外研版高中英語必修1-5短語

Book4Module1havenoalternativebut(=havenochoicebut)除……外別無選擇;只要……alternativeenergy可代替能源analternativeplan替代方案load…withsth.給…裝某物loadthetruckwithcoal給汽車裝上煤beonfire著火(強調狀態(tài))catchfire失火(強調動作,無被動語態(tài))setfiretosth放火燒某物commandsbtodosth命令某人做某事commandthat…(that從句中要用should+動詞原形,should可省略)freeofcharge免費,不花錢inchargeof負責，管理inthechargeof由…負責takechargeof負責管理,負責照顧bechargedwith…充滿attachsthtosth把某物固定/附在某物上attachoneselfto參加;和…在一起,纏著beattachedto…連在…上;附屬于….;attachimportance/valuetosth.認為某事很重要/有價值forsure肯定地,有把握地sb.issuretodosth某人一定/肯定做某事besure+that-clause確信,相信……makesureof/aboutsth確?！璵akesure+that-clause確保sb.runoutofsth某人用完了某東西sth.runout某物用完了(沒有了)relyon/upon依靠,信賴;取決于relyonitthat…指望…..,對……不懷疑getridof=rid…of擺脫,丟掉;除去,趕走,消滅with+復合賓語結構,常用的結構形式有:

①with+賓語+現在分詞(強調賓語是現在分詞動作的發(fā)出者或某狀態(tài)、動作正在進行)

②with+賓語+過去分詞(強調賓語是過去分詞動作的承受者或動作已經發(fā)生)

③with+賓語+形容詞(強調賓語的特性和狀態(tài))

④with+賓語+副詞

⑤with+賓語+不定式(不定式動作尚未發(fā)生)

⑥with+賓語+介詞短語placeanorder訂購carryoutanoperation做手術beoptimisticabout…對……樂觀的beoptimisticthat…對…..樂觀inshape處于良好狀態(tài),在形狀上intheshapeof以….形狀;呈……形outofshape變形,走樣lookoutof向……外看lookout！小心，當心Watchout!Becareful!Takecare!forastart首先tostartwith=tobeginwith首先,第一fromthestart=fromthebeginning從開頭,從開始onthewayout即將被淘汰;即將過時onthewayn./pron./todoing即將,來到,接近can’t…too或never…too“不可能太….”,“再怎么….也不過分”Notall…=All…not…并非所有的Module2beondisplay展覽

beonshow

beonexhibitionpermitsbtodosth允許某人做某事permitdoingsth允許做某事providesbwithsth為某人提供某物

providesthforsbsthimpresssb某物給某人留下影響

sbbeimpressedbyimpresssthonsb使某人銘記=impresssbwithsthsthisimpressedonone’smind某事被印在腦海里have/leave/make/a…impressiononsb給某人留下…的印象beconvenienttosb對某人方便Itisconvenientforsb對某人方便Itisconvenienttodosth做某事方便beconvenientforsth對某事方便getaround=getabout到處旅游;四處走動beconnectedto/with與…..相連,接通bestuckin困住,動不了getdressed穿衣getwashed洗臉getlost迷路getmarried結婚getcharged充電getseparated被分散innotime馬上,一會兒ontime按時

intime及時onceuponatime從前atthesametime與此同時

atonetime曾經,一度,從前有個時期

atnotime決不,在任何時候都不beworthdoing值得做…..

beworth+n.=beworthyof+n

sth.isworthdoing=sthisworthyofbeingdone

=sthisworthytobedone“祈使句+and+簡單句”可以改為if條件句Thinkhard,andyou’llhaveanidea.=?使勁想，你就會有主意?！捌硎咕?or+簡單句”也可以改為if條件句Listentome,oryouwon’tunderstand.=?underconstruction正在建設之中belimitedto局限于…..inrushhours處于交通高峰期reactto…對…產生反應reactwithsth.與某物起（化學）反應occurtosb(主意或想法突然)浮現與腦中,被想起,被想到Itoccurstosbtodosth某人想到……Itoccurstosbthathavesthdone請別人做某事keepcool保持冷靜keepquiet保持安靜keepstill不動keepsilent保持沉默noway肯定不,沒門兒（用于句首時，句子要倒裝）Module3varyin…在……方面不同varyfrom…to…從…..到……變化varywith隨著….而變化,因….而不同involvesbin…允許某人參與involveoneselfin…積極參與……be/getinvolvedin…被卷入到….之中morethan不僅僅

morethan100=over100,超過100

morethansurprised十分/非常吃驚

more…than…與其說…不如說…(強調前者)Hewasmoreanartistthanawriter.onguard(保持)警惕;值班,站崗onholiday度假

onleave休班

onduty值班holdup舉起,抬起,承受住,支撐holdback阻擋

holdon等會兒,堅持

holddown限制

holdout維持giveaway泄露,出賣,暴露,讓步,贈送,捐贈giveoff發(fā)出(煙、光、熱、氣味等)giveout發(fā)出;放出(消息、聲音等);用完,耗盡mindreader能看透別人心思的人makeadeal達成協(xié)議,做成交易communicatewithsb和某人交流bebusywithsth忙于某事shakehandswithsb和某人握手stareatsb/sth注視著某人/某物stareintothedistance凝視著遠方requestsbtodosth要求某人做某事requestthatsb(should)do…要求某人做某事makearequestfor…要求…..attherequestofsb應某人的請求=atsb’srequestbyrequest(of)按要求dosbafavour幫某人一個忙asksbafavour請某人幫個忙infavourof贊成dosbafavor=doafavorforsb幫某人的忙liftup舉起;太高;吊起①upanddown上上下下②upanddown前前后后=backandforth=backwardsandforwards③upanddown處處=hereandthere④upanddown來來往往=toandfrombyaccident偶然地,無意地

Module4experimentwithsth.用某物實驗experimentonsth.對某物進行實驗carryoutperformconductanexperiment做實驗domakemakeabreakthrough取得重大突破(進展)convertAinto/toB把A轉換成Btaketheplaceof=replace取代,代替inplaceof取代,代替(介詞短語)insteadof代替,而不是(介詞短語)aquantityof+不可數名詞,謂語動詞用單數quantitiesof+可數名詞復數,謂語動詞用復數

quantitiesof+不可數名詞,謂語動詞用復數bringup撫育;教養(yǎng),嘔吐,提出(話題等)bringdown降低

bringabout導致,引起

bringback歸還;恢復;回想

bringin賺(錢);帶進;傳入searchfor尋找searchsb/sp搜查某人或某地insearchof尋求/尋找……asaresultof由于…..的結果

asaresult因此,結果owingto

thanksto由于…

duetobecauseofthekeyto………的關鍵theanswertothequestion問題的答案notestothetext課文注釋anendtothemeeting會議的結束theentrancetothebuilding大廈的入口exportsthto出口某物到……thesecondmostimportant第二重要的beinterestedin…對……感興趣graduatefrom…..從…..(地方)畢業(yè)escapefrom(outof)+sp.從某地逃脫;逃走

escapefromreality逃避現實haveanarrowescape九死一生afireescape緊急出口;安全門clearup(天氣)放晴;整理;收拾beknownfor因…..而出名/聞名

beknownan以……而知名,著稱beknownto為……所知earnone’sliving謀生

=makealivingget/gainaliving謀生比較：live/leada…life過著…..的生活cometopower掌權;執(zhí)政takepower取得政權

inpower當權,執(zhí)政

outofone’spower不能勝任,力所不及=beyondone’spowerItispossiblethat….可能……It’scertainthat...一定…….=sb/sthiscertaintodoIt’scertainthatyou’llsucceed.=?It’slikelythat……可能…..=sb/sthislikelytodoIt’slikelythatheisdoinghishomework.=？Itseemsthat好像……=sb/sthseemstodoItseemsthatheknowsthesecret.=?atwar在交戰(zhàn)中36.bediagnosedwith被診斷出…,患有…37.becomethevoiceof成為…的代言人

38.partlybecauseof一部分因為

Module5surroundsbwithsb用某人包圍某人besurroundedbysb被某人所包圍inthesurrounding在周圍環(huán)境anarrowescape九死一生inthedistance在遠處,在遠方fromadistance從一定距離,從遠處atadistance在一定距離處,隔一段距離keepsbatadistance對某人冷淡;與某人保持距離attheedgeof在……的邊緣（側重于在邊緣點上）ontheedgeof在…邊緣上（側重在邊緣較廣闊的地域）atleast=attheleast至少notintheleast=notall一點也不atmost=atthemost至多beheavywith有大量的makeadetour繞道而行havefourweeksoff休四周假gothrough穿過;經歷forbidsbtodosth禁止某人做某事forbiddoingsth禁止做某事requiretodosth要求去做某事requiresbtodosth要求某人去做某事requirethatsb(should)dosth要求某人做某事sthrequiredoing某物需要被做=sthrequiretobedoneonaspot在現場,當場ripoff敲竹杠;敲詐ripsthoff偷竊,盜取getakickoutof從……中得到樂趣enjoydoing喜歡干…..befondof喜歡…..goinfor愛好,從事Module6attacksbwithsth用某物攻擊某人beattackedwithadisease患/害病makeanattackon/upon對…發(fā)動攻擊aheartattack心臟病突發(fā)comeintoexistence開始存在;形成;成立astruggleforexistence生存競爭calmdown(使)安靜下來sb.isunlikelyto…某人不可能Itisunlikelythat…不可能……

belikelyto...可能……berelatedto與…有關,與…有聯(lián)系relatesthtosth把…..與……聯(lián)系起來Therehappenstobe…碰巧有……Thereappearstobe…似乎有……Thereseemstobe…好像有havethefortune(luck)todosth幸好(幸運)做某事makeafortune發(fā)財tryone’sfortune碰碰運氣dieout(家族、物種)滅絕;滅亡;(習俗等)漸漸消失(火)逐漸熄滅throwlighton幫助弄清楚;闡明某事cometolight暴露,被發(fā)現,表現出來bringtolight讓人知道,公布于世comestraighttothepoint談正題;開門見山beside/offthepoint不切正題,無關緊要tothepoint切題,中肯beonthepointof正要gofor適用于,應用于;喜歡,偏愛adaptoneselfto使自己適應于……accordingto根據beconnectedwith與…..有關系inorderto=soasto為了本模塊重點語法情態(tài)動詞+have+p.p.用法歸納musthavedonesth.肯定做了某事(表示對過去的某事做出肯定的判斷)Heknewthefilm.Hemusthaveseenit.2.may/mighthavedone可能/大概已經做了某事（表示對過去情況的可能性推測）TommayhaveboughtanewpenbecauseIdon’tseetheoldone..3.can’t/couldn’thavedonesth.不可能已經做了某事（表示對過去情況的否定性推測）Thegroundisdry,soitcan’thaverainedlastnight.4.shouldhavedonesth.過去應該做某事（而沒做）=oughttohavedonesthYouarelate.Youshouldhavecome1minuteearlier.5.shouldn’thavedonesth.過去不該做某事（卻做了）=oughtn’ttohavedonesth.Sheiscrying.Youshouldn’thavetoldherthesadnews.6.couldhavedonesth.本來能夠做（卻沒有做某事）7.needn’thavedonesth.原來不必做某事（卻已經做了）Tomhasboughtanewpen.Youneedn’thavelenthimyourpen.8.wouldratherhavedonesth.本來想做某事（卻未做成）IwouldratherhavecometohelpyouwithyourEnglish,butIwastoobusyatthattime.二、情態(tài)動詞表推測的其他用法1、情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形表示對現在或將來情況的推測2、情態(tài)動詞+bedoing表示對現在或將來正在進行的情況進行推測3、情態(tài)動詞+havebeendoing表示對過去正在發(fā)生的事情的推測Book5Module11.Itisobvious(tosb.)that從句對某人來說，……是顯然的2.confuseAwith/andB把A和B相混淆3.beconfusedbysth.被…….搞糊涂了4.inconfusion困惑的；困窘地5.compare...with...和……比較6.compare...to把……比作7.comeparedto/with和……相比（作狀語）8.varietyof=varietiesof各種各樣的9.differfromsb./sth.與某人或某物有區(qū)別，相異10.differin...在某方面不同11.havesth.incommon(withsb./sth.)和某人或某物有相同之處12.havealot/much/agreatdealincommonwith...與……有很多共同之處13.havenothing/littleincommonwith...與……沒有/很少有共同之處14.incommonwithsb./sth.和……一樣15.makeadifference有關系；有重要性；16.makesomedifferenceto...對……有些關系17.makemuchdifferenceto...關系重大；有重大影響18.makenodifferenceto...對……沒有關系19.besimilarto與……相似20.besimilarin在……方面相似21.havesome/muchdifficulty（in）doingsth.做某事有些/很多困難22.havesome/muchdifficultywithsth.做某事有一些/很多困難23.withdifficulty困（艱）難地24.leadtosb.doingsth.使得某人做某事25.leadsb.todosth.使得某人去做某事26.announcesth.tosb.向某人宣布某事=announcetosb.sth向某人宣布某事27.add...to...把……加到……中28.addto增加29.addup...合計；加起來30.addupto...總計31.makeanannouncement發(fā)表聲明，通知32.atpresent現在；目前33.makeanattempttodosth.試圖做某事34.makeanattemptatdoingsth.試圖（嘗試）做某事35.atone’sfirstattempt第一次嘗試36.attemptat（doing）sth.嘗試（做）某事37.infavourof同意，支持，擁護38.dosb.afavour幫某人一個忙39.asksb.afavour=askafavourofsb請求某人幫忙40.insb.’sfavour有助于某人41.referto...as...稱……為……42.referto參考43.make(a)reference(s)to提及，論及44.now(that)+句子由于；既然Module21.toone’ssatisfaction使某人感到滿意的是2.offerone’shand伸出手3.offersb.sth.=offersth.tosb.為某人提供某物4.show/haverespectforsb.=respectsb.尊敬某人5.give/sendmyrespectstosb.請代我向某人問好/致意6.inallrespects無論從哪方面來看7.passby經過；從……旁經過8.passaway去世；（時間等）消磨掉，過去9.passdown把……一代傳一代；流傳10.passon傳遞11.take...forgranted認為…...理所當然12.takeit/thingseasy輕松，放松13.takeone’stime慢慢來，不著急14.inparticular尤其，特別地15.beparticularabout/over...對……講究/挑剔16.haveaneffecton...對……有影響17.takeup站好位置以備……18.when用作并列連詞時，常用下列句型：（1）Sb.wasabouttodosth.when...某人正要干某事時，這時…….=Sb.wasonthepointofdoingsth.when...(2)Sb.wasdoingsth.when...某人正在干某事時，這時……(3)Sb.had(just)donesth.when...某人剛干完某事時，這時……19.apply(tosb.)forsth.(向某人)申請某物20.applysth.tosth.把……應用于……21.applyto...適用于……22.applyoneselyto...致力于……23.sth.requiredoing/tobedone某物需要被做……24.requiresb.todosth.要求某人做某事25.requirethat...(should)dosth.要求做某事26.ingreatdemand需求很大27.meet/satisfyone’sdemang(s)滿足某人的需要28.demangtodosth.要求做某事29.demandthat...(should)dosth.要求某人做某事30.inresponseto作為……的回應31.make/givearesponseto對…...做出反應32.make/givenoresponseto對…不予回答/理解Module31.onaccountof因為2.onnoaccount決不，在任何條件下都不3.oaccount=takeaccountofsth.把某事考慮在內4.accountfor做出解釋，提出理由5.lie-lay-lain-lying平躺；位于lay–laid–laid–laying放置；產卵6.Theboylyingonthegroundliedthathiscocklaidanegg.躺在地上的小男孩說他的公雞下了一只蛋。7.getinto(a)panic陷入恐慌狀態(tài)8.beat/inapanic在恐慌中9.becuriousabout對……好奇，感興趣10.outofcuriosity出于好奇11.satisfyone’scuriosity滿足某人的好奇心12.haveconnectionwith與…有聯(lián)系/有關聯(lián)13.haveadirect/close/strongconnectionwith與…有直接/密切/牢固的聯(lián)系14.havesth./nothingtodowith與…有關/與…無關15.berelatedto與…有關16.toone’sastonishment令某人吃驚的是17.toone’ssurprise令某人吃驚的是18.toone’sexcitement令某人激動的是19.toone’sdisappointment令人失望的是20.toone’ssorrow