通用橋式起重機(jī)說明書

一、概述本說明書適用于各類橋式起重機(jī)（包括吊鉤、抓斗、電磁、防爆、絕緣、兩用、三用、鑄造等）的安裝、維修，供安裝、操作和維修人員使用。（一）起重機(jī)的主要用途電動橋式起重機(jī)用于工廠、電站、庫房、料場等固定跨間內(nèi)搬運物料，安裝維修設(shè)備按用途及取物裝置可以分以下幾種類型：1.吊鉤橋式起重機(jī)適用于廠礦、企業(yè)車間、倉庫等在室內(nèi)或室外的固定跨間作一般裝卸及起重運輸工作，常用工作級別一般為A3～A6。A3～A4適用于設(shè)備安裝維修用，A5適用于機(jī)械加工、金屬結(jié)構(gòu)、裝配，A6適用于工作繁忙或經(jīng)常滿負(fù)荷工作的工況。該起重機(jī)不適用于吊運易燃、易爆危險物品或高溫液體金屬。2.抓斗橋式起重機(jī)適用于冶金、化工、水泥及其他企業(yè)的倉庫和車間，在室內(nèi)或露天的固定跨間從事礦石、石灰石、煤、砂等散粒物料的搬運工作。抓取裝置為雙卷筒的四繩平口抓斗。抓斗可在任意高度張開和閉合，當(dāng)抓取物料塊大于60mm以上需選用帶齒抓斗。3.電磁橋式起重機(jī)1）電磁橋式起重機(jī)電磁橋式起重機(jī)電磁橋式起重機(jī)帶有可卸的電磁盤，適用于冶金工廠較繁忙地裝卸及搬運具有磁性的黑色金屬制品和材料，電磁盤由小車上的電纜卷筒直接供電。電磁橋式起重機(jī)的額定起重量是指電磁盤的重量和被起升物品重量的總和。2）電磁掛梁橋式起重機(jī)電磁掛梁橋式起重機(jī)帶有可拆卸或不可拆卸的掛梁及電磁盤，主要適用于造船、鋼鐵等行業(yè)吊運超長形鋼鐵物料，電磁掛梁下可設(shè)有多個電磁盤，電磁盤由小車上的電纜卷筒直接供電或在掛梁上安裝電纜筐。電磁掛梁方向按用戶要求可平行于或垂直于主梁。3）上旋轉(zhuǎn)電磁掛梁橋式起重機(jī)上旋轉(zhuǎn)電磁掛梁橋式起重機(jī)是由上部可旋轉(zhuǎn)的小車帶動掛梁及電磁盤旋轉(zhuǎn)的起重機(jī)，主要適用于鋼鐵企業(yè)成品跨車間。4）下旋轉(zhuǎn)電磁橋式起重機(jī)下旋轉(zhuǎn)電磁橋式起重機(jī)是由掛梁上的旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)帶動吊具及被吊物旋轉(zhuǎn)的起重機(jī)。4.兩用橋式起重機(jī)分為抓斗-電磁兩用和抓斗-吊鉤兩用，為了提高生產(chǎn)效率，在同一臺小車上同時安裝有吊鉤和抓斗或者電磁盤和抓斗，但每一工作循環(huán)只能使用其中一種取物裝置。5.三用橋式起重機(jī)帶有可卸電磁盤、馬達(dá)抓斗或重力抓斗、吊鉤的起重機(jī)，稱為三用起重機(jī)，三用取物裝置可以互換使用，可運送成品件、散粒物品或帶磁性的金屬材料，但每次只能使用其中的一種吊具。6.防爆吊鉤橋式起重機(jī)防爆起重機(jī)適用于具有易燃、易爆混合氣體的車間、倉庫等，作一般運輸作業(yè)。防爆等級根據(jù)JB5897-1991標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的規(guī)定有兩大類，Ⅰ類為礦用起重機(jī)，Ⅱ類為工廠用起重機(jī)。該起重機(jī)電氣設(shè)備均具有防爆性能，機(jī)械部分也采取相應(yīng)的防爆措施，防止起重機(jī)在運行過程中可能產(chǎn)生的火花而引起燃燒或爆炸事故的發(fā)生。各類防爆電器均有“EX”標(biāo)識。起重機(jī)的防爆級別，應(yīng)根據(jù)危險物質(zhì)的分級來選擇，按Ⅰ、ⅡA、ⅡB、ⅡC表示四個級別（Ⅰ類用電壓660V-1140V，Ⅱ類用電壓380V）。工廠常用ⅡB、ⅡC級ONEGeneralThemanualisapplicablefordifferentoverheadcranes（includingthosewithhook，crab，electricmagnet，explosion-proof，isolation，twofunctions,threefunctions,casting,etc.）asaguidanceoferection,operationandmaintenanceforerection,operationandmaintenancepersons.1.ChiefusesofcranesElectricOverheadCranesareusuallyusedtomovematerialsorinstallandmaintainequipmentsinfixedspanatfactories,powerstation,stories,powerstation,storehouseabdgoodsyard.Accordingtodifferentpurposesandobjectslifted,theyaredividedintofollowingtypes:1.1OVERHEADCRANEWITHHOOKItisapplicableinworkshop,warehouse,stockgroundorsimilarplaceswherethereisafixedspanforloading,unloading,liftingortransporting.WorkinggradesgenerallyusedareA3～A6.A3～A4issuitableforequipmentinstallationandmaintenance;A5issuiableformachineprocessing,metalstructureassembling;A6issuitableforthosebusyjoborfrequentfull-loadjob.Thistypeofcraneisnotflammable,explosive,dangerousorofhightemperatureliquidmetals.1.2OVERHEADCRANEWITHGRABItisapplicableinthewarehouseandworkshopinthefieldsofmetallurgies,chemistryandcement.Itliftsandtransportsores,limestone,coal,sandorsuchgtainmateralsinafixedspaneitherindoororoutdoorandclosedananyheight.Grabwithteethshouldbeappliedwhenthesizeofgrainmaterialisover60mm.Thegrabisonlyapplicablefornaturalheapofgrainmaterials.Specialannouncementshouldbemadeinadvanceifitisusedtogradgrainmaterialsfromunderwater.Theratingliftingcapacityoftheoverheadcranewithgrabmeansthetotalweightofthegrabandthematerialgrabed.1.3OVERHEADCRANEWITHMAGNET1.3.1OverheadCranewithMagnetThiscranehasademountableelectricmagnetplate.Itisappliedinmetallurgicfactoryandcanbusilytransitferrousmetalorsuchproducts.Thepowerfortheelectricmagnetplateissuppliedfromthecabledrumonthetrolley.Theratingliftingcapacityoftheoverheadcranewithmagnetmeansthetotalweightoftheelectricmagnetplateandthemateriallifted.1.3.2OverheadCranewithMagnetandCarrier-beamThereisademountableorfixedcarrier-beamwithelectricmagnetonthecrane,whichissuitableforliftingoverlongironorsteelobjectsinsuchplanceasshipyard,ironandsteelplant.Morethanoneelectricmagnetplatescanbesetupunderonthecarrier-beam.Thepowerforthemagnetplatescomesfromthecabledrumonthetrolleyorfromthecablebasketsetuponthecarrier-beam.Thedirectionofthecarrier-beamcanbeparallerorverticalwiththedirectionofthemaingirectionofthemaingirderatuser’soption.1.3.3OverheadCranewithupperRotatingCarrier-beamandElectricMagnetArotatabletrolleyonthecranecanbringthecarrier-beamandelectricmagnetplaterotaing.Iissuitableforstoragebayofsteelplants.OverheadCranewithlowerRotatingCarrier-beamandElectricMagnetTherotatingdeviceonthecarrier-beammakesthemagnetplateandtheliftedobjectsrotate.1.3.4TWOPURPOSESOVERHEADCRANETherearetwodifferentmatchings,grab/electricmagnetplateandgrab/hook.Inordertoincreaseefficiency,grab/electricmagnetplateorgrab/hookcanbeinstalledononetrolley,butonlyoneofthemcanbeusedinoneworkingcircle.1.3.5THREEPIRPOSESOVERHEADCRANETherearethreekindsoftools（demiuntableelectricmagnetplate,motorgrab/gravitygrabandhook）onthiskindofoverheadcrane.Thethreetoolsarechangeableforreadymadeproducts,grainmaterialsorferrousmaterialbutonlyoneofthemcanbeusedinoneworkingcircle.1.3.6OVERHEADEXPLSION-PROOFCRANEWITHHOOKTheexplsion-proofcraneisappliedtotransmitinflammableandexplosivesubstancesinworkshopsandwarehouses.TherearetwogradsaccordingtoStandardJB5897-1991.TheGrabeIisappliedinminesandGradeⅡisappliedinfactories.Theelectricequipmentsofthecraneareallexplosion-proofandthemachinesalsoadoptexplosion-proofmeasuresinordertopreventanypossiblesparklesinworking,whichmaycauseflameorexplosion.Therearemarks“EX”oneachexplosion-proofelectricequipment.Thegradesofexplosion-proofshouldbechosenaccordingtothegradeofthedangeroussubstances.Thereare4grades-I,ⅡA,ⅡB,ⅡC（IGradefor660-1140Volts,ⅡGradefor380Volts）.ⅡBandⅡCareusuallyappliedinfactories.PleasereadtheAttachmentAfordetaileddescription.1.3.7OVERHEADISOLATIONCRANEWITHHOOKThiscraneissuitableforaluminumormagnesiumelectrolyticworkshop.Severalisolationdevicesaresetupinproperplacesinthecrane（usuallythree）inordertopreventelectricity,viatheliftedmaterial,passingtothecraneandthusendangeringthesafetyoftheoperator.Theisolationvalueofeachdeviceis≥1M.PleasereadAttachmentBfordetaileddescription.1.3.8OVERHEADCRANEWITHDOUBLETROLLEYSOREVENMORETherearetwotrolleysorevenmoreonthiskindofcrane.Thehoistingandmovingmechanismofthetrolleyscanbelinkedorseparatedinoperation.Totalliftingweightiscarriedoutaccordingtothecontract.Itmaybethesummationofalltheliftingweightortheliftedweightofthemainhoist.1.3.9OVERHEADCRANEFORFOUNDRYThiscraneissuitableforliftinghightemperatureliquidmetalinsmeltingshop.Thestructureiscommonlywithfourmaingirdersanddoubletrolleyordoublegirderandonetrolley（withmainhookandauxiliaryhook）.Therearedoubledrivingdevicesonthemainhoisting（forheavycrane）orsingledrivingdevice（forlightcrane）.PleasereadthedrawingattachedtothecraneandAttachmentCfordetails.1.3.10OVERHEADCRANEWITHMOVABLECABINForthepurposeofaccurateoperation,thecabinofthiscraneismovableeithertogetherwiththetrolleyorseparatelyalongwiththemainbeam.Themovablecabinismainlyappliedoncranewithsuperlongspan.2.MainparameterandstructureofcraneParametersshowtheworkingabilityofthecrane.Themainparametersincludeliftingweight,liftingheight,span,workinggrade,spead,etc.Thestructureofoverheadcranemainlyincludesbridge,cranetravelingmechanismandtrolleywithhoistingandtravelingmechanism.Thebridgeiscomposedofweld-boxmaingirder,endgirder,platformandsoon.Abovethemaingirderthereisthesteeltrackfortrolleyandthereareplatformsoutsidethetwomaingirdersforinstallingtheelectricboxforthecranetravellingononesideandelectricconductordeviceforthetrolleyontheother.Thecabinissuspendedunderthemaingirder,inwhichlinkageconsoleorcamcontrollerisset.Thereisstairsbetweenthecanbinandthewalkingplatform.Themaingirderislinkedtothetwoendgirderswithconnectorsinthemiddle.Cranetravelingmechanismadoptsindependentdrive（Pic.1-1）.Therearefouroreightwheels（maybemore）onthebridge.Thewheelsandanglebearingbox（45°structurebearingbox）areinstalledontheendgirderorequalizingtruck.Trolleyiscomposedtohoistingmechanismtravelingmechanismandthesteelstructure.ThecommonstructurecanbeseeninPic.1-2andPic.3.PowersupplyoftrolleyisintheformofsuspensionelectricconductionandthetrackofthecablepulleyisI-shapedsteeltrackorchannelsteeltrack.Powersupplyforthecranetravelingisintheformof1phasebusbar,multi-phasebusbar,shapedsteel,softcable,etc.Thereisamaintenanceplatformonthepowerleadofthecrane.Therearedifferentoperationmethodssuchascabin,pendant,remoteorcombined.Electricheater,electricfanorconditionermaybeattachedintothecabinaccordingtorequirement.Fordetailedinformationofparametersandsurctureofcrane,refertothedrawingsattachedtoit.Foroperationandmaintenanceofpartssuchasreducer,motor,brake,conditioner,etc,pleasereadtherelatedinstruction.TWOErectionandcommission2.1Preparationforerectionandnotes2.1.1Accidentssuchaswresting,bendingorstrikingshouldbeespeciallyavoidedwhileunloadingortransporting.Whenliftingthecrane,twoliftingpointsarenecessaryandtheremustbeunderlayintheenlacingpoint.Theenlacing2.1.2Transitionofcraneshouldbeontruckorflattrailer.Draggingongroundorrollersisforbidden.2.1.3Ifstoting,craneshouldbeflatlyandstablysetonsleepers.Thesleepersmustbeplacedsymmetricallyandthegroundmustbemassinessinordertopreventanytransfigurationofthebridge,2.1.4Ifstoringlongtimeoutdoor,waterproofmeasuresshouldbetaken.Necessarymeasuresshouldbetakenfortransmissionpartsandelectricequipmentstoavoidwater,rusr,erosion,bumpandtheft.2.1.5Relatederectionpersonsshouldstudythedrawingscarefullybeforeerectionandclearoutthetransfigurationordefectscausedbyunsuitabletransportationorstorageifany.Ifthereisanytransfigurationofthemetalstructure,itmustbeadjustedbeforeerertion.2.1.6Beforetheerection,erectionpersonswiththedeputiesofErectionCompanyandmanufacturershouldopentheboxtocheckthenumberofcomponentsandsparepartsthatlistedonthepackinglistandattacheddocuments,toseeifthereisanyshortageordamage,thenreadtheerectiondrawingandrechnicalrequirementcarefullytoensurethedetailederectionprocedure.2.1.7Craneislargeequipmentwhichmaybetransportedwithseparatedparts.Duringlong-haultransportationorstorage,transfigurationordefectmaybecaused.Therefore,itshouldbeassembledandchecked（seeDrawing2-1）beforeerection.Ifthereisanyproblemwhichisdiffcultforusertosolve,itisimportanttocontactwiththemanufactureratonce.Otherwise,eventhemanufacturermayfeeldifficulttosolveiftheproblemshappenaftererection.2.2Craneinstalltion2.2.1Cranecanbewhollyorseparatelyerectedaccordingtothecapacityofliftingequipmentatsite.Whenerecting,installthebridgefirst,bundlethetrolleytightlyonthebridge,liftittotheheightofthecabin,fixthecabinontothebridge,thenliftandfixthemtothetrack.Whenseparatelyerecting,separatetheendgirdersfromthemaingirders,liftthemaingirdersontothetrack,liftandfixtheendgirderstothemaingirders,thenliftthetrolleyontothetrackonthemaingirders.Inordertoreduceworkintheair,choosethefistwayaspriorityifliftingcapacitypermit.A.MethodandRequirementforErectionWhenassemblingontheground,thecraneshouldbeputontheshelvesbuiltaccordingtoitsspanandthusmakethemaingirderisabovetheground.Ifsteeltrackcanbeputontheshelves,thecranewheelscanbeputonthetrack.Ifnot,theshelvesshouldbeputunderthebottomplangeplateneartwoendsofmaingirder.Nomatterwhichmethodisused,thegradientermustbeusedtomakeitplane.Fortheshelfwithsteeltrack,taketheuppersurfaceofthetrackasbenchmarkandfindtheplane;Fortheshelfunderthemaingirder,measuretheplaneatA,B,C,D-the4pointswhicharethecrosspointsofthetrackcentrallinesandendgirdercentrallines（Drawing2-1）.Beforemeasuringtheplaneness,theendgirdersshouldbewell-connectedaccordingtothedrawing.Ifthewheelshavetapersurface,thesideoftrackshouldcontactwiththeflangeofthewheelsforfearofaffectingtheveravityoftheplaneness.B.QualityRequirementfortheAassemblyoftheBridge.Theassemblyqualityofbridgewithsupportpointsunderthewheelshouldbecheckeditembyitemaccordingtotheregulationof2-1table.Ifthesupporterisunderthemaingirder,everyitemcanbecheckedexceptupperarchofthemaingirder.Theinstallationqualityofthetravelingsystemofthecranecanbecheckedatthesametime.2.2.2TralleyMediumandsmalltonnagetrolleyhasbeenassembledandcommissionedinworkshopbeforedelivery.Itcanbeinstalledonbridgeafternecessarychecksandadjustment.Whenthebridgeinstallationaccordwithrelatedtechnicalrequirements,“threelegs”conditionshouldnotexist（thatis,onlythreewheelscontactwiththetrackandtheotherissusoending）.Otherwise,underlayshouldbeputunderthebearingboxorthetrackofthesuspendingwheel.Asforthelargetonnagetrolleyneededdisassembly,reassemblyitaccordingtothemarksontheconnectingdrawing,andthenliftandinstallittothebridgeasawhole.2.2.3TravelingMechanismofCraneCranetravelingmechanismhasbeenassembledtothebridgeandhaspassedcommissionbythemanufacturer.Afterassembled,cranetravelingmechanismshouldbecheckedandinstalledaccordingtofollowingrequirement（Thisprocedureshouldbeappliedtooafteranymaintenance）:A.Benchmarkofthecheck:outersideofdrivingwheelsshouldbeasbenchmarkwhencheckingthetravelingmechanism.B.TheleceldefiexionofendsurfaceofwheelsisshownasDrawing2-2.TheleveldeflexionofendsurfaceofeachwheelisP≤1/1000L（Lmeanslengthmeasured）.Thedirectionofdisalignmentofeachdriving（ordriven）wheelinapairshouldberaverse.AnycombinationshownintheDrawing2-3istalledwithrequirement.C.Measuringofthespan:Seethedrawing2-1D.Rectifywheels:therectificationincludesparallel,uprighness,coordination.a）Parallel:Drawtwoparallel0.6～1.0mmnylonlinesunderthewheelstoseeiftheparallelinesequallycontactwiththefourwheels.Ifitis,itshowsthatthefourwheelsareparallelandonthesamelines.Ifthereiscertainclearance,checkifitisinstandscope.Ifnot,adjustitthoughlooseningtheboltsoffixedanglebearingbox.Ifnecessary,thebaseplateonwhichtheanglebearingboxisfixedcanbeshoveledofforcutoffwithgascuttingandthenbeweldedagainafterthewheelsareadjustedwell.b）Uprightness:Ddflexionofwheelinverticaldirectionshouldbelessthan1/400(Lmeansthelengthmdasured)andtheupperpartshouldbeforth(asdrawing2-4)c)Coordinationbetweensheelsundersameendgirder（drawing2-5）:lessthan2mmwhiletherearetwowheels,lessthan3mmwhiletherearethreewheelsormore.Measuringmethod:Drawasteellinealongtheoueerflangeoftheendgirder,parallelingwiththecentrallineoftheendgirder,measurethedistancebetweenthelingandmeasuringpointofeachwheel;chooseonewheelasbenchmarkandthecoordinationofotherwheelscanbecalculated.THREEPrinciplesofelectriccontrolandinstallation3.1PrincipalofelectriccontrolThecircuitofoverheadcraneconsistsofmaincircuitofeachsystem,controlcircuit,lightcircuit,signalcircuitandprotectivecircuit(shownasdrawing3-1).3.1.1LightdesignQB1-QB4seriesprotectivecupboardsareadoptedastheprotectivedeviceforelectricoverheadcrane,whichiswidelyappliedinthoseplaceswhererequirementsforspeed,sartandbrakearenotstrict.TakeQB4Easexampleandillustrateasfollows:ThemaincircuitdrawingandcontrolcircuitareshownasDrawing3-2and3-3.Typesymbolwithprefix“-”showstheitemdoesnotexistintheprotectivecupboard.Generalshort-circuitprotectivesystemadoptsbreakerorfuse.ThemaincontactorKOcanmakeoptionaccordingtothecurrentpassingthemachine.Thewound-rotormotorineverysytemisprotectedbycurrentbreaker.Theprotectivecupboard,matchingwithcamcontrollerormainordercontroller,isadoptedinprotectionsofoperationalzero-position,doorswich,endlimiterandcontrollerzero-position.Safetyswitches(S90-S93)forgatewaydoorsareconnectedinmaincontactor(KO)inseries.Incawdofanyoneofthedoorsisnotclosedwell,thewholecranecannotgetpowersupplyandthereforecanotoperateinordertopreventanyaccident(atuser’srequest,signaldevicecanbedesignedon).Thezero-positioncontactpointsfor=10-S40(trolldy),-06-S40(auxiliaryhoist)and-12-S40(crane)caninsurethemaincontactor(KO)beingononlywhenallthelperationalhandlesatzero-position.Inshisway,automatic-startisavoidedshenpowersupplyisresumedafterasuddenbreak.=12-S90,=10-S90arelimitswitchesforthecraneandtrolley.Whenmovingtothelimitpositioninonedirection,thecrane/trolleywillstopandatthesametimethewaytotheconversedirectionisprovided;=06-S90istheupperpositionlimiter.Whenitcomestothelimitposition,thehoistwillstopgoingupandatthesametimethewaytogodownisprovided.Therearekeyswitches-S11(onlyinlinkagecontroltype),startupbutton-S10,stopbutton-S21.Andthereisalslemergencystopbutton-S12(notshownindrawing)forcuttingthebreakerQOandmaincontactorKOinemergentsituation.BreakerF30protectstransformerT20whichprovidesAC220Vpowerforlightingunderthebridge.FuseF03andF04prltecttransformerT00inshich220Vcoilprovieespowerforequipmentssuchasair-conditioner,electricfanandheater,and36Vcoilprovidespowerforelectricbellandmaintenance.Thesymbolsusedinthedrawingsmeanasfollowing:=05meansthemainhoiststructure;=06meanstheauxiliaryhoiststructure;=10meansthetrolleystructure;=12meansthecranestructure.3.1.2ElectricControlPleaseseetheelectricdrawingsattachedwiththecranefortheelectriccontrolsofcrane,trolleyandhoistingforelectricdouble-girderbridgecrane.TakehoistcontrolcircuitofsinglemotorinQR2SseriesisshowninDrawing3-4.Thecircuitisreversibleasymmetriccircuitandthestepis3-0-3forthemainordercontroller.Thereare5stepsforthestartupresistancewhentheratingcurrentofthestatorcontactoris250Aorbelow.Amongthem,the1stand2ndstepsaremanuallycutoff,andtheothersareautomaticallycutoffbytimerelay;Thereare6stepsforthestartupresistancewhentheratingcuttentofthestaorcontactorisabove250A.Amongthem,the1stand2ndstepsaremanuallycutoff,andtheothersareautomaticallycutoffbytimerelay.The1stand2nddecliningstepsofthemainordercontrolleraretranspositionalbuaking,whichmaketheloaddeclineslowly.The3rdstepisregenerativebrakingwhichmakestheloaddeclinequickly.Thecircuitallowschanginganyrisingstepformdelining3rdstep,K20connectingpointisonandK041connectingpointwilldelaytheconnectionandsoK43isinsuredtobeconnected(insurethemotortoreducethedecliningspeedbytranspositionalbrakingandthenturntorise)Whenthehandleofmainordercontrollerisbacktozero-position,K70isoffimmediatelyandK040willdelaytheconnectionandconseauentlymakeK050andK10alsodelaytheconnection.Therefore,thepowerisofffrombracesbeforethemainmotorsotopreventhookslippingwhenthecranestops.ThereareclosetouchingpointsK10andK20andopentouchingpointK70inseriesconnectioninthecoilcircuitofthetimerelay.Theirfunctionis:whenK10andK20areoffandK70isabnormallyconnected,K040willalsobeconnectedandthusmakethecoilK050off,consequentlyK70isoffandthereforefreedropoftheloadispreveted.TheclosetouchingpointsonrotorcontactorsK43,K42,K41andK40betweencircuitsofk10andk20makeupacheckingprocedure.Onlywhentheabovecontactorsarenormallyon,theforwardcontactorK10orbackwardcontactorK20isallowedtobeon.ThemechaniccharactersofthemotorscontrolledareshowninDrawing3-5.ResisterssuitedforelectriccontrolequipmentsareTypeRF5,inwhichthereareadjustabletouchingpoints,andtherefore,torsionforeachrisingstepcanbeadjustedatrequirement.ContorlcircuitofthepanelQR3Yforhorixontalmovingsysteminseriesisajointlydesignedproduct.QR1YseriesareamendedandredesignedonthebasisofPOY1-4.QR2-3Y.TakeQR3Yseriesasexampleanddescribeitsworkingprincipalsandcharactersasfollows:(itstypicalcircuitandmechaniccharactersareshowninDrawing3-6and3-7)QR3Yseriesadoptreversiblesymmetrycircuit.Theshiftsofmaincontrollerare4-0-4;startupresistanceisfourgrades(excludingconstantseries-multiple),thefirstgradeismanualcutoffandtherestarecutoffautomaticallybytimerelay.Besidesthefirstshiftasslidebrakingshift,itallowsturningtoanyreverseshiftinoperationandnoovercurrentstriketothemotorwillbecaused(thecircuitguaranteesthemotorcontactsalltheresistanceandturnovertobraking,andthenstartupinreverse).andthisischeckedbyrotorcontactorfuses(sameasQR2Rseries).3.1.3OperationAlloperationalpartsareinstalledinthecabin.Thecontrollersforeverysystem,startupbutton,emergencyswitchandfree.Ifthelinkageoperationisused,therearecontrollersforeverysystem,powerindicatorlock,startupbutton,emergencyswichandfootpushbellswichinthelinkingcabin.Thecranetravelingandtrolleytravelingarecontrolledbyonehandle.Itsacrossdirectionoperatesthetrolley.Thetwosystemscanbeoperatedtogetherorseparately.Forcranewithdoublehooks,theoperationofmainhookandauxiliaryhookiscontrolledbyseparatehandles.3.2Installationandadjustment3.2.1InstallationofelectricequipmentA.Allinstallationandwiringshouldbedoneaccordingtothedrawings.B.Beforeinstallation,studythedrawingsandconditionsrequiredcarefully,getfamiliarwiththereciorocityofelementsandoperationalprinciplesinordertoquicklysolvetheproblemswhichmaycomeacrossintheinstallationandcommission.C.Alltheelectricequipmentsandpartsshouldbeclearedupandcheckedbeforeinstallation.Allofthemshouldbeflawless,runningagilely,nolockorloosen.Thecontactors,etc.mustaccordwithdrawings.Thoseneededtobeadjustedmustbeadjustedaccordingtotheregulationsinthedrawings.D.motor,hydraulic-brake,carbonbrush,contactor,relayandresistance.Measuretheirisolationresistancewithmagohmmeter.Ifanyofthemislowerthan0.5megohm,dryingtreatmentmustbedone.Itmustbeinstalleduntilpassingthecheck.E.Checkthepressurebetweenthecarbonbrushandthesliphoop.Thepressureforallthebrushesinonemotormustbesame.Thecarbonburshshouldcontactthesliphoopcompletely.Whengrindingthebrush,theedgeofthebrushshouldnotbegroundtoroundshape.F.Fullyfillthehydraulicbrakewithhydraulicoilaccordingtotheinstruction.G.Checkthepressurebetweencontactpointsofcontroller,contractorandrelayseparately.Adjustitifanyofthemishigherorlowerthanthatregulated.H.Thejoystickshouldbeflecbleandshiftplacesshouldbeclear.I.Installalltheelectricequipmentsandpartsaccordingtothegeneraldrawingofelectricandothererectiondrawings.J.Thecontrolcabinet,resistorandotherheavierequipmentonthewalkwayaresupposedtobelinkedonthemainframetightly.Andtheirpositionsareallowedtobeadjustedaccordingtothedrawing.K.Theresistorsshouldbeasclosetothecontrolpanelaspossibleandthusmaketheleadshortest.Theresistorsareallowedtobepiledtessthan5inordertoavoidthembeingoverheated.Fortheleadorcabletotheresistors,theverticalpartcanbearrangedontherightorleftoftheresistorsbutitshouldnotaffectassemblingoftheresistors;andtheborizontalpartcanbewoundwithasbestosropeorotherhigh-temperature-proofmaterials.L.Theleadandtheresistorsshouldbecorrectlyconnectedaccordingtotheinstruction.Ifitisfoundthatmotorcontributeslesspowersuchasthejoystickintherightplaceandthecranecannotlifttheratingload,orthecrane/trolleycannotmove,checktheconnectionoftheresistersfirst.Usuallyitcanbejudgedaccordingtothespecificationsandquantityoftheresistors.Ifnecessary,itcanbemeasuredwithelectro-bridge（alltheleadstothemotorshouldbedisconnectedatthistime）.M.Forthesystemdrivenbydoublemotors,theresistancevalueofresistersforthetwomotorsshouldbecloseandtheflexibleresistance（includingresistanceofthelead）shouldbeascloseaspossible（thereisnoflexibleresistanceinthemethoddirectlycontrollingrotorresistancewithcamcontactingpoints）.N.Checkalltheconnectionsinthecabin.Eliminateloosingorfallingconnectionsifthereisanyandensurealltheconnectionsareingoodcondition.O.Beforinstallingthecontrolpanel,carefulcheckmustbedonetoalltheelectroelementsandwires.theremustnotbeanydamagetotheelements,especiallytothearcextinguishercoverofthecontactorandtheassistanthead.Oildirty（rustproofoilpaintedbeforeleftfactory）onthecontactinggagbitmustbeclearedaway.P.Thegradientofcontrolpanelisnotallowedlargetthan5°inordertoensurethepanelworkinginorder.Thepassageinfrontofthepanelshouldbemorethan500mm（600mmrecommended）andtheclearancebackofthepanelshouldnotbelessthan100mmfornormalmaintenance.Q.Beforeinstallingthelimiter,carefullychecktheswitchtoensureitisflexible.Afterinstallation,checkalltheconnectionsandadjustonebyoneinordertoensuretobreakthepowerwhenthehoistgouptothelimit.Whentheangleisadjustedwell,impactthecamtoavoidloosingduringmovement.R.Theinsulatorofcraneconductormustbecomplete,withoutanycracks,andfixedfirmlyonelectricconductingframe.Theconductormustbetightlypressedonconductingslidewire.Anysparkduringoperationshowsbadcontacting.Thereasonmaybethebadcontactingbetweentheconductorandtheconductingslidewireornastinessontheworkingsurface,orboth.S.Forthesakeofsafety,thecabinisusuallyinstalledontheoppositesideofthecraneconductingslidewire.Iftheymustbeisinstalledonthesameside,fenceornetmustbeaddedforprotection（thefenceofnetshallbeprovidedandinstalledbytheuser）.T.Wheninstallingthetrolleyconductingdevice,firststraightentheelectriccablestoeliminatethetorsion,thenputthe