山東省濱州市2022-2023學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期中考試英語(yǔ)試題 （含答案解析）

試卷第=page1010頁(yè)，共=sectionpages1111頁(yè)試卷第=page1111頁(yè)，共=sectionpages1111頁(yè)山東省濱州市2022-2023學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期中考試英語(yǔ)試題學(xué)校:___________姓名：___________班級(jí)：___________考號(hào)：___________一、閱讀理解Canyouregainthethrillofreadingthatyouexperiencedasachild?Timetodustoffsomeofthebestchildhoodclassicseverwritten.HeidibyJohannaSpyriThisisthestoryoffive-year-oldHeidi,anorphan(孤兒)whoissenttolivewithherroughgrandfatherintheSwissAlpsandcharmseveryoneshemeetswithhersunnypersonality-fromthescarygrandfathertoPetertheshepherd,hisblindgrandmotherand,infact,thegoats.WhatKatyDidbySusanCoolidgeIttellsthestoryofrebellious(叛逆的)KatyCarrandherviolentbrothersandsistersrunningrelativelywild,despitethebesteffortsoftheirfatherandlong-sufferingaunt.Therearealotoflifelessonsprovidedinthesepagesbutit’sneverhigh-handed,alwaysgentleandquietlyinspiring.TheStoryofHollyandIvybyRumerGoddenThisstoryisaboutmagic,Christmasandthepowerofmakingwishes.TheseriesofeventsthatbringHollyandIvytogetherwouldn’tstandupinreallifeforanano-second,butthestoryissomovinglytoldthateverytimeyoureadit,yourfaithisrestoredinthewonderofChristmas-atimewhendreamscometrueandwonderscanhappen.TheFlightoftheDovesbyWalterMackenItpresentsthefast,crazyandhair-raisingjourneyoforphanedbrothersandsistersFinnandDervalDove,ontherunacrossEnglandtoescapethecontroloftheirevilstepfatherandreachtheirbelovedIrishgrannyinthewestofIreland.1．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesWhatKatyDid?A．Wild.B．Violent.C．Abstract.D．Encouraging.2．WhatkindofbookisTheStoryofHollyandIvy?A．Afolktale.B．AfantasystoryC．Alegendstory.D．Asciencefiction3．WhatdoHeidiandTheFlightoftheDoveshaveincommon?A．Theytellaboutabadfather.B．TheirstorieshappeninBritain.C．Theyareaboutafrighteningtrip.D．Theirmaincharactersloseparents.FrederickBantinghatedschool.HavinggrownuponafarmnearAlliston,Ontario,Fredwasagoodworkerbutfeltuncomfortableandunacceptedinatownschool.Aftergraduation,hebeganstudiestobecomeaminister.Whenthatdidnotgowell,hechangedhisgoaltomedicine.WorldWarIarrived,andthegreatneedforfieldmedics(救護(hù)人員)resultedintheearlygraduationofFred.Afterthewar,theyoungCanadiandoctorreturnedhometosetuphispractice.Justthenhebegantofocusonarticlesondiabetes(糖尿病),adiseasethathadclaimedthelifeofaneighbour’schild.Tosolvetheproblemofthisdisease,FredapproachedDr.J.J.R.MacleodattheUniversityofTorontoandeventuallyconvincedDr.Macleodtosupporthim.In1920,FredhappilyenteredapoorlyequippedlaboratoryandwasgivenayoungassistantnamedCharlesBest.FredandCharlesworkeddayandnight,butearlyresultsinproducingthehormone(激素)preparationtheycalledinsulin(胰島素)werediscouraging.Manyoftheanimalstheytreateddied.Finallyoneanimalsurvivedforseveralweeks.Theteamappearedtobefinallygettingsomewhere,anditwastimetomoveontohumansubjects.Beforetreatinghumanpatients,however,FredandCharlestestedthesafetyoftheirinsulineachother.Theirtestswereatriumph.Thefirstpatienttobetreatedwasafourteen-year-oldboynamedLeonard.Theyearwas1921.Thepoorboyweighedonlyseventy-fivepounds,andhewasbarelyalive.ButthenewinsulintreatmentadministeredbyFredandCharleswasagreatsuccess.Leonardgainedweight,andhishealthdramaticallyimproved.In1923,theNobelPrizeinmedicinewasawardedjointlytoCanadiandoctorsFrederickBantingandJ.J.R.Macleod.Fredcouldhavemadehimselfamillionairewithhisdiscovery.Instead,hesoldhispatentfortheproductionofinsulintotheUniversityofToronto-foronedollar-sothatthedrugcouldbemarketedcheaplyandthousandsoflivescouldbesavedandimproved.ThankstoFred,diabeticsareabletolivenormalliveswherebeforeitwasimpossible.4．WhatdoesparagraphIfocuson?A．WhyFredgraduatedearly.B．HowFredtookuptheresearch.C．WhyFredchangedhislifegoal.D．WhatFredexperiencedinthewar.5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“triumph”meaninparagraph2?A．Victory.B．Reference.C．Challenge.D．Demonstration.6．WhydidFredsellhispatent?A．Tomakemoney.B．Toearnreputation.C．Tobenefitpatients.D．Topromoteinsulin.7．Whichofthefollowingisprobablythebesttitleforthetext?A．ASuccessfulTestB．AFamousDoctorC．AnUnlikelyHeroD．AGreatDiscoveryThedebateoverwhichisthetrueoceantoppredator(捕食者)hasfinallybeenputtobed，afterscientistsreleasedthefirst-evervideostudyofkillerwhaleshuntingandkillinggreatwhitesharksoffthecoastofSouthAfrica.ThisweekscientistsfromRhodesandStellenboschuniversitiesinSouthAfricareleasedextendeddrone(無(wú)人機(jī))andhelicoptervideosshotduringthesummerthatprovidesunanswerableproofthatkillerwhalesusetheirfamouspackhuntingskillstocatchandfeedonthelargestsharkspecies.Thevideosshowsthreekillerwhalesencirclingandeventuallykillingagreatwhiteshark.Studyauthorssayatleastthreesharkswerekilledbythesmallgroupduringanhour-longhunt.Killerwhaleshavebeenrecordedcatchingandfeedingonothersharkspeciesandin2019videosappearedofagroupkillingahealthyadultbluewhaleestimatedtomeasurebetween18and22metersinlength.“Theirgrouphuntingmethodsmakethemunbelievablyeffectivepredators,”saidmarinemammalspecialistSimonElwen,whoco-authoredthestudy.Weighingupto9tonsandarmedwithlargeconical(圓錐形的)teeth，thekillerwhales’impressiveorganstructureaidsinbattlesagainstdangerousandoversizedenemies.ButitisintelligenceandcooperativebehaviorthatgivesthespeciesitsrealedgeoverthecompetitionTheso-calledkaratechop(空手道)isafavoredtechniqueinsharkhunting,bywhichthewhalewillgivepowerfultailstrikestotheheadofthefish.Killerwhalesthenturnoverthesharkontoitsback，makingtheprey(獵物)inactiveanddefenseless.Killerwhalesindifferentregionsshowpreferencefordifferentpreyanimals,suggestingthatsomehuntingtechniquesarelearnedbehaviorspasseddownthroughthegenerations.Somecommunitiespreferfeedingonschoolsofsalmonandherringwhileothersmightmainlytargetseals.8．Whichofthefollowingwaspreviouslythoughttobetherealoceantoppredators?A．Theseal.B．Theblueshark.C．Thekillerwhale.D．Thewhiteshark.9．Whydoestheauthormentionthevideosin2019?A．Tomakecomparisons.B．Toprovidefurtherproof.C．Tointroducethetopic.D．Toexplaintheargument.10．Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytellus?A．Thewisdomofkillerwhales.B．Theadvantageskillerwhaleshave.C．Thebodystructureofkillerwhales.D．Thehuntingtechniqueskillerwhaleshave.11．Whatcanwelearnaboutkillerwhalesfromthelastparagraph?A．Theyliveingroups.B．Theyhavethesametaste.C．Theypassonhabitatstotheiryoung.D．Theyarebornwithgreathuntingskills.Thepopularityofsmartphonesmeansmostofusrelyonsmartphonesratherthanourmemorytokeeptrackofimportantinformation,suchasappointmentsorato-dolist.YetdespitefearsusersmaytocomeSufferfrom“digitaldementia(癡呆)”，findingtheirabilitytokeepinformationworsenstheyincreasinglyrelyondevicesasaformof“externalmemory”,astudyhasfoundtheoppositecouldbetrue.Storingcrucialpiecesofinformationonanelectronicdevicedoesnotrotyourmemoryskillsandcanactuallyboostyourabilitytorememberthingsyouwouldotherwiseforget.Researcherstook158volunteersagedbetween18and71andshowedthemupto12numberedcirclesonascreen.Someofthecircleswouldbrieflyappearpinkorbluebeforeallfadingtoayellowcolour,indicatingthattheyhadtobedraggedtoeitherthepinksideofthebluesideofthescreenatalaterpoint.Someofthecircleswereclassedas“highvalue”,someas“l(fā)owvalue”andsomeas“zerovalue”.Usershadtorememberwhichsideofthescreentodragthecirclestoinordertoearnpoints.Insomeoftheexperimentstheyhadtorelyontheirownmemories.Inothers,theycouldsetanelectronicreminderonadevice.Researchersfoundsubjectstendedtousedigitaldevicestostoreinformationaboutwhichwerethehighest-valuecircles.Thisledtoan18percentincreaseinaccuracywhenplacingthesecircles.Theyalsofound,totheirsurprise,usingelectronicremindersforhigh-valuecirclesledtoa27percentincreaseinaccuracywhendifferentiating(區(qū)分)frommemorybetweenthelowandzero-valuecircles,evenwhennoelectronicremindershadbeensetforthese.DrSamGilbert,fromUCL’sInstituteofCognitiveNeuroscience,said:“Theresultsshowthatextremalmemorytoolswork.Farfromcausing‘digitaldementia’,usinganextremalmemorydevicecanevenimproveourmemoryforinformationthatweneversavedelectronically.”12．Whatistheresultofthestudy?A．Cellphonesslowusdown.B．Cellphonesruinourhealth.C．Cellphonesleadtoaddiction.D．Cellphonesimprovememory.13．Howcouldthevolunteersearnpoints?A．Byputtingthecirclesinplace.B．Bytellingthevalueofthecircles.C．Byidentifyingthecolourofthecircles.D．Byrememberingthenumberofthecircles.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“these”refertoinparagraph3?A．Subjects.B．Thehigh-valuecircles.C．Digitaldevices.D．Thelowandzero-valuecircles.15．WhatisDrSam’sattitudetostoringinformationonanelectronicdevice?A．Critical.B．Unclear.C．Favorable.D．Objective.二、七選五Askingforhelpcanfeelscary.Wemayworrythattherequestwillberejectedorthatitwillbeaburdentothehelper.____16____Andafterward,theyoftenfeelbetterabouthavinghelpedthanweexpect.Scientistsconductedaseriesofsixexperiments.Altogether,morethan2,100peoplewereinvolvedintheresearch.Inoneexperiment,participantshadtoaskstrangerstotaketheirphotoatapublicbotanicalgarden.Inanother,participantsansweredquestionsabouttimeswhentheyhadeitheraskedfororgivenhelp.Researchershadthe“askers”guesshowthe“helpers”mightfeelabouttherequest.____17____Ineachexperiment,peoplewhoaskedforhelpunderestimatedthehelpers’willingnesstoassistandhowgoodtheywouldfeelafterward.____18____However,onlyfouroutof100peoplerefusedtotakethephoto,andthosewhodidtakeonesaidtheyfeltrelativelygoodaboutdoingthishelpfulactforastranger.____19____Aidingotherscancreatewhatisknownasa“helper’shigh”,reducingstressandprovidingasenseofmeaningandconnection.“Wefeelgoodmakingapositivedifferenceinotherpeople’slives,”saidXuanZhao,coauthorofthenewstudy.Despitethesebenefits,thestudyauthorssaidthataskers’fearsfunctionedlike“barriers”,stoppingthemfrommakingarequest.Theynotedthatthetypeofrequestandculturaldifferencescouldaffectthewaypeoplereact.Thestudy’sresultssuggest,however,thatpeopleareusuallyhappytolendahand.____20____Zhaosaidthisresearchshouldprovidesomereassurancebecause“youmightbereallyunderestimatinghowwillingothersaretohelp.”A．Theaskersexpressedratherdifferentopinions.B．Thentheyaskedthehelpershowtheyactuallyfelt.C．Studiesshowthathelpingsomeoneoutmakesbothfeelgood.D．Pastresearchhasshownthatdoingkindactscanboostpeople’shealth.E．Butnewresearchshowsthatpeoplearemorewillingtohelpoutthanwethink.F．Expertssaythatifaskingforhelpfeelsuncomfortable,itcanbeusefultopractice.G．Forexample,askersexpectedstrangerstofeelinconveniencedbyarequesttotakeaphoto.三、完形填空Adaughtercomplainedtoherfatherthatherlifewasmiserable.Shedidn’tknowhowshewasgoingto____21____it.Itseemedjustasoneproblemwassolved,anotheronesoon____22____.Shewasalwaysworriedand____23____offightingandstrugglingallthetime.Herfather,achef,tookhertothe____24____.Hefilledthreepotswithwaterand____25____eachonahighfire.Oncethewaterbegantoboil,heputpotatoes,eggsandgroundcoffeebeansintothepots____26____.Aftertwentyminuteshe____27____theburners.Heputthepotatoesandeggsinabowlanddishedthecoffeeoutintoacup.“Lookcloser”,heexplainedthepotatoes,theeggsandcoffeebeanshadeachfacedthesame____28____theboilingwater.However,eachone____29____differently.Thepotatobecame____30____andsoftinboilingwater.____31____beingfragile(易碎的),theeggbecamehardinside.However,thegroundcoffeebeanswere____32____.Aftertheywereexposedtotheboilingwater,theychangedthewaterand____33____somethingnew,whoserichsweetsmellmakespeople____34____Thefatherasked“Whentroubleknocksonyourdoor,areyouapotato,anegg,oracoffeebean?”Thesewordsmadethedaughterlostinthoughtandseemedtocast____35____onherattitudetolife.21．A．manage B．switch C．grasp D．defend22．A．poured B．followed C．integrated D．joined23．A．a(chǎn)fraid B．fond C．a(chǎn)ware D．tired24．A．restaurant B．market C．kitchen D．restroom25．A．struck B．placed C．pushed D．lifted26．A．impatiently B．separately C．totally D．a(chǎn)ccidentally27．A．turnedoff B．brokedown C．tookaway D．straightenedup28．A．a(chǎn)im B．setting C．choice D．trouble29．A．expanded B．reacted C．responded D．struggled30．A．big B．rotten C．weak D．fresh31．A．Apartfrom B．Asfor C．Insteadof D．Dueto32．A．secure B．strange C．similar D．unique33．A．linked B．tackled C．created D．a(chǎn)dded34．A．surprised B．excited C．a(chǎn)mused D．a(chǎn)ddicted35．A．light B．doubt C．shadow D．a(chǎn)ttention四、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成短文閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入一個(gè)單詞或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Yearsago,19-year-oldXieLeisaidgoodbyetoherfamilyandfriendsandboardedaplaneforLondon.Itwasthefirsttimethatshe____36____(leave)China.Tohelpwithher____37____(adapt)tothenewculture,XieLeichosetolivewithahostfamily,Whenshemissedhome,shefelt____38____(comfort)tohaveasecondfamily.Thefirsttimethatshehadtowrite____39____essay,hertutorexplainedthatshemustacknowledge____40____otherpeoplehadsaidifshecitedtheirideas.XieLeiwasconfusedbecauseshethoughtsheknew____41____(little)thanotherpeople.Atfirst,inclass,XieLeihadnoideawhattosay____42____whatsurprisedherwasthatshefoundherselfspeakingupinclassafterjustafewweeks.EverythingstrangebeforeappearsquitenormaltoXieLeinow.____43____(engage)inBritishculturehashelpedheralot.Aswellasstudyinghard,she____44____(involve)insocialactivities.BritishpeoplearefascinatedbyChinesecultureandeagertolearnmoreaboutit,sosheiskeen_____45_____(share)itwiththem.SheisactingasaculturalmessengerbuildingabridgebetweenChinaandtheUK.五、根據(jù)中英文提示填寫(xiě)單詞46．Itiseasytop________(察覺(jué))whenstudentsaredistractedinclass.(根據(jù)中英文提示填空)47．Ambitiousando________(樂(lè)觀的),theydon’tstopuntiltheyreachforthestars.(根據(jù)中英文提示填空)48．Scientistshavebeenpursuingvariouspossibilitiestosolvefoods________(短缺).(根據(jù)中英文提示填空)49．Thisisreallyani________(難以置信地)newareaintermsofdealingwithcomputercrime.(根據(jù)中英文提示填空)50．Manystudentshaves________(訂閱)tothemagazineandreceivedafreelimited-editionT-shirt.(根據(jù)中英文提示填空)六、邀請(qǐng)信51．假定你是李華，你校將舉辦第二屆“多彩中國(guó)”英語(yǔ)短視頻大賽，請(qǐng)給你校來(lái)自英國(guó)的留學(xué)生John寫(xiě)封郵件，邀請(qǐng)他參賽。內(nèi)容包括：1.比賽目的：2.作品要求;3.投稿地址(ColorfulChina＠)和截止日期。注意：1.寫(xiě)作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右;2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。DearJohn,_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Your,LiHua七、讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)52．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。WhatGoesAroundComesAroundOnedayanoldladywastrappedonthesideoftheroadinthedimlight.Noonehadstoppedtohelpforthelasthourorso.Thenamanlookingpoorandhungrypulledupinfrontofhercarandgotout.Hecouldseethatshewasfrightened,standingoutthereinthecold.Hesaid,“I’mheretohelpyou,ma’am.Whynotwaitinthecarwhereit’swarm?Bytheway,mynameisBryanAnderson.”Well，allshehadwasaflattire，butforanoldlady，thatwasbadenough.Bryancrawled(蜷縮)underthecarlookingforaplacetoputhejack(千斤頂)，skinninghisfingersatimeortwo.Soonhewasabletochangethetire.Buthegotdirtyandhishandshurt.TheoldladytoldhimshewasfromSt.Louisandwasonlyjustpassingthrough.Shealreadyimaginedalltheawfulthingsthatcouldhavehappenedhadhenotstopped.Shecouldn’tthankhimenoughforcomingtoheraidandaskedhowmuchsheowedhim.Anyamountwouldhavebeenallrightwithher.Bryanjustsmiledandtoldherthatifshereallywantedtopayhimback,thenexttimeshesawsomeonewhoneededhelp,shecouldgivethatpersontheassistancetheyneeded.Bryanadded,“Andthinkofme.”Heneverthoughttwiceaboutbeingpaid.Hehadlivedhiswholelifethatway,anditneveroccurredtohimtoactanyotherway.Hewaiteduntilshestartedhercaranddroveoff.Afewmilesdowntheroadtheoldladysawasmalldirty-lookingrestaurant.Shewentinandorderedasimplemealpricedat5S.Thewaitresswastogivebirthtoherbabyinamonthbutshewasstillbusyclearingtables,fillingsugarbowlsandservingpeople.AtthatmomentsherememberedBryan.注意：1.續(xù)寫(xiě)詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右;2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Afterfinishingthemeal,theoldladypaidwithone100Sbill._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Justthenthewaitressspottedsomemoremoneyandanoteonthetable._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案第=page1212頁(yè)，共=sectionpages1212頁(yè)答案第=page1111頁(yè)，共=sectionpages1212頁(yè)參考答案：1．D

2．B

3．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了一些最好的童年經(jīng)典著作。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WhatKatyDidbySusanCoolidge中的“Therearealotoflifelessonsprovidedinthesepagesbutit’sneverhigh-handed,alwaysgentleandquietlyinspiring.(在這些頁(yè)面上提供了許多人生課程，但它從來(lái)都不是專橫的，總是溫柔和安靜的鼓舞人心)”可知HeidiWhatKatyDid這本書(shū)是鼓舞人心的，故選D。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheStoryofHollyandIvybyRumerGodden中的“Thisstoryisaboutmagic,Christmasandthepowerofmakingwishes.(這個(gè)故事是關(guān)于魔法、圣誕節(jié)和許愿的力量的)”可知TheStoryofHollyandIvy是一本奇幻故事，故選B。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HeidibyJohannaSpyri中的“Thisisthestoryoffive-year-oldHeidi,anorphan(孤兒)(這是一個(gè)5歲的孤兒海蒂的故事)”和TheFlightoftheDovesbyWalterMacken中的“Itpresentsthefast,crazyandhair-raisingjourneyoforphanedbrothersandsistersFinnandDervalDove(這部電影講述了孤兒兄弟芬恩和德瓦爾·達(dá)夫的快速、瘋狂和令人毛骨悚然的旅程)”可知這兩部書(shū)的主人公都是孤兒，故選D。4．B

5．A

6．C

7．C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了無(wú)名英雄Fred在一戰(zhàn)后投身于糖尿病研究，在Macleod博士的支持下研制出胰島素，并在1923年獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)。本可以成為百萬(wàn)富翁，但最終Fred以一美元的價(jià)格賣掉了該專利，希望能讓更多的病人得到救治。4．主旨大意題。第一段“Aftergraduation,hebeganstudiestobecomeaminister.Whenthatdidnotgowell,hechangedhisgoaltomedicine.WorldWarIarrived,andthegreatneedforfieldmedics(救護(hù)人員)resultedintheearlygraduationofFred.Afterthewar,theyoungCanadiandoctorreturnedhometosetuphispractice.Justthenhebegantofocusonarticlesondiabetes(糖尿病),adiseasethathadclaimedthelifeofaneighbour’schild.(畢業(yè)后，他開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)成為一名牧師。當(dāng)事情進(jìn)展不順利時(shí)，他把目標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)向了醫(yī)學(xué)。第一次世界大戰(zhàn)到來(lái)，對(duì)戰(zhàn)地醫(yī)生的巨大需求導(dǎo)致Fred提前畢業(yè)。戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束后，這位年輕的加拿大醫(yī)生回到家中開(kāi)始行醫(yī)。就在那時(shí)，他開(kāi)始專注于糖尿病方面的文章，一種奪去鄰居孩子生命的疾病)”以時(shí)間順序講述了Fred畢業(yè)后的一系列發(fā)展：從學(xué)習(xí)成為牧師到戰(zhàn)地醫(yī)生再到最后開(kāi)始研究糖尿病。所以第一段重點(diǎn)是Fred是如何開(kāi)始從事這項(xiàng)（糖尿?。┭芯康摹９蚀鸢笧锽。5．詞義猜測(cè)題。第二段“Theirtestswereatriumph.”中的Theirtests指代Fred和Charles在他們自己身上做的胰島素實(shí)驗(yàn)。根據(jù)前一句“Beforetreatinghumanpatients,however,FredandCharlestestedthesafetyoftheirinsulineachother.(然而，在治療人類患者之前，F(xiàn)red和Charles相互測(cè)試了胰島素的安全性)”可知，在真正治療人類病人之前，他們首先要在自己身上做實(shí)驗(yàn)查看效果。再根據(jù)第三段“ButthenewinsulintreatmentadministeredbyFredandCharleswasagreatsuccess.Leonardgainedweight,andhishealthdramaticallyimproved.(但Fred和Charles實(shí)施的新胰島素治療取得了巨大成功。Leonard體重增加，他的健康狀況顯著改善)”可知他們治療的第一個(gè)病人取得成功，由此推測(cè)出，F(xiàn)red和Charles在自己身上的實(shí)驗(yàn)成功之后，他們才會(huì)真正去治療人類病人且取得成功。故劃線部分triumph是“成功”的含義。故答案為A。6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Instead,hesoldhispatentfortheproductionofinsulintotheUniversityofToronto-foronedollar-sothatthedrugcouldbemarketedcheaplyandthousandsoflivescouldbesavedandimproved.(相反，他以一美元的價(jià)格將自己的胰島素生產(chǎn)專利賣給了多倫多大學(xué)，這樣這種藥物就能廉價(jià)上市，挽救和改善成千上萬(wàn)的生命)”可知Fred賣出專利的原因是想讓更多的病人得到救治，所以C選項(xiàng)“讓病人受益”符合題意。故答案為C。7．主旨大意題。文章主要講述了無(wú)名英雄Fred在戰(zhàn)后投身于糖尿病研究，在Macleod博士的支持下研制出胰島素，并在1923年獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)。本可以成為百萬(wàn)富翁，但最終Fred以一美元的價(jià)格賣掉了該專利希望能讓更多的病人得到救治，所以C選項(xiàng)“一位難以置信的英雄”可以作為文章標(biāo)題。故答案為C。8．D

9．B

10．B

11．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。主要報(bào)道了科學(xué)家們發(fā)布了首個(gè)虎鯨在南非海岸獵殺大白鯊的視頻研究后，關(guān)于哪一種是真正的海洋頂部捕食者的爭(zhēng)論終于平息了，即虎鯨才是真正的頂級(jí)捕食者。8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Thedebateoverwhichisthetrueoceantoppredatorhasfinallybeenputtobed，afterscientistsreleasedthefirst-evervideostudyofkillerwhaleshuntingandkillinggreatwhitesharksoffthecoastofSouthAfrica.”(科學(xué)家們發(fā)布了首個(gè)虎鯨在南非海岸獵殺大白鯊的視頻研究后，關(guān)于哪一種是真正的海洋頂部捕食者的爭(zhēng)論終于平息了。)故可推知，大白鯊以前被認(rèn)為是真正的海洋頂級(jí)捕食者。故選D項(xiàng)。9．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“ThisweekscientistsfromRhodesandStellenboschuniversitiesinSouthAfricareleasedextendeddroneandhelicoptervideosshotduringthesummerthatprovidesunanswerableproofthatkillerwhalesusetheirfamouspackhuntingskillstocatchandfeedonthelargestsharkspecies.”(本周，來(lái)自南非羅德大學(xué)和斯泰倫博斯大學(xué)的科學(xué)家發(fā)布了夏季拍攝的無(wú)人機(jī)和直升機(jī)視頻，提供了無(wú)可辯駁的證據(jù)，證明虎鯨利用它們著名的群體狩獵技能捕捉并捕食最大的鯊魚(yú)物種。)提到有證據(jù)證明，虎鯨是是真正的海洋頂端捕食者。再結(jié)合第三段“Killerwhaleshavebeenrecordedcatchingandfeedingonothersharkspeciesandin2019videosappearedofagroupkillingahealthyadultbluewhaleestimatedtomeasurebetween18and22metersinlength.”(虎鯨曾被記錄到捕食其他鯊魚(yú)物種，2019年出現(xiàn)了一群虎鯨殺死一頭健康成年藍(lán)鯨的視頻，據(jù)估計(jì)，成年藍(lán)鯨的體長(zhǎng)在18至22米之間。)介紹2019年的視頻，故可推知，作者提到2019年的視頻是為了提供進(jìn)一步的證據(jù)，證明虎鯨是真正的頂級(jí)捕食者。故選B項(xiàng)。10．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“Theirgrouphuntingmethodsmakethemunbelievablyeffectivepredators,”saidmarinemammalspecialistSimonElwen,whoco-authoredthestudy.Weighingupto9tonsandarmedwithlargeconicalteeth，thekillerwhales＇impressiveorganstructureaidsinbattlesagainstdangerousandoversizedenemies.Butitisintelligenceandcooperativebehaviorthatgivesthespeciesitsrealedgeoverthecompetition.Theso-calledkaratechopisafavoredtechniqueinsharkhunting,bywhichthewhalewillgivepowerfultailstrikestotheheadofthefish.Killerwhalesthenturnoverthesharkontoitsback，makingthepreyinactiveanddefenseless.”(海洋哺乳動(dòng)物專家西蒙·艾爾文是這項(xiàng)研究的合著者，他說(shuō)：“它們的群體捕獵方式使它們成為令人難以置信的有效捕食者?！被ⅥL重達(dá)9噸，擁有巨大的圓錐形牙齒，令人印象深刻的器官結(jié)構(gòu)有助于對(duì)抗危險(xiǎn)和超大的敵人。但它的智慧和合作行為賦予了該物種在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中真正的優(yōu)勢(shì)。所謂的空手道斬是鯊魚(yú)捕獵中最受歡迎的技術(shù)，通過(guò)這種技術(shù)，鯨魚(yú)會(huì)用尾巴有力地?fù)舸螋~(yú)的頭部。然后虎鯨把鯊魚(yú)翻到它的背上，使獵物失去活動(dòng)能力和防御能力。)可知，第四段主要告訴我們虎鯨的優(yōu)勢(shì)。故選B項(xiàng)。11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Killerwhalesindifferentregionsshowpreferencefordifferentpreyanimals,suggestingthatsomehuntingtechniquesarelearnedbehaviorspasseddownthroughthegenerations.Somecommunitiespreferfeedingonschoolsofsalmonandherringwhileothersmightmainlytargetseals.”（不同區(qū)域的虎鯨對(duì)不同的獵物表現(xiàn)出偏好，這表明一些捕獵技巧是代代相傳的習(xí)得行為。一些群落更喜歡捕食成群的鮭魚(yú)和鯡魚(yú)，而另一些則主要以海豹為目標(biāo)。）故可推知，從最后一段我們能了解到虎鯨是群居生活的。故選A項(xiàng)。12．D

13．A

14．D

15．C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要講述了將重要信息儲(chǔ)存在電子設(shè)備上并不會(huì)腐蝕人的記憶能力，反而能提高記住可能會(huì)忘記的東西的能力。12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“astudyhasfoundtheoppositecouldbetrue.Storingcrucialpiecesofinformationonanelectronicdevicedoesnotrotyourmemoryskillsandcanactuallyboostyourabilitytorememberthingsyouwouldotherwiseforget(一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，事實(shí)可能恰恰相反。將重要信息儲(chǔ)存在電子設(shè)備上并不會(huì)腐蝕你的記憶能力，反而能提高你記住可能會(huì)忘記的東西的能力)”可知，這項(xiàng)研究的結(jié)果證明手機(jī)提高了記憶力。故選D。13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Usershadtorememberwhichsideofthescreentodragthecirclestoinordertoearnpoints(用戶必須記住將圓圈拖到屏幕的哪一邊才能獲得積分)”可知，志愿者通過(guò)把圓圈放到位來(lái)獲得分?jǐn)?shù)。故選A。14．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Theyalsofound,totheirsurprise,usingelectronicremindersforhigh-valuecirclesledtoa27percentincreaseinaccuracywhendifferentiating(區(qū)分)frommemorybetweenthelowandzero-valuecircles(他們還發(fā)現(xiàn)，讓他們驚訝的是，在區(qū)分低值圓和零值圓時(shí)，使用電子提醒對(duì)高值圓的準(zhǔn)確率提高了27%)”以及“evenwhennoelectronicremindershadbeenset(即使沒(méi)有設(shè)置電子提醒)”可知，在區(qū)分低值圓和零值圓時(shí)，即使沒(méi)有設(shè)置電子提醒，使用電子提醒對(duì)高值圓的準(zhǔn)確率也提高了27%。劃線處和D項(xiàng)：Thelowandzero-valuecircles(低值和零值圓)含義相近。故選D。15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Farfromcausing‘digitaldementia’,usinganextremalmemorydevicecanevenimproveourmemoryforinformationthatweneversavedelectronically(使用極端的記憶設(shè)備不僅不會(huì)導(dǎo)致“數(shù)字癡呆”，甚至還能提高我們對(duì)從未通過(guò)電子方式保存的信息的記憶)”可知，DrSam’s對(duì)在電子設(shè)備上存儲(chǔ)信息的態(tài)度是贊成的。故選C。16．E

17．B

18．G

19．D

20．F【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為說(shuō)明文。文章講述了科學(xué)家們進(jìn)行了一系列實(shí)驗(yàn)，參與者必須要求陌生人在公共植物園拍照。要么請(qǐng)求幫助，要么給予幫助。而研究的結(jié)果表明，人們通常樂(lè)于伸出援手。16．由前文“Wemayworrythattherequestwillberejectedorthatitwillbeaburdentothehelper.(我們可能會(huì)擔(dān)心請(qǐng)求會(huì)被拒絕，或者會(huì)給幫助者帶來(lái)負(fù)擔(dān)。)”和后文“Andafterward,theyoftenfeelbetterabouthavinghelpedthanweexpect.(之后，他們往往對(duì)幫助的感覺(jué)比我們預(yù)期的要好。)”可知，橫線處的句子要承上啟下，由擔(dān)心會(huì)被拒絕到比預(yù)期效果要好可以推測(cè)橫線處的句子表示轉(zhuǎn)折，E選項(xiàng)的but符合語(yǔ)境。故選E項(xiàng)。17．由前文“Inanother,participantsansweredquestionsabouttimeswhentheyhadeitheraskedfororgivenhelp.Researchershadthe“askers”guesshowthe“helpers”mightfeelabouttherequest.(在另一項(xiàng)研究中，參與者回答了有關(guān)他們何時(shí)請(qǐng)求或給予幫助的問(wèn)題。研究人員讓“提問(wèn)者”猜測(cè)“幫助者”對(duì)請(qǐng)求的感受。)”可知，橫線處的句子要與之承接，B選項(xiàng)的helpers與上文的helpers對(duì)應(yīng)，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)。18．由前文“Ineachexperiment,peoplewhoaskedforhelpunderestimatedthehelpers’willingnesstoassistandhowgoodtheywouldfeelafterward.

(在每個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，尋求幫助的人都低估了幫助者的意愿以及他們之后的感覺(jué)有多好。)”和后文“However,onlyfouroutof100peoplerefusedtotakethephoto,andthosewhodidtakeonesaidtheyfeltrelativelygoodaboutdoingthishelpfulactforastranger.(然而，100人中只有4人拒絕拍照，而那些拍照的人說(shuō)，他們覺(jué)得為陌生人做這個(gè)有用的行為相對(duì)較好。)”可知，橫線處的句子承上啟下，G選項(xiàng)的arequesttotakeaphoto與后文的refusedtotakethephoto相對(duì)應(yīng)，符合語(yǔ)境。故選G項(xiàng)。19．由后文“Aidingotherscancreatewhatisknownasa“helper’shigh,“reducingstressandprovidingasenseofmeaningandconnection.(幫助他人可以創(chuàng)造所謂的“幫助者的快感”，減輕壓力并提供意義感和聯(lián)系感。)”可知，橫線處的句子要能夠引出下文，D選項(xiàng)的boostpeople’shealth和后文的reducingstressandprovidingasenseofmeaningandconnection相對(duì)應(yīng)，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D項(xiàng)。20．由最后一段首句“Despitethesebenefits,thestudyauthorssaidthataskers’fearsfunctionedlike“barriers,”stoppingthemfrommakingarequest.(盡管有這些好處，研究作者說(shuō)，提問(wèn)者的恐懼就像“障礙”一樣，阻止他們提出要求。)”和前文“Thestudy’sresultssuggest,however,thatpeopleareusuallyhappytolendahand.(然而，該研究的結(jié)果表明