對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易金融學(xué)綜合答案歷年考研真題2010-筆記加

對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)2003年攻讀入學(xué)考試一、填空（1.59是（），另一種是（。（正常關(guān)稅一般是指（三、單項(xiàng)選擇題（每題1.5分，共6分1.在廠商的長(zhǎng)期均衡產(chǎn)量上可以有C.PLACD.2.某一國(guó)家或地區(qū)為確定貨物的"國(guó)籍"而實(shí)施的普遍適用的法律、及行政決定。C.某一國(guó)家或地區(qū)為確定貨物的原材料產(chǎn)地而實(shí)施的普遍適用的法律、及行政決定。D.某一國(guó)家或地區(qū)為確定貨物的技術(shù)來(lái)源地而實(shí)施的普遍適用的法律、及行政決定。3.轉(zhuǎn)移支 A.物資及其有關(guān)的先進(jìn)技術(shù)資料，如，軍事設(shè)備等B.C.C.假設(shè)一個(gè)廠商的需求曲線為P103Q，成本函數(shù)為TCQ2 英鎊/1.5600－1.5620 50－40points按上述即期匯率，我國(guó)一個(gè)紡織品出口公司出口一批服裝原報(bào)價(jià)每箱8000英鎊，現(xiàn)let'sreallycleanupthoseLittlenoticedintheshockofInc.'smassiveaccountingfraudisthatitcametolightonlyafterareviewinitiatedbythecompany'sauditcommittee.Yes,believeitornot,thedirectorsintheboardroomactuallyaskedtheirauditorstotakeanotherlookatthenumbers.Loandbehold,thatreviewlettothelargestsinglerestatementever:a$3.8billionreductioninpreviouslyreportedpretaxe.TogetherwithXeroxCorp'srecentconcessionthatitoverstatedoperatingearningsby$1.4billion,thesetwocorporatemeaculpasalonenearlymatchthecombinedtotalhitof$5.8billionfromall463restatementsin1998,1999,and2000.Howmuchworsecanitget?Plenty.It'snotthatwe'lllikelyseenumbersasbreathtakingasthoseasorXerox.Butexpectatidalwaveofrestatementstocomeinwhatwillsurelyamounttosomesortofaccountingchatharsis.Ifeveroffinancialreportinghasvariedwidely.Somecompaniesdidthebareminimumtomeetaccountingstandards.Othersweremorecautious.Togetbeyondthecurrentstockmarketmalaise,companiesneedtoflushouttheexcessessoinvestorscanregaintheirconfidenceinourfinancialsystem.It'sbettertotakeahitnowthanriskdraggingthisoutoverthenextfewyears.Happybirthday,MiltonMiltonFriedman'sprofessionalcareerhasbeenmarkedbycontroversyoverhismanypolicyproposals.Yetasheapproacheshis90thbirthday,Friedmanisincreasinglyrecognizedasthemostinfluentialeconomistina20thcenturythatwitnessedtoweringcontributionsfromJohnMaynardKeynes,PaulA.Samuelson,andFriedmanisbestknownfor"monetarism",aviewthatstabilityinthegrowthofthemoneysupplyiscrucialtocontrollinginflationandrecessions.Althoughtherelationbetweenthemoneysupplyandtheeconomyhasoftenbeenhighlyvariable,nolessanauthoritythanFederalReserveChairmanAlanGreenspanhasindicatedthatFriedman'semphasisonastablemonetaryframeworkwasinstrumentalinguidingcentralbanksinEuropeandtheU.S.towardlowinflationduringthepasstwodecades.BeforeFriedman,economicconventionalwisdomheldthatinflationreducesunemploymentbecausepricesrisefasterthanlaborcosts.Inthelate1960s,Friedmanarguedinsteadthatthereisnopermanentreductioninunemploymentfromcontinuinginflationbecausewageseventuallycatchuptopricesasexpectationsaboutnflationemoreaccurate.Hisysishasbeenvalidatedtwicesincethen----bythehighU.S.the'90eventhoughinflationwasTwodecadesbeforeChileintroducesitsrevolutionaryprivateindividualaccountretirementsystem,Friedman'sclassic1962bookCapitalismandFreedomcriticizedtheprevailingpay-as-you-goSocialSecuritysystemsforrestrictingandformixingawelfareprogramforelderlypoorwithacompulsoryprogramthatappliestoalltheelderly.Hashisadvicebeenfollowedtwentyyearsago,therewouldbenoimpendingSocialSecurityfinancingcrisisintheU.S.andotherdevelopednationswithagingpopulation.AreForceMajeureClausesExclusionInordertodifferentiateanexclusionorlimitationclausefromaforcemajeureclausewemustfirstdefineexactlywhatwemeanbyexclusionclausesandexaminetheireffectonthecontractualrelationsoftheparties.Wemightthenusefullycomparetheoperationofexceptionclausestothatofforcemajeureclauses.Atripartitedistinctionbetweendifferenttypesofclausewasasfollows:"whatwouldotherwisebethedefendant'sduty;second,thosewhichexcludethedefendant'sliabilityforbreachofspecifiedaspectsofthatduty,andthird,thosewhichlimittheextenttowhichthedefendantisboundtoindemnifytheplaintiffinrespectoftheconsequencesofbreachesofthatduty."Thedifferencebetweenthefirsttwocategoriesissaidtobethis:inthefirstcasethereisnobreachofcontractsincethereisnoobligationtoperforminthecircumstanceswhichhavearisen,whilstinthesecondcasethereisabreachbuttheliabilitytopaydamagesinrespectofithasbeenremoved.Forcemajeureclauses,itseems,gotolimittheextentoftheobligationassumedbythepromisor.Theydonotoperatesoastoshieldapromisorfromliabilityforabreachofcontract.Aforcemajeureclausewillensurethatnon-performanceisnobreachbecausenoperformancewasdueinthecircumstancesthathaveoccurred.答案部對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)2003年攻讀入學(xué)考試一、填空（1.59是（，另一種是（。正常關(guān)稅一般是指（最惠答案；1.無(wú)差異曲線預(yù)算線 2.公開市場(chǎng)業(yè)務(wù) 3.最惠4.邊際投資 5.份額Quota二、判斷下列各題的敘述是否正確，正確的劃勾，錯(cuò)誤的劃差（每小題1.5分，共9分答案 3. 三、單項(xiàng)選擇題（每1.5分，共6分1.在廠商的長(zhǎng)期均衡產(chǎn)量上可以有C.PLACD.2.B.某一國(guó)家或地區(qū)為確定貨物的"國(guó)籍"而實(shí)施的普遍適用的法律、及行政決定。C.某一國(guó)家或地區(qū)為確定貨物的原材料產(chǎn)地而實(shí)施的普遍適用的法律、及行政決定。D.某一國(guó)家或地區(qū)為確定貨物的技術(shù)來(lái)源地而實(shí)施的普遍適用的法律、及行政決定。3.答案 轉(zhuǎn)移支 A.物資及其有關(guān)的先進(jìn)技術(shù)資料，如，軍事設(shè)備等B.C.A.兩角套匯B.三角套匯C.D.套期保值 五、簡(jiǎn)單準(zhǔn)確解釋下列名詞（每題4分，共20分

R和D

為存款準(zhǔn)備金，re1

，其中rc為現(xiàn)金－存款比率。此時(shí)，僅把活期存CuM Cu rc CuRd Cu

D

rcrd局部均衡和一般均衡：（1）（partialequilibrium）是指不考慮所分析的商品（2）一般均衡（generalequilibrium）是指在一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)體系中，所有市場(chǎng)的供給和需求同時(shí)trade：（1）有利于銀行和地方的協(xié)調(diào)，適合本地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的需要；（2）對(duì)的控制（的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。票據(jù)便利:又稱票據(jù)設(shè)施或票據(jù)融資安排，是一項(xiàng)具有法律約束力的域創(chuàng)新工具之一，產(chǎn)生于20世紀(jì)80年代初期。在1982年國(guó)際爆發(fā)以后，票據(jù)設(shè)施的發(fā)展十分迅速。票據(jù)設(shè)施所的票據(jù)面額較大，一般為10萬(wàn)。由六、簡(jiǎn)述題（每題10分，共20分的資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表有哪些主要內(nèi)容？它們是如何影響貨幣流通的？再貼現(xiàn)與再。前者是商業(yè)銀行將已同客戶辦理過貼現(xiàn)的未到期的商業(yè)票據(jù)向（2）債券與借款。這實(shí)際上是央行的公開市場(chǎng)業(yè)務(wù)。當(dāng)一國(guó)的財(cái)政發(fā)影響則依公債主體不同而異。當(dāng)公債由直接時(shí)，持有的民、工商企業(yè)和商業(yè)銀行，把支出對(duì)貨幣供給的影響對(duì)沖掉，以保證貨幣政策的獨(dú)立性。央銀行直接國(guó)債。我國(guó)亦于1995年正式頒布《銀行法》，明確規(guī)定我國(guó)銀外匯與黃金儲(chǔ)備。本身不參與性的活動(dòng)，因?yàn)樗钟械耐夥诺慕Y(jié)構(gòu)中占有越來(lái)越重要的地位。其影響貨幣供給量的機(jī)制如下：1994年新的外匯體制外匯結(jié)算周轉(zhuǎn)余額比例管理。19967月又將外商投資企業(yè)納入了結(jié)售匯體系，外商投資20世紀(jì)80年代，以克魯格曼)、赫爾普曼等為代表的對(duì)各種新的貿(mào)易理論進(jìn)行綜合，創(chuàng)立了所謂的“新貿(mào)易理論”(Neo-tradetheory)。在新貿(mào)易理論的基礎(chǔ)上，市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)理論為研究工具，提出了性貿(mào)易政策理論(StrategicTradePolicy)。該理論。既生，以全收是該的潤(rùn)。該模型突破了傳統(tǒng)最優(yōu)關(guān)稅理論關(guān)于只有大國(guó)才有可能用關(guān)稅來(lái)改善其貿(mào)易條件的限七、論述與分析題（第116分，第210分，共26分假設(shè)一個(gè)廠商的需求曲線為P103Q，成本函數(shù)為TCQ2利潤(rùn)Q=2，P=10－3Q=4R=0 英鎊/1.5600－1.5620 50－40points因此，應(yīng)報(bào)的數(shù)＝80001.5612480.外貿(mào)公司需要將外匯賣給銀行，所以采用的是1.56。八、專業(yè)英語(yǔ)（英譯中，第115分，第215分，第320分，共50分let'sreallycleanupthosenumbersLittlenoticedintheshockof Inc.'smassiveaccountingfraudisthatitcametolightonlyafterareviewinitiatedbythecompany'sauditcommittee.Yes,believeitornot,thedirectorsintheboardroomactuallyaskedtheirauditorstotakeanotherlookatthenumbers.Loandbehold,thatreviewlettothelargestsinglerestatementever:a$3.8billionreductioninpreviouslyreportedpretax e.TogetherwithXeroxCorp'srecentconcessionthatitoverstatedoperatingearningsby$1.4billion,thesetwocorporatemeaculpasalonenearlymatchthecombinedtotalhitof$5.8billionfromall463restatementsin1998,1999,and2000.Howmuchworsecanitget?Plenty.It'snotthatwe'lllikelyseenumbersasbreathtakingasthoseas orXerox.Butexpectatidalwaveofrestatementstocomeinwhatwillsurelyamounttosomesortofaccountingchatharsis.Ifevertherewasatimeforcompaniestocomeclean,it'snow.Overtheyears,thequalityoffinancialreportinghasvariedwidely.Somecompaniesdidthebareminimumtomeetaccountingstandards.Othersweremorecautious.Togetbeyondthecurrentstockmarketmalaise,companiesneedtoflushouttheexcessessoinvestorscanregaintheirconfidenceinourfinancialsystem.It'sbettertotakeahitnowthanriskdraggingthisoutoverthenextfewyears.參考譯文讓我們現(xiàn)在認(rèn)真清理那些數(shù)據(jù)在一起，單單這兩個(gè)公司的錯(cuò)賬就幾乎等于1998年、 新制作財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告糾正的58億錯(cuò)賬之和了。MiltonFriedman'sprofessionalcareerhasbeenmarkedbycontroversyoverhismanypolicyproposals.Yetasheapproacheshis90thbirthday,Friedmanisincreasinglyrecognizedasthemostinfluentialeconomistina20thcenturythatwitnessedtoweringcontributionsfromJohnMaynardKeynes,PaulA.Samuelson,andothers.Friedmanisbestknownfor"monetarism",aviewthatstabilityinthegrowthofthesupplyiscrucialtocontrollinginflationandrecessions.Althoughtherelationbetweenthemoneysupplyandtheeconomyhasoftenbeenhighlyvariable,nolessanauthoritythanFederalReserveChairmanAlanGreenspanhasindicatedthatFriedman'semphasisonastablemonetaryframeworkwasinstrumentalinguidingcentralbanksinEuropeandtheU.S.towardlowinflationduringthepasstwodecades.BeforeFriedman,economicconventionalwisdomheldthatinflationreducesunemploymentbecausepricesrisefasterthanlaborcosts.Inthelate1960s,Friedmanarguedinsteadthatthereisnopermanentreductioninunemploymentfromcontinuinginflationbecausewageseventuallycatchuptopricesasexpectationsaboutinflation emoreaccurate.Hisysishasbeenvalidatedtwicesincethen----bythehighU.S.unemploymentduringthe1970sdespiterapidinflation,andthelowemploymentduringthe'90eventhoughinflationwasnegligible.TwodecadesbeforeChileintroducesitsrevolutionaryprivateindividualaccountretirementsystem,Friedman'sclassic1962bookCapitalismandFreedomcriticizedtheprevailingpay-as-you-goSocialSecuritysystemsforrestrictingtheabilityofindividualstochoosehowmuchandinwhatformtosaveforretirement,andformixingawelfareprogramforelderlypoorwithacompulsoryprogramthatappliestoalltheelderly.Hashisadvicebeenfollowedtwentyyearsago,therewouldbenoimpendingSocialSecurityfinancingcrisisintheU.S.andotherdevelopednationswithagingpopulation.參考譯文密爾頓·弗里德曼，生日快樂90歲大壽，弗里德曼越來(lái)越被看作是20世紀(jì)中自約翰·梅納德·凱恩斯、·A·薩繆行在過去的20年中取得低通貨膨脹的成績(jī)。勞動(dòng)成本。20世紀(jì)60年代末，弗里德曼認(rèn)為并非如此。他認(rèn)為持續(xù)通貨膨脹不會(huì)降低的分析曾兩度得到驗(yàn)證——70年代與高通貨膨脹相伴的高失業(yè)率和90年代與低通貨膨在智利開始建立性的私人個(gè)人退休賬戶制度20年之前，弗里德曼1962年的經(jīng)典著的強(qiáng)制退休金制度在一起。若是人們?cè)?0年前就聽從了他的建議，人口化的AreForceMajeureClausesExclusionInordertodifferentiateanexclusionorlimitationclausefromaforcemajeureclausewemustfirstdefineexactlywhatwemeanbyexclusionclausesandexaminetheireffectonthecontractualrelationsoftheparties.Wemightthenusefullycomparetheoperationofexceptionclausestothatofforcemajeureclauses.Atripartitedistinctionbetweendifferenttypesofclausewasasfollows:"c