就達(dá)20億美元，進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)了煙草業(yè)的繁榮。同時(shí)，煙草消費(fèi)帶來(lái)的危害也日益增長(zhǎng)——統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)顯示每年有300萬(wàn)人死于由抽煙引起的相關(guān)疾病。盡管目前的數(shù)據(jù)非常悲觀，但是從一些新的趨勢(shì)中，我們可以樂(lè)觀地預(yù)測(cè)煙草消費(fèi)將會(huì)有所下降。首先，公眾普遍意識(shí)到了抽煙的負(fù)面效應(yīng)，因此，越來(lái)越多的人拒絕煙癮。其次，各國(guó)政府正在制定各項(xiàng)措施限制煙草的生產(chǎn)。圖中顯示煙草生產(chǎn)從1994年的143.64億磅下降到了1995年的14.2億磅，這就證明了政府措施的有效性?？偠灾覉?jiān)信在全社會(huì)的努力下，我們可以發(fā)起更多的運(yùn)動(dòng)，來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)更干凈的無(wú)煙世界。閃光詞匯及詞組：inanimmenseamount:以極大的數(shù)量amountto:達(dá)到，總計(jì)approximately:adv.大約，近似annually:adv.年度地，每年一次purchase:v./n.采購(gòu)，購(gòu)買flourishing:adj.繁榮的，欣欣向榮的decline:下降、衰落emerge:v.出現(xiàn)，浮出temptation:n.誘惑testify:v.測(cè)試launch:v.發(fā)行，發(fā)起，投入萬(wàn)能句型：Fromthepictures,wecanlearnthat…Nevertheless,giventhepessimisticstatisticsatthepresent,wecanstillpredictoptimisticallythatInthefirstplace…Inthesecondplace…Inshort,Ifirmlybelievethat(2)Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould:1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen3)stateyourpointofview.YoushouldwriteonANSWERSHEET2.知識(shí)分子健康差壽命短范文：ThepicturedepictsatypicalChinesescholarwhokeepsworkinglateatnight,whilethepresenceofhiswifeandchildbehindclearlyindicatestheman’spressureofsupportingawholefamily.Whatisstrikinglynoticeableisthescholar’sexceptionalskinniness,butitcanbeeasilyexplainedbythesimplefood,bottlesofmedicine,andpoorworkingenvironmentshowninthepicture.Thediscernableunhealthinessofthishard-workingscholardisclosesaprevalentphenomenonthathaslongexistedinChina’sacademia.Intellectualsarenothighlyrespectedandtheyenjoyunsatisfactorymaterialbenefitswithparticularlyunattractivesalariesduetolowsocialposition.Inaddition,family,social,andacademicstressesaresoimmenselyexertedonintellectualsthattheyareforcedtoworkdiligentlyandceaselessly.Asaresult,theintegrationofpoorlivingconditionsandworkpressureleadsnaturallytotheirpoorhealthandshortlife-span,justasthepictureshowsus.Thesituationisratherdepressingbecauseintellectualsinfactcontributegreatlytoourcountry’sdevelopment,anditislargelyowingtotheirpainstakingeffortsthatpavethewayforadvancementandprosperity.Tosolvethisproblem,Ithinkthereshouldbeathrivingsocialtrendofshowingrespecttoknowledgeandintellects,andthosewhoendeavortoexplorenewknowledgeshouldberewardedwithgoodlivingandworkingconditions.譯文：這幅圖刻畫了一個(gè)典型的中國(guó)知識(shí)分子的形象，他一直工作到深夜，背后的妻子和孩子顯示了他有著很大的養(yǎng)家的壓力。值得我們注意的是這個(gè)學(xué)者格外削瘦，但這很容易通過(guò)圖中簡(jiǎn)單的食物、藥罐以及較差的工作環(huán)境得到解釋。這個(gè)勤奮學(xué)者的不健康狀況顯示出中國(guó)學(xué)術(shù)界一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期存在的現(xiàn)象。一方面，知識(shí)分子沒(méi)有受到尊重，他們享受的物質(zhì)條件也非常差，尤其是由于他們的社會(huì)地位很低，他們的工資也相應(yīng)地非常少。另一方面，知識(shí)分子們承擔(dān)著巨大的家庭、社會(huì)和學(xué)術(shù)壓力，導(dǎo)致他們被迫非常勤奮地不停地工作。因此，惡劣的生活條件和巨大的工作壓力自然導(dǎo)致他們較差的健康和較短的壽命，正如圖中告訴我們的那樣。這種情況非常令人失望，因?yàn)橹R(shí)分子實(shí)際上對(duì)我們國(guó)家的發(fā)展做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)，而且正是因?yàn)樗麄兊牟恍概σ蛄宋覈?guó)的發(fā)達(dá)和繁榮。為了解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題，我認(rèn)為全社會(huì)要掀起尊重知識(shí)、尊重知識(shí)分子的高潮，而那些辛勤地探索新知識(shí)的人們應(yīng)該得到較好的工作和生活環(huán)境等回報(bào)。閃光詞匯及詞組：exceptional:adj.例外的，特別的skinniness:n.消瘦discernable:adj.可觀察到的，可辨別的disclose:v.揭露，透露prevalent:n.普遍的，流行的academia:n.學(xué)術(shù)界immensely:adv.非常，廣大的，巨大的diligently:adv勤勉地life-span:n.壽命painstaking:adj.努力的pavethewayto:為……鋪平道路，為……做好準(zhǔn)備endeavor:v.努力，盡力萬(wàn)能句型：Thepicturedepicts…Whatisstrikinglynoticeableis…Thesituationisratherdepressingbecause…Tosolvetheproblem,Ithinkthereshouldbe……itislargelyowingto…(3)Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould:1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen3)stateyourpointofview.YoushouldwriteonANSWERSHEET2.范文：Thepicturedepictsamanwhoishappilysingingandwalkinghomewithhiscutedog.Heiscomingbackfromworkcarryinghisbriefcase,andhemusthavestoppedbythemarketonhisway,buyingvegetablesandfish.Asissuggestedbythepicture,heisexercisingbywavingthebriefcaseandbaskettogether.Thepictureisthought-provokinginthatitendeavorstoconvinceitsaudiencethatwecanactuallyexerciseanywhere,aslongaswehavetheawarenessofpreservinghealthbyexercise.Nowadaysalargenumberofpeopleengageinbrainwork,andlackadequatephysicalmovement.Moreover,manyofthemholdthisdeep-rootedviewthatinordertoexercisetheymustsqueezetimefromtheirfullscheduletogotoagym.Thereforetheytendnottoexercisesimplyduetotheirscantytime.However,thefactisthatitisquiteeasyforeverybodytoexercisewhilewalkingonstreets,travelingonbuses,andevenlyingonbed—say,doingyoga.Ireckonthattheconsciousnessofmaintaininghealthissignificantforbothindividualsandthewholesociety.Ontheindividuallevel,itisvividlyevidencedbythemaninthepicturethathisexerciseimproveshishealthandmoodaswell.Onthesociallevel,theimprovementinqualityoflifecontributesvastlytoaharmonioussociety.譯文：這幅圖描繪了一個(gè)男人高興地一邊唱著歌一邊和他那可愛(ài)的小狗一起走回家。很顯然他領(lǐng)著公文包下班回來(lái)，而且順路去市場(chǎng)買了一些蔬菜和魚。圖中畫出了他揮動(dòng)著分別拎著公文包和菜籃的雙手在做運(yùn)動(dòng)。這幅圖非常發(fā)人深思，它使人們相信我們其實(shí)可以在任何地方運(yùn)動(dòng)，只要我們有通過(guò)運(yùn)動(dòng)來(lái)保持健康的意識(shí)。當(dāng)今時(shí)代有很多人都從事腦力勞動(dòng)，因而缺乏足夠的身體運(yùn)動(dòng)。此外，很多人都有一種非常根深蒂固的想法，即為了鍛煉身體我們必須要從滿滿當(dāng)當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)間表中抽出一點(diǎn)時(shí)間去健身房鍛煉。因此他們都會(huì)因?yàn)闀r(shí)間不夠而逃避鍛煉。但是，實(shí)際上每個(gè)人都可以非常容易地通過(guò)在街上走路、坐公交車、甚至是在床上進(jìn)行鍛煉，比如說(shuō)做瑜伽。我認(rèn)為保持健康的意識(shí)對(duì)于個(gè)人和整個(gè)社會(huì)都十分重要。對(duì)于個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)，這幅圖上的男人生動(dòng)地證明了通過(guò)鍛煉身體，既能促進(jìn)健康又能改善心情。對(duì)于社會(huì)來(lái)說(shuō)，人口生活質(zhì)量的改進(jìn)會(huì)對(duì)和諧社會(huì)做出巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。閃光詞匯及詞組：cute:adj.可愛(ài)的stopby:順便經(jīng)過(guò)aslongas:只要preserve:v.保持engagein:使從事于,參加brainwork:n.腦力勞動(dòng)adequate:adj.足夠的deep-rooted:adj.根深蒂固的squeeze:v.擠出scanty:adj.缺乏的，不足的yoga:n.瑜伽reckon:v.認(rèn)為，估計(jì)evidence:v.表明,證明;顯示utilize:v.利用萬(wàn)能句型：Asissuggestedbythepicture…Thepictureisthought-provokinginthatitendeavorstoconvinceitsaudiencethat…Ireckonthat…Ontheindividuallevel…Onthesociallevel…(4)Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould:1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen3)stateyourpointofview.YoushouldwriteonANSWERSHEET2.范文：Thecartoonfeaturesamanwholooksfat,wealthyandgreedyforfood.Heisinsatiablydevouringatableofdeliciousfood,whilewearesurprisedtofindthatthewaiterisservinghimwithevenmoredishes.Wecannothelpworryingwhetherthisman’sstomachcanbearsoheavyaloadallofasudden.Asthecaptionpointsout,excessiveloveforfoodexertsnegativeinfluencesonhealth.Wheneverinfrontofdishesofsuperbtaste,weneedtokeepinmindthatacertainamountoffoodisenoughtosustainus.Equally,thesametruthappliestoabunchofourotherhabits.Inotherwords,itisamusttolimitanyhobby,orelseitmayleadtodisaster.Anothertypicalexamplewouldbemanyfolks’devotionforcomputergames.Playingcomputergamesnowandthenisaninterestingentertainment,butanaddictiontothemwouldsurelydetachpeoplefromtheirtimecommitmenttonormalworkandstudy.Asaresult,Ibelievethatlimitationplaysadecisiveroleinmaintaininghealthyhabitsinoureverydaylife.Moreover,weshouldlearntocontrolourdesiresandsometimesgreed.Properlimitationalwaysleadstoasoundandjoviallife.譯文：這幅圖刻畫了一個(gè)看起來(lái)很胖、很富有也很貪吃的男人。他正在毫不知足地吞吃著一桌的美食，而我們驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)服務(wù)員正在上更多的菜。但是，我們不禁擔(dān)心他的胃是否能夠一下子承擔(dān)如此多的負(fù)擔(dān)。正如標(biāo)題所提示的那樣，貪吃對(duì)于人們的健康只會(huì)產(chǎn)生負(fù)面效應(yīng)。當(dāng)我們面對(duì)一桌美味佳肴的時(shí)候，我們必須要謹(jǐn)記我們只需要一部分食物就足夠生活了。同樣，這個(gè)道理也適用于其他的生活習(xí)慣。也就是說(shuō)，喜愛(ài)任何事物都必須要有一個(gè)“度”。否則就有可能導(dǎo)致悲劇。另一個(gè)典型例子就是很多人沉迷于電子游戲。偶爾玩一下電子游戲是一種非常好的娛樂(lè)方式，但是一旦上癮就會(huì)影響人們正常的學(xué)習(xí)和工作的時(shí)間投入。因此，我認(rèn)為掌握好“度”對(duì)于保持我們?cè)谌粘Ｉ钪薪】档牧?xí)慣起著關(guān)鍵性的作用。此外，我們應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)控制我們的欲望甚至貪婪。合適的“度”才能讓我們有一個(gè)健康、快樂(lè)和完整的生活。閃光詞匯及詞組：insatiably:adj.不知足地，貪得無(wú)厭地devour:v.吞吃superb:adj.極好的keepinmind:記住orelse:否則folk:n.人們commitment:n.許諾greed:n,貪婪jovial:adj.快活的，高興的萬(wàn)能句型：Thecartoonfeatures……whilewearesurprisedtofindthat…Wecannothelpworryingabout…Asthecaptionpointsout…(5)Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould:1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen3)stateyourpointofview.YoushouldwriteonANSWERSHEET2.范文：Thedrawingshowsamanwhodepositsasmallamountofmoneyintothebankandthatturnsouttobesomefortunewhenhetakesawaythemoneylater.Onemightthinkitisabankadvertisement,butinfact,asthesubtitlesuggests,itisapromotionthatencouragesallpeopletoformthehabitofexercising.Theartistusesthisuniquemetaphorinordertoendowuswiththeconceptthat,tohabituallyexercisesisliketodepositmoneybitbybitinthebank.Ifwemanagetoexerciseeverydayforaconsiderableperiodoftime,thehabitwouldcontributeinvaluablytoourhealth.Ifirmlybelievethatexerciseshouldbecomealife-longpursuit,partandparcelofourlife.Inthisway,notonlywillourlongevitybegreatlylengthened,theimprovementandmaintenanceofhealthcouldalsoleadtoahappierlife.AttheeveofChina’shostingthe2008OlympicGames,Ithinkitishightimetolaunchacampaignspurringeverycitizentoexercise.Thoughbeingdifficultatthebeginning,weshouldbeawarethatexerciseisalong-terminvestmentthatmightbenefitusevenmorethanouranticipation.譯文：這幅圖刻畫了一個(gè)男人把一筆錢存入銀行，以后當(dāng)他取出這筆錢的時(shí)候已經(jīng)是一筆不小的財(cái)富了。我們可能會(huì)以為這是一個(gè)銀行的廣告，但是實(shí)際上題目暗示了這是在鼓勵(lì)人們養(yǎng)成鍛煉身體的好習(xí)慣。通過(guò)這個(gè)獨(dú)特的比喻，作畫者意在讓我們接受這樣的一個(gè)概念，即鍛煉身體的習(xí)慣就像往銀行中一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)地存錢。如果我們堅(jiān)持在一段時(shí)間里每天鍛煉，這個(gè)習(xí)慣對(duì)于我們健康的貢獻(xiàn)將是無(wú)價(jià)的。而且我堅(jiān)信鍛煉是一項(xiàng)一生都應(yīng)該堅(jiān)持的事情，是我們生活的一個(gè)重要組成部分。這不僅能夠延長(zhǎng)人們的壽命，而且健康的改進(jìn)和保持會(huì)給人們帶來(lái)一個(gè)更加幸?？鞓?lè)的生活。因此，在北京舉辦2008年奧運(yùn)會(huì)的前夕，我認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)非常好的時(shí)機(jī)發(fā)起全民健身的熱潮。盡管堅(jiān)持這個(gè)習(xí)慣在一開(kāi)始比較困難，但是我們應(yīng)該相信鍛煉是一種一生的投資，我們可能得到比我們預(yù)期更多的收獲。閃光詞匯及詞組：deposit:v.存錢fortune:n.財(cái)產(chǎn)，財(cái)富endow:v.賦予concept:n.概念habitually:adv.習(xí)慣地bitbybit:一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)地invaluably:adv.無(wú)價(jià)地，非常貴重lengthen:v.延長(zhǎng)，加長(zhǎng)attheeve:在……之前spur:v.鞭策，刺激investment:n.投資anticipation:n.期望萬(wàn)能句型：Onemightthinkitis…butinfact,asthesubtitlesuggests,itis…Theartistusesthisuniquemetaphorinorderto…Ifirmlybelievethat…Attheeveof…Ithinkitishightimeto…(6)Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould:1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen3)stateyourpointofview.YoushouldwriteonANSWERSHEET2.范文：Whatthedrawingistryingtoexpressisveryconspicuous.Itshowspeoplewhoareenergeticallyrunning,playingbasketball,anddoingotherkindsofsports.Moreover,atthebottomofthepicturearefourhugecharacters,meaning“sports”and“health”,whichtargetsatremindingusthatsportsandhealthareintrinsicallyconnected.Intoday’sworld,mostpeopleareincreasinglyawareoftheimportanceofmaintaininghealth,soastoenjoyingbetterlifequalityandlongevity.Inordertopossessahealthybody,notonlyneedwekeepanutritiousdietandadequatesleep,itiscrucialforindividualstoformthehabitofexercisingregularly.Doingsportswillgreatlyincreasepeople’smetabolism,andstrengthenourphysique.Sportsalsohelptorefreshpeople’smindfrombrainworkalldayandnight,andevenmoresurprisingly,exercisingcanstimulatepeople’sbrainstoworkmoreactivelyandcreatively.Allinall,Ifirmlybelievethatsportsarenotthebusinessofasmallgroupofathletes,butalife-longpursuitthateverypersonshouldbearinmindandendeavortoputitintopractice.Notonlydosportsbenefitindividuals,theimprovementofthenation’shealthwouldbeahugecontributiontoourcountry’sdevelopment.譯文：這幅圖試圖表達(dá)的信息是非常明顯的。上面畫著人們?cè)诰Τ渑娴嘏懿健⒋蚧@球、以及做其他各種運(yùn)動(dòng)。此外，在圖的底部寫著四個(gè)巨大的字，意思是“運(yùn)動(dòng)”和“健康”，意在提醒人們運(yùn)動(dòng)和健康是有著內(nèi)在的緊密聯(lián)系的。在當(dāng)今社會(huì)，大多數(shù)人越來(lái)越意識(shí)到保持健康的重要性，這樣才能夠享受更好的生活質(zhì)量和長(zhǎng)壽。為了得到一個(gè)健康的身體，我們不僅不要保持營(yíng)養(yǎng)的飲食、充分的睡眠等，更重要的是人們應(yīng)該養(yǎng)成有規(guī)律地鍛煉身體的習(xí)慣。一方面，運(yùn)動(dòng)可以大大改善人們的新陳代謝系統(tǒng)，是人們的身體結(jié)構(gòu)更加強(qiáng)壯。另一方面，運(yùn)動(dòng)能夠幫助人們?cè)谝挂岳^日的腦力勞動(dòng)后振奮精神，更驚人的是，鍛煉身體可以使我們的大腦更加積極和富有創(chuàng)意地工作。總的來(lái)說(shuō)，我堅(jiān)信運(yùn)動(dòng)不僅僅是運(yùn)動(dòng)員的事情，更是每一個(gè)人一生應(yīng)該堅(jiān)持牢記在心和努力實(shí)踐的事情。不僅個(gè)人可以從運(yùn)動(dòng)中獲益，整體國(guó)民健康的提高對(duì)于我們國(guó)家的發(fā)展是一個(gè)巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。閃光詞匯及詞組：energetic:adj.精力充沛的，積極的target:v.把…作為目標(biāo)intrinsic:adj.內(nèi)在的，固有的，本質(zhì)的nutritious:adj.有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的adequate:adj.充分的，足夠的crucial:adj.至關(guān)緊要的metabolism:n.新陳代謝refresh:v.(使)精神振作,(使)精力恢復(fù),更新萬(wàn)能句型：Whatthedrawingistryingtoexpressisveryconspicuous.Allinall,Ifirmlybelievethat…(7)Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould:1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen3)stateyourpointofview.YoushouldwriteonANSWERSHEET2.范文：ThispicturedescribesthesceneofaverytypicalfamilyworkshopwhichwemightfindineveryneighborhoodinChina.Awomanisbusymakingbeancurdwhileherhusbandrunstoherhilariously,sayingthattheyhavefinallyobtainedthe“sanitationlicense”.However,wefindtheconditionoftheirworkplaceisquitedisgusting,withfliescirclingandahogpennearby.Thesanitationproblemoffamilyworkshopsinthefoodindustryhasexistedforalongtime.Itcanbemainlyattributedtotwofactors.Thefirstandperhapskeyfactoristheignoranceofsanitation.Manyworkshopsareinheritedfamilybusinesses,andthustheownersareusedtofollowingtraditionalcraftworkthatpaysnoattentiononsanitation.Theotherreasonliesonsomebusinessmen’sshortofoccupationaldisciplines.Inordertosavecostandmakeprofit,theyadopttheworstequipmentindirtyconditions,regardlessofconsumerhealth.Ithasbeenprovedthatfoodproducedinpoorsanitaryconditioncangreatlyaffectpeople’shealthandhappiness.Forthesakeofbenefitingpeople’,ourgovernmenthasinitiatedaggressiveprogramstoadvocatetheimportanceofsanitation.Illegalfoodworkshopswithunhealthysurroundingshouldneverconnive,butshouldbeseverelypunishedandforcefullyclosed.譯文：這幅圖描繪了一個(gè)非常典型的中國(guó)式家庭作坊的情景。一個(gè)女人正忙著做豆腐，此時(shí)他的丈夫歡天喜地地跑過(guò)來(lái)告訴她他們終于拿到了“衛(wèi)生許可證”。但是，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的工作場(chǎng)所的衛(wèi)生條件令人惡心，蒼蠅飛來(lái)飛去，旁邊就是一個(gè)豬圈。食品工業(yè)中家庭作坊的衛(wèi)生問(wèn)題已經(jīng)由來(lái)已久。其中主要有兩個(gè)原因。第一個(gè)也是最重要的一個(gè)因素是人們?nèi)狈πl(wèi)生意識(shí)。許多作坊都是代代相傳的家庭生意，因此作坊主們習(xí)慣于使用并不怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)衛(wèi)生設(shè)施的傳統(tǒng)工藝。另一個(gè)原因在于有些生意人缺乏職業(yè)紀(jì)律。為了節(jié)省成本、創(chuàng)造更多的利潤(rùn)，他們?cè)隗a臟的環(huán)境中使用最差的工具進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)，而全然不顧消費(fèi)者的健康。很多例子都可以證明在較差的衛(wèi)生條件下生產(chǎn)出來(lái)的食品會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響人們的健康和幸福。為了人們的利益，我們的政府已經(jīng)采取了積極的措施來(lái)倡導(dǎo)衛(wèi)生的重要性。那些有著不健康環(huán)境的非法食品作坊不能得到縱容，而必須得到嚴(yán)厲的懲罰和堅(jiān)決的取締。閃光詞匯及詞組：familyworkshop:家庭作坊neighborhood:n.鄰近，附近hilarious:adj.歡鬧的sanitation:n.衛(wèi)生，衛(wèi)生設(shè)施hogpen:n.豬圈foodindustry:食品工業(yè)craftwork:n.工藝shortof:缺乏，缺少regardlessof:不管，不顧forthesakeof:為了connive:v.默許，縱容，放任，假裝不見(jiàn)萬(wàn)能句型：Thispicturedescribesthesceneof…Itmainlyattributestotworeasons.Thefirstandperhapskeyfactoris…Theotherreasonlieson…(8)Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould:1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen3)suggestcounter-measures.YoushouldwriteonANSWERSHEET2.范文：Inthepicture,weareamazedtofindthatthegodofdeathissittingmaliciouslyonabuswhosedriverdozedoffwhiledriving.Itclearlytellsusthatinthedomainoftransportation,therearehiddendangerseverywhereshouldwebecomecareless.Trafficaccidentshavelongbeenaproblemsincetheinventionofautomobiles,andarebecominganincreasinglysevereproblembecauseoftheboomofpopulation,aswellasthemassproductionofallformsofautomobiles.Therearemorereasonsforthisissue.Firstly,manytruckdriversareforcedtodrivedaysandnightswithlittlerestsimplybecausetheiremployersdesiremoreprofit.Secondly,alotofcitizensdriveafterdrinkingalcohol,reactingslowlywhenencounteringemergency.Thirdly,quiteanumberofyoungpeopleenjoyacceleration,buttheirlimiteddrivingskillsfrequentlyleadtotragedies.Judgingfromtheanalysisabove,wemaysafelycometotheconclusionthatthedauntingproblemdemandseffectivecounter-measures.Mostimportantly,thegovernmentneedstoimplementsufficientlyrelevantlawsandregulationsinordertostrengtheninspection.Inaddition,allresidentsshouldbeawareofthehiddendangersintransportationandinsistinkeepingalertwheneverdriving.譯文：在這幅圖中，我們驚奇地看到死神正坐在一輛行駛的車上，惡毒地看著車中正在打瞌睡的司機(jī)。該圖顯然在告訴我們?cè)诮煌I(lǐng)域，我們一旦不小心就會(huì)有許多潛在的危險(xiǎn)。交通事故自從汽車發(fā)明以來(lái)就一直是一個(gè)問(wèn)題，現(xiàn)在由于人口的增長(zhǎng)和各種汽車的大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)、這個(gè)問(wèn)題變得越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重。此外，導(dǎo)致這個(gè)問(wèn)題的原因還有很多。首先，很多卡車駕駛員被迫日夜不停地駕駛，因?yàn)樗麄兊墓椭飨胭嵏嗟睦麧?rùn)。第二，許多市民在酒后駕駛，一旦發(fā)生緊急情況他們的反應(yīng)會(huì)比較遲緩。第三，很多年輕人喜歡高速駕駛，但是他們的駕車技術(shù)有限，導(dǎo)致了很多悲劇。從上面的分析中，我們認(rèn)為必須采取有效的措施來(lái)接決這一問(wèn)題。最重要的是政府應(yīng)該采取充分的法律法規(guī)來(lái)加強(qiáng)監(jiān)管力度。此外，人們要普遍地意識(shí)到交通中許多潛在危險(xiǎn)，因此我們?cè)隈{車的時(shí)候一定要保持警惕。閃光詞匯及詞組：malicious:adj.惡意的，惡毒的dozeoff:v.打瞌睡domain:n.領(lǐng)域，范圍massproduction:大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)daysandnights:日日夜夜地encounter:v.面對(duì)，面臨emergency:n.緊急情況，突然事件alcohol:n.酒，酒精acceleration:n.快速駕車daunting:使人畏縮的inspection:n.檢查，視察萬(wàn)能句型：Inthepicture,weareamazedtofindthat…Itclearlytellsusthat…Therearemorereasonsforthisissue.Judgingfromtheanalysisabove,wemaysafelycometotheconclusionthat…2、職業(yè)道德類（1）1998年真題。Directions:Studythefollowingsetofpicturescarefullyandwriteanessayinnolessthan150words.YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.Youressayshouldcoveralltheinformationprovidedandmeettherequirementsbelow:1.Writeoutthemessageconveyedbythecartoon.2.Giveyourcomments.真題分析：本題是考研短文作文中采用漫畫來(lái)作為試題的第一次嘗試。圖中一只母雞在高唱產(chǎn)品承諾，但是我們看一看其承諾會(huì)不禁啞然失笑，因?yàn)樗^的“承諾”只不過(guò)的它的本分。漫畫形象生動(dòng)了反映了當(dāng)今社會(huì)上一個(gè)普遍而又奇怪的現(xiàn)象，也就是商家故意混淆“吹噓”和“分內(nèi)事”之間的關(guān)系，從而誤導(dǎo)消費(fèi)者。本題的難點(diǎn)在于考生需要從大量的文字信息中找到中心思想。這里的一大忌諱就是盲目翻譯打油詩(shī)和母雞的承諾，因?yàn)檫@不僅會(huì)占用很多字?jǐn)?shù)，而且不倫不類的翻譯還會(huì)降低文章的質(zhì)量。這就進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明了在寫作圖畫作文的時(shí)候，抓住中心思想、提煉觀點(diǎn)才是關(guān)鍵。思路拓展：職業(yè)道德問(wèn)題也是中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展中一個(gè)值得人們長(zhǎng)期關(guān)注的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題之一。在市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)大潮中，許多人在利益的驅(qū)使下紛紛都失去了道德和理智，以假冒偽劣產(chǎn)品和劣質(zhì)的服務(wù)來(lái)欺瞞消費(fèi)者，損害消費(fèi)者的利益。相關(guān)話題還包括近年來(lái)社會(huì)上大力抨擊的商業(yè)欺詐問(wèn)題，以及努力倡導(dǎo)“誠(chéng)信”原則等。相關(guān)的領(lǐng)域幾乎可以囊括各行各業(yè)，包括工業(yè)制造業(yè)、商業(yè)、教育、醫(yī)藥、娛樂(lè)界等等熱門行業(yè)和產(chǎn)業(yè)。考生應(yīng)該注意在平時(shí)搜集相關(guān)資料，做到舉一反三。范文：Thecartoonpresentsahensingingproudlyaboutherpromiseofproducinggood-qualityeggs.However,aquickglanceatherwordsrevealsironicallythattheso-called“promise”—roundeggscomposedofthethreenecessarypartsofshell,whiteandyolk—is,asamatteroffact,whatahenissupposedtoproduce.Thehenmirrorsaphenomenonthatpermeatesoursociety,thatis,businessesutilizethebasicfeaturesoftheirproductsandservicesasthesellingpointsfortheiradvertisementcampaigns.These“beautifulpromises”tendtoshapeafalseimpressionintheconsumers’mindthattheproductsandservicesareofextraordinarycharacteristics.Inthissense,thepromiseofone’sownresponsibilityislikeamethodofcheating,andisquiteagainstprofessionalmorals,althoughthereisnoevidenceofdishonestyifthewordsareexaminedliterally.Inmypointofview,otherthanpromisingwhatoneshoulddo,thesecretforbusinesssuccessistohavetheconsumersunderstandwhatextraadvantagestheywouldbeprovidedwith.Suchaninitiativecanpushbusinessestoconductprofoundresearch,dedicatethemselvestoinnovation,andconcentrateonqualityimprovementandperfection,thusleadingtohealthyindustrydevelopmentandpositivesocialeffects.Consequently,businessesthemselvesaresurelytobenefitmorefromawholesomemarketenvironment.譯文：這幅漫畫顯示了一只母雞正在驕傲地高歌其生產(chǎn)的優(yōu)質(zhì)雞蛋。可是瞥一眼她說(shuō)的話，我們就能發(fā)現(xiàn)所謂的“承諾”—即下蛋不見(jiàn)棱角，保證蛋皮、蛋清和蛋黃—其實(shí)是任何母雞應(yīng)該做的事情。這只母雞反映了現(xiàn)在社會(huì)上普遍存在的一個(gè)典型現(xiàn)象，即一些商家在廣告中故意用產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的基本特征來(lái)作為宣傳的噱頭。這些“美麗的承諾”給消費(fèi)者們?cè)斐闪颂摷俚挠∠?，使他們認(rèn)為面對(duì)著的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)擁有一些非凡的特點(diǎn)。從這個(gè)意義上來(lái)說(shuō)，對(duì)于自己本該履行的責(zé)任的承諾就好像商業(yè)欺騙，違反了職業(yè)道德，盡管從字面上來(lái)說(shuō)沒(méi)有欺詐的痕跡。我認(rèn)為，商業(yè)成功的秘密不在于承諾做自己應(yīng)該做的事情，而是應(yīng)該讓消費(fèi)者得到額外的好處。這會(huì)促使企業(yè)加大和深入研究工作、致力于創(chuàng)新、關(guān)注產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的提高和完善，從而取得健康的產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展和積極的社會(huì)效應(yīng)。商家自身也會(huì)因此從一個(gè)更加健康的市場(chǎng)環(huán)境中得到更多的好處。閃光詞匯及詞組：so-called:所謂的asamatteroffact:實(shí)際上utilize:v.利用sellingpoints:adj.賣點(diǎn)tendto:易于，傾向于inthissense:在這個(gè)意義上，萬(wàn)能句型：Thecartoonpresents…However,aquickglanceat…revealsironicallythat……mirrorsaphenomenonthatpermeatesoursociety,thatis…Inmypointofview…Consequently…(2)Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould:1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen3)suggestcounter-measures.YoushouldwriteonANSWERSHEET2.“憂”質(zhì)產(chǎn)品范文：Theabovepicturefeaturesamanwhoisquitebotheredanddissatisfiedwithhisnewtoothbrush,whichisofpoorquality.Asthecaptionindicates,thetoothbrushisnotaproductofgoodattributes,butofunsatisfactoryones.Wecanalsoguessthatsuchatoothbrushmayhurttheman’steethaswellashismood,inconveniencinghimgreatly.Itismorethanclearonthisoccasionthatthecartoonistwishestodrawmoreattentiontotheproblemofpoor-qualityproductsprevailinginoursociety.Theharmofsuchaphenomenonisself-evident.Onthemicrolevel,consumersarevastlyhurtbytheseproducts,whichmightevenbelife-threatening.Onthemacrolevel,iflow-qualityproductscontinuetospread,theywilldamagethenormalfunctionandoperationofahealthymarketeconomy.Therefore,Istronglycontendthatimmediatemeasuresbeadoptedtoaddressthequandary.Firstandforemost,thegovernmentshouldmakerelevantregulationssoastoseverelypunishmanufacturersofpoorproducts.Secondly,ConsumerAssociationandotherlegalprocedureshouldbefurthersmoothedsothatconsumerspossesstherightchanneltoreportrelatedissues.Lastbutnotleast,enterprisesandcompaniesshouldenhancetheirawarenessoftheimportanceofproceedingexcellentcommodities.譯文：上圖畫出了一個(gè)男人對(duì)于他的新牙刷感到十分不滿和煩惱，因?yàn)樵撗浪⒌馁|(zhì)量太差。正如標(biāo)題所示，這支牙刷并不是優(yōu)質(zhì)產(chǎn)品，而是“憂”質(zhì)產(chǎn)品。我們可以猜到這支牙刷不僅可能傷害這個(gè)人的牙齒，也破壞了他的心情，給他帶來(lái)了很多不便。很清楚，作圖者希望更多的人關(guān)注社會(huì)上泛濫的低質(zhì)量產(chǎn)品的問(wèn)題。這種現(xiàn)象的害處是不言自明的。從微觀角度看，這類產(chǎn)品會(huì)極大地傷害消費(fèi)者的利益，甚至可能威脅到他們的生命。從宏觀角度看，如果低質(zhì)量的產(chǎn)品繼續(xù)傳播到我們社會(huì)的每一個(gè)角落，就會(huì)破壞健康市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的正常功能和運(yùn)行。因此，我強(qiáng)烈建議必須要采取緊急的措施來(lái)處理這個(gè)問(wèn)題。首先，政府應(yīng)該制定相關(guān)法規(guī)，嚴(yán)懲造假者。其次，健全消費(fèi)者協(xié)會(huì)和其他的訴訟機(jī)制，以便消費(fèi)者能夠有一個(gè)順暢的渠道來(lái)報(bào)告類似事件。最后，企業(yè)和公司要提高對(duì)生產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)產(chǎn)品重要性的認(rèn)識(shí)。閃光詞匯及詞組：bother:v.煩擾、打擾caption:n.標(biāo)題attribute:n.特點(diǎn)、特征mood:n.心情、情緒prevailing:adj.流行的self-evident:adj.不言而喻的，不證自明的vastly:adv.廣大地，很大程度上life-threatening:v.威脅生命的spread:v.傳播quandary:n.困境smooth:v.使……順利channel:n.渠道萬(wàn)能句型：Theabovepicturefeatures…Itismorethanclearonthisoccasionthatthecartoonistwishestodrawmoreattentiontotheproblemof…Onthemicrolevel…Onthemacrolevel…Therefore,Istronglycontendthatimmediatemeasuresbeadoptedtoaddressquandary.(3)Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould:1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen3)stateyourpointofview.YoushouldwriteonANSWERSHEET2.范文：Afirstglanceatthiscartoontellsusthatamatchmakerisattemptingtocreateacrushbetweenamanandawoman.Buttheveilontheheadofthebride-to-becoversthefactthatsheisoldandugly,quiteoppositetowhatthematchmakerisadvertising.Thepicturefurtherpointsoutthatthematchmakersymbolizesfalseadvertisementsandthewomanlow-qualityproducts.Thecartoonsubtlyrevealsaphenomenonfrequentlyhappeninginoursociety—thefalsecommercialadvertisingandpromotion.Theiremergencefirstlyowestothenegativeeffectofagrowingmarketeconomywhichemphasizescompetition.Economicloserfailtolearnthelessoninretrospect,anddedicatethemselvestocheatingcustomersinsteadofimprovingthequalityofproductsandservices.Falseadvertisement,seemstobemostconvenienttoattractclientsandincreaseprofitintheshortrun.However,falseadvertisingcangreatlyendangerindividualsandthewholesociety.Inthelongrunbusinessesmaydamagetheirownimagesbyfakepropaganda,whichhurtsconsumerconfidence.AstheChinesesayinggoes,“thosewhoplayfireareboundtogetburned”,itisonlybygenuineadvertisementandqualifiedproductsthatanenterprisecanprosper.譯文：第一眼看這幅圖時(shí)，我們看到的是一個(gè)媒婆正在努力讓一對(duì)男女互相產(chǎn)生好感。但是我們很快就可以發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)即將成為新娘的女人并不像媒婆說(shuō)的那樣好，而是又老又丑。這幅圖進(jìn)一步指出了這個(gè)媒婆象征了虛假?gòu)V告，而女人象征了偽劣產(chǎn)品。這幅圖指出了我們的社會(huì)中一個(gè)經(jīng)常發(fā)生的現(xiàn)象——虛假的廣告和推銷。這種現(xiàn)象的出現(xiàn)部分是由于在市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展中，過(guò)于強(qiáng)調(diào)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)而帶來(lái)了一些負(fù)面效果。一些經(jīng)濟(jì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的失敗者們沒(méi)有反思教訓(xùn)，反而盡力去欺騙消費(fèi)者、不去提高產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的質(zhì)量。虛假?gòu)V告在這個(gè)時(shí)候看起來(lái)是吸引消費(fèi)者、在短期內(nèi)增加利潤(rùn)的最便利的方法。但是，我們不可以忽視虛假?gòu)V告會(huì)給消費(fèi)者以及全社會(huì)利益帶來(lái)極大的損害。此外，虛假的廣告宣傳傷害了消費(fèi)者的信心，因此在長(zhǎng)期看來(lái)會(huì)損害企業(yè)自身的形象?？偟膩?lái)說(shuō)，正如一句中國(guó)古語(yǔ)所云：“玩火者自焚”，只有企業(yè)通過(guò)真實(shí)的廣告和高質(zhì)量的產(chǎn)品才能繁榮發(fā)展。閃光詞匯及詞組：matchmaker:n.媒人，媒婆crush:n.好感false:adj.虛假的retrospect:n.回顧intheshortrun:短期內(nèi)inthelongrun:長(zhǎng)期內(nèi)negligible:adj.可以忽略的，不予重視的endanger:v.危及inaword:總的來(lái)說(shuō)genuine:adj.真實(shí)的萬(wàn)能句型：Afirstglanceatthiscartoontellsusthat…Thepicturefurtherpointsoutthat…Thecartoonsubtlyrevealsaphenomenonfrequentlyhappeninginoursociety—Itsemergencefirstlyowesto(4)Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould:1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen3)giveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteonANSWERSHEET2.范文：Whenansweringthequestionofhowtobeagoodactor,thosefromthe30sheldtheprinciplethatoneneededtolearnhowtobeamanofintegritybeforeacting,andthosefromthe60sthoughtitwasmostimportanttolearnfromlife,whilecontemporaryactorsbelievethatthedecisivefactorsincludeaprett