【KS5U解析】北京市房山區(qū)2020屆高三二模英語試題 Word版含解析

房山區(qū)2020年高三銜接診斷試卷（二）英語試題本試卷共10頁，120分?？荚嚂r長100分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將答題卡交回，試卷自行保存。第一部分：知識運用（共兩節(jié)，45分）第一節(jié)語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）a閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。mawasbornintoadoctor’sfamilyin1933andbecameamilitarydoctorin1947.she___1___(apply)tobecomeaparatrooperin1961,butherfirstapplicationfailedbecausetherewerenofemaleparatroopersatthattime.butshelearnttoparachutebytraininghardinsecret.finally,shebecamechina’sfirstfemaleparatrooper.shesetanationalrecordastheoldestenlistedwomantodoaparachutejump___2___theageof51.shecompletedover140parachutingjumpsoveraperiodof20years.in2018,madonatedherentirelifesavingstoherhometown.this___3___(donate)wastosupportlocaleducationandpublicwelfare.【答案】1.applied2.at3.donation【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章簡要講述了中國第一位女傘兵——馬旭的生平故事?！?題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：她在1961年申請成為一名傘兵，但是她的第一次申請失敗了，因為當(dāng)時沒有女傘兵。根據(jù)時間狀語in1961可知，應(yīng)使用一般過去時。故填applied?！?題詳解】考查介詞。句意：她以51歲的年齡創(chuàng)下了跳傘年齡最大的女兵紀(jì)錄。在具體的多少歲的時候，應(yīng)使用介詞at。故填at?！?題詳解】考查名詞。句意：這筆捐款用于支持當(dāng)?shù)氐慕逃凸媸聵I(yè)。此處做主語，前有this，應(yīng)使用名詞單數(shù)形式，意為“這筆捐款”。故填donation。b閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。shadowplays,theearliestof___4___startedover2000yearsago,haveenjoyedalonghistoryinchinaandconsistofmanystyles.onefamousbranchdisplayedinmuseumiscalledtaianshadowplay.itisbelievedthatitoriginatedinthesongdynastywhenanemperorcametomounttaitooffersacrifice.inthepast,theauthenticshadowfigures___5___(make)ofdonkeyskin.butnowadays，tosavethe___6___(life)ofmanydonkeys,theyhavefoundsomeman-madematerials,whichareusedforthefiguresinthehands-onarea.【答案】4.which5.weremade6.lives【解析】本文是說明文。文章介紹了一種傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)形式皮影戲的起源以及制作材料方面的一些情況?！?題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：皮影戲(shadowplay)最早出現(xiàn)在2000多年前，在中國歷史悠久、風(fēng)格各異。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，“theearliestof_____startedover2000yearsago”是定語從句，先行詞是shadowplays，指物，關(guān)系詞在從句中作theearliestof后的介詞賓語；在定語從句中，先行詞指物時，在介詞后應(yīng)該用which；此處是“形容詞最高級+of+which”引導(dǎo)定語從句。故填which?！?題詳解】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：在過去，真正的皮影人物是用驢皮制作的。根據(jù)時間狀語inthepast可知，句子敘述的是過去的情況，應(yīng)該用一般過去時；句子主語theauthenticshadowfigures和make之間是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)該用被動語態(tài)，因此用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)bedone；短語bemadeof“由……制成”；主語theauthenticshadowfigures是復(fù)數(shù)，因此謂語動詞也應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)的形式；make是不規(guī)則變化動詞，過去式為made。故填weremade。【6題詳解】考查可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。句意：但是現(xiàn)在，為了挽救許多驢子的生命，他們找到了一些人造材料，用于實際操作部分的皮影人物。life是可數(shù)名詞；根據(jù)manydonkeys可知是“許多驢子的生命”，life應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填lives。c閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。theoceansareavaluablesourceofnaturalresources.someofthemare___7___(complete)newtous.mostnotableoftheseischina’sdiscoveryofanice-likesubstance,___8___(know)as“fireice”,underthesouthchinasea.inaddition,china’sunderwatervessels,suchasthejiaolongandshenhaiyongshi,havebeenexploringwatersatdepthsofthousandsofmetres.thejiaolongevenholdstherecordforthedeepestdivebyamannedsubmarine,at7,062metres,___9___(give)chinaitsplacealongsidetheworld’stopoceanexplorers.theresearchconductedbythesevesselsisprovidingscientistswithabetterunderstandingof____10____theseabedwasformed,aswellashelpingidentifyareasfordeep-seadrilling,takingdeep-seaexplorationintoawholenewera.【答案】7.completely8.known9.giving10.how【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了中國對深海探索的情況及意義?！?題詳解】考查副詞。句意：有些對我們來說是全新的。此處修飾形容詞new，應(yīng)使用副詞。故填completely?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：其中最值得注意的是，中國在中國南海海底發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種被稱為“火冰”的類冰物質(zhì)。know與anice-likesubstance是邏輯動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用過去分詞作定語，表被動。故填known?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：蛟龍?zhí)栠€保持著載人潛艇下潛最深的記錄，下潛深度為7062米，使中國在世界頂級海洋探險家之列占有一席之地。give與thejiaolong是邏輯主謂關(guān)系，且表示一種自然的結(jié)果，應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填giving【10題詳解】考查賓語從句。句意：這些船進行的研究為科學(xué)家提供了更好的了解海床是如何形成的，并有助于確定深海鉆探區(qū)域，將深海勘探帶入一個全新的時代。此處是賓語從句，連接詞在從句中做方式狀語，應(yīng)使用how引導(dǎo)。故填how。第二節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，共30分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的a、b、c、d四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。myeducationstartedinasmallvillageofindia,ididnothaveanyenglishthen.whenidiscoveredthatfamousnovelistgeorgeorwellwasborninmotihari,itmademewonderificouldbeawritertoo.thatday,itbecamemy____11____.myfatheropeneduptheworldofbooksforme.imusthavebeensevenoreight,whenhefirst____12____meahindi(印地語)storybook.whendadwasreadingthebookforme,iwas___13___bythestories.bythetimeiwasingrade10,ihadfinishedreadinghundredsofnovels.also,myprivatetutormademe____14____thatitwaspossibleformetolearnthelanguage.after10monthswithher,istartedreadingpicturebooksinenglish.twoyearslater,ibegantoreadmyfirstenglishnovel.theni____15____thatishouldtrywritingnewspaperarticles,improvemyskillsandthenprogresstolongerforms.iapproachedacoupleofhindinewspaperswithmywritingbutwaspromptly____16____.theysaidmyarticledidn’tliveuptotheirstandards.iwasso____17____thatidoubtedmyability.atthistime,imetkind-hearteddanielwho____18____myfirstarticleafterheavyediting.itwasanimportantturningpointforme,my____19____asawriterbegan.afterwritingadozenarticlesandreviews,iknewitwasfinallytimetoplanmynovel.____20____theplotwasreallytoughforme.imanagedtowritethefirst_____21_____ofmynovel!fullof_____22_____,isentittomarymount,afamouseditorrightaway.mysubmissionwas_____23_____again,butiwasstillgratefuljusttohearfromher.oneyearlater,ifinishedmywritingworkagain.i_____24_____anothereditor.amonthlater,thefeed-backlandedonmytable,butitwasdesperate,toputitmildly.i_____25_____,believingi’dnevergetpublished.whenishareditwithmyfriend,she_____26_____mealot.herfeedbackandsupporthelpedmeimprovemymanuscriptfurther.thenisubmittedittoafewpublishersandafewdayslater,igota_____27_____fromapublisher.tomy_____28_____,heinformedmethatmybookwouldbepublished.whatsurprisedmewasthatafewproductionhouseshadexpressedinterestinmynovel.oneofthedirectors_____29_____intendedtoadaptitforthescreen.itisbecauseofmy_____30_____andtheencouragementfrommyfamilyandfriend,after21yearsstruggling,thateventuallyifulfilledmydream.11.a.dream b.career c.memory d.ability12.a.returned b.lent c.drew d.bought13.a.attracted b.frightened c.amused d.warned14.a.remember b.regret c.believe d.suggest15.a.admitted b.realized c.explained d.complained16.a.putdown b.writtendown c.brokendown d.turneddown17.a.worried b.surprised c.depressed d.excited18.a.published b.refused c.copied d.recited19.a.program b.report c.drill d.journey20.a.creating b.sharing c.comparing d.deleting21.a.chapter b.draft c.line d.question22.a.pride b.energy c.expectation d.patience23.a.praised b.rejected c.accused d.collected24.a.invited b.helped c.protected d.contacted25.a.laughed b.cheered c.cried d.clapped26.a.rewarded b.donated c.thanked d.encouraged27.a.call b.book c.gift d.task28.a.sorrow b.delight c.disappointment d.embarrassment29.a.hardly b.just c.even d.only30.a.talent b.effort c.bravery d.modesty【答案】11.a12.d13.a14.c15.b16.d17.c18.a19.d20.a21.b22.c23.b24.d25.c26.d27.a28.b29.c30.b【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章作者講述了自己在寫作方面的成長歷程?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：那一天，它成了我的夢想。a.dream夢想；b.career職業(yè)；c.memory記憶；d.ability能力。根據(jù)上文itmademewonderificouldbeawritertoo.可知，成為作家成為我的夢想。故選a?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他第一次給我買了一本印地語故事書的時候，我大概有七、八歲。a.returned返回；b.lent借；c.drew畫；d.bought買。根據(jù)空后ahindi(印地語)storybook可知，父親給我買了一本印地語故事書。故選d?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)爸爸為我讀這本書的時候，我被故事所吸引。a.attracted吸引；b.frightened使害怕；c.amused使歡樂；d.warned警告。根據(jù)下文bythetimeiwasingrade10,ihadfinishedreadinghundredsofnovels.可知，我被故事所吸引。故選a?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：同時，我的私人老師讓我相信我是有可能學(xué)習(xí)語言的。a.remember記得；b.regret后悔；c.believe相信；d.suggest建議。根據(jù)下文after10monthswithher,istartedreadingpicturebooksinenglish.可知，老師讓我相信我是有可能學(xué)習(xí)語言的。故選c。【15題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然后我意識到我應(yīng)該嘗試寫報紙文章，提高我的技能，然后進步到更長的形式。a.admitted承認；b.realized意識到；c.explained解釋；d.complained抱怨。根據(jù)上文twoyearslater,ibegantoreadmyfirstenglishnovel.及空后ishouldtrywritingnewspaperarticles可知，讀了英文小說之后，我意識到我應(yīng)該嘗試寫文章了。故選b?！?6題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：我向幾家印地語報紙投稿，但立即遭到拒絕。a.putdown放下；b.writtendown寫下；c.brokendown分解，臨時出故障；d.turneddown拒絕，減少。根據(jù)下文theysaidmyarticledidn’tliveuptotheirstandards.可知，我的投稿被拒絕了。故選d?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我太沮喪了，以致于我懷疑我的能力。a.worried擔(dān)心的；b.surprised吃驚的；c.depressed沮喪的；d.excited興奮的。根據(jù)上文可知，投稿被拒絕了，肯定感到沮喪。故選c。【18題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在這個時候，我遇到了善良的daniel，他在經(jīng)過大量的編輯后發(fā)表了我的第一篇文章。a.published發(fā)表；b.refused拒絕；c.copied復(fù)制；d.recited背誦，敘述。根據(jù)空后myfirstarticleafterheavyediting可知，經(jīng)過大量的編輯后發(fā)表了我的第一篇文章。故選a?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這對我來說是一個重要的轉(zhuǎn)折點，我的寫作之旅開始了。a.program項目；b.report報告；c.drill訓(xùn)練，鉆孔機；d.journey旅行。根據(jù)下文afterwritingadozenarticlesandreviews,iknewitwasfinallytimetoplanmynovel.可知，我開始了自己的寫作之旅。故選d?！?0題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：創(chuàng)作情節(jié)對我來說真的很困難。a.creating創(chuàng)作；b.sharing分享；c.comparing比較；d.deleting刪除。根據(jù)上文iknewitwasfinallytimetoplanmynovel.及常識可知，第一次嘗試寫小說，創(chuàng)作情節(jié)應(yīng)該是很困難的。故選a?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我設(shè)法寫出了小說的初稿！a.chapter章；b.draft草稿；c.line臺詞；d.question問題。根據(jù)上文可知，第一次嘗試寫小說，此處應(yīng)該是小說的初稿。故選b?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：滿懷期待，我立刻把它寄給了著名編輯瑪麗·芒特。a.pride自豪，驕傲；b.energy精力，能量；c.expectation期望；d.patience耐心。根據(jù)空后isentittomarymount,afamouseditorrightaway.可知，我滿懷期待地把小說初稿寄了出去。故選c?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我的提交再次被拒絕，但我還是很感激能收到她的來信。a.praised表揚；b.rejected拒絕；c.accused控告；d.collected收集。根據(jù)上文及空后again可知，我再次被拒絕。故選b?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我聯(lián)系了另一位編輯。a.invited邀請；b.helped幫助；c.protected保護；d.contacted聯(lián)系。根據(jù)語境可知，完成作品后，聯(lián)系了另一位編輯。故選d?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我哭了，覺得我的作品永遠也不會發(fā)表了。a.laughed笑；b.cheered歡呼；c.cried哭；d.clapped拍手。根據(jù)上文可知，作品再次被拒絕，我覺得自己的作品永遠也不會發(fā)表了，所以傷心地哭了。故選c。【26題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我把它分享給我的朋友時，她給了我很大的鼓勵。a.rewarded獎勵；b.donated捐贈；c.thanked感謝；d.encouraged鼓勵。根據(jù)下文herfeedbackandsupporthelpedmeimprovemymanuscriptfurther.可知，我的朋友給了我很大的鼓勵。故選d?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然后我把它提交給了幾個出版商，幾天后，我接到了一個出版商的電話。a.call電話；b.book書；c.gift禮物；d.task任務(wù)。根據(jù)上文thenisubmittedittoafewpublishers及常識可知，我接到了一個出版商的電話。故選a?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：令我高興的是，他告訴我我的書要出版了。a.sorrow悲傷；b.delight高興；c.disappointment失望；d.embarrassment尷尬。經(jīng)常多次嘗試之后，我的書終于要出版了，肯定很高興。故選b?！?9題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：其中一位導(dǎo)演甚至打算把它改編成電影。a.hardly幾乎不；b.just僅僅；c.even甚至；d.only唯一。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示意外的結(jié)果，even符合語境。故選c?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：正是因為我的努力和家人朋友的鼓勵，經(jīng)過21年的奮斗，我終于實現(xiàn)了我的夢想。a.talent天賦；b.effort努力；c.bravery勇氣；d.modesty謙虛。根據(jù)上文可知，為了實現(xiàn)寫作的夢想，我付出了很多的努力。故選b?！军c睛】完形填空的解題技巧之一就是要根據(jù)上下文來學(xué)會“推理”出最佳選項。同學(xué)們要遵循“上下求索”的原則來查找信息。例如，第16小題，根據(jù)下文herfeedbackandsupporthelpedmeimprovemymanuscriptfurther.可知，我的朋友給了我很大的鼓勵。a.rewarded獎勵；b.donated捐贈；c.thanked感謝；d.encouraged鼓勵。句意：當(dāng)我把它分享給我的朋友時，她給了我很大的鼓勵。故選d。第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的a、b、c、d四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。adearfriends,youmaybefamiliarwithourgrowingcollectionofremarkabletruestoriesfromaroundtheworldaboutyounganimalsfacingdisasterandmisfortune:ababyhippoorphanedduringtheasiantsunamiandadoptedandraisedbya130-year-oldgianttortoise;ababypolarbearabandonedatbirthbyhismotherandhand-raisedbyacaringzookeeperattheberlinzoo.wearenowpleasedtointroduceyouanotherremarkabletruestory—unlikeourotherland-basedstories,thisonerisesfromthesea.thenameofthebookiscalledwinter’stail.thisisthestoryofwinter,ayoungfemaledolphinwhoinjuresandthenloseshertailafterbeinginjuredoffthecoastofflorida.theinjuredwinterisrescuedfromacrabtrapandbroughttotheclearwatermarineaquarium,amarineanimalhospital,wheresheatfirstadjustsandlearnstoswimwithouthertailbymovingherbodywithaside-to-sideaction.winter’sactionsandbehaviorscausegreatconcernamonghercaretakersbecauseitiscleartothemthatsheisinjuringherbodyandinternalorganswiththispainfulandinelegantmethodofmovement.butluckily,anengineerdesignedanartificialtailthatenableswintertoonceagainswimlikeadolphin.thesolutiontothisproblemcamefromthemiracleofmoderntechnology.itwasverychallengingbutnowwinteristhrivingandusinghernewtailwithgreatcommand.winterhasalreadybecomeaninspirationandaniconformillionstoucheddirectlyandindirectlybyalltypesofchallenges.thisisaninterestingbook.ihopeyouenjoytheinterestingandtouchingstoryofonebravelittledolphinwholearnedhowtoswimagain.withloveandhope,juliana31.fromthepassage,whatcanweknowaboutwinter?a.shewasrescuedbyazookeeper.b.shegetsusedtolivingwithouthertail.c.shewasabandonedatbirthbyhermother.d.sheswimsagainwiththehelpofanengineer.32.theletterisprobablywrittento.a.teenagers b.engineersc.swimmers d.zookeepers33.whydoestheauthorwritethisletter?a.tocallonpeopletoprotecttheanimals.b.toarousepeople’sinterestinthisstorybook.c.toattractmorepeopletowatchthedolphinshow.d.toinformthedevelopmentofmoderntechnology.【答案】31.d32.a33.b【解析】本文是應(yīng)用文。文章是一封信，在信中作者向讀者介紹一本書《winter’stail》的故事情節(jié)，希望讀者能夠閱讀、欣賞這有趣又感人的故事?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。文章第二段中提到海豚winter受傷后失去了尾巴。第三段中提到“anengineerdesignedanartificialtailthatenableswintertoonceagainswimlikeadolphin.”可知，一名工程師設(shè)計出了一種人造尾巴，使winter又可以像海豚一樣游泳。因此推斷在工程師的幫助下，winter再次能游泳了。故選d項?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。文章第一段中提到“…ourgrowingcollectionofremarkabletruestoriesfromaroundtheworldaboutyounganimalsfacingdisasterandmisfortune”作者收集了很多關(guān)于小動物面臨災(zāi)難和不幸的真實故事；文章第二、三段講述失去尾巴的海豚winter的故事。根據(jù)“remarkabletruestories”“younganimals”可知，關(guān)于各種小動物的故事書的讀者對象應(yīng)該是青少年。因此這封信是寫給青少年的。故選a項?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。第四段中提到“thisisaninterestingbook.ihopeyouenjoytheinterestingandtouchingstory”，作者在信中講述了失去尾巴的海豚winter的故事。作者寫這封信的目的是希望讀者能閱讀這有趣又感人的故事，激起人們閱讀這本書的興趣。故選b項。beverydayonherwalktoschool,khloethompson,anine-year-oldgirl,keptnoticingthesamehomelesspeopleandcouldn’thelpbutfeeltroubled.shekeptaskinghermomwhyorhowtheywerethere,andattheendoftheconversationshealwayswondered,“whatcanidotohelp?”seeingthesestrugglingindividualsinhercommunity,khloemadearesolutiontocreateherowncharitydevotedtoimprovingthelivesoflocalhomelesspeople.afterkhloemadethedecisionfirmly,shequicklybegantoeffectchangeinthehomelesscommunity,raisingspiritswhilelendingsomemuch-neededassistancetothoselivingonthestreet.“nodreamistoosmallortoobig!”writeskhloeonhergofundmepage,whichwassetupbykhloeandhermomalishaandhasraised$14,000inthetwomonthssinceitwasestablished,exceedingitsoriginal$10,000goal.“anyfundsraisedonthispagewillgotowardourcharityfilingfeesandanyfuturevolunteerprojects.themoreweraise,themorepeoplewecanhelp!”thecharity,calledkhloekares,isacommunityservice-orientedorganizationthatplansdifferentprojectstogivesomeassistancetothoseinneed.khloe’sfirstprojectwaskarebags,whichareintendedtohelpthehomeless.“iliketogivethemanicesturdybagthattheycanhaveforever,”sayskhloe,“sometimestheygivemehugsandthentheysaythankyou.”“asaparent,you’regoingtobeconcernedaboutherwalkinguptorandomstrangers,”saysalisha,whoaccompanieskhloewhenshehandsoutherkarebags.afterseeingpeople’spositivereactions,shesaid“peoplereallywarmuptoherquickly.”askhloestrivestohelpthosenearher,homelessnesshasbecomeanincreasinglypressingissue.forkhloe,karebagsarejustthebeginning.sheiscurrentlyplanningatoydriveforkidslivingingrouphomes,whichwilltakeplaceonjuly.shehascollectedabout$1,000worthoftoystogiveout,andadditionalvoluntarygiftswillgotowardstheraisefoundationoforangecounty,whosegoalistostopchildabuseandneglect.34.khloecreatedherowncharityto.a.collectmoneyforchildren’stoysb.helphomelesspeopleofthelocalareac.protectmorechildrenfromabuseandneglectd.improvethelivingconditionofthecommunity35.fromthepassage,wecanknowthatgofundmepage.a.isacommunityservice-orientedorganizationb.wassetupbykhloeandsomelocalvolunteersc.plansdifferentprojectstohelpthosepeopleinneeddraisesfundforfilingfeesandfuturevolunteerprojects36.whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribekhole?a.devotedandopen-minded.b.humorousandstrong-willed.c.determinedandwarm-hearted.d.knowledgeableandhard-working.37.whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitle?a.nolifeiseasyb.theroadtosuccessc.thepowerofvolunteersd.lendahandtostrangers【答案】34.b35.d36.c37.d【解析】本文是記敘文。為了幫助改善當(dāng)?shù)責(zé)o家可歸者的生活，khloe建立了慈善機構(gòu)khloekares，并創(chuàng)建了gofundme網(wǎng)頁，籌集資金，開展不同的項目來幫助那些需要幫助的人。【34題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“khloemadearesolutiontocreateherowncharitydevotedtoimprovingthelivesoflocalhomelesspeople.（科勒決定創(chuàng)立自己的慈善機構(gòu)，致力于改善當(dāng)?shù)責(zé)o家可歸者的生活。）”可知，khloe創(chuàng)立了自己的慈善機構(gòu)目的是幫助當(dāng)?shù)責(zé)o家可歸的人。故選b項。【35題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。文章第二段中提到“anyfundsraisedonthispagewillgotowardourcharityfilingfeesandanyfuturevolunteerprojects.”可知，khloe和她的媽媽alisha創(chuàng)建gofundme網(wǎng)頁來籌集的資金，這些資金將用于慈善申請費用和未來的志愿者項目。故選d項。【36題詳解】推理判斷題。文章第一段中提到“khloemadearesolutiontocreateherowncharitydevotedtoimprovingthelivesoflocalhomelesspeople.”和“khloemadethedecisionfirmly”，khloe決心創(chuàng)立自己的慈善機構(gòu)，致力于改善當(dāng)?shù)責(zé)o家可歸者的生活，并且是很堅定地做出這個決定。由此可知，khole是個很熱心、又有決心的人。故選c項?！?7題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據(jù)文章中的“improvingthelivesoflocalhomelesspeople”“givesomeassistancetothoseinneed”“helpthehomeless”可知，khloe建立了慈善機構(gòu)khloekares是為了幫助改善當(dāng)?shù)責(zé)o家可歸人的生活；她創(chuàng)建了gofundme網(wǎng)頁，籌集資金，以幫助更多的人。文章是關(guān)于khloe是如何幫助當(dāng)?shù)氐娜说摹Ｒ虼宋恼碌臉?biāo)題應(yīng)該是“幫助陌生人”。故選d項。cwhilegazingatanairplanepassingthousandsoffeetoverhead,orwhenyouarejustabouttoboardaflightattheairport,haveyouevernoticedthatthemajorityofairplanesarewhite?sure,somehavedecorationsandnamesindifferentcolors,butthebasecolorbehindthoseadd-onsisalmostalwayswhite.now,thinkingofyoursummerwardrobe,whichhasatleastacoupleofwhiteitems,beitat-shirt,apairofpants,oraskirt.themainreasonpeoplepreferwhiteonahotdayisitsparticularabilitytoreflectsunlight.thecolorwhiteisaterrificreflectorofsunlight,andreflectsalmostallthelightthatfallsonit,unlikeothercolors,whichabsorbsomeofthelight.so,justlikeclothing,aircraftproducersusewhitepainttokeepairplanescool.itminimizestheheatingaswellasthepotentialharmfromsolarradiation.planeshavesomepartsmadefromplastic,carbonfiber,andfiberglass.thosethingsinparticularneedthemostprotectionfromtheblazingsun.thenextreasonforpaintingplaneswhiteisevenmorepractical.it’sjustcheapertohavewhite-coloredplane.yousee,allairplanesstartoutwhitewhenthey’remade.butwhatifanairlinedecidestopainttheirs,say,brightyellow?anadditionallayerofpaintwilladdmorethan1,000poundsofweighttotheaircraft.thepaintonaboeing737weighs180kgandonaboeing747isaround500kg.weightincrementmeanstheincreaseoffuelburnt,andthatcangetpricey.mostairlineswanttoavoidthehighercost.whenflyingathighaltitudes,exposedtovariousatmosphericconditions,coloredairplanestendtofade,andthusrequirealotofpaintjobstomaintaintheirartisticappeal.awhite-coloredairplane,ontheotherhand,doesn’tappearsignificantlydifferent,evenafterspendingaconsiderableamountoftimeintheair.besides,airplanesareregularlyinspectedforcracksandanyotherformofsurfacedamageforobvioussafetyreasons.nothingworksbetterthanwhitewhenitcomestospottingacrackonthesurface,asthecrackisalmostalwaysdarkerthanwhite.plus,awhiteplaneiseasiertospotvisuallyintheeventofacrashoranyothermishap,especiallyatnight,orinamassivebodyofwater.additionally,astudypublishedinhuman-wildlifeinteractionsfoundthatthepaintjobdoesmakeadifferencetobirds:“thisfindingsuggeststhatawhiterairframewouldstandoutmoreagainsttheskyfromtheperspectiveoftheflyingbird’svisualsystem.”accordingtoabc,approximately$300milliondollars’worthofdamagetoplanesiscausedbybirdseachyear.thereyouhaveit:planesarewhitetokeepyouassafeandcomfortableaspossible,withtheaddedbonusofhittingbyfewerbirds.38.whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?a.coloredairplaneiseasiertospotwhenintheeventofacrash.b.whitecolorcanabsorbsomeofthelightandmaketheplanecool.c.whitepaintcandecreasethepossibledamageofthesunradiation.d.coloredaircraftsdonotfadeeasilyandmaintainthecolorforalongtime.39.theunderlinedword“that”inparagraph3refersto.a.theaircrafts b.white-coloredplanec.mostairlines d.theincreaseoffuelburnt40.whydoestheauthormentionthebirdsinthelastparagraph?a.tointroducehowthebirds’visualsystemworks.b.toshowthecostofanairplaneisquiteexpensive.c.tostatewhiteplaneismoreobvioustoflyingbirds.d.tostresshowseriousdamagebirdscandotoplanes.41.themainpurposeofthispassageisto.a.informandexplain b.discussandclarifyc.analyzeandadvise d.compareandevaluate【答案】38.c39.d40.c41.a【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了為什么大多數(shù)飛機都是白色的。【38題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的so,justlikeclothing,aircraftproducersusewhitepainttokeepairplanescool.itminimizestheheatingaswellasthepotentialharmfromsolarradiation.可知，所以，就像衣服一樣，飛機制造商使用白色涂料來保持飛機涼爽。它將盡量減少加熱，并且將太陽輻射的潛在危害降到最低。由此可知，白色涂料可以減少太陽輻射可能造成的損害。故選c?！?9題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在句weightincrementmeanstheincreaseoffuelburnt,andthatcangetpricey.的可知，重量的增加意味著燃料消耗的增加，那可能會變得昂貴。由此可知，that指的是上半句中的theincreaseoffuelburnt。故選d。【40題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的thisfindingsuggeststhatawhiterairframewouldstandoutmoreagainsttheskyfromtheperspectiveoftheflyingbird’svisualsystem.可知，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，從飛行鳥類的視覺系統(tǒng)的角度來看，更白的機身在天空中更顯眼。由此可知，作者在最后一段提到鳥類是為了說明，白色的飛機對飛翔的鳥類來說更明顯。故選c?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的whilegazingatanairplanepassingthousandsoffeetoverhead,orwhenyouarejustabouttoboardaflightattheairport,haveyouevernoticedthatthemajorityofairplanesarewhite?(當(dāng)你凝視著從幾千英尺高空飛過的飛機時，或者當(dāng)你正要在機場登機時，你是否注意到大多數(shù)飛機都是白色的？)可知，此處引出話題，然后后文主要解釋了為什么大多數(shù)飛機都是白色的。由此可知，這篇文章的主要目的是告知和解釋。故選a。dsometimes,whenlookingatthethingsthathavebeenlyingaroundforalongtimeinourlives,weprobablyrealizethatthoseitemsmaybeusefultoothers.withthedevelopmentoftheinternet,onlinecommunitieshavefiguredoutawaytogenerateprofitfromthesharingofthoseunderusedassets.usingwebsitesandsocialmediaplatformsthatfacilitatethebuyingandsellingofsecond-handgoods,itisnoweasierthaneverforpeer-to-peersharingactivitiestotakeplace.andthisiswhatwecallsharingeconomy.oneofthethingsconsumersappreciatewhenusingorworkinginthesharingeconomyisthe?exibility.itoffersservicestopeoplewhenandwheretheywantthem.forthosewhodon’tcarefortraditionalofficework,sharingeconomiesdonotrequireprofessionalworkingenvironments,sothereisnoneedtoputyourselfinanatmospherethatun?tsforyourpersonality.itallowspeopletochoose?exibleatmospheretoworkremotelyinsteadofinonephysicalofficespace.asharingeconomyhelpsconsumerstoearnmoneybyrentingoutunderusedgoodsorresources.forexample,youcanrentoutahomeusingairbnb,expensivetoolsfromone’sgarage,cars,orevensharingthegroceriesbeforegoingonaholiday.alloftheseprovideawayforitemstoberesoldandrepurposedinsteadofjustthrownaway.therefore,ithelpstoreducewasteandmakeorsavemoneyfortheproviderandusers.butthesharingeconomyisnotwithoutcriticisms.thesharingeconomyisdevelopingfasterthanexistingregulationsorongoingsupervision.onedownsideisthatinmanycasesthereisalackofregulationtochecktheproductsandservicesexchangedduringthesedeals.unlikeformalcompanies,unregulatedindividualsdonotfollowcertainregulationsandthiscanleadtopoorerandinconsistentqualityofgoodsandservicesandahigherriskoffraud.forexample,hotelsareinspectedtoassurequality,whereassomeapartmentsforshort-termrentalonlinearenot.thedigitally-drivenpeer-to-peernatureofthesharingeconomyservicessometimesdoesn’tmatchwellwithcertainregulations,whichontheotherhand,helpskeeptheprovidedservicesmoreaffordable.anotherproblemisrelatedtosafetyconcerns.mostsharingeconomyplatformsarebasedontrust,aswellasratingsbyguestsandhosts.butsometimesithappensthatoneusesacar,orrentsanapartmentanditistotallydifferentthanoneimagines.afterall,wehaveheardsomeunpleasanttalesofguestsandhosts.thesharingeconomyde?nitelyhasitsloversandhaters.manyarenotreadytoswitchtothatmodel,whereothersarealreadyusingmorethanfourplatformsintheirdailylives.42.whatmakespeer-to-peersharingactivitieseasier?a.theconvenienceofthenetwork.bthedevelopmentofcommunity.c.people’skeepingunderusedthings.d.people’sdemandofsecond-handgoods.43.theexampleinparagraph4isusedtoshow.a.sharingeconomyservicesaremoreaffordableb.short-termrentalapartmentsarecheaperthanhotelsc.thecurrentrulescan’tregulatethequalityofonlinebusinessd.apartmentsrentalonlinecan’tensurethesafetyoftheguests44.whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardssharingeconomy?a.supportive. b.neutral. c.disapproving. d.doubtful.45.whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage?i:introductionp:pointsp:sub-point(次要點)c:conclusiona. b.c. d.【答案】42.a43.c44.b45.b【解析】這是一篇議論文。通過實例，客觀說明共享經(jīng)濟的好處與壞處，以及人們對這種新生事物的態(tài)度?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。審題得知什么使得peer-to-peersharingactivities人到人共享活動這么容易方便。通過關(guān)鍵詞可定位于此：withthedevelopmentoftheinternet,….usingwebsitesandsocialmediaplatformsthatfacilitatethebuyingandsellingofsecond-handgoods,itisnoweasierthaneverforpeer-to-peersharingactivitiestotakeplace.隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展……，使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)和社交媒體平臺買賣二手商品，現(xiàn)在使得人到人共享經(jīng)濟活動，比以前更方便、更容易了。這里可以得知是網(wǎng)絡(luò)使得這一活動更容易的，故theconvenienceofthenetwork“網(wǎng)絡(luò)的便捷性”切合文意。故選a?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。審題得知第四段的例子說明什么。舉例說明的事物往往是例子前面的內(nèi)容，故定位于此：thesharingeconomyisdevelopingfasterthanexistingregulationsorongoingsupervision.分享經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展速度超過了現(xiàn)有的法規(guī)或持續(xù)的監(jiān)管。據(jù)此可推定此例子是用來說明目前的規(guī)則無法規(guī)范網(wǎng)絡(luò)業(yè)務(wù)的質(zhì)量，正如c選項所指出的那樣：thecurrentrulescan’tregulatethequalityofonlinebusiness。當(dāng)今的規(guī)則不能約束網(wǎng)絡(luò)商務(wù)活動的品質(zhì)。切合文意。故選c?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。這是詢問觀點態(tài)度的題目。這類題目的要點是每段首句要綜合起來分析。第一段結(jié)尾下定義：andthisiswhatwecallsharingeconomy.這就是我們叫做共享經(jīng)濟的東西。第二段首句：oneofthethingsconsumersappreciatewhenusingorworkinginthesharingeconomyisthe?exibility.消費者欣賞共享經(jīng)濟時的一件事就是靈活性。第三段首句：asharingeconomyhelpsconsumerstoearnmoneybyrentingoutunderusedgoodsorresources.共