4高考英語閱讀推理判斷題的知識

ReadingComprehension-InferenceQuestions閱讀理解專題--推理判斷題1.

推斷隱含意義

2.推斷作者觀點或態(tài)度

3.推斷寫作目的

4.推斷文章出處

5.推斷上下文內容

閱讀推理判斷題推斷題分類Therearethreemenonatrain.MrAspeaksEnglishandChinese.MrBspeaks

FrenchandEnglish.MrCcanonlytalkwithMrA.WhatlanguagedoesMrCspeak?

Chinese.

1.Questionforms:Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat

.Fromthetextweknowthat…ismostlikely

.Whenthewritertalksabout…,whatthewriterreallymeans

is

.

一、如何推斷隱含意義Thewritersuggeststhat

.Thestoryimpliesthat

.Wecaninfer[conclude]fromthepassagethat

.

這類題干中通常含有infer,suggest,imply,conclude等標志性詞語。2.技巧點撥1).全面分析2).忠實原文3).不要選擇表層信息Didyoueverhearastrangesoundcomingfromthewall?Diditsoundlikeaclock?Ifso,itmayhavebeenmadebyabeetle.Longagopeoplethoughtthetickingmeantthatsomeonewasabouttodie.Thusthebeetleiscalled"thedeathwatchbeetle."（1分鐘）

●

Thesoundofthisbeetle________.pleasedpeople.B.surprisedpeople.C.frightenedpeople.D.excitedpeople.3.Practice:1(passage1)

SeveraldifferentbisonspecieshavelivedontheNorthAmericancontinentsincetheIceAge;todayonlytwoexist.Thewoodbisonisthelargerofthetwo,andisnowfoundmostlyinwesternCanada.BetterknownintheUnitedStatesisthePlainsbison,orbuffalo.Atonetime,herdsoftheseanimalscouldbesighedalmosteverywherefromtheAppalachianMountainsintheEasttotheRockyMountainsintheWest.

●Theauthorimpliesthatseveraltypesofbison______.A.liveoutsidetheUnitedStatedandCanadaB.arewelladaptedtoswampyterrainC.existedbeforetheIceAgeD.havebeenkilledorhavediedout2P32.

Itisfuntoturnoverabigrockonthebeach.Makesureyouturntherockbacktothepositionitwasinafteryoumovedit.Ifyoudon’tturnitbackover,alltheseaanimalsunderitorclingingto（依附）theundersidewilldie.

Thepassageimpliesthatrocks________.hurtseaanimalsprotectseaanimalsC.won’tbefoundonbeachesD.can’tbefoundonbeachesPractice2Onedayamanwalkedapetshopandsaidtotheshopassistant，“IneedtwosmallmiceandaboutfiveDozenroaches（蟑螂）andtwospiders（蜘蛛）.”“WhatdoyouneedThesethingsfor?”theshopassistantwasverysurprised.“Well，”repliedtheman，“I’mmovingoutofmyapartmentandthelandlordinsiststhatIshouldleavethehouseinexactlythesameconditionasIfoundit.”Practice3Thepassagesuggeststhatwhenthewritermovedintotheapartment,itwas______.A.verycleanB.justcleanedbythelandlordC.tidyandcomfortableD.dirtyandfullofinsects

5.Whatcanweknowfromthelastparagraph?A.Maryfeelspityforherself.B.Maryhasrecoveredfromherdisease.C.Marywantstohelpothersasmuchaspossible.D．Marydeterminestogobacktothedancefloor.Althoughherdiseasehasaffectedhereyesightandforcedhertothesidelinesofthedancefloor，sherefusestofallintoself-pity.“Everybodyonearthcanask，‘whyme？’aboutsomethingorother，”sheinsists.“Itdoesn’tdoanygood.Nooneisimmune(免疫的)toheartachepain，anddisappointments.Sometimeswecanmakethingsbetterbyhelpingothers.I’vecometorealizetheimportanceofthatasI’vegrownupthissecondtime.IwanttospeakoutandbeashelpfulasIcanbe.”高考鏈接--2010湖南卷4

Whatcanweinferfromthelastsentenceofthetext?A.HappinesscomesfrompeacefullifeinthecountryB.HealthismoreimportantthanmoneyC.TheharmonybetweenmanandnatureisimportantD.GoodolddayswillneverbeforgottenThenthepeoplerealizedwhatwashappening.Itwasthefrog.Theyhadn’tbeenuseless.Theyhadbeendoinganimportantjob---eatinginsects.Nowwithsomanyfrogskilled,theinsectswereincreasingmorerapidly.Theyweredamagingthecropsandspreadingdiseases.Now,thepeaplearestillpoor.Butintheeveningstheysitinthevillagesquareandlistentosoundsofinsectsandfrogs.Thesesoundsofthenightnowhaveamuchdeepermeaning.高考鏈接--2010遼寧卷5topicsentence二、如何推斷作者觀點和態(tài)度：作者的態(tài)度:objective（客觀的）subjective（主觀的）neutral

（中立的）；positive(積極的)negative（消極的）approval（贊成的）disapproval（不贊成的）Indifferent（不感興趣的，漠不關心的sarcastic（諷刺的）

critical(批評的)optimistic

（樂觀的）

pessimistic（悲觀的）客觀的Impressed有深刻印象的

doubtful不敢肯定的

persuasive說服人的Interested感興趣的

factual實事求是的questioning質問的Approving贊成的

suspicious懷疑的Worried擔憂的depressed沮喪的confident自信的hostile敵對的

prejudice有偏見的

unconcerned不關心的，不掛念的1.Questionforms:Thewriter’sattitudetoward…is______.Thewriterthoughtthat______.Accordingtotheauthor______.2.技巧點撥注意作者表達感情色彩的形容詞、副詞、動詞及所舉的例子，才能推斷出作者的弦外之音。注意仔細琢磨作者表達情感和態(tài)度的用詞方式肯定：certainly,nodoubt,surely,不太肯定：possibly，maybe,itissaidthat….情感色彩：great,terrific(極好的；極其的，非常的；可怕的，凄慘的；了不起)

,wonderfully,sadly,shame注意作者使用反語Ifoundinmybaby‘sbehaviorametaphor暗喻

forthenewgeneration.MywifeandIhadgivenhimsomebookstoexamine，buthemerelyspituponthem.Whenwereadtohim，hedidnotfeelcomfortable.Andsoitisintheschools.Wefindthatourstudentsdon’treadandlookdownuponreadingandevenscoldthoseofuswhoteachit.AlltheywanttodoiswatchTV.Therefore,Ihavereachedaconclusion:“Letthemwatchit!”Iftelevisionismuchmoreattractivetochildrenthanbooks,whyshouldwefightit?Letthemwatchalltheywant!Whatdoyouthinkistheauthor’sattitudetowardsTV?Curious.

B.Worried.

C.Unfavorable.

D.Favorable.注意作者對事件下的結論Whyisn’tyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews？AllIreadaboutismurder，bribery（行賄），anddeath．Frankly，I’msickofallthisbadnews．Thisauthor’sattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingisto______．A.complainB.apologizeC.amuseD.inform注意作者對比的寫作方法Familyresearchersofferavarietyofreasonsfortheseevolvingrolesandattitudes.Theyseethe1960sasaturningpoint.Greatculturalchangesledtomoreopencommunicationandamoredemocraticprocessthatencourageseveryonetohaveasay.

“Myparentswereonthe‘before’sideofthatchange,buttoday'sparents,the40-year-olds,wereonthe

‘after’side,”explainsMr.Ballmer.“It'snotsomethingeasilyaccomplishedbyparentsthesedays,becauselifeismoredifficulttounderstandordealwith,butsharinginterestsdoesmakeitmorefuntobeaparentnow.”Q:Bysaying“today'sparents,the40-year-olds,wereonthe‘after’side.”theauthormeansthattoday'sparents_________.

A.followthetrendofthechange

B.cansetalimittothechange

C.failtotakethechangeseriously

D.havelittledifficultyadjustingtothechange注意作者對動作,場景的描述Bythistimetherewerequiteafewpeoplestandinginlines.Thewordsoonspreadtoothertravelersthatthecomputerwasdown.Somepeoplewentwhite,somepeoplestartedtocryandstillotherskickedtheirluggage.Intheparagraphtheauthorsuggeststhat_______.A.amoderncomputerwon’tbedown.

B.computerscantaketheplaceofhumansC.sometimesacomputermaybringsufferingtopeopleD.therewillbegreatchangesincomputersThatpoordoctorjustcouldn’tgetmyglovesoff.Eachtimehetookasteptowardsme,Ibrokeintopainfulshouting.thedoctorbegantostitch(縫合)myheadwound,notonlydidhemerrily（快樂地）cutoffalonglockofmyhair,butusednoanaesthetic(麻藥)either!Whatdidthewriterthinkofthedoctor?A.friendly.B.cruel.C.hardworking. D.kind

Therewasatimewhensomepeople’slivesweredevotedsimplytothecultivationofthelandorthecareofcattle.Nomulti-taskingthere;theirliveswentonatamuchgentlerpace,andinafamiliarpattern.Thereismuchthatwemightenvyaboutawayoflifelikethis.Yetbeforewedoso,wemustthinkofthehardtasksourancestorsfaced;theyfarmedwithbarehands,oftenlivedclosetohunger,andhadtofashiontoolsfromwoodandstone.Modernmachineryhasfreedpeoplefromthatprimitiveexistence.6Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthemoderntechnology?A.CriticalB.Objective.C.Optimistic.D.Negative.對事物的前景抱著希望，有信心，叫樂觀Wemustnotforget,either,thatadvertisingmakesapositivecontributiontoourpockets.Newspapers,commercialradioandtelevisioncompaniescouldnotsubsistwithoutthissourceofrevenue收入來源.Thefactthatwepaysolittleforourdailypaper,orcanenjoysomanybroadcastprogrammersisdueentirelytothemoneyspentbyadvertisers.Justthinkwhatanewspaperwouldcostifwehadtopayitsfullprice!Q:Theattitudeoftheauthortowardadvertisersis____.A.appreciative.B.trustworthy.C.critical.D.dissatisfactory.Passage5.（江西卷）Justascryingcanbehealthy,notcrying—holdingbacktearsofanger,painorsuffering—canbebadforphysical(身體的)health.Studieshaveshownthattoomuchcontrolofemotionscanleadtohighbloodpressure,heartproblemsandsomeotherillnesses.Ifyouhaveahealthproblem,doctorswillcertainlynotaskyoutocry.Butwhenyoufeellikecrying,don’tfightit.It’sanatural—andhealthy—emotionalresponse(反應).（2分鐘）●Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Cryingisthebestwaytogethelpfromothers.B.Fightingbacktearsmaycausesomehealthproblems.C.Wewillneverknowourdeepfeelingsunlesswecry.D.Wemustcryifwewanttoreducepressure.3Passage6.Aroundtheworldmoreandmorepeoplearetakingpartindangeroussportsandactivities.Ofcourse,therehavealwaysbeenpeoplewhohavelookedforadventure---thosewhohaveclimbedthehighestmountains,traveledintounknownpartsoftheworldorsailedinsmallboatsacrossthegreatestoceans.Now,however,therearepeoplewholookforanimmediateexcitementfromariskyactivity,whichmayonlylastafewminutesorevenseconds.Iwouldconsiderbungeejumping（蹦極跳）tobeagoodexampleofsuchanactivity.Youjumpfromahighplace(perhapsabridgeorahotairballoon)200metersabovethegroundwithanelastic（有彈性的）ropetiedtoyourankles.Youfallatupto150kilometersanhouruntiltheropestopsyoufromhittingtheground.Itissaidthatabout2millionpeoplearoundtheworldhavenowtriedbungeejumping.Otheractivitieswhichmostpeoplewouldsayasriskyasbungeejumpingincludejumpingfromtallbuildingsanddivingintotheseafromthetopofhighcliffs.

4

Whydopeopletakepartinsuchactivitiesasthese?Somepsychologists（心理學家）suggestthatitisbecauselifeinmodernsocietieshasbecomesafeandboring.Notverylongago,people'sliveswereconstantlyindanger.Theyhadtogooutandhuntforfood,diseasescouldnoteasilybecuredandlifewasacontinuousbattleforsurvival（生存）.

Nowadays,accordingtomanypeople,lifeofferslittleexcitement.Theyliveandworkincomparativelysafeconditions;theybuyfoodinshops;andtherearedoctorsandhospitalstolookafterthemiftheybecomeill.Theanswerforsomeofthesepeopleistolookfordangerinactivitiessuchasbungeejumping.

（5分鐘）●Thewriterofthetexthasa____attitude（態(tài)度）towardsdangeroussports.

A.positive（肯定的）B.negative（否定的）

C.neutral（中立的）D.nervous三、如何推斷寫作目的1.Questionforms:(1)

考查整篇文章的寫作目的A.Thewriter’s

purposeofwritingthispassageisto_____.B.Whatisthepurposeofwritingthisarticle?C.Inwritingthepassage,theauthorintendsto_____.(2)

考查某處細節(jié)的寫作意圖A.Thewriterusestheexampleof…toshowthat_____.B.Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto_____.C.…arementionedinthefirstparagraphto_____.2.常見的寫作目的歸納不同的文章可能有不同的寫作目的,但寫作目的通常有以下三種：(1)toentertainreaders（娛樂讀者，讓人發(fā)笑）(2)topersuadereaders（說服讀者接受某種觀點）(3)toinformreaders（告知讀者某些信息）常見于故事類的文章。tomakepeoplelaugh;totellaninterestingexperience常見于廣告類的文章。tosellaproductoraservice;toattractmorevisitors/readers/audience多見于科普類﹑新聞報道類﹑文化類或社會類的文章.3.技巧點撥

(1)

根據文體類別推斷寫作目的(2)

從寫作手法來推斷寫作目的Passage7.“Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave?Orhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou?”askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupattheUniversityofEdinburgh.“Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves,”hesaid.（1.5分鐘）●Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto______.A.testthereaders’knowledgeaboutwavesB.drawthereaders’attentiontothetopicC.showJamieTaylor’simportanceD.invitethereaderstoanswerthem5

TheCostofHigherEducationManypeoplebelievethathighereducationshouldbefreebecauseitisgoodfortheeconomy(經濟).Manygraduatesclearlydocontributetonationalwealth,butsodoallthebusinessesthatinvest(投資)andcreatejobs.Ifyoubelievethatthegovernmentshouldpayforhighereducationbecausegraduatesareeconomicallyproductive,youshouldalsobelievethatthegovernmentshouldpaypartofbusinesscosts.Anyonepromisingtocreatejobsshouldreceiveagiftofcapitalfromthegovernmenttoinvest.

Therefore,itistheindividual,notthegovernment,whoshouldpayfortheiruniversityeducation.高考鏈接--2010北京卷TheauthormentionsbusinessesinParagraph5inorderto________.A．argueagainstfreeuniversityeducationB．callonthemtofinancestudents’studiesC．encouragegraduatestogointobusinessD．showtheircontributiontohighereducation8Passage8AyoungmanfromavillagecalledNawalapitiyamarriedayoungwomanfromMaliyuwa,anearbyvillage.Theylivedwiththeman'sbigfamily-hisparents,hisbrothers,theirwivesandchildren.Thefamilykeptanelephant,inwhichtheyoungwomansoontookagreatinterest.Everydayshefeditwithfruitandsugar.Threemonthslaterthewomanwentbacktoherparents'home,havingquarreledwithherhusband.Soontheelephantrefusedtoeatorwork.Itappearedtobeillandheart-broken.Onemorningafterseveralweekstheanimaldisappearedfromthehouse.Itwenttothewoman'shome.Onseeingher,theelephantwaveditstrunkandtouchedherwithit.Theyoungwomanwassomovedbytheactoftheanimalthatshereturnedtoherhusband'shome.（3分鐘）

●Thewriterwrotethestoryinorderto________.A.showthatelephantsareverycleverB.tellhowawomantrainedawildanimalC.showthatwomencaremoreforanimalsthanmendoD.tellhowananimalreunitedahusbandandwife6

1.Questionforms:Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom______.Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?Thepassageismostlikelyapartof___.四、如何推斷文章出處2.解題技巧這類問題應從文章的內容或結構來判斷其出處：(1)報紙(2)廣告(3)產品說明：(4)書評5(影評）Passage9（全國卷）Doyoualwaysunderstandthedirectionsonabottleofmedicine?Doyouknowwhatismeantby“Takeonlyasdirected?”Readthefollowingdirectionsandseeifyouunderstandthem.Toreducepain,taketwotablets(藥片)withwater,followedbyonetableteveryeighthours,asrequired.Fornight-timeandearlymorningrelief(緩解疼痛)taketwotabletsatbedtime.Donottakemorethansixtabletsintwenty-fourhours.Forchildrensixtotwelveyearsold,givehalftheamount(量).Forchildrenundersixyearsold,askyourdoctor’sadvice.Reducetheamountifyousufferfromrestlessnessorsleeplessnessaftertakingthemedicine.●Thistextismostprobablytakenfroma______.（2分鐘）A.textbookB.newsreelC.doctor’snotebookD.bottleofmedicine7

Don’twanderaimlesslythroughlife.Getconfusedonyourgoals,starthelpingothersinneed,andlivelifetothefullest!Lifeistooshorttobeanythingbuthappy.Visitmyblogandfindwhatyou’vebeenmissing.Sighupformynewsletterandgetsevenfreeebooks,too!Readhundredsofarticleswhileyou’rethereinthearticlesection,whichisupdateddaily.PracticeThistextmustbetakenfrom___________AaradioprogramB.awebsiteC.anewspaperD.aTVprogram92.解題技巧推測下文的內容：根據作者的思路進行推理推測上文的內容：關注第一段，特別是文段開始的幾句話。五．推斷上下文內容

Questionforms:Thenextparagraphwouldmostprobablydealwith_______Theparagraphprecedingthisonewouldmostlikelydiscuss______.Passage11Whenearlyhumanshuntedandgatheredfood,theywerenotincontroloftheirenvironment.Theycouldonlyinteractwiththeirsurroundingsaslowerorganisms有機物

did.Whenhumanslearnedtomakefire,however,theybecamecapableofalteringtheirenvironment.Toprovidethemselveswithfueltheystrippedbarkfromtrees,causingthetreestodie.Clearingswereburnedinforeststoincreasethegrowthofgrassandtoprovideagreatergrazing牧場，areaforthewildanimalsthathumansfedupon.Thisdevelopmentledtofarmingandthedomestication（馴化）ofanimals.Firealsoprovidedthemeansforcookingplantswhichhadpreviouslybeeninedible食用

.Onlywhentheprocessofmeetingthebasicneedforfoodreachedacertainlevelofsophistication精練wasitpossibleforhumanstofollowotherpursuitssuchasthefoundingofcities.（3分鐘）●Theparagraphfollowingthispassagewouldmostlikelybeabout____________.A.fireB.huntingC.farmingD.urbanization（城市化）9Passage10Morethan30,000driversandfrontseatpassengersarekilledorseriouslyinjured（受傷）eachyear.Ataspeedofonly30milesperhouritisthesameasfallingfromathirdfloorwindow.Wearingaseatbelt（安全帶）saveslives;itreducesyourchanceofdeathorseriousinjurybymorethanhalf.Thereforedriversorfrontseatpassengersover14inmostvehiclesmustwearaseatbelt.Ifyoudonot,youcouldbefinedupto$50.Itwillnotbeuptothedriverstomakesureyouwearyourbelt.Butitwillbethedriver'sresponsibility（責任）tomakesurethatchildrenunder14donotrideinthefrontunlesstheyarewearingseatbeltofsomekind.However,youdonothavetowearaseatbeltifyouarereversing（倒退）yourvehicleoryouaremakingalocaldelivery（發(fā)送）orcollectionusingaspecialvehicle;orifyouhaveavalidmedicalcertificatewhichexcusesyoufromwearingit.Makesurethesecircumstances（情形）applytoyoubeforeyoudecidenottowearyourseatbelt.Rememberyoumaybetakentocourtfornotdoingso,andyoumaybefinedifyoucannotprovetothecourtthatyouhavebeenexcusedfromwearingit.（3分鐘）

●Thistextistakenfrom_____.A.amedicalmagazineB.apolicereportC.anadvertisement（廣告）D.agovernmentinformationbooklet（小冊子）8Morethan30,000…arekilledorseriouslyinjured（受傷）eachyear.youcouldbefinedupto$50Rememberyoumaybetakentocourt…youmaybefined…apolicereportFourpassengerswerekilledand39othersinjuredearlySundayafterabustravelingsouthonBeijing-ZhuhaiFreewaybrokethroughaguardrailandfelloffacliff.TrafficpoliceinShaoguanCity,southChina'sGuangdongProvince,saidthebuscarried43passengers.ItsetofffromNanyang,acityincentralChina'sHenanProvince,at10a.m.SaturdayheadedforDongguaninGuangdong.AllthepassengerswereresidentsfromZhenpingCountyinNanyangCity.Theaccidenthappenedaround3:46a.m.Sundaywhenthedriverattemptedtoavoidhittinganunidentifiedobjectinfrontofthebus.Youcanclickthelinkandwatchthevideotoknowmoreabouttheaccident.Whereisthispassagetakenfrom?NewspaperB.MagazineC.WebsiteD.TVnews

1.推斷隱含意義,必須吃透相關文段的意思。

2.推斷作者的寫作意圖，應當關注主題句,同時把握文章的體裁也可以推斷作者的寫作目的?？偨Y

3.推斷作者的觀點，應當全面理解文章的內容及文章的中心 思想。

4.推斷下文的內容，必須特別關注最后一段的內容,尤其是最后的兩三句話。TypeA

細節(jié)推理FamilyRailcardFor＄20thisrailcardallowsyoutotakeasecondadultandupto4childrenforonly＄3eachwhenyoubuysingleorreturntickets.Youcantravelasoftenasyoulikeuntilthecardbecomesoutofdate.

Q:Amanboughthimselfaticketof＄15andthreeticketsforhisfamilywithafamilyrailcard.Howmuchdidhepay?A.＄44B.＄29C.＄24D.＄15

15+3x32)InferenceaboutdetailsTokyo：Threesnakes,whosepoisoncouldkillapersonintenminutes,areguardingabluestarsapphire（藍寶石）worthnearlysixhundreddollarsataJapaneseexhibitionofjewelssentfromanIndianmuseum.“Normallyitwouldbeforbiddentoletthesepoisonoussnakesguardexhibitionobjects,butit’sdifferentthistimebecausethejewelsarebeingexhibitedatahotel,”apoliceofficialsaid.Q:Thejewelswasbeingshownin______A.anIndianhotelB.anIndianmuseumC.aJapanesehotelD.aJapanesemuseum注意信息詞----航標燈因果關系：for,since,becauseof,thatis