閱讀理解-高考+聯(lián)考模擬英語試題分項版解析（解析版）

1.[2016?全國新課標(biāo)I】AYimportantwomanofthepast100years?JaneAddams(1860-1935)AnyonewhohaseverbeenhelpedbyasocialworkerhasJaneAddamstothank.Addanshelpedthepoorandworkedforpeace.Sheencouragedasenseofcommunity(社區(qū))bycreatingsheltersandpromotingeducationandservicesforpeopleinneedIn1931,AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwomantowintheNobelPeacePrize.RachelCarson(1907-1964)Ifitweren'tforRachelCarson,theenvironmentalmovementmightnotexisttoday.Herpopular1962bookSilentSpringraisedawarenessofthedangersofpollutionandtheharmfuleffectsofchemicalsonhumansandontheworld'slakesandoceans.SandraDayO,Connor(1930-present)WhenSandraDayO'ConnorfinishedthirdinherclassatStanford'Connorgavethedecidingvoteinmanyimportantcasesduringher24yearsonthetopcourt.RosaParks(1913-2005)OnDecember1,1955,inMontgomery,Alabama,RasaParkswouldnotgiveupherseatonabustoapassenger.HersimpleactlandedParksinprison.ButitalsosetofftheMontgmerybusboycott.Itlastedformorethanayear,andkickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement.**Theonlytired1was,wastiredofgivingin,“saidParks.Hersocialwork.Herlackofpropertraininginlaw.Hereffortstowinaprize.Hercommunitybackground.WhatisthereasonforO'Connor'sbeingrejectedbythelawfirm?Herlackofpropertraininginlaw.Herlittleworkexperienceincourt.Thediscriminationagainstwomen.Thepoorfinancialconditions.Whomadeagreatcontributiontothecivil-rightsmovementintheUS?A.JaneAddams.B.A.JaneAddams.B.RachelCarson.C.SandraDayO'Connor.D.RosaParks.Whatcanweinferaboutthewomenmentionedinthetext?A.Theyarehighlyeducated. B.Theyaretrulycreative.C.Theyarepioneers. D.Theyarepeace-lovers.【答案】考點：考查人物類短文閱讀【技巧點撥】細(xì)節(jié)理解題的解題可以先從問題中抓住關(guān)鍵性詞語（題眼），然后以此為線索，運用略讀及查讀的技巧快速在文章中尋找與此問題相關(guān)的：段落、語句，仔細(xì)品味，對照比較，確定答案。[2016-全國新課標(biāo)I】BGrandparentsAnsweraCallAsathirdgenerationnativeofBrownsville,Texas,MildredGarzaneverpleasedmoveaway,.EvenwhenherdaughterandsonaskedhertomovetoSanAntoniotohelptheirchildren,shepolitelyrefused.OnlyafterayearoffriendlydiscussiondidMsGaffinallysayyes.Thatwasfouryearsago.Todayallthreegenerationsregardthemovetoasuccess,givingthemacloserrelationshipthantheywouldhavehadinseparatecities.NostatisticsshowthenumberofgrandparentslikeGarzawhoaremovingclosertothechildrenandgrandchildren.Yetthereisevidencesuggestingthatthetrendisgrowing.EvenPresidentObama'smother-in-law,MarianRobinson,hasagreedtoleaveChicagoandintotheWhiteHousetohelpcarefbrhergranddaughters.Accordingtoastudygrandparentscom.83percentofthepeoplesaidMrs.Robinson*sdecisionwillinfluencethegrandparentsintheAmericanfamily.Two-thirdsbelievemorefamilieswillfollowtheexampleofObama'sfamily.“inthe1960swewereallalittlewildandcouldn'tgetawayfromhomefarenoughfastenoughtoprovewecoulddoitonourown,“saysChristineCrosby,publisherofgratemagazineforgrandparents.Wenowrealizehowimportantfamilyisandhowimportant""tobenearthem,especiallywhenyou'rerainingchildren.MMovingisnotfbreveryone.Almosteverygrandparentwantstobewithhisorhergrandchildrenandiswillingtomakesacrifices,butsometimesitiswisertosaynoandvisitfrequentlyinstead.Havingyourgrandchildrenfarawayishard,especiallyknowingyouradultchildisstruggling,butgivingupthelifeyouknowmaybeharder.WhywasGarza'smoveasuccess?Itstrengthenedherfamilyties.Itimprovedherlivingconditions.C.Itenabledhermakemorefriends.D.Ithelpedherknowmorenewplaces.Robinson\decision?17%expressedtheirsupportforit.Fewpeoplerespondedsympathetically.83%believedithadabadinfluence.Themajoritythoughtitwasatrend.27.WhatdidCrosbysayaboutpeopleinthe1960s?Theywereunsureofraisemorechildren.Theywereeagertoraisemorechildren.Theywantedtoliveawayfromtheirparents.Theybadlittlerespectfortheirgrandparent.hatdoestheauthorsuggestthegrandparentsdointhelasrparagraph?Makedecisionsinthebestinterests'oftheirownAsktheirchildrentopaymorevisitstothemSacrificefortheirstrugglingchildrenGettoknowthemselvesbetter【答案】25-28.ADCA考點：社會生活類短文閱讀【技巧點撥】推理判斷題屬于主觀題，是層.次較高的題目。此類題要求通過文章中的文字信息，上下文邏輯關(guān)系及事物的發(fā)展變化等已知的信息，推斷出作者暗含的意思。解題關(guān)鍵要注意表明作者觀點、立場的動詞、名詞、形容詞和副詞等。28題中則根據(jù)itiswisertosayno推斷出作者的立場。[2016?全國新課標(biāo)I]CIampeterHodes,avolunteerstemcourier.SinceMarch2012,Fvedone89tripsofthose,51havebeenabroad,Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells（干細(xì)胞）inmylittleboxbecauseI'vegottwoicepacksandthafshowlongtheylast,inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor（捐獻者）tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,we'vegot72hoursatmost,SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.IhadonetriplastyearwhereIwascaughtbyahurricaneinAmerica.IpickedupthestemcellsinProvidence,RhodeIsland,andwasmeanttoflytoWashingtonthenbacktoLondon.ButwhenIarrivedatthecheck-indeskatProvidence,theladyonthedesksaid:"Well,I'mreallysorry,I,vegotsomebadnewsforyou-therearenofightsfromWrashington."SoItookmyboxandputitonthedeskandIsaid:"Inthisboxaresomestemcellsthatareurgentlyneededforapatient-please,please,you'vegottogetmebacktotheUnitedKingdom.^^Shejustdroppedeverything.Shearrangedfbraflightonasmallplanetobeheldformere-rouled（改道）methroughNewarkandgotmebacktotheUKevenearlierthanoriginallyscheduled.Forthiscourierjob,you'reconsciouslyawarethanthatboxyou'regotsomethingthatispotentiallygoingtosavesomebody'slife.“courier“inParagraph17Aprovider BdeliverymanCcollector DmedicaldoctorHecannotstayawayfromhisjobtoolong.Thedonorcanonlywaitfbrthatlong.Theoperationneedsthatverymuch.Theicewon'tlastanylonger.A.ToLondonB.ToNewarkC.ToProvidenceD.ToWashington【答案】【技巧點撥】詞義猜測題的答題技巧。1.根據(jù)定義或上下文解釋進行猜測2.根據(jù)同位關(guān)系進行猜測3.根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法（前綴、后綴、復(fù)合、派生等）進行猜測4.根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系進行猜測。在本文中要根據(jù)上下文對作者工作的描寫來推測出正確的詞義。D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句Ihave42hourstocarrystemcellsinmylittleboxbecauseI'vegottwoicepacksandthat、howlongtheyIasi.可知冰盒只能保持42小時適宜的溫度。故選D□考點：故事類短文閱讀[2016-全國新課標(biāo)I】DThemeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups.Silencesmaybethoughtful,ortheymaybeemptywhenapersonhasnothingtosay.Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness,orworry.Silencemaybeviewedbysomeculturalgroupsasextremelyuncomfortable;thereforeattemptsmaybemadetofilleverygap（間隙）wilhconversation.Personsinotherculturalgroupsvaluesilenceandviewitasnecessaryforunderstandingaperson'sneeds.ManyNativeAmericansvaluesilenceandfeelitisabasicpartofcommunicatingamongpeople,justassometraditionalChineseandThaipersonsdo.Therefore,whenapersonfromoneoftheseculturesisspeakingandsuddenlystops,whatmaybeimplied（暗示）isthatthepersonwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing.Inthesecultures,silenceisacallforreflection.Otherculturesmayusesilenceinotherways,particularlywhendealingwithconflictsamongpeopleorinrelationshipsofpeoplewithdifferentamountsofpower.Forexample,Russian,French,andSpanishpersonsmayusesilencetoshowagreementbetweenpartiesaboutthetopicunderdiscussion.However,Mexicansmayusesilencewheninstructionsaregivenbyapersoninauthorityratherthanberudetothatpersonbyarguingwithhimorher.Instillanotheruse,personsinAsianculturesmayviewsilenceasasignofrespect,particularlytoanelderorapersoninauthority.Nursesandothercare-giversneedtobeawareofthepossiblemeaningsofsilencewhentheycomeacrossthepersonalanxietytheirpatientsmaybeexperiencing.Nursesshouldrecognizetheirownpersonalandculturalconstructionofsilencesothatapatient'ssilenceisnotinterruptedtooearlyorallowedtogoonunnecessarily.Anursewhounderstandsthehealing（治愈）valueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatientsfromtheirownandfromothercultures.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsilenceinconversations?Itimpliesanger.Itpromotesfriendship.Itisculture-specific.Itiscontent-based.Whichofthefollowingpeoplemightregardsilenceasacallforcarefulthought?TheChinese.TheFrench.TheMexicans.D.TheRussians.Whatdoestheauthoradvisenursestodoaboutsilence?Letitcontinueasthepatientpleases.Breakitwhiletreatingpatients.Evaluateitsharmtopatients.Makeuseofitshealingeffects.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?SoundandSilenceWhatItMeanstoBeSilentSilencetoNativeAmericansSpeechIsSilver;SilenceIsGold【答案】考點：社會生活類短文閱讀5.[2016?全國新課標(biāo)n】AWhafsOn?ElectricUndergroundDoyouknowwho'splayinginyourarea?We'rebringingyouaneveningofliverockandpopmusicfromthebestlocalbands.Areyouinterestedinbecomingamusicianandgettingarecordingcontract（合同GeeWhizz快餐）.Simon'sWorkshopThisisagoodchanceforanyonewhowantstolearnhowtodocomedy.Theworkshoplooksateverykindofcomedy,andpracticesmanydifferentwaysofmakingpeoplelaugh.Simonisacomedianandactorwhohas10years,experienceofteachingcomedy.Hisworkshopsareexcitingandfun.AneveningwithSimonwillgiveyoutheconfidencetobefunny.CharlotteStoneFinefoodwithbeautifuljazzmusic;thisisagreateveningout.CharlotteStonewillperformsongsfromhernewbest-sellingCD,withJamesPickeringonthepiano.ThemenuisItalian,withexcellentmeatandfreshfish,pizzasandpasla（面食）.Bookearlytogetatable.Ourbarisopenallday,andservescocktails,coffee,beer,andwhitewine.Whocanhelpyouifyouwanttohaveyourmusicproduced?A.JulesSkye. B.GeeWhizz.C.CharlotteStone.D.JamesPickering.Atwhichplacecanpeopleofdifferentagesenjoyagoodlaugh?A.TheCyclopsTheatreB.KaleidoscopeC.VictoriaStageD.PizzaWorldWhatdoweknowaboutSimon'sWorkshop?A.Itrequiresmembershipstatus.B.Itlaststhreehourseachtime.C.Itisrunbyacomedyclub.D.ItisheldeveryWednesday.WhenwillCharlotteStoneperformhersongs?A.【答案】【名師點睛】本文屬于廣告類短文，所考查四題均為細(xì)節(jié)題中的宜接理解題。細(xì)節(jié)事實理解題主要考查考生對文章中某一些特定細(xì)節(jié)或文章的重要實事的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解題和語義理解題兩種。宜接理解題的答案與原文直接掛鉤，從閱讀材料中可以找到。這種題難度低，只要學(xué)生讀懂文章，就能得分，屬于低層次題。在閱讀中可以使用定位法與跳讀法解決宜接理解題。定位法即根據(jù)題干和選項所提供的信息直接從原文中找到相應(yīng)的句子（即定位），然后進行比較和分析（尤其要注意一些同義轉(zhuǎn)換），從而找出正確答案。跳讀法即根據(jù)題干和選項所提供的信息跳讀原文，并找到相關(guān)的句子（有時可能是幾個句子）或段落，然后進行分析和推理等，從而找出正確答案。以本文為例，我們根據(jù)題干中“peopleofdifferentagesenjoyagoodlaugh”所有年齡段的人都能夠從中獲得笑聲，直接定位第二則廣告第三句Thisjoyfulshowwillpleaseeveryone,fromtheyoungesttotheoldest可知這場表演能夠讓所有年齡段的人都很開心，故選擇B項?？键c：考查廣告類閱讀[2016?全國新課標(biāo)H】BFiveyearsago,whenItaughtartataschoolinSeattle,IusedTinkertoysasatestatthebeginningofatermtofindoutsomethingaboutmystudents.IpulasmallsetofTinkertoysinfrontofeachstudent,andsaid/'MakesomethingoutoftheTinkertoys.Youhave45minutestoday-and45minuteseachdayfortherestoftheweek.^^Afewstudentshesitatedtostart.Theywaitedtoseetherestoftheclasswoulddo.Severalotherscheckedtheinstructionsandmadesomethingaccordingtooneofthemodelplansprovided.Anothergroupbuiltsomethingoutoftheirownimaginations.OnceIhadaboywhoworkedexperimentallywithTinkertoysinhisfreetime.Hisconstructionsfilledashelfintheartclassroomandagoodpartofhisbedroomathome.Iwasdelightedatthepresenceofsuchastudent.Herewasanexceptionallycreativemindatwork.HispresencemeantthatIhadanunexpectedteachingassistantinclasswhosecreativitywouldinflect（感染）otherstudents.Encouragingthiskindofthinkinghasadownside.Irantheriskoflosingthosestudentswhohadadifferentstyleofthinking.Withoutfailonewoulddeclare,"ButI'mjustnotcreative.^^“Doyoudreamatnightwhenyou'reasleep?”“Oh,sure.”“Sotellmeoneofyourmostinterestingdreams/'Thestudentwouldtellsomethingwildlyimaginative.Flyingintheskyorinatimemachineorgrowingthreeheads."That'sprettycreative.Whodoesthatforyou?”“Nobody.Idoit.”uReally-atnight,whenyou'reasleep?”“Sure.”“Trydoingitinthedaytime,inclass,okay?”TheteacherusedTinkertoysinclassinorderto?A.knowmoreaboutthestudentsB.makethelessonsmoreexcitingC.raisethestudents*interestinartD.teachthestudentsabouttoydesignWhatdoweknowabouttheboymentionedinParagraph3?A.Helikedtohelphisteacher.B.Hepreferredtostudyalojie.C.Hewasactiveinclass.D.Hewasimaginative.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“downside“inParagraph4probablymean?A.Mistake.B.Drawback.C.Difficulty.D.Burden.Whydidtheteacheraskthestudentstotalkabouttheirdreams?A.Tohelpthemtoseetheircreativity.B.Tofindoutabouttheirsleepinghabits.C.Tohelpthemtoimprovetheirmemory.D.Tofindoutabouttheirwaysofthinking.【答案】5.A6.D7.B8.A**Irantheriskoflosingthosestudentswhohadadifferentstyleofthinking."可知我冒著失去那些有不同思維方式的學(xué)生的危險。說明我的這種教育方法也有不足之處。故劃線詞意為“drawback缺點:故B正確?！久麕燑c睛】本文屬于詞義猜測題。我們可以根據(jù)后句M1rantherisk thinking.w中的"risk"說明我的教育方法也有不足之處，故劃線詞意為“drawback缺點，不足:本題屬于典型的理由上下文語境推測。近幾年高考閱讀中猜測詞義考查方法多樣化，其中根據(jù)上下文語境推測將會越來越多。根據(jù)上下文語境作出判斷：有時短文中出現(xiàn)一個需猜測其意義的詞或短語，下面接著出現(xiàn)其定義域解釋或例子，這就是判斷該詞或短語意義的主要依據(jù)。請看下例：ShanghaiBashiTourismCarRentalCentreoffersawidevarietyofchoices-deluxesedans,minivans,stationwagons*coaches,Santanasedansarethebigfavorite.從前面的CarRentalCenter可知出租車公司提供的只能是carsforrent（出租汽車），也就是說劃線的詞都是出租汽車的名稱。除此之外，我們還可以根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系進行判斷：根據(jù)上下句的連接詞，如but,however,otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意義上的差別，從而依據(jù)某一句的含義，來確定另一句的含義。另外，分號（；）也可以表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對比或不相干的意義。還可以根據(jù)因果關(guān)系進行判斷：俗話說，“有因必有果，有果必有因”。根據(jù)原因可以預(yù)測結(jié)果，根據(jù)結(jié)果也可以找出原因。例如Biggestpowerfailureinthecity'shistory...Allofourice-creamandfrozenfoodsmelted.根據(jù)因果關(guān)系，停電只能導(dǎo)致冰淇淋和冷凍食品“融化”，也就是melted?？键c：考查記敘文閱讀7.[2016?全國新課標(biāo)H】CReadingcanbeasocialactivity.Thinkofthepeoplewhobelongtobookgroups.Theychoosebookstoreadandthenmeettodiscussthem.Now,thewebsiteturnsthepageonthetraditionalideaofabookgroup.Membersgoonthesiteandregisterthebookstheyownandwouldliketoshare.BookCrossingprovidesanidentificationnumbertostickinsidethebook.Thenthepersonleavesitinapublicplace,hopingthatthebookwillhaveanadventure,travelingfarandwidewitheachnewreaderwhofindsit.BrucePederson,themanagingdirectorofBookCrossing,says,“Thetwothingsthatchangeyourlifearethepeopleyoumeetandbooksyouread.BookCrossingcombinesboth.”Membersleavebooksonparkbenchesandbuses,intrainstationsandcoffeeshops.Whoeverfindstheirbookwillgotothesiteandrecordwheretheyfoundit.Peoplewhofindabookcanalsoleaveajournalentrydescribingwhattheythoughtofit.E-mailsarethensenttotheBookCrossingtokeepthemupdatedaboutwheretheirbookshavebeenfound.Brucepetersonsaystheideaisforpeoplenottobeselfishbykeepingabooktogatherdustonashelfathome.BookCrossingispartofatrendamongpeoplewhowanttogetbacktothe“real"andnotthevirtual（虛擬）.Thesitenowhasmorethanonemillionmembersinmorethanonehundredthirty-fivecountries.Whydoestheauthormentionbookgroupsinthefirstparagraph?A.Toexplainwhattheyare.C.Tostresstheimportanceofreading.D.Toencouragereaderstosharetheirideas.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inParagraph2referto?A.WhatwillaBookCrosserdowithabookafterreadingit?C.Passitontoanotherreader.D.Mailitbacktoitsowner.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.OnlineReading:AVirtualTourB.ElectronicBooks:AnewTrendC.ABookGroupBringsTraditionBackD.AWebsiteLinksPeoplethroughBooks【答案】9.B 10.All.C12.D【名師點睛】本文考查了代詞指代題。根據(jù)本句”hopingthatthebookwillhaveanadventure,travelingfarandwidewitheachnewreaderwhofinds_it,,留下書的人希望自己的書能夠隨著找到它的人走得更遠(yuǎn)?？芍渲械膇l指代前半句提到的同一事物“thebook”。閱讀的時候我們可以根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系進行選擇：文章中的代詞it,that,he,him或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that還可以指一件事。有時代詞指代的對象相隔較遠(yuǎn)，要認(rèn)真查找；有時需要對前面提到的內(nèi)容進行總結(jié)，才能得出代詞所指代的事。例如：However,thequestionthat"moonpeople"askedisstillaninterestingone.Agrowingnumberofscientistsareseriouslythinkingaboutit.首先，it指上句中的thequestion,而thequestion又指上一段中"月球人”所提的問題，所以要經(jīng)過兩次查找才能選出答案。考點：考查說明文閱讀[2016?全國新課標(biāo)n】DAnewcollectionofphotosbringsanunsuccessfulAntarcticvoyagebacktolife.FrankHurley'spictureswouldbeoutstanding-■-undoubtedlyfirst-ratephoto-journalism■一iftheyhadbeenmadelastweek.Infact,theywereshotfrom1914through1916,mostofthemafteradisastrousshipwreck（海灘）,byacameramanwhohadnoreasonableexpectationofsurvival.Manyoftheimageswerestoredinanicechest,underfreezingwater,inthedamagedwoodenship.TheshipwastheEndurance,asmall,tight,Norwegian-builtthree-masterthatwasintendedtotakeSirErnestShackletonandasmallcrewofseamenandscientists,27meninall,tothesouthernmostshoreofAntarctica'sWeddellSea.FromthatpointShackletonwantedtoforceapassagebydogsled（雪橇）acrossthecontinent.ThejourneywasintendedtoachievemorethanwhatCaptainRobertFalconScotthaddone.CaptainScotthadreachedtheSouthPoleearlyin1912buthaddiedwithhisfourcompanionsonthemarchback.AswriterCarolineAlexandermakesclearinherforcefulandwell-researchedstoryTheEndurance,adventuringwaseventhenathoroughlycommercialeffort.Scott'slastjourney,completedasbelayinatentdyingofcoldandhunger,caughttheworld'simagination,andafilmmadeinhishonordrewcrowds.Shackleton,aonetimeBritishmerchant-navyofficerwhohadgottowithin100milesoftheSouthPolein1908,startedabusinessbeforehis1914voyagetomakemoneyfrommovieandstillphotography.FrankHurley,aconfidentandgiftedAustralianphotographerwhoknewtheAntarctic,washiredtomaketheimages,mostofwhichhaveneverbeforebeenpublished.WhatdoweknowaboutthephotostakenbyHurley?

TheyweremadelastweekTheyshowedunderseasceneriesTheywerefoundbyacameramanTheyrecordedadisastrousadventureWhoreachedtheSouthPolefirstaccordingtothetext?A.FrankHurley B.ErnestShackletonC.RobertFalconScottD.CarolineAlexanderWhatdoesAlexanderthinkwasthepurposeofthe1914voyage?A.ArtisticcreationC.MoneymakingA.ArtisticcreationC.Moneymaking【答案】13.D 14.C【名師點睛】B.ScientificresearchD.Treasurehunting15.C本文三題均考查了細(xì)節(jié)題。在完成細(xì)節(jié)題時，要特別注意排除干擾項。如中的A項“Theyweremadelastweek"屬于"顛倒黑白"類干擾項，根據(jù)第二段第一句"FrankHurley'spictures undoubtedlyfirst-ratephoto-journalismiftheyhadbeenmadelastweek."可知"如果這些照片是上周所拍，那么就會是一流的?！睂嶋H上這些照片是1914年左右拍攝的。說明A項明顯錯誤。干擾項的設(shè)置方法除了“顛倒黑白”之外，通常還有以下幾種方式：.張冠李戴。命題者把文章作者的觀點與他人的觀點混淆起來，題干問的是作者的觀點，選項中出現(xiàn)的卻是他人的觀點；或者題干問的是他人的觀點，卻把作者的觀點放到選項中去。.偷梁換柱。干擾項用了與原文相似的句型結(jié)構(gòu)和大部分相似的詞匯，卻在不易引人注意的地方換了幾個詞匯，造成句意的改變。.無中生有。干擾項往往是生活的基本常識和普遍接受的觀點，但在原文中并無相關(guān)的信息支持點，這種選項的設(shè)置往往與問題的設(shè)問毫不相干。.以偏概全?？忌谧霾聹y文章中心思想、給文章添加標(biāo)題或判斷推理題時，往往會犯以偏概全的錯誤。產(chǎn)生這類錯誤的原因是考生受思維定勢的影響或考慮不周，以局部代替整體。其具體表現(xiàn)為合理關(guān)聯(lián)與不合理關(guān)聯(lián)、準(zhǔn)確概括與不準(zhǔn)確概括之間的錯位。不合理關(guān)聯(lián)就是表層理解與深層理解相混淆。表層理解是對文章中客觀事實的感知和記憶，往往是文章直接表述的結(jié)論；深層理解則是對文章中的客觀事實進行邏輯推理、總結(jié)或概括后得出的結(jié)論。不準(zhǔn)確概括是指不能準(zhǔn)確地按題目要求概括或提取文中的表層或深層

信息?？键c：考查記敘文閱讀[2016?全國新課標(biāo)III】AMusicOperaatMusicHall:1243ElmStreet.TheseasonrunsJunethroughAugust,withadditionalperformancesinMarchandSeptember.TheOperahonorsEnjoytheArtsmembershipdiscounts.Phone:241-2742..ChamberOrchestra:TheOrchestraplaysatMemorialHallat1406ElmStreet,whichoffersseveralconcertsfromMarchthroughJune.Cali723-1182fbrmoreinformation..SymphonyOrchestra:AtMusicHallandRiverbend.Forticketsales,call381-3300.RegularseasonrunsSeptemberthroughMayatMusicHallinsummeratRiverbend..CollegeConservatoryofMusic(CCM):Performancesareonthemaincampus(校園.RiverbendMusicTheater:6295KelloggAve.Largeoutdoortheaterwiththeclosestseatsundercover(pricedifference).Bignameshowsallsummerlong!Phone:232-6220..A.241-2742. B.723-1182.C.381-3300. D.232-6220.A.February.B.May.C.August.D.November.A.MusicHall. B.MemorialHall.C.PatriciaCobbettTheater.D.RiverbendMusicTheater.Ithasseatsintheopenair.Itgivesshowsallyearround.Itoffersmembershipdiscounts.Itpresentsfamousmusicalworks.【答案】l.A2.B.C.A考點：廣告類短文閱讀【名師點睛】閱讀理解中細(xì)節(jié)理解題的干擾項的設(shè)置手法體現(xiàn)在下列幾個原則：.包含項原則在答案選項分析中，假如對A選項的理解概括了對其它三項（或其中某一項）的理解，那么我們就說選項A與其他三項是包含或概括關(guān)系，包含項A往往就是正確答案。如在“花''與“玫瑰”兩選項中，正確答案肯定是“花”，花包含了玫瑰，因為玫瑰肯定是花，但花并不一定是玫瑰。.正反項原則所謂正反項，是指兩選項陳述的命題完全相矛盾。根據(jù)形式邏輯排中律知識：兩個相互矛盾的判斷不能都是假的，其中必有一真。所以在閱讀理解中，假如四選項中A、B互為正反項，那我們通常先排除C、D項，正確答案一般在A、B項當(dāng)中取其一。.委婉項原則所謂委婉，這里是指說話不能說死，要留有余地。閱讀理解選項中語氣平和、委婉的往往是正確答案。這些選項一般含有不十分肯定或試探性語氣的表達，如：probably,possibly,may,usually,might,mostof,moreorless,relatively,belikelyto,notnecessary,although,yet,inaddition,tendto,beliableto等等，而含有絕對語氣的表達往往不是正確答案，如：must,always,never,themost,all,every,any,merely,only,completely,none,hardly,already等等。.同形項原則幾個選項如存在形式與結(jié)構(gòu)上的相似，那它們就互為同形項。同形項組可喻為高爾夫球場上的“果嶺”，而正確答案就是果嶺上的“球洞命題者往往先將正確答案設(shè)置在一個大命題范圍，然后通過語言形式的細(xì)微變化來考察考生的理解能力與分析能力。同形項原則告訴我們：詞匯與句法結(jié)構(gòu)相似的選項一般存在有正確答案。.常識項原則在議論文當(dāng)中，那些符合一般常識，意義深刻富有哲理，符合一般規(guī)律，屬于普遍現(xiàn)象的選項往往是正確答案。.因果項原則閱讀理解邏輯推理基本都是通過因果鏈進行的，前因后果，一步步循序漸進。然而，在推理題型的選項中，有的選項會推理不到位（止于前因），或者推理過頭（止于后果），這就是所謂的干擾項。因果項原則規(guī)定：假如四個選項中有兩項互為同一事物推理過程中的因果關(guān)系，那么正確答案就是這兩個因果項中的其

中之一。如果因項可以產(chǎn)生幾個結(jié)果，那么答案就是因項；如果果項可以對應(yīng)幾個原因，那么答案就是果項。[2016?全國新課標(biāo)III】BOnoneofhertripstoNewYorkseveralyearsago,EudoraWeltydecidedtotakeacoupleofNewYorkfriendsouttodinner.TheysettledinatacomfortableEastSidecafeandwithinminutes,anothercustomerwasapproachingtheirtable.“Hey,aren'tyoufromMississippi?^theelegant,white-hairedwriterrememberedbeingaskedbythestrangei"."I'mfromMississippitoo.”Withoutasecondthought,thewomanjoinedtheWeltyparty.Whenherdinnerpartnershowedup,shealsopulledupachair.“TheybegantellingmeallthenewsofMississippi,Weltysaid.didn'tknowwhatmyNewYorkfriendswerethinking.”TaxisonarainyNewYorknightarerarerthansunshine.Bythetimethegroupgotuptoleave,itwaspouringoutside.Welty'snewfriendsimmediatelysentawaitertofindacab.Headingbackdowntowntowardherhotel,herbig-cityfriendswereamazedattheturnofeventsthathadchangedtheirBigAppledinnerintoaMississippi.“Myfriendssaid:"Nowwebelieveyourstories,Weltyadded.tfcAnd1said:'Nowyouknow.Thesearethepeoplethatmakemewritethem.'"Sittingonasofainherroom,Welty,aslimfigureinasimplegraydress,lookedpleasedwiththisexplanation."Idon'tmakethemup,"shesaidofthecharactersinherfictiontheselast50orsoyears."Idon'thaveto.^^Beauticians,bartenders,pianoplayersandpeoplewithpurplehats,Welty'speoplecomefromafternoonsspentvisitingwitholdfriends,fromwalksthroughthestreetsofhernativeJackson,Miss.,fromconversationsoverheardonabus.ItannoysWeltythat,at78,herleftearhasnowgivenout.Sometimes,sittingonabusoratrain,shehearsonlyafragment（片段）ofaparticularlyinterestingstory.Twostrangersjoinedher.Herchildhoodfriendscamein.Aheavyrainruinedthedinner.Somepeopleheldapartythere.A.readersB.partiesC.friendsD.storiesA.readersB.partiesC.friendsD.storiesTheyliveinbigcities.Theyaremostlywomen.Theycomefromreallife.Theyarepleasureseekers.【答案】.A.D.C考點：故事類短文閱讀【名師點睛】猜詞技巧：閱讀理解的測試中經(jīng)常有猜測詞、短語、習(xí)語意義的題目，這些詞、短語、習(xí)語要么是生詞，要么是熟詞新義，單靠平時積累是不夠的，還要掌握定的做題技巧?？偨Y(jié)如下：(1)根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法(轉(zhuǎn)化、合成、派生)進行判斷。(2)根據(jù)文中的定義、解釋猜生詞；利用事例或解釋猜生詞；利用重復(fù)解釋的信息猜生詞。(3)根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系進行選擇：文章中的代詞it,that,he,him或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that還可以指一件事。第6題就是屬于對指代關(guān)系進行判斷。(4)根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系進行判斷：根據(jù)上下句的連接詞，如but,however,otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意義上的差別，從而依據(jù)某一句的含義，來確定另一句的含義。(5)根據(jù)因果關(guān)系進行判斷：俗話說，“有因必有果，有果必有因”。根據(jù)原因可以預(yù)測結(jié)果，根據(jù)結(jié)果也可以找出原因。(6)根據(jù)同位關(guān)系進行判斷：閱讀中有時出現(xiàn)新詞、難詞，后面就跟著一個同位語，對前面的詞進行解釋，有時這種解釋也用連詞“or”連接。(7)利用標(biāo)點符號和提示詞猜測詞義。還可以表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對比或不相干的意義。破折號表示解釋說明。常見問題形式有：(1)Theword"...”inLine...means/canbebestreplacedby...(2)Asusedinthepassage,thephrasesuggests...(3)Fromthepassage,wecaninferthattheword/phrase/thesentence"is/refersto/means...(4)Thewordisclosestinmeaningto...

[2016?全國新課標(biāo)III】CIfyouareafruitgrower_orwouldliketobecomeone-takeadvantageofAppleDaytoseewhat'saround.IfscalledAppleDaybutinpracticeifsmorelikeAppleMonth.ThedayitselfisonOctober21,butsinceithascaughton,eventsnowspreadoutovermostofOctoberaroundBritain.Visitinganappleeventisagoodchancetosee,andoftentaste,awidevarietyofapples.TopeoplewhoareusedtothelimitedchoiceofapplessuchasGoldenDeliciousandRoyalGalainsupermarkets,itcanbequiteaneyeopenertoseetherangeofclassicalapplesstillinexistence,suchasDeciowhichwasgrownbytheRomans.Althoughitdoesn'ttasteofanythingspecial,it'sstillworthatry,asistheknobbly（多疙瘩的）Cat'sHeadwhichismoreofacuriositythananythingelse.Therearealsovarietiesdevelopedtosuitspecificlocalconditions.OneoftheverybestvarietiesforeatingqualityisOrleansReinette,butyou'llneedawarm,shelteredplacewithperfectsoiltogrowit,soifsapipedreamformostappleloverswhofallforit.Attheevents,youcanmeetexpertgrowersanddiscusswhichoneswillbestsuityourconditions,andbecausethesearefamilyaffairs,childrenarewellcateredforwithapple-themedfunandgames.AppleDaysarebeingheldatallsortsofplaceswithaninterestinfruit,includingstatelygardensandcommercialorchards（果園）.1fyouwanttohavearealorchardexperience,tryvisitingtheNationalFruitCollectionatBrogdale,nearFavershaminKent.A.Attendexperts'lectures.C.Plantfruittreesinanorchard.A.Attendexperts'lectures.C.Plantfruittreesinanorchard.A.Itisanewvariety.C.Itisrarelyseennow.A.Apracticalidea.A.Toshowhowtogrowapples.B.lbintroduceanapplefestival.Tohelppeopleselectapples.Topromoteappleresearch.【答案】B.Visitfruit-lovingfamilies.D.Tastemanykindsofapples.B.Ithasastrangelook.D.Ithasaspecialtaste.B.Avainhope.9.C10.Bll.Bll.B寫作意圖題。根據(jù)第一一段“ifyouaieafruitgrower_orwouldliketobecomeone―takeadvantageofAppleDaytoseewhat'saround.“和最后」一段“Ifyouwanttohavearealorchardexperience,tryvisitingtheNationalFruitCollectionatBrogdale,nearFavershaminKent.“可知，作者向讀者介紹了一個節(jié)日一AppleDay,并推薦人們參加這個節(jié)日，故選B?？键c：生活故事類短文閱讀【名師點睛】故事類文章是高考閱讀理解常選材料之一。這類文章常通過敘述突出人物性格特征或講述個人經(jīng)歷與感悟，以及逸聞趣事。文章的要素有時間、地點、人物、事件等。有些是按事件發(fā)展的經(jīng)過為主線敘述的，在敘述的過程中有詳有略；有些是按時間的順序敘述的，有順敘、倒敘等。解題技巧：1、高考選用的此類文章常常為幽默類或情感類故事，其目的或闡明某種觀點，或抨擊某種陋習(xí)，或贊揚某種品德，所以要關(guān)注作者表達的個人感悟，提出的個人意見，或故事中出其不意的變化，而這些往往體現(xiàn)文章中心或?qū)懽饕鈭D，屬于必考點。例如第11題，考查寫作意圖。作者向讀者介紹了一個節(jié)日一AppleDay,并推薦人們參加有關(guān)的活動。2、該類文章語言流暢、有趣，命題往往從故事的情節(jié)、人物或事件之間的關(guān)系、作者的意圖和態(tài)