考博英語(yǔ)寫作閱讀翻譯

2011考博英語(yǔ)寫作，閱讀，翻譯第三章寫作部分64第一部分考博寫作簡(jiǎn)介64第二部分寫作常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤分析70一、語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤70二、用詞錯(cuò)誤72三、表達(dá)錯(cuò)誤72四、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)以及大小寫錯(cuò)誤73第三部分考博寫作題型分類74一、闡述觀點(diǎn)型74二、陳述利弊型76三、解決問(wèn)題型77四、諺語(yǔ)警句型78五、圖表圖畫型79六、書信型83七、讀后感型85第四部分考博寫作范文93一、闡述觀點(diǎn)型93二、陳述利弊型102三、解決問(wèn)題型106四、諺語(yǔ)警句型108五、圖表圖畫型111六、書信型117七、讀后感型122八、文章摘要型123第五部分英文寫作用詞練習(xí)127一、用詞準(zhǔn)確化127二、用詞多樣化127第六部分英文句子寫作練習(xí)129一、復(fù)合句129二、復(fù)雜的簡(jiǎn)單句132三、省略句134四、倒裝句135五、被動(dòng)句136六、否定句137七、強(qiáng)調(diào)句137第七部分寫作常用句型及關(guān)聯(lián)詞138一、常用句型138二、關(guān)聯(lián)詞152附：考博寫作真題1531．(清華大學(xué)2004)1532．(清華大學(xué)2003)1533．(清華大學(xué)2002)1534．(北京大學(xué)2004)1535．(北京大學(xué)2003)1536．(北京大學(xué)2002)1537．(人民大學(xué)2004)1548．(人民大學(xué)2003)1549．(人民大學(xué)2002)15410．(武漢大學(xué)2004)15411．(武漢大學(xué)2003)15412．(武漢大學(xué)2002)15413．(湖北省2004)15414．(湖北省2003)15515．(湖北省2002)15516．(南開(kāi)大學(xué)2003)15517．(上海交通大學(xué)2003)15518．(上海交通大學(xué)2002秋)15519．(上海交通大學(xué)2002春)15520．(復(fù)旦大學(xué)2003)15621．(復(fù)旦大學(xué)2002)15622．(上海理工大學(xué)2004)15623．(四川大學(xué)2004)15624．(西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)2004)15625．(西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)2003)15626．(電子科技大學(xué)2004)15627．(電子科技大學(xué)2003)15728．(電子科技大學(xué)2002)15729．(中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)2003)15730．(中國(guó)科學(xué)院2004．3)15731．(中國(guó)科學(xué)院2003．10)15732．(中國(guó)科學(xué)院2003．3)15733．(中國(guó)科學(xué)院2002．10)15834．(中國(guó)科學(xué)院2002．3)15835．(廈門大學(xué)2004)15836．(廈門大學(xué)2003)15837．(廈門大學(xué)2002)158第三章寫作部分第一部分考博寫作簡(jiǎn)介通用考博寫作英語(yǔ)寫作簡(jiǎn)介六字方針：少出錯(cuò)，多出彩camera

videoanincreasingnumberof

digitalproductshavegainedincreasingpopularity

input語(yǔ)言材料的輸入隨著現(xiàn)代科技的發(fā)展，我們生活中出現(xiàn)了越來(lái)越多的數(shù)碼產(chǎn)品。Withthedevelopmentofthemodernsociety,moreandmoredigitaltoolshaveappearedinourlife.寫作類型一、闡述觀點(diǎn)型（一）對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)型

1．ShouldCollegeStudentsBeAllowedtoGetMarried?（二）單一觀點(diǎn)型

1．ImportedProducts二、陳述利弊型

1．WhatKindofRoleShouldExaminationPlayinEducation?三、解決問(wèn)題型

1．SayNotoFakeMedicine四、諺語(yǔ)警句型

1．HasteMakesWaste五、圖表圖畫型

（一）圖表題

2．ChangesintheOwnershipofHousesinChina(a)（二）圖畫題

1．OnSupportingtheOld六、書信型

3．

4．

8．七、讀后感型

1．TheGoalofLife八、文章摘要型九、其他寫作基礎(chǔ)—單詞balcony包廂背單詞的四個(gè)方面

1、知道讀音phenomenon現(xiàn)象

2、知道詞形：

不同詞性，名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞fartherfurther3、知道詞義

gameobserve4、知道詞的用法

attach系隸屬于attachimportanceto重視練習(xí)atleast10考博寫作整體介紹出題1、教育科研

2、社會(huì)生活

3、人生哲理23．(四川大學(xué))

Directions:ItisknownthatmoreandmoreuniversitiesinChinaareseekingtoincreasetheirenrollment.Asaresult,morethaneveruniversitiesarebecomingcareer-oriented.Writeacomposition“University:WhereWillYouGo?”with300wordstogiveyourcomment.2．（北京大學(xué)2005）

Directions:Writeashortcompositionofabout250to300wordsonthetopicgivenbelow.AndwritethecompositionontheANSWERSHEET.（15%）

Topic:IsEnglishLanguageTeachingOveremphasizedinChineseEducation?6．（湖北省2004）

Directions:Inthissectionyouarerequiredtowriteanessayinaccordancewithfollowingrequirements.

A．Title:ShouldAllCollegeCoursesBeSpecificallyRelatedtoaFutureOccupation?

B．Timelimit:40minutes

C．Wordlimit:180～200words

D．YourcompositionmustbewrittenontheANSWERSHEET．5．（中國(guó)科學(xué)院2003．10）

Directions:Writeanessayofnolessthan200wordsonthetopicbelow.UsetheproperspaceonyourAnswerSheetⅡ.

MyIdeaofProfessionalEthicsforaScientist.中國(guó)傳媒大學(xué)2008

Directions:Writeacompositionofabout250wordson"OnlineSharingCulture".Yourcompositionistoinclude3paragraphs:

1)Inthefirstparagraph,stateyourpointofview.

2)Inthesecondparagraph,supportyouviewwithappropriatedetails.

3)Inthethirdparagraph,bringyourcompositiontoanaturalconclusion.20．(復(fù)旦大學(xué)2003)

Directions:Writeacompositionofabout180wordsonthetopicTheValueofFailure.YourcompositionshouldbewrittenonAnswerSheetII.中國(guó)藝術(shù)研究院（2007）

Directions:Inthispart,youaretowriteacompositionbasedonthefollowinginformation.

SomepeoplearguethatitisunnecessaryforadoctoralstudentofartstospendmuchtimestudyingEnglish.Whatdoyouthink?Writeacompositionentitled"MyOpiniononEnglishStudyforDoctoralStudentsofArts".Providedetailsinsupportofyourargument.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEETwithnolessthan200words.4．(北京大學(xué)2004)

Directions:Writeashortcompositionofabout250to300wordsonthetopicgivenbelow.AndwritethecompositionontheANSWERSHEET.(15％)Topic:EpidemicDiseasesandPublicHealthCrises形式：九類

一、闡述觀點(diǎn)型

（一）對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)型

（二）單一觀點(diǎn)型二、陳述利弊型三、解決問(wèn)題型四、諺語(yǔ)警句型

五、圖表圖畫型六、書信型

七、讀后感型

八、文章摘要型

九、其他時(shí)間和字?jǐn)?shù)

時(shí)間：30-40分鐘

字?jǐn)?shù)：200-300詞改卷高分策略

1、字跡清楚，段落明朗

2、內(nèi)容完整，緊扣提綱

3、首保正確，再求閃光

4、先總后分，連詞用上（段落）

firstlyfirstofallaboveallinthefirstplace二、關(guān)聯(lián)詞

1)表示列舉或次序：first,firstly,firstofall,aboveall,tobeginwith，inthefirstplace,foronething;second,secondly,inthesecondplace,foranother;finally,lastbutnotleast寫作評(píng)分在博士研究生入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試題中，寫作屬于必考項(xiàng)目。寫作部分的目的是測(cè)試考生用英語(yǔ)書面表達(dá)思想的一般能力。考試時(shí)間一般為30分鐘。多數(shù)學(xué)校要求考生寫出一篇約250詞左右的短文。寫作題型一般為命題作文，以議論文為主。試卷上可能給出題目、情景或?qū)懽魈峋V，要求寫出短文；或給出文章（中文或英文）或圖表，要求寫出評(píng)論。寫作要求切題，能正確表達(dá)思想，意義連貫，無(wú)重大語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤。以下為評(píng)分原則、評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及評(píng)分實(shí)例。評(píng)分原則1．作文的評(píng)分重點(diǎn)在于內(nèi)容的完整性、文章的組織連貫性、語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯的多樣性及語(yǔ)言的準(zhǔn)確性。2．拼寫與標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)是語(yǔ)言準(zhǔn)確性的一個(gè)方面。評(píng)分時(shí)，視其對(duì)交際的影響程度予以考慮。英、美拼寫及詞匯用法均可接受。3．如書寫較差，以致影響交際，將分?jǐn)?shù)降低一個(gè)檔次。4．文章長(zhǎng)度不符合要求的，酌情扣分。5．評(píng)分時(shí)，先根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容和語(yǔ)言確定其所屬檔次，然后以該檔次的要求來(lái)給分．評(píng)分人員在檔內(nèi)有1分的調(diào)節(jié)分。評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)第一檔（14分）很好地完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)?！袃?nèi)容要點(diǎn)；—使用豐富的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯；—語(yǔ)言自然流暢，語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤極少；—有效地采用了多種銜接手法，文字連貫，層次清晰；第二檔（11分）較好地完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)?！袃?nèi)容要點(diǎn)；—使用較豐富的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯；—語(yǔ)言基本準(zhǔn)確，只有在試圖使用較復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)或較高級(jí)詞匯時(shí)才有個(gè)別語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤；—采用了適當(dāng)?shù)你暯邮址?，層次清晰，組織較嚴(yán)密；第三檔（8分）基本完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。—雖漏掉一些內(nèi)容，但包含多數(shù)內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)；—應(yīng)用的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯能滿足任務(wù)的需求；—有一些語(yǔ)法及詞匯錯(cuò)誤，但不影響理解?！捎昧撕?jiǎn)單的銜接手法，內(nèi)容較連貫，層次較清晰；第四檔（5分）未能按要求完成試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)?！┑艋蛭茨苡行шU述一些內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)，寫了一些無(wú)關(guān)內(nèi)容；—語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)單調(diào)、詞匯項(xiàng)目有限；—有較多語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)及詞匯方面的錯(cuò)誤，影響了對(duì)寫作內(nèi)容的理解；—未采用恰當(dāng)?shù)你暯邮址ǎ瑑?nèi)容缺少連貫性；第五檔（2分）未能完成試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)；—明顯遺漏主要內(nèi)容，且有許多不相關(guān)的內(nèi)容；—語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目和詞匯的使用單調(diào)、重復(fù)；—語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤多，有礙讀者對(duì)內(nèi)容的理解，語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力差；—未采用任何銜接手法，內(nèi)容不連貫，缺少組織、分段。（所傳達(dá)的信息或所使用語(yǔ)言太少，無(wú)法評(píng)價(jià)者，內(nèi)容與要求無(wú)關(guān)或無(wú)法辨認(rèn)者得0分。）評(píng)分實(shí)例實(shí)例一Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicItPaystoBeHonest.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsandbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegiveninChinesebelow:1．當(dāng)今社會(huì)上存在著很多不誠(chéng)實(shí)的現(xiàn)象。2．誠(chéng)實(shí)利人利己，做人應(yīng)該誠(chéng)實(shí)。①Inourmodernsociallife,therearemanyexamplesaroundusshowmanypeoplearecheated.Advertisementscheatpeople,salesmencheatpeople,evenone'sclosestfriendscheathimorher.Somanyheartbreaksareheardeverydaythatwecannothelpasking:whereisourhonestexist?Everybodyistaughthonestintheprimaryschooloreveninthekindergarten.Honestydoesgoodnotonlytoourselves,buttoothersaswell.Ifwearehonesttoothers.Wewillbehappierandbeinabettermood.Otherwise,we'llfeelguiltatlast.Toacompanyanditsadvertisement,honestywillbringitmoreconsumerandmoreprofit.Ifwecheatothers,friendswillneverbelieveyouandtheywillleaveyoualone.Toacompany,noconsumerwillbuyyourproductagain.So,astheaboveissaid,itpaystobehonest.Let'screateamorallyoutstandingsocial.②Althoughhonestyisbelievedtobeavirtue,therearestilldishonestpeopleinoursociety.Forexample,somebusinessmensellfakeproducttotheirconsumers;somestudentscheatintheexams.Dishonestpeopleareshort-sighted.Thosewhosellfakeproductsmaymakemoneyatfirst,butconsumerswon'tbuytheirproductsanymore.Asaresult,theywilllosetheirfortuneorevenbesenttoprison.Bycontrast,honestpeoplegainalot.Thosewhoalwaystelltruthorkeeptotheirpromisenotonlyletotherstrustthembutgainrespectfromotherpeopleaswell.Suchpersonsaresuretohavealotofgoodfriends.Becausetheyaretrustableandrespectable,everyoneiseagertomakefriendswiththem.Besides,itiseasierforapersonwithagoodrecordtogetagoodjob.Generallyspeaking,everyemployerwantshisemployeestobehonest.Sowecansaythatanyonewhoishonestwillbepaidbacklater.Inaword,honestywinstrust,respectandhonour.Soitisimportantthatweshouldbehonest.③Withthedevelopmentofmoderneconomicandindustry,competitiveisbecomingmoreandmoreobvious.Atthesametime,theperformanceofdishonestisbecomingmoreandmoreclearly.Nowadays,therearemanydishonestperformanceinoursociety.Forexample,somepeoplefoundthathesaledgoodshadpastthepreservationdate.Notthrowthemaway,theyrevisedtheperservationdate,andsaledthemagainafterseveraldays.Anothercaseinthepoint,apairofshoeswasmadefromgoat.However,inordertosaleatahighprice,thesalerswouldsaytheyweremadefromcowwhichhasgoodquality.Fromtheforegoing,wecanseethatdishonestdosenotonlyharmtoyourselvesbutalsoharmtoothers.Anditisnouseonlyrealisetheharmnessofdishonest.Weshouldbehonestfromnowonandbehonestinourdailylife.Itisonlythatpeopleallovertheworldarehonestthemourcountrywillbebeautifulandwealthy.④Nowinoursociety,manypeoplearenothonestindoingsoming.Weoftencanmeetwithsominghappenedcausebypeoplewhoarenothonest.Forexample,Nowwetakethebusneedcarrycentsown,andwhenyouupstairsthebus,youshouldputthecentintothemoneybox.Everypeopledothat,butsomeofthepeopleputtheotherthingsinsteadthecents.Foranotherexample,itismorenormalthatintheexamswecanalwaysfindsomestudentsseeothers.Iconsiderthateverypeopleshouldbehonest.Asapeople,honestshouldbefirst,becauseitcanmakeustobeincreaseandmakeoursocitydevelop.Indoingeverythingweshouldbehonestall,study,word,lifeandsoon.Ifyouarehonest,everypeoplewillbefriendtoyou,andwhowillregardyouaregoodpeople.Butifyoudon'tbehonest,peoplemustunwillingtotrathwithyou.Soifyouarewanttobeagoodpeople,rememberhonestfirst.⑤Nowadays,manypeoplechoosenottobehonestinourmodernsociety.Wealmostcanfindsuchthingseverydayofourlife:somestudentscheatintheexamforhighermarks;somecorporationstellwrongdatatothepublicinordertogetmoreinvestment;andsomedoctorstreattheirpatientswithunnecessaryandexpensivemedicinesinordertomakemoney,sometimesdamagedthepatients'health,eventheirlife.Seeingthissituation.Ithinkitmustbechanged.Beinghonestwillbenefitnotonlyothers,butalsoourselves.First,yourhonestywillmakeotherswillingtotrustyou.Second,beinghonestcanleadyoutofaceyourproblembravely,whichhelpstosolveit.Andthelast,honestsurelyhelpstomakethesocietymoreharmony.So.Ithinkeveryoneshouldstarttobehonestandeveryoneshouldhavetheideathatoursocietycannotdowithouthonesty.實(shí)例二Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicReadingSelectivelyOrExtensively?Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsandbaseyourcompositionontheoutline（giveninChinese）below:1．有些人認(rèn)為應(yīng)該有選擇性地讀書。2．有些人則認(rèn)為應(yīng)該博覽群書。3．我的觀點(diǎn)。①Whenitcomestoreading,somepeoplethinkthatreadingselectivelyisagoodway,butsomeotherpeopledonotagreewiththem,theythinkthatreadingextensivelyisbetter.Thosepeople,whothinkthatreadingselectivelyisbetter,believethatgoodbooksareasmanyasbadbooks.Thosegoodbookscangiveuspleasureandknowledge,whilethosebadbookscanonlyleadustothewrongway.So,theysuggestthatweshouldonlychoosethegoodbookstoreadandnevertouchthebadbooks.But,theotherpeople,whoholdthatreadingextensivelyisbetter,thinkthatonekindofbookscanonlygiveusoneaspectofknowledge.Eventhebestbookonlycontainsonefieldofinformation.So,theycaneasilycometotheconclusionthat“toknowmore,toreadmore”.Sotheybelievethatreadingextensivelyisbetter.Tomypoint,weshouldchoosegoodbookstoreadandreadgoodbooksasmanyaspossible.Bythisway,wecanincreasethequalityandquantityofreading.②Ithinkreadingnotonlyselectivelybutalsoextensively.Becausethetwosidesarenotcontradict.Ourtimeislimited.Sowecannotreadeverybookintheworld.However,wewillnotbeinterestedineverybook.Weshouldreadthosebooksmaybeusefultoours,readthosebookswhichwelike.Butthosebookswhichwechoosemustbeextensivelysoitcangiveoursallkindsofknowledge,newsandsoon,italsomakeoursbecomeawiseman.Ontheonehandreadingselectivelyletoursnotwasteourtimewhichitislimitted.Moreoveritcanemphasisamongallbooksthatwecanread.Ontheotherhandreadingextensivelycandealwithallkindsofneedinourlife.Theyareallusefultoours.③Mostpeoplethoughtthatreadbooksshouldhavebeenselectived.Butothersbelivedreadingextentivelywascorrection.Selectivebooksorreadingextensively?Sure,youcanchoiceonefrompreviousideas,ononehand,Therearetoobooktoreadforus.Weshouldchoosethosewhichweintrested,anditwouldbehelpfulforus.onanotherhand.Someone'sintrestingwaswide.Eachbookcouldbringyouspecificcontainwecouldn'treadingatonlyonelevel.Iconfirmedalloftheseideasweregoodbutweren'twise.Asareader,themaintaskistodiscovermoreandmorebooksthesecondtaskistoheldsomewhichwonderfulandhelpfulforus.Don'ttreatthesebookswithracklessabandon.Thebesttechnologyofreadingisconnect.④Howshouldweread?Shouldwereadselectivelyorextensively?Everyonehashisownview.Somepeoplethinkweshouldreadselectively.Theyarguethatwiththedevelopmentofmodemscienceandtechnology,moreandmorebooksarepublished.Itisimpossibleforustoreadallthebooks.What'smore,therearemanybadbooksthatarepoisonoustoourmind,andweshouldn'treadthem.Sincewecan'treadallthebooksandweshouldn'treadbadbooks,wemustreadselectively.Butothersmaynotagree.Theyemphasizethattoday'ssocietyisnotwhatitwasIfonemanhasmanykindsofknowledgehe'llhavemorechancestosucceed.Ifamanknowsmuchinonefieldbutknowsnothinginotherfields,hemaybeuseless.Sincewemusthavemanykindsofknowledge,wemustreadextensively.Who'sright?Ithinkbothofthemhavesomethingright.ButIthinkweshouldreadextensivelyfirst.Weshouldreadbooksinmanyfields,andreadselectivelyinonefield.⑤Somepeoplethinkreadingshallbechoosed.Becausesomebooksaregoodtohummenbeingsandsomebooksareharmfultopeople.Somepeoplethinkthatmenshoudreadbookswidely.Becausewidereadingcanhelpmangetmuchknowledge.Andmancanuseittochangetheworld.Itismypointthatreadingmustbeselectively.Becausereadingisimportanttoman.Somebookscanhelpmanbutsomebookscanleadsomepeopletocrime.ItcanbeseeninthenewspapersandwatchedonTV.Wecanmakefulluseofsomegoodbooksandgainmoreusefulknowledge.Itcanmakeourlifemorebeauiful.Wemustgiveupthoseunhelpfulbooks.Theyarenotgoodtous.Readingthemiswastingtimeandmoney.Soreadingselectivelyisanimportantpartinreading.第二部分寫作常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤分析一、語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤（一）句子結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤1．主從句疊置1）TherearemoreandmorepeopleliketochatontheInternet.2）Buttherearestillmanyproblemsshouldbenotedandresolved.2．簡(jiǎn)單句疊置1）Ilikedancingverymuch,Igotodanceeveryweekend.2）Ihave2moreyearsbeforegraduation,bythenIshallhavereachedmygoals.3．從句疊置Asisknowntoallofusthatscienceandtechnologyplayanimportantroleinthedevelopmentofsociety.4．句子成分缺失1）Ifworkhard,wewillsurelybesuccessful.2）EverywherecanfindskyscrapersandflyoversinBeijingtoday.3）Theapplesfivedollarsperkilo./Thisgirlverybeautiful.4）Finally,theservice.Thecanteenworkersaren'tpatientenoughwhenservingus.（二）動(dòng)詞形式錯(cuò)誤1．時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤ManypeoplethoughtthattheInternetwillbemoreusefulinthefuture.2．語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤1）Ihaveexcitedforseveraldaysatthenewsthatyouwillcomehere.2）Mostofthestudentssatisfywiththeserviceinthecanteen.3）Wehadthefoodwhichhadleftthedaybefore.4）Butthepricewasastonishedbyme.3．單復(fù)數(shù)錯(cuò)誤1）Wisemancatchopportunitiesratherthanwaitforthem.2）Someoneareafraidthatcomputermaycontrolmeninthefuture.3）Hisbrothersorheweretoblame.4）Morethanonequestionwereasked.5）Manyafinemanhavediedinthatbattle.4．非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤l）Letmetorepresenteveryonetosay“hello”toyou.2）Ihavesomuchwordssaytoyou.3）Therearemanypeopleeatenouteveryday.4）Havingstudiedinthiscollegefor3years,thecampushaschangedalot.5）Clearlywritten,hecaneasilyunderstandtheletter.6）Doexerciseinthemorningisgoodforyourhealth.5．其他動(dòng)詞形式錯(cuò)誤1）Youmustarecarefulaboutyourspelling.2）Recently,schoolshaveattachedgreatimportancetodevelopstudents'abilitytostudy.（三）代詞錯(cuò)誤1）Aslongasoneworkshard,youcanlearnEnglishwell.2）Manypeopletakeaholidaytorelaxyourself.3）Acollegestudentshouldbeabletodotheirwashingbythemselves.4）Wecanusecomputersdoeverythingyoulike.5）Mythisletterisaboutthepositionyouadvertisedinthenewspaper.（四）冠詞錯(cuò)誤1）Horseisanusefulanimal.2）Everymorning,manypeopledoexercisesinparkandopenground.3）TheexamwillbeheldintheDecember,2004.4）TheshipissailingonPacificOcean.（五）詞性錯(cuò)誤1）Theyareverypatienttoserviceus.2）Beforereadingmyletter,pleaseacceptmybestwishesforyourhealthy.3）Ifapersonwantstosuccess,hemustlearntoenduresufferingsandsetbacks.4）Iwishyoucanconsidermysuggests.二、用詞錯(cuò)誤（一）詞義錯(cuò)誤1）Wehaven'ttouchedeachotherfor3years.2）Thestudentsmustknowhowtoapplyacomputer.3）Iamagreeable/pleasant/exciting/pleasuretoreceiveyourletter.4）Thestudentshavenomethodstoexpresstheirownideas.5）Thepurposeofthisletteristoreactsomeopinions.6）Manystudentsoftencomplaintheycan'tsufferthelivingconditions.（二）搭配錯(cuò)誤7）Iwouldliketoaskyousomeproblemsbeforeyoucome.8）Iobeyyoursuggestions.9）Iappreciateyouonbehalfofallthestudents.10）Thepricesofthefoodaretooexpensive.11）Ihaveseenthelargechangesofourlife.12）Wemustpracticeourbody.三、表達(dá)錯(cuò)誤1）Ishouldsayoureducationsystemexistssomeproblems.2）Fakecommoditiesarefullofthemarket.3）Atlast,Iwishyourbodyhealthy,workwell.4）Theuseofcomputerisverylarge.5）Thepriceisbecomingcheaperandcheaper.6）Theuseofcomputerismoreandmorewider.7）Andthepriceislowerthanotheruniversities.8）Thereasonforthisisbecausesomepeoplewanttoearnplentyofmoneywithoutworkinghard.9）Hereisbeautiful.10）Thedayishot/theweatherishot/hereishot/thereisveryhot..11）Now6000yuancanbuyaP4computer.12）Aroomoftenlives6-8students.13）Whygeneratesolargechange?14）Ithinkthisgreatchangehasthreereasons.15）Thereasonsofincreasehavemany.四、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)以及大小寫錯(cuò)誤1）However,everycoinhastwosides,Ithinkthesurroundingsinourcanteenarethebestamongalluniversities.2）Whenenteredthisschool,Iwasworriedaboutthefoodhere.Becausethequalityoffoodisdirectlyrelatedtoourhealth.3）Ouruniversityhastencanteens.Butthesamekindoffoodindifferentcanteens,thepriceisnotthesame.4）AtlastIwanttoletyouknow,Iloveouruniversityverymuch.5）AccordingtomylifeexperimentandknowledgeIagreewiththesecondopinion.Thereisopportunityforeveryoneinsomeunexpectedcase.Butifyouhasnopreparingforit.Theopportunitywilllose.Thosewhohavemanypreparationandmuchknowlege,andsomegoodvirtul.maygriptheopportunityfirmly.forexample.towmanareapplyingforajobinacompany.andthereisonlyonevacantjobfortheonlyoneofthetwoman.how,thetwomanhasanopportunitytogotthejobbutthebosscertainlywouldacceptthegoodone.6）Myfavoritesportsareswimming、jogging、mountaineeringandplayingtabletennis.7）ThebestEnglishfilminmyeyesis《ForrestGump》.第三部分考博寫作題型分類一、闡述觀點(diǎn)型（一）對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)型1．Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionofnolessthan200wordsonthefollowingtopicandoutline.最近國(guó)內(nèi)有些高校允許適齡在校大學(xué)生結(jié)婚。對(duì)此人們有不同觀點(diǎn)，有人贊成，有人反對(duì)。你的觀點(diǎn)如何?1）有些人對(duì)高校允許學(xué)生結(jié)婚的做法持肯定態(tài)度2）另一些人則反對(duì)3）我的觀點(diǎn)2．（北京大學(xué)2005）Directions:Writeashortcompositionofabout250to300wordsonthetopicgivenbelow.AndwritethecompositionontheANSWERSHEET.（15%）Topic:IsEnglishLanguageTeachingOveremphasizedinChineseEducation?3．（武漢大學(xué)2003）Directions:Inthispart,youareexpectedtowriteacompositionentitledLookingForwardtotheNewReformofCollegeEnglishinChinainnolessthan200words.Yourcompositionshouldbebasedonthefollowingoutline.1）有些人認(rèn)為隨著各種高水平電子課件的制作與引進(jìn)，大學(xué)生基本上可以自學(xué)英語(yǔ)了。2）有些人認(rèn)為大學(xué)英語(yǔ)老師雖面臨挑戰(zhàn)，但不可或缺。3）我對(duì)中國(guó)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)改革的看法與建議。LookingForwardtotheNewReformofCollegeEnglishinChina（1）ThereisnodenyingthefactthatthereformofcollegeEnglishteachingisahotlydebatedtopictoday.People'sattitudesdiffersharplyonthisissue.SomeholdthatwiththevarietyofadvancedcoursewareintroducedintoEnglishteaching,studentscanlearnEnglishbythemselves.Theycanwatchandlistentodialogues,readafterthespeaker,doexercisesandcheckanswers,ortheycaneventalktothecomputer.AllthismadesomepeoplebelievethatcollegeEnglishteacherscanbedonewithout.Others,however,holdtheoppositeview.Theyclaimthatteachers,thoughconfrontedwithchallenges,arestillindispensableinEnglishteaching.Inthefirstplace,theycanworkassupervisorsanddirectorsforstudentsinEnglishstudy.Inthesecondplace,theycanworkasorganizersinclassincaseofdialoguesordiscussions.Lastbutnotleast,somequestionshavetobeexplainedpersonally,forcomputerssolveeveryproblemforstudents.AsfarasIamconcerned,Ibelievethatteachersarenecessary.Butfurtherreformsstillshouldbecarriedout.Foronething,Englishshouldbearrangedasanoptionalcourseinsteadofarequiredone.Foranother,competitionshouldbeintroducedamongtheteachersandstudentsshouldbeallowedtochoosetheteachertheylikethemost.（2）ThereisnodenyingthefactthatitisahotlydebatedtopictodaywhetherEnglishteachersbeallowedtoexistincollegeEnglishteaching.（classroom）.Tothispeople'sattitudesdiffersharply.Someholdthepositiveview.TheyclaimthatcollegestudentscanstudyEnglishbyhimsevesbycomputer.Becauseinformationagetakestudentsvariouselectronic課件whichareusualandinterest.CollegestudentstudyEnglis