國際英標(biāo)課件

(PhoneticAlphabet)音標(biāo)什么是音素：音素是語音的最小單位。音素的分類：元音和輔音。英語音素的個(gè)數(shù)：共48個(gè)，包含元音音素20個(gè)，輔音音素28個(gè)。元音概念：發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶振動，呼出的氣流通過口腔時(shí)不受阻礙，這樣形成的語音稱為元音。英語中有20個(gè)元音。元音分為單元音和雙元音。(A)單元音（12個(gè)）：

/i:/,/?/,/?:/,/?/,/u:/,/?/,/?:/,/?/,/ɑ:/,/Λ/,/e/,/?/,

短元音

長元音單元音又可分為_______和________。/?:/herlearnbirthdayfirstwork/?/aboutgrammar

ofhellosisterdoctorAugustSaturday/ɑ:/artstartlastafternoon/Λ/busdrumcomecountryson/e/bestwhenbreakfastmany/?/bagandfamilythatapple/i://i/busyveryladyy/i/livemissrichibesidedecideelectevillagecouragecottagea

Compare(比較一下！)it—eat2.live—leave3.fill—feel4.sit

—seat/e/bedbreadfedtenheadbesthendeadredweatherWordstoread/?/Wordstoreadsadmadmanbadapplehatgladfactstandfamilyfatcatbag/?/a[?:]earth heardnursehurt skirtfirmherpersonwordwork

Whatletterorlettergroupmakes

[?:]?earurireror

agoagainaddresshundredparentwaterteacherworkertodaypolicemancolourdoctor

a

eeroor/our[?][a:]carfardarkhalfpalmlaughauntbasketReadthewords[a:]aralauaReadthewordsbusrunlucknothinglovecountryyoung[Λ]uoou[Λ]PhrasesacomingbusupandupCompare

cut--cart2.luck—lark3.duck—dark4.tough—task

[?:]porkhorsedaughterbecausetalltalkdoorfloormorestoreReadthewordsoraualoorore[?:]Phrases[?:]

ashortstory

moreandmore

[?]sorrydogcopywashwhatReadthewords[?]oaPhrases[?]

borrowawatchlocksandclocksCompare

1.not—north2.fox—forks3.shot—short4.wok—walk[u:]ReadthewordsmoodbootzoomovewhoserulerJunesoupgroupooououPhrases[u:]

arudefoolusefultoolscoolthefood[u]Readthewordsfullcouldtookgoodwoodcookputstoodpullfoot[u][u]Phrasespushandpullagoodbooklookforthebook

cooklookfootwouldcouldshouldputJuly

[U]ooouluPractice聽下列單詞，寫出劃線部分的音標(biāo)：

dad-bedcup-capsheep-shipgood-bootdog-doormerry-marrybirthday-teachercard-butsing-songJapan-Japanese再次朗讀以上單詞。聽音標(biāo)，寫出句子。1.[ai][h?v][?][pen].2.[hi:][iz][t?:l].3.[it][iz][?][buk].4.[?i:][iz][?]['d?kt?].5.[ai][?m][?]['ti:t??]

.6.[s?m][b?:dz][ɑ:]['si?i?].Asheepisnotaship!Ashipisnotasheep!Theworkerhasabird.Fatherandmother,motherandfather,theygivemeahug(擁抱)!Adogisbehindthedoor.Oh,youlooksocool!雙元音的一般特點(diǎn)是:1)由兩個(gè)成分組成,發(fā)音時(shí)由一個(gè)元音向另一個(gè)元音滑動,發(fā)音過程口形有變化.2)前重后輕,第一個(gè)成分發(fā)音響亮清澈,第二個(gè)成分較輕弱模糊.3)前長后短,第一個(gè)成分發(fā)音較長,第二個(gè)成分發(fā)音較短./e?/,/a?/,/??

/,/??/,/a?/,/??/,/e?/,/??/(B)雙元音（8個(gè)）/e?/casedateday

playgreat/a?/likewhitenightmyhi/??/toynoisesoiljoy/??/snowknowboatoldnosofa/a?/outsoundnowtower/??/reallyyeardeerbeerhere/e?/hairbeardarefair/??/poorsuretour合口雙元音/ei//ai//?u//au//?i/

[ei]amakesnakenamefaceaimailpainpaintgainrainaydayplaywayMayeytheyheyeigheightweight常見字母和字母組合

[ai]

Readthewordsifinenicekniferideyshywhydryskyiediepieyebyeighhighlightnight

TonguetwisterMikelikestowritebythebrightlightatnight.2.Somepeoplelaugh,somepeoplecry;somegiveupandsomestilltry;somewillsayhiwhensomesaybye;somewillforgetyoubutneverwillI![?u]opostoldopenOlympicoaboatroadousoulshoulderowslowknowbowoughthoughalthough

Readthewords[au]ouaboutaroundsouthhourshoutowhowcowcrownReadthewords[?i]Readthewords

Boysandgirls,pleasepayattentionto“oy”!boytoyjoy

annoyingemployReadthewordsNowpleasepayattentionto“oi”!

oilsoilboilcoinpointnoise

集中雙元音[i?]Readthewordsearealreallyearhearbeardtearclearneareerbeerdeerpeerpioneerereheremere[??]Readthewords

are

darecaresharebarerare

air

hairflairfairstairrepair

ear

pearwear

ere

where

[u?]

Readthewordsoor

poormoorure

sureunsure

our

tourPractice讀下列單詞，寫出劃線部分的音標(biāo)：

gotakedearthosefoundboyhellolifehourviolinsurebearAustraliashow

請?jiān)俅卫首x這些單詞。Practice聽下列單詞，找出劃線部分發(fā)音不同的選項(xiàng)(每個(gè)單詞讀兩遍)：

1.A.cutB.comeC.doesD.box2.A.videoB.hideC.fiveD.nine3.A.coatB.homeC.dollarD.also4.A.each B.EnglishC.eighteenD.evening輔音概念：發(fā)音時(shí)呼出的氣流通過口腔或鼻腔時(shí)受到一定的阻礙，這樣形成的語音稱為輔音。英語中有28個(gè)輔音。輔音的分類按聲帶是否振動可分為清輔音和濁輔音兩類：發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶不振動的輔音稱為清輔音；發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶振動的輔音稱為濁輔音。有22個(gè)是成對出現(xiàn)的：清輔音/p//t//k//f//s//θ//?//h//t?/(/ts/)(/tr/)濁輔音

/b//d//g//v//z//e//?//r//d?/(/dz/)(/dr/)

其余6個(gè)濁輔音/m//n//?//l//w//j/按發(fā)音的方法可分為六類：爆破音6個(gè)：/p//b//t//d//k//g/氣流從口腔沖出，送氣有力；磨擦音10個(gè)：/f//v//s//z//θ//e//?//?//r//h/氣流通過發(fā)音器官的縫隙，發(fā)生磨擦而發(fā)音；破擦音6個(gè)：/ts//dz//tr//dr//t?//d?/是爆破音和磨擦音的結(jié)合；鼻輔音3個(gè)：/m//n//?/氣流從鼻腔通過，振動聲帶而發(fā)音；旁流音1個(gè)：/l/氣流從舌的兩旁空隙處流過，同時(shí)振動聲帶而發(fā)音；半元音2個(gè)：/w//j/像元音一樣，氣流直接從口腔通過，同時(shí)又像輔音一樣，氣流通過時(shí)與發(fā)音器官稍有磨擦。爆破音6個(gè):[p][b][t][d][k][g]

[p]

[p]Readthewords：paypipeputpiepeach注意：在[s]音的后邊,[p]音要讀成相應(yīng)的 濁輔音[b]sportspeedspend[b]

Readthewords

：birdbedbagbigbuybakebillbearbook[t]

Readthewords：teateacherteamtankitmeetcatthoughtboat注意：在[s]音的后邊,[t]音要讀成相應(yīng)的 濁輔音[d]

studentstandstick[d]

Readthewords：dodiddoesdeerdatedigdoomneedbedclimbed

[k]

Readthewords：ccakecarcancatcomekkitekeepckpickback

注意：在[s]音后面讀相應(yīng)的濁輔音[g]skyskillskate[g]

Readthewords：geesegogapgetbigbagbeg

爆破音小結(jié):

1)[p][t][k]是清輔音，發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶不震動，送氣要強(qiáng)。在詞末時(shí)不要加上元音[?]。2)[b][d][g]是濁輔音，發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶必須震動。在詞末時(shí)不要加上元音[?]。

摩擦音10個(gè):/f//v//s//z//θ//e//?//?//r//h/

[f]

[f]Readthewords：

ffivefirstlifefinefatfailfairfallfarm

phtelephonephoto

[v]

Readthewords：voteveryvaseleavefive

[s]

Readthewords：

sseemsetseeksayseebooksdensemousecups

cfaceiceraceprice[z]

Readthewords：

zzooprizezeal

sraisekneeseyes

[θ]

Readthewords：thinkteeththickthankthoughtbothtoothtruthfifthmouthfaith[e]

Readthewords：thisthatthesethosethenthanthough

[?]

Readthewords：shshipfishsheetsheepdishssureensuressassurechmachine[?]

Readthewords：

pleasureusualleisuremeasure[r]

Readthewords：rraceredricerainrightroadfreefrypraywr

wrongwrite[h]

Readthewords：hhothomehousehorsehatehighwh

【注意】wh在元音字母o前才發(fā)此音。

wholewhowhosewhom

摩擦音小結(jié):

發(fā)摩擦音時(shí)必須注意：1)口腔通道不完全阻塞,留有窄小空隙,氣流從中泄出時(shí)摩擦或震動成音。2)摩擦音可以延長而發(fā)音器官位置不變。破擦音:[t?][d?][tr][dr][ts][dz][t?][t?]Readthewords：cheapchildchestchokecheckcatchwatch

[d?]

Readthewords：

jjeepjokejewjuicegginchangedgjodgejudge[tr]

Readthewords：treetreattriptraintram

[dr]

Readthewords：dreamdragdrawdrinkchildren

[ts]

Readthewords：sitsseatsmates