全國教育碩士專業(yè)學位推薦教材-英語毛大威主編-考點整理

Unit1LiteraturePrepareYourselfDoyouknow?communicationsatellite 通訊衛(wèi)星mobiletelephony移動通訊intelligentrobot 智能機器人clone克隆telecommunications 遠程通訊Howdoyousayit?文學literature科幻小說 sciencefiction空間旅行 spacetraveling外星人alien人類社會 humansociety高技術high-technology信息時代informationage信息產(chǎn)業(yè)informationindustryMakeupasentenceIttook100yearsbeforethemoonlandingspredictedbytheFrenchwriterJulesVerneactuallytookplace.法國科幻小說家JulesVerne預言的人類登月，整整用了100年才變成現(xiàn)實。Text1 What’stheBigIdea?Imaginationismoreimportantthanknoeledge.WordGlossarysponsorn.英［'spDns］美［'spans廿］sponsorn.贊助者；主辦者；保證人vt.贊助；發(fā)起prominent^［'prominnt］美［'praminnt］adj.突出的，顯著的；杰出的；卓越的fiction英［'fikf()n］美［'fikfn］n.小說；虛構，編造；謊言hostile英［'hDstail］美［'hastl］adj.敵對的，敵方的；懷敵意的n.敵對frivolous英［'friv()ls］美［'frivls］adj.無聊的；輕佻的；瑣碎的mutual英［'mju：tfol;-tjol］美［'mjutJUl］adj.共同的；相互的，彼此的suspicion英［$'spiJX)n］美［s'spifn］n.懷疑；嫌疑；疑心；一點兒vt.懷疑speculation英［,spekjo'leIJh］美［,sp￡kju'lefn］n.投機；推測；思索；投機買賣remarkably^［ri'ma:kbli］adv.顯著地；非常地；引人注目地roboticM［ro'batik］adj.機器人的，像機器人的；自動的n.機器人學telephony英田^^)ni］美［t'lefni］n.電話(學)；電話制造predict英［pri'dikt］美［pri'dikt］想vt.預報，預言；預知vi.作出預言；作預料，作預報alien英西門珀口］美［'elion］adj.外國的；相異的，性質不同的；不相容的n.外國人，外僑；外星人vt.讓渡，轉讓emerge英^^觀］美［i'm6d3］vi.浮現(xiàn)；擺脫；暴露vision英［53（0）口］美［'vi30n］n.視力；美景；眼力；幻象；想象力vt.想象；顯現(xiàn)；夢見dominate英［'dDmIneIt］美［'daminet］vt.控制；支配；占優(yōu)勢；在…中占主要地位vi.占優(yōu)勢；處于支配地位ExpressionsandPhrasesinreality實際上；事實上callfor要求；需要；提倡；邀請；為…叫喊inthemiddleof在…中間dealwith處理；涉及；做生意insearchof尋找；搜尋playarolein在 起作用Notes“Hebacksacompanywhichproducesintelligentrobots,capableoflearningnewtasksfromtheirenvironment.”他主辦了一家公司，主要生產(chǎn)智能機器人，這種機器人能夠根據(jù)它所處環(huán)境而學習處理各種任務。本句中capableoflearningnewtasksfromtheirenvironment做定語修飾intelligentrobots,起補充說明的作用。SECTIONBVocabularystudyCompleteeachofthefollowingsentencesbychoosingtherightwordorexpressionfrontheboxandmakechangeswherenecessary.predictrevealdominateinsearchofplayamajorrolein預料揭露支配、占主導作用搜尋在…方面起主要作用callforinrealityspeculationawiderangeofrespect號召實際上推測廣泛的尊重1、Theygotthereinthelateafternoonandwentaroundinsearchofaplacetostay.他們在下午晚些時候到達那里并四處尋找棲身之地。2、Theastronomerswerequestionedonawiderangeofsubjectsfromphysicstopsychology.宇航員被問到廣泛的問題，從物理學到心理學。3、AspeoplespendmoretimewatchingTVandreadingthenewspapers,themediaplaysamajorroleininfluencingtheiropinions. 注意復數(shù)力口s因為人們花大量的時間看電視、看報紙，媒體在影響他們的觀點上發(fā)揮了主要作用。4、Therewasastrangesilenceaboutwhatwashappening,butthedetailsofthemurderwerefinallyrevealedbythelocalpaper.人們對于關于當時發(fā)生的事情表現(xiàn)出奇怪的沉默，但是謀殺的細節(jié)最終被當?shù)貓蠹埥衣冻鰜怼?、Afteranotherroundofnegotiations,theyfinallysignedadeclarationcallingforanimmediateceasefire.經(jīng)過又一輪談判之后，他們終于簽署了號召立即?；鸬男?。6、XiaoLingalwaysseemssoself-confident,butinrealitysheisextremelyshy.小玲看起來總是很自信，但實際上她十分害羞。7、Ihavetoadmitthatsheisveryniceasahostess,butshedosetendtodominatetheconversation.我不得不承認她是個非常好的主持人，但她確實試圖在整個談話中占主導作用。8、Outofrespectforthewhishesofherfamily,theaccidentwasnotreportedinthelocalmedia.為了尊重她家人的愿望，這個事故沒有在當?shù)孛襟w中報道。9、Thecompany'sexpansionwaspredictedontheassumptionthatsaleswouldrise.曾經(jīng)有人預料假設銷售量上升這家公司就會擴張。10、Anysuggestionofanimminentcrashinstockmarketispurespeculation.股票市場即將崩潰的任何建議都純粹是推測。Choosetheappropriatewordforeachsentence,usingtheproperform.culture/culturalThestudentsattendedaclassentitled—BeyondTradition”,inwhichtheydiscussedtheeffectoftechnologyontraditionalculture.學生們上了一堂名為“超越傳統(tǒng)”的課，課上他們討論了技術對傳統(tǒng)文化的影響。Chinahasavastterritoryandabundantresources.Sheisalargecountrywithalonghistoryandarichculturalheritage. 形容詞，后力口名詞中國領土寬廣，資源豐富。她是一個歷史悠久文化遺產(chǎn)豐厚的大國。sponsored/sponsoring贊助、資助第一個是動詞/現(xiàn)在分詞名稱Attheconference,theministeraccusedtheorganizationofsponsoringterrorism.會上，部長指控該組織資助恐怖主義。介詞后面要加ing變成動名詞Theresearchprogramissponsoredbyalargecomputercompany.該研究項目由一個大計算機公司贊助。 表示被贊助complication/complexity復雜/復雜性Thedropinstudentnumbersaddedfurthercomplicationtothesituation.學生數(shù)量的減少使得情況更加復雜。Nowhewasgettingalessoninthecomplexityofdieselengines.詞組現(xiàn)在，他從柴油發(fā)動機的復雜性中得到了教訓。dominate/prevail支配、占統(tǒng)治地位/流行、取勝、占優(yōu)勢BeingamemberofAnimalAdorationSociety,sheseemstothinkthatanimalrightsshouldprevailovereverythingelse.詞組作為一個動物崇拜會的成員，她似乎認為動物的權利應優(yōu)于一切。Itwasobviousthatherhusbandcompletelydominatedher.顯然，她的丈夫完全支配著她。 注意過去時加dinvestors/supporters 投資者/支持者Asoneoftheleadingcandidatesforthepresidency,hestillneedsthehelpofhissupporterstowintheelection.作為一名主要的總統(tǒng)候選人，他仍然需要他的支持者們幫助他贏得選舉。注意加S,復數(shù)。Inmostcases,investorsareentitledtoareasonablereturnontheirmoney.大多數(shù)情況下，投資者有權得到他們投資的合理回報。 注意加S，復數(shù)。SECTIONCIIISentencecorrection句子改錯第9頁破折號后面的是正確答案Eventuallyherealizeswhat--（that）theyareaskingthemselvesaquestionwhichhasneveroccurredtohim.最后，他意識到他們正在問自己一個從來沒在他身上發(fā)生過的問題。Moderndrugshaveanewroletobeplayed——（toplay）incontrollingdiseasesofthemind.havearoletoplay,發(fā)揮作用，不用被動語態(tài)shehasacheerfuldispositionandhaskeptincontactfor--（with）mostofherfriendsfromcollege.incontactwith詞組，和…接觸Afteranotherroundofnegotiations,theycalledon——（for）theimmediatereleaseofthehostages.callfor，詞組號召，呼吁Thereweresomedelaysontheroadbecauseofheavytrafficanditspend---（took）himtherehourstogettotheairport.Ittookhimsometimetodo,花了某人多少時間干某事SECTIONDTranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.Sciencefictionisaliteraturegenredevelopedinthe20thcenturyinwhichthefictionwriteraddresseshowscientificdiscoveries,technologicaldevelopments,andfutureeventsandsocietalchangesaffecthumanbeings.Thedescriptionoftheseinfluencesmaybeacarefulandinformedextrapolationofscientificfactsandprinciples,oritmayrangeintofarfetchedareasflatlycontradictoryofsuchfactsandprinciples.科幻小說是20世紀發(fā)展起來的一種文學體裁，科幻小說作家在其作品中描述科學發(fā)現(xiàn)、技術進步以及未來的事情和社會變化如何影響人類。對這些影響的描寫，可能是對科學事實和原理的一種細致而有根據(jù)的判斷，或是描寫與這些事實和原理完全矛盾的令人難以置信的一些領域。TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.由于現(xiàn)代科學的興起，特別是天文學和物理學的巨大變革，科學幻想小說的出現(xiàn)才成為可能。真正的科幻小說始于19世紀末儒勒?凡爾納的科學幻想浪漫故事，不過，凡爾納的科學只是停留在發(fā)明的水平上。Sciencefictionwasmadepossibleonlybytheriseofmodernscienceitself,notablythegreatrevolutionsinastronomyandphysics,Sciencefictionproperbegantowardtheendofthe19thcenturywiththescientificromancesofJulesVerne,whosesciencewasratheronthelevelofinvention.Unit2BusinessPrepareYourselfDoyouknow?stockholder股東taxingauthority稅務機關charitableorganization 慈善機構nonprofitfirm非盈利公司salesforecast銷售預測economicforecast經(jīng)濟預測Howdoyousayit?管理management協(xié)調coordinate運作operate人力資源humanresources經(jīng)費funds決策makedecisions政府部門governmentalagencies金融機構financialinstitutionMakeupasentenceHumanresourcescanachievemaximumproductivityonlywhentheyhaveaccesstoappropriatetypesofphysicalresources.只有當人力資源與物質資源的正確類型相匹配時，才能實現(xiàn)產(chǎn)出最大化.Text2ADefinitionofManagementGoodmanagementisavehicleforsocialprogress.SECTIONBVocabularystudyCompleteeachofthefollowingsentencesbychoosingtherightwordorexpressionfrontheboxandmakechangeswherenecessary.requireacquireoperatecomprehendmotivatemaintain要求獲得操作、經(jīng)營理解激勵維持adapttobecertainaccesstocoordinatecomponentconvert適應于肯定進入?yún)f(xié)調組成部分轉變1、Asanexcellentmanager,heisverygoodatmotivatinghisemployees.作為一名杰出的經(jīng)理，他非常善于激勵他的員工。2、TheirprincipalactivitiesaretoservetheFrenchcorporationsoperatingabroad.他們的主要活動是為法國公司的國外經(jīng)營服務。3、Thetworivalcompaniesmaintainedcloserelationsfortenyears.兩家競爭公司維持了10年的密切關系。4、Alargecomplexorganizationcanbeslowtoadapttochanges.一個大型的復雜組織適應變化可能比較緩慢。5、Theabilitytousealanguagecanbeacquiredonlybytheactofusingthelanguage.使用一門語言的能力可以通過僅僅使用這門語言就能夠獲得。6、Apasswordisneededtogetaccesstothecomputersystem.加入電腦系統(tǒng)需要密碼。7、Goodrecordsarerequiredforthepreparationofcompleteandaccuratetaxdocuments.為了準備完整有精確的稅收文件需要完善的記錄。8、Theyreadthestory,butonlyafewfullycomprehendeditsmeaning.他們讀了這個故事，但是只要少數(shù)幾個人完全理解它的意思。9、Theyconvertedthemedievalcastleintoabeautifultheater.他們把這個中世紀的城堡變成了一座美麗的戲院。10、Thedoctorwascertainafterexamininghiswoundsthathecouldnotpossiblylive.在檢查完他的傷勢之后，這個醫(yī)生確定他不可能存活。Choosetheappropriatewordforeachsentence,usingtheproperform.Process/procedure過程、步驟/程序Johndidnotfollowthecorrectprocedureinapplyingforthejob.約翰在申請工作時沒有遵循正確的程序。Thefirmisnowontheprocessofmovingthemachinestoanewfactory.詞組該公司現(xiàn)在正在將機器搬往新工廠的過程中。Coordinate/cooperate協(xié)調/合作Thescientistsfromthetwomedicalschoolsarecooperatingintheattempttofindacureforthedisease. 注意進行時力口ing來自兩個醫(yī)學院的科學家正合作試圖找到治愈該疾病的方法。Theyappointedanewmanagertocoordinatetheworkoftheteam.他們任命了一位新經(jīng)理來協(xié)調該團隊的工作。Objetive/objection 目標/反對Hesetanobjectivefortheneworganizationtoprovidefreelegalaidtothepoor.他為新組織設立了目標，為窮人提供免費的法律援助。Themainobjectiontoprogramwasthatitwouldcosttoomuch.該項目的主要反對是它可能花費太大。effctive/efficient 有效的/高效的Theyusedanewdruginthetreatmentthatiseffectiveagainstthecancer.他們在治療過程中使用新藥物，該藥物對付癌癥非常有效。Asuccessfulmanagerneedsanefficientsecretary.一個成功的經(jīng)理需要一名高效的秘書。Productive/productivity高產(chǎn)的/產(chǎn)量Theinstallationofthenewmachineryhasdoubledtheproductivityofthefactory.安裝新機器使得該工廠的產(chǎn)量翻倍增加。Thenewtrainingprogrammadetheworkershighlyproductive.新的培訓計劃使得個人生產(chǎn)力提高。III.PrepositionsandadverbsFilleachblankwithanappropriateprepositionoradverb.1.Hesaidthattheyshouldexamineallthecostsinvolvedintheprojectfirst.他說他們應該首先檢查這個工程涉及的成本。固定詞組，涉及Dealingwiththisdiversityofhumanresourcesinthe2010,sandbeyondwillbeasignificantchallengetomanagers.固定詞組，對…挑戰(zhàn)在2010年和之后處理人力資源的多樣性并將對經(jīng)理們是個重大的挑戰(zhàn)。Smith,sTuesdaymorningexperiencesaretypical ofmanagerialwork,whichisvaried,fragmented,anddifficulttoplanandorganize.固定詞組，典型的史密斯星期二早上的經(jīng)歷是典型的管理工作，這種工作是多樣的、散碎的并且很難計劃和組織。Effectivemanagersmaybeoneofadevelopedcountry,smostvaluableresources,andtheyareoneofthemostneededresourcesinlessdevelopedcountries.效率高的經(jīng)理可能是發(fā)達國家最有價值的資源之一，他們在不太發(fā)達的國家是最需要的資源之一。 less副詞，修飾形容詞，表示較少的Thespecifictasksofamanagerinacollegeoruniversitydepartmentdifferfromthoseofpeoplemanaginginotherorganizations.大學部門經(jīng)理的具體任務不同于在其他組織中從事管理工作的人的任務固定詞組，不同于Badmanagementresultsinpooremployeemorale,poorquality,lowproductivity,andunnecessaryemployee-employerconflicts.固定詞組，導致劣質的管理導致職員士氣不佳，質量差，產(chǎn)量低以及不必要的雇主和員工之間的沖突。Errorsinjudgementforjobhuntingcanpreventeventhefinestcandidatefromlandingthejobsheorhewants.固定詞組，在…方面的錯誤。求職的判斷錯誤會阻止最好的候選人得到他或她獲得想要的工作。Thebusinessplanisawrittendocumentthatclearlydefinesthegoalsofabusinessandoutlinesthemethodsforachievingthem.固定詞組，…的方法商業(yè)計劃是一份書面文件，該文件明確規(guī)定了商業(yè)的目標并列出了實現(xiàn)目標的方法。Rapidtechnologicaldevelopmentsintransportationandcommunicationshavebroughtthepeoplesoftheworldclosertogetherinaphysicalsense.固定詞組，在…意義上交通和通訊方面的快速的技術發(fā)展已經(jīng)使得全世界的人們在物理意義上更加接近。Arecentsurveyrevealedthat54percentconsideredaforeignlanguagenecessaryfordoingbusinessabroad.副詞，在國外最近的調查顯示54%的人們認為一門外語是在國外做生意所必須的。SECTIONCI.情態(tài)動詞(Modalverbs)情態(tài)動詞與其他動詞一起構成謂語，表示“可以、能力、可能性、允許、建議、必須、應該、需要”等含義；常用的情態(tài)動詞有can、could、may、might、must、ought、need等，其中ought接動詞不定式，其他情態(tài)動詞接動詞原形。上面情態(tài)動詞的語氣順序：由左向右逐漸加強mightmaycouldcanoughtshouldmustTranslatethefollowingChinesesentencesintoEnglishusingappropriatemodalverbs.1、她說不應當允許發(fā)生這樣的錯誤。Shesaidthatsucherrorsoughtnottobeallowed.2、在挑選計算機時，你必須要選擇合適的軟件。Whenchoosingacomputer,youwillneedtoselecttherightsoftware.3、我們在工作中可能會有機會與國外的專家進行交流。Inourwork,wemayoccasionallycommunicatewithexpertsinothercountries.4、如果一個人要在商界成功的話，就必須克服這些困難。Theseobstaclesmustbeovercomeifoneistobesuccessfulinthebusinessworld.5、市場調研十分重要，搜集到的信息可以增加你盈利的可能性。Marketresearchisveryimportant,theinformationwhichhasbeengatheredcanincreaseyourprofitpotential.6、因為沒有一家公司的財政經(jīng)費有它所期待的那么多，所以公司必須就如何使用其有限的資金進行決策。Becausenocompanyhasmanyfinancialresourcesasitwouldliketohave(asmighthavebeenexpected),decisionmustbemaderegardinghowtheselimitedresourceswillbeused.Completethefollowingsentencesbyusingthepropermodalverbsfortheverbsinthebrackets.Iwaswaitingallthemorning.Youshouldhavetold(tell)meyouweren,tcoming.我整個早上都在等，你本應該告訴我你要來的。Theremusthavebeen(be)abadaccidenthere.Lookatallthebrokenglassaround..這兒肯定發(fā)生了嚴重事故，看到處是破玻璃。Ishouldliketohavebeentold(tell)theresultearlier.我本來希望早點被告知這個結果的。Youneedn'thavecarried(notcarry)allthoseparcelsbyyourself.Theshopwouldhavedeliveredthemifyouhadrequiredit.你本不需要親自運送這些包裹的。商店會送過來如果你要求的話。Noonedaredtoquestion(question)theorderofthecommanderatthattime.當時，沒人敢懷疑指揮官的命令。Ican'tfindmymobilephone.Imayhaveleft(leave)itintherestaurantyesterday.我找不到我的手機了。我可能昨天掉在旅館了。Sinceyou'vefinishedwiththesemagazines,youmayaswellsell(sell)themandmakesomemoney.既然你已經(jīng)看完了這些雜志，你不妨賣掉它們賺些錢?！狶ook!Thosepeoplewhoarecomingintothehallarecarryingwetumbrellas.——Itmustberaining/musthavebeenraining(rain)outside.瞧，那些進入大廳的人們正帶著濕雨傘。外面肯定在下雨/肯定已經(jīng)下過雨。IISentencecorrectionBelieveitornot,hissuccesswasduein---(to)luck.dueto詞組Thechangeshavebeenapparentat---(over)thepastfiveyears.Over在過去的五年中。 一Inadditionfor---(to)English,thestudentslearnart,musicandhistory.inadditionto詞組，除了…以外。Timlikesoutdooractivities.Hewillgooutother---(rather)thanstayhome.Ratherthan詞組，而不愿Shehasn’tmadeuphermifOras--(to)whereshewillspendherholiday.asto詞組，關于SECTIONDTranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.Managerialeconomicsisthestudyoftheapplicationofeconomicprinciplesofdecision-makinginbusinessfirmsorinothermanagementunits.Thebasicconceptsarederivedmainlyformmicroeconomictheory,whichstudiesthebehaviorofindividualconsumers,firms,andindustries,butnewtoolsofanalysishavebeenadded.Statisticalmethods,forexample,arebecomingincreasinglyimportantinestimatingcurrentandfuturedemandforproducts.管理經(jīng)濟學研究將經(jīng)濟學原理運用于企業(yè)公司或其他管理部門的決策之中，其基本概念主要來自研究個體消費者、公司和行業(yè)的經(jīng)濟行為的微觀經(jīng)濟學，但加進了新的分析方法。例如各種統(tǒng)計方法在估計產(chǎn)品當前和今后的需求中已日漸重要。TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.好的管理是實現(xiàn)個人和社會目標的不可缺少的內容。好的管理可以創(chuàng)造高質量的工作和高生產(chǎn)率，可以把沖突減至最低程度和最大限度地促進合作，所有這些會使經(jīng)濟不斷改善，而這又為個人發(fā)展和社會進步打下很好的基礎。Goodmanagementisavitalelementinachievingpersonalandsocialobjectives.Goodmanagementcancreathighqualityandhighproductivity,minimizeconflictsandmaximizecooperation,allofwhichlendtoanimprovingeconomywhichlaysanexcellentfoundationforpersonaldevelopmentandsocialprogress.Unit3TravelPrepareYourselfDoyouknow?touristresort旅游勝地landscapescenery山水風光virginforest原始森林hitchhiking沿途免費搭乘他人便車旅行outdooradventures戶夕卜冒險活動acamper野營者Howdoyousayit?遠足hike兜風goforaride觀光sight-seeing探險explore,exploration交游goouting滑雪skiing沖浪surfing睡袋sleepingbag導游圖touristmap夏令營summercampMakeupasentenceOnceinthewilderness,yourchiefworrywillbe,nothowtoavoidotherhikers,buthownottogetlost!在空曠的野外，你最擔心的不是避開旅游高峰，而是怕迷了路！Text1EnjoytheGreatOutdoorsHappinesstakesnoaccountoftime.SECTIONBII.VocabularystudyB.Completeeachofthefollowingsentencesbychoosingtherightwordorexpressionfrontheboxandmakechangeswherenecessary.accessibletopushoffatapriceacravingfor能接近的啟程昂貴的渴望negotiateaccommodateuniqueconsistently談判留宿獨特的一貫1、Housingcouldbeobtainedataprice.高價才能獲得住房。2、Medicineshouldnotbekeptwhereitisaccessibletochildren.藥物不能放在孩子們能夠接近的地方。3、Patrickisnotsurewhetherhecan(negotiatetheturn)atthebottom.帕特里克不能肯定在底端他是否能夠拐彎。這是一個固定詞組-----拐彎4、Thehungrybeggarhadacravingforfood,anyfoodleftbytheguests.這個饑餓的乞丐非?？释澄?，客人留下的任何食物。5、Let'spushoffearlysothatwe'llgettherebeforenightfall.我們早點啟程吧，那樣我們就能在天黑之前到達那里。6、JohnandArmstrongmaintainconsistentlyahighstandard.約翰和阿姆斯特朗一貫保持高水平。7、ThoseforeignstudentsareaccommodatedinCanadianhomesnearthecampusforathree-weekorientationprogram.這些外國學生在校園附近的加拿大人的家里住宿為了進行三星期的迎新活動。8、Eachperson'ssignatureisuniqueandthatwillhelpustofindoutifthisdocumentisaforgery.每一個人的簽名都是獨特的，這將幫助我們查明這個文件是偽造的。C.Chosetherightwordtocompleteeachofthefollowingsentences.Accessible/available 可到達、可接近的/提供的、可用的Since1978,theamountofmoneyavailabletobuybookshasfallenby17%.自1978年以來，可以用來買書的錢減少了17%。Thebuildinghasbeenmadeaccessibletodisabledpeople.這棟大樓能夠讓殘疾人可以進入。Consistently/constantly 始終、一貫地/不斷地Sheisconstantlychanginghermind.她不斷地改變主意。Hehasconsistentlystoodfirmonthesideoftheoppressedpeople.他一貫堅定地站在被壓迫人民的一邊。Convert/reverse 轉變、變換/顛倒Theyconvertanoldstableintoalittlecomfortablehouse.他們把一個舊亭子變成了一個舒適的房子。Becausethenormalwordorderisreversedinpassivevoicesentences,theyaresometimeshardtofollow.因為在被動語態(tài)里正常單詞的順序被顛倒了，它們有時很難理解。Outdoor/outdoors 戶外的/在戶外Ifyouenjoyoutdooractivities,thisisthetripforyou.如果你喜歡戶外運動，這個旅行很適合你。Ireckonit’swarmenoughoutdoorsthisevening.我承認今天晚上足夠溫暖在戶外吃東西。Sky/skies天空/天空的狀態(tài)TheTibetanhighlandisalandofblueskiesandwarmsunshine.形容天空的狀態(tài)。西藏高原是藍天和溫暖陽光的土地。Shelookedoutovertherooftopsandtheopensky.死記下來。她越過屋頂和廣闊的天空向往看。SECTIONCI.B.Identifytheoneunderlinedpartthatisincorrectineachsentenceandcorrectit?識別下列句子中不準確的劃線部分并更正。l.Thepolicesays---(say)thattheyhavearrestedtwentypeoplefollowingthedisturbance.警察是集體名詞，代表復數(shù)，動詞要用原形。2.Businessmanagersfocusedonincreasingtheirpersonalwealthbyanyavailablemean---(means).Means復數(shù)形式表示手段3.Thetasteofvitaminsisnotsonice,sotheflavoursometimesneed——(needs)tobedisguised.flavour是口味表單數(shù)，動詞加s表示單數(shù)和主語一致。nWaiWenBookshopis——(are)tobefoundbooksinvariouslanguages.倒裝句，主語是books，所以is改成are，在書店，很多各種語言寫的書將被找到。.Anexperttogetherwithsomeassistantswere---(was)senttohelpresolvetheproblem.主語是anexpert是單數(shù)，所以were改成was..They,vegottwohundredbooks,onehundredandtwentyareinChineseandtherestis---(are)inEnglish. Therest是指其余的書，復數(shù)，所以用are。.LakeSuperiorissuchalargefreshwaterlakethatthewavesthatbreaks---(thatbreak)onitsshoresarelikethewavesofthesea.主語是waves是復數(shù)，所以動詞要用原形.Herearethings——(Thethings)youcandointheEuropean—goodoutdoors“includecamping,snow-mobiling,skiing,huntingandhorsebackriding.Hereare去掉，因為有兩個謂語，直接改成thethingsII.PreposioionsandadverbsFilleachblankwithanappropriateprepositionoradverb.Hesaidthattheyshouldexamineallthecostsinvolvedintheprojectfirst.他說他們應當首先檢查該過程涉及的所有成本。Thatistheusualwaythetelecommunicationscompanydealswithcomplaints.這是電信公司處理投訴的通常方式。固定詞組，處理Despiteathoroughinvestigation,notraceoftheescapedprisonerhasbeenfound.盡管進行了徹底調查，但是沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)逃犯的任何蹤跡。副詞，盡管About1000localworkerswereemployedinthetourismindustrylastyear.去年，大約1000名當?shù)貍€人受雇于旅游工業(yè)。固定詞組，雇傭在…行業(yè)AttheheartofDr.Piaget,stheorieswasanorderlyscheduleofstages,ofchildren'sperceptionsbyage.固定詞組，在…的中心Piaget博士的理論核心是孩子們按年齡接受事物，是一個有序的階段時刻表。SECTIONDTranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.TheuniquecontributionoftheUnitedStatestothosewholovethegreatoutdoorsaretheNationalParksandStateParks.Theyarebeautifullyorganizedandgiveparticularthoughttocampers.Therearealsocampsitesbythesea,whicharehiddenfromthebeachbyalionofsanddunes,orathickbeltoftrees.Whereveryougo,youcannearlyalwaysfindpicnicplacescompletewithwoodentables,benches,garbagecansandrestrooms.美國為野外活動愛好者所做的特殊貢獻是建立了眾多的國家公園和州立公園，這些公園布局漂亮，體現(xiàn)了對野營愛好者的特殊關愛。海邊也有許多野營營地。這些營地，或在海灘一連串的沙丘后，或在海灘茂密的林帶后面。無論你走到哪里，幾乎總能找到地方野餐，這些地方設備齊全，全都配有木制桌子、凳子、垃圾桶和洗手間。TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.世界上很少有國家能像美國這樣有如此多樣誘人的野外旅游資源。美國氣候多樣，風景秀麗，公路四通八達，人們可以驅車前往任何值得觀光的地方。許多美國人，無論老幼，都喜歡開野營車外出野營。有些老年退休夫婦將他們很大一部分的儲蓄存款用來購買這種“車上家園”。他們每年花半年時間漫游美國，享受野外的絢麗風光。FewcountrieshavesuchavariedandtemptingOutdoorsastheUSA.Ithasdifferentkindsofclimateandaspectacularlandscape.Freewaysandhighwaysleadyoutoanyplaceswheretherearethingsworthseeing.ManyAmericans,youngandold,prefercampinginvehiclescalled—campers”.Someretiredcouplesputalargepartoftheirsavingintosuch—homeonwheels“andspendhalfoftheyearroamingthecountry,enjoyingthegreatoutdoors.Unit4BiologyPrepareYourselfDoyouknow?antibiotic抗生素gene基因ElNino厄爾尼塔marine海產(chǎn)的，海運的,艦隊,海運業(yè)vitamin維生素Howdoyousayit?羊羔lamb山羊goat豬崽piglet奶牛cow牛犢calf家禽fowl哺乳動物mammal家畜domesticanimalsMakeupasentencePeriodsofgreatestshrinkagecoincidedwithELNinoevents,whenfoodsupplieswerediminished.身體收縮最大值與厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象的出現(xiàn)相一致。厄爾尼諾發(fā)生時，食物供應下降。Text1AnimalLifeDiscoverythenaturediscoveryyourself.SECTIONBII.VocabularystudyB.Completeeachofthefollowingsentencesbychoosingtherightwordorexpressionfrontheboxandmakechangeswherenecessary.clonedonationdonortransplant cattlerecipient克隆捐款捐贈者移植 牲口接受者mammalinitiatereverseatintervalslightup哺乳動物發(fā)起顛倒斷斷續(xù)續(xù)、時而不時照亮1、Thecostoffeedingfullygrowncattleforaperiodoftimecanbesignificant.一段時間內喂養(yǎng)完全成熟的牲口的成本是很大的。2、Nonsexualreproductionfromasingleparentisalreadypossibleandeverycloneproducedinthiswayisabsolutelyidenticaltotheparent.來自單親父母的無性繁殖已成為可能，每一個用這種方式制造的克隆人和他的父母完全相同。3、Formerstudentscollectedmoneyforscholarshipfund.Weareverygratefultothedonorsfortheirgenerousdonations.以前的學生籌錢用于獎學金基金。我們非常感謝這些捐贈者慷慨的捐款。注意加S,復數(shù)。4、Babyanimalsofmammalssuchasmice,cowsandmonkeysgetmilkfromtheirmothersbreasts.哺乳動物的幼仔如老鼠、奶牛和猴子從它們的母親胸脯汲取奶水。注意加S,復數(shù)。5、Wetransplantedthesmallpeachtreefromthebackofthehousetothefrontbecauseitdidnotgetenoughsunlightthere.我們將小桃樹從房子后面移植到前面，因為在那里它得不得足夠的陽光。注意過去時6、ShallwereversetheorderandputZatthebeginningofthisdictionary?我們能夠顛倒秩序，并將Z放在這個字典的開頭嗎？7、Thesearchlightlitupthewholearea.探照燈照亮了整個地區(qū)。過去時不規(guī)則動詞變形light-lit.8、Thegovernmentinitiatedalarge-scalecampaigntoeliminateilliteracy.政府發(fā)起了大規(guī)模掃盲戰(zhàn)役。注意過去時直接加d9、TherecipientsofNobelPrizearehonoredatspecialceremoniesinSwedenandNorway.諾貝爾將的接受者在瑞典和挪威榮幸地參加特殊典禮。注意加S，復數(shù)。10、Rainfellatirregularintervalsthroughoutthenight.雨斷斷續(xù)續(xù)下了一個晚上。SECTIONCIIPronunTheuseofpronounisratherconfusingfOrmanyEnglishlearners.Somemorerevisionwillhelpyouusethemcorrectly.Studythefollowingsentencesandthencompleteeachofthemwiththebestanswer.Nobodycanhelpbutbefascinatedbytheworldintowhichheistakenbysciencefiction.沒人能夠忍住不對科幻小說將他帶入的世界著迷。A.Everybody每個人 B.Anybody任何人C.Somebody某些人 D.Nobody沒人Heclaimedtobeanexpertinastronomy,butinfactheisquiteignorantonthesubject,whatlittleheknowsaboutitisoutofdateandinaccurate.需要what做引導詞 他聲稱是天文學的專家，但實際上他對該問題一無所知，他所知道的那么少的一點東西是過時的且不準確。A.whatlittle多么少的東西B.somuch那么多C.howmuch多少 D.solittle那么少Themanagjngdirectorrefusedtoacceptanyofthefourproposalsmadebythecontractors.管理主任拒絕締結合同方的四種建議中的任何一種。A.either兩者之一 B.neither兩者都不C.some一些（肯定） D.any任何一個（否定）ProfessorSmithimplied,butdidnotdirectlysay,thatAmericansaremoreconcernedwithmakingmoneythananythingelse.任何其他的事情史密斯教授暗示但沒有直接說美國關注賺錢勝過任何其他的東西。我們有贏得這場比賽的每一個可能性。就是完全有把握，但不能用all，因為句子是單數(shù)，前面有is.A.everythingelseB.somethingelseC.nothingelse D.anythingelseThereiseverypossibilityofourwinningthegame.A.none一個都沒有 B.all所有復數(shù)C.every每一個單數(shù) D.each每一個要加ofThreepeoplespokeatthemeeting,onewasalawyer.anotherateacher,andthethirdwasasocialworker.三個人在會上發(fā)言，一個是律師，另一個是老師，第三個是個社會工人。（一共三個人）A.other B.another另一個,三者之一C.theother另一個，兩者之一 D.others其他的復數(shù)Ihavebeentothedoctor,saboutmybackache,hesaysthereisnothingserious,butImustileupforafewdays.我已經(jīng)去醫(yī)生那里看過我的背痛，他說沒啥嚴重的，但我必須躺幾天。A.something某事 B.anything任何事情C.nothing沒什么事 D.everything每件事TheNewYorkTimeswillsooncarrycolouradvertisements;noneofthiswillmatterifnewspaperseventuallydisappear.紐約時報將很快刊登彩色廣告，如果報紙最終將消失的話，這沒有任何關系。A.no B.eitherC.none加of沒有任何 D.neitherWestoodup,thinkingthroughthepossibilities,Thereweren,tmany.前面有否定詞 我們站起來，考慮這件事的可能性，可能性不大。A.some一些B.much很多不可數(shù)C.few沒幾個D.many許多MeltonBrownwastheonlysalonproducingitsownshampoosandhair-careproducts,allbasedonherbalrecipes. 梅爾頓布朗是唯一一家生產(chǎn)自己的洗發(fā)水和護發(fā)品的廠家，所有產(chǎn)品都根據(jù)草藥配方制造。A.allB.everythingC.somethingD.muchSECTIONDI.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.Basically,allthenervouselementswhichunderlietheexperienceofpainbyhumanbeingsaretobefoundinallmammalianvertebratesatleast;thisishardlysurprisingaspainisaresponsetoapotentiallyharmfulstimulusandisthereforeofgreatbiologicalimportanceforsurvival.Isthereanyreason,forsupposingthatanimals,thoughequippedwithallthenecessaryneurologicalstructures,donotexperiencepain?Suchaviewwouldseemtopresupposeaprofoundqualitativedifferenceinthementallifeofanimalsandmen.一般來說，參與人體痛覺經(jīng)歷的神經(jīng)組織至少在哺乳類動物身上都可以找到，這并不令人驚訝，因為疼痛是一種對潛在危險刺激的反應，從而具有使動物生存下去的重要的生物學意義。那么，在動物擁有所有必要的神經(jīng)結構的情況下，我們有什么理由認為它們不能感受疼痛呢，那種認為動物不能感受疼痛的看法似乎認定動物和人在精神生活中存在本質的區(qū)別。TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.近年來科學家的發(fā)現(xiàn)使我們開始改變對動物的看法。原來動物與人類的相似之處比我們想象的要多得多。它們也能感受痛苦，體驗壓力，表達情感、興奮和愛?？茖W家通過對動物的認真觀察或檢測獲得它們的這些情感反應。現(xiàn)在尚不清楚家畜的這些反應是否會對其肉的品質產(chǎn)生影響。Animalsaremorelikeusthanweeverimagined.Theyfeelpain,theyexperiencestress,theyshowaffection,excitementandlove.Allthesefindingshavebeenmadebyscientistsinrecentyearsandsuchresultsarebeginningtochangehowweviewanimals.Scientistsobtainedthosereactionsofanimalsthroughcarefulobservationandlaboratorytesting.Itisstilluncertainifsuchreactionscoulddegradethemeatqualityoffarmanimals.Unit5BiographyPrepareYourselfDoyouknow?humility謙遜endeavorn&v努力、嘗試sincerity真誠真摯patriotism愛國主義faith信仰，信念divine神圣的，非凡的,崇高的reconcile調和，和解self-observation自我審視Howdoyousayit?善意goodwill,goodintentions高尚noble成就achievement,success,accomplishment抱負ambition,aspiration原則principle奉獻dedicate平等equality忠誠sincerity,loyalty,faithfulnessMakeupasentenceAmanmustobservetheebbandflowofeventsandactonwhathecandiscerninthetides.一個人必須觀察世事盛衰，并在時代潮流中根據(jù)自己的觀察而有年作為。Text1LincolninHistoryLifeismeasuredbythoughtandaction,notbytime.SECTIONBVocabularystudyA.Completeeachofthefollowingsentencesbychoosingtherightwordorexpressionfrontheboxandmakechangeswherenecessary.evolveconfine corruptendeavoraccountmixture演變限制 腐敗努力描述混合物depressionatrisktothefullinsightinto蕭條處于危險當中完全地洞察1.Janewasconfinedtobedduetoillnessforthreemonths.簡由于生病困在床上三個月。注意過去時直接加dManywomenlosttheirjobsduringtheeconomic depression.許多婦女在經(jīng)濟蕭條時期失去了工作。Thecorruptingeffectsofcompletepowerruinedmanypoliticians完全權力的腐蝕作用毀了許多政治家。現(xiàn)在分詞作定語加ing.