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介詞的分類(lèi)與語(yǔ)法功能介詞是虛詞,不能單獨(dú)作句子成分,必須與名詞、代詞(或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類(lèi)、短語(yǔ)或從句等)構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ),在句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。常見(jiàn)的介詞賓語(yǔ):名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞、從句、
介詞分為:簡(jiǎn)單介詞,如at、in、for等;合成介詞,如within、inside、onto…短語(yǔ)介詞,如accordingto、outof、becauseof、bymeansof、雙重介詞,如frombehind/above/under、分詞介詞,如considering、including、
主要介詞區(qū)別:
介詞的分類(lèi)與語(yǔ)法功能主要介詞區(qū)別:1表示時(shí)間的at,in,on
In:表示在某一較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間內(nèi),如世紀(jì)、年、月、季、周等一般用介詞inOn:在具體的某一天或某天上午、晚上、前夕,常用on;用于描述性的時(shí)間:OnacoldnightAt:表示某一時(shí)刻或某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間用at,如小時(shí)、分鐘等。
Theysetout_____aMondaymorning.Theygothome_____noon.Theyusuallyplayedbasketball____theevening,andthatgamewasheld____awarmevening.ononatin表示時(shí)間的at,in,onIn:表示在某一較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間內(nèi),2地點(diǎn)介詞at、on、inat:在較小的場(chǎng)所,In:1)在較大的場(chǎng)所;2)表示在某物內(nèi)部On:在……的表面上。
Helives_____55Parkstreet.Thereisabook_____thetable.Thereisaninterestingarticle___thenewspaper./Hedugahole____thewall.onatinin地點(diǎn)介詞at、on、inHelives_____553表示地理位置的in,on,to:
若A地屬于B地,用in;A地位于B地的外面且有邊緣銜接用on;A地位于B地的外面無(wú)邊緣的銜接有to。
Japanlies____theeastofChina.Fujianlies___thesoutheastofChina.
Canadalies____thenorthoftheUSA.ChinafacesthePacific____theeast.Ningboisacity_____thecoast.
Theislandlies____thecoastofChina.(相隔一定距離)
ontoinononoff表示地理位置的in,on,to:ontoinononof4與名詞所有格連用表示地點(diǎn),也用at。如:_____mysister’s在我姐姐家_____thedoctor’s在醫(yī)務(wù)室atat___thetree(多指樹(shù)外之物)___thetree(多指樹(shù)本身之物)在樹(shù)上inon與名詞所有格連用表示地點(diǎn),也用at。如:atatinon5在某些搭配中,三者的區(qū)別與英國(guó)英語(yǔ)和美國(guó)英語(yǔ)有關(guān):inthestreet(英)/onthestreet(美)在街上intheroad(英)/ontheroad(美)在路上intheteam(英)/ontheteam(美)在這個(gè)隊(duì)attheweekend(英)/ontheweekend(美)在周末atweekends(英)/onweekends(美)在周末在某些搭配中,三者的區(qū)別與英國(guó)英語(yǔ)和美國(guó)英語(yǔ)有關(guān):6表示時(shí)間的since和from:since表示從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間的過(guò)程,常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。from表示從時(shí)間的某一點(diǎn)開(kāi)始,不涉及與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。一般多與現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過(guò)去時(shí)、將來(lái)時(shí)連用。Ihopetodomorningexercises_____today.Wehavenotseeneachother______1995.Sincethen,she______________asateacherhere.Fromthenon,she______asateacherhere.fromsincehasworkedworked表示時(shí)間的since和from:fromsincehasw7till、until
①till(until)與持續(xù)動(dòng)詞連用一般用于肯定句中,與短暫動(dòng)詞連用一般用在否定句中。如:
Hewaitedformetilltwelveo’clock.
Hedidn’tgetuptill(until)10a.m.
但注意:在句首出現(xiàn)或強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中一般不用till而用until。如:
Notuntil10a.m.didhegetup.他等到我12點(diǎn).他直到10點(diǎn)才起床till、until
他等到我12點(diǎn).8in、after、later
①in+一段時(shí)間:表示說(shuō)話時(shí)為起點(diǎn)一段時(shí)間之后,與一般將來(lái)時(shí)連用;但表示“在……之內(nèi)”時(shí),用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。
②after+一段時(shí)間表示:“在過(guò)去一段時(shí)間之后”,用于一般過(guò)去時(shí);+一點(diǎn)時(shí)間時(shí),用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。
Thedoctorwillbewithus____sixminutes.Wewillmeetagain____twoweeks.
Hereceivedherletter_____fourweeks.Hewillreceiverherletter_____2o’clock.
另外,in+一段時(shí)間+’s+time與within+一段時(shí)間的用法如下:
inaweek’stime=inaweek
Theywillarriveinthreedays’time.(與將來(lái)時(shí)連用)
in=withininafterafterin、after、later
in=withininafte9Across/throughAcross表示從一端至另一端橫跨’橫渡;在物體表面上的通過(guò),與on有關(guān)through則表示在三維空間內(nèi)部“穿過(guò)”。與in有關(guān);表示透過(guò),通過(guò)帶洞的物體.Ittookthem6weekstowalk______thegreatdesert..
Iwalked________theforest/thecrowd.Themoonlightwent___________thewindow.Hestudiedthesky___________thetelescope.Heswam__________theriverwithin5minutes.acrossacrossthroughthroughthroughAcross/throughacrossacrossth10Alittleboatisnow______thebridge.
Thesunsinks______thehorizon(地平線)
Thewindowiswell______thetree.
Theearthlay__________ablanketofsnow.Shespreadacloth______thetable.表示“在……的上面”的on,over,above:On:在物體表面上,相接觸的.反義詞:beneathover表示“正上方;還可表示“越過(guò)””覆蓋”.反義詞是underabove只表示“在上方”但不一定在“正上方”。反義詞是below還可表示溫度、水位等“高于”Thereisabridge______theriverOurplaneflew_______theclouds.Thereisapicture____thewall.overaboveunderbelowaboveonoverbeneathAlittleboatisnow______th11below與under都可表示“低于”,under主要表示垂直在下的正下方,而below則不一定表示正下方(可以是正下方或非正下方)Lookinthecupboard________________thesink.到洗碗池下面的柜子里找一找。Theclimbersstopped300meters________thetopofthemountain.登山隊(duì)員們?cè)陔x山頂300米處停了下來(lái)。換句話說(shuō),表示正下方,兩者都可用;不表示正下方,則通常用below。below[under]belowbelow與underbelow[under]below12below與under
2.兩者均可表示數(shù)量方面的“少于”,但在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中,以用under為多見(jiàn)。如:Therewere_______fortypeopleatthemeeting.參加會(huì)議的人不足40人。注:在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中,below表示“少于”,主要用于表示溫度、高度以及有縱向標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可比的情況。如:Thisplaceis_______sealevel.此地在海平面以下。Thetemperatureistwodegrees_______zero.溫度是零下2度。underbelowbelowbelow與underunderbelowbelow13below與under
3.表示職位、級(jí)別等關(guān)系時(shí),用under表直接關(guān)系,用below表非直接關(guān)系。比較:MrAis________MrB.A先生是B先生的部下。MrAis________MrB.A先生比B先生職位低。underbelowbelow與underunderbelow14Thisproblemis_______________me/myunderstanding.這個(gè)問(wèn)題我無(wú)能為力。Hemaythinkhimselfaboveothers.他也許自以為高人一等。4.在程度或限度等方面“超過(guò)”、“超越”等,這類(lèi)短語(yǔ)通常用作表語(yǔ)above/beyondThisproblemis______________15Beyond表示位置“在……的那一邊;在更遠(yuǎn)處”。___________theriverstoodapowerstation.過(guò)了這條河就是一個(gè)發(fā)電站。表示范圍、水平、限度、能力等“超出;為……所不能及”。
固定搭配beyonddoubtbeyondcontrolbeyondcomparisonbeyondallpraisebeyondbeliefBeyond無(wú)容置疑,確實(shí)地?zé)o法控制無(wú)以倫比贊不絕口難以置信BeyondBeyond無(wú)容置疑,確實(shí)地16表示方式、手段、工具的介詞with,in,by:
With:表示用具體的工具,或用身體的某部位In:使用語(yǔ)言、材料、聲音;具體的確交通工具等By:表泛指的交通工具方式、或其它手段;通過(guò)做…(bydoing…)____telephone(radio),但___thephone/theradio/___TV(電訊器材),____hand但_____one’shands____bus(road)/car/bybike但____theredbus,____mycar,___hisbike,____foot
_____apen/pencil但____ink/pencilHekilledthedog____astone_____hittingit.Thenovelwaswritten____easyEnglish.另外:bymeansof用……方法,bywayof經(jīng)由,取道于byononbywithbyininonwithinwithbyin表示方式、手段、工具的介詞with,in,by:
b17表示“除……之外”的幾組常用介紹比較:
①besides:除……以外,(還有)。作副詞時(shí)意思是“而且,更何況”。
②except:除去,除……之外(不再有)。
③exceptfor:除了……(對(duì)句子主題進(jìn)行細(xì)節(jié)校正或附加說(shuō)明)后接名詞、代詞或what從句
④except+從句…:除了……一點(diǎn)以外。Whoelsewenttothecinema________Shaw.
Itwastoolatetoseeafilm,and_______,Iwastired.
Weallwent_______John.
Hewasveryclever_____________carelessness.
Hehasnotchanged_____________heiswearingdarkglasses.Wegotoschooleveryday____________therearenoclasses.besidesbesidesexceptexceptforexceptthatexceptwhen表示“除……之外”的幾組常用介紹比較:
Whoelsew18but與except表示“除了……以外”時(shí)可通用,但點(diǎn):前面有不定人詞、疑問(wèn)代詞在意義上對(duì)稱(chēng)時(shí),多用but。
All______onearehere.
Nobody_______Ilikesmakingmodelships.
but與一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)連用:havenothingtodobutdo….
havenochoicebuttodosth.cannotbutdosth.cannothelpbutdosth.butfor…butbut只得做某事,不得不,不得不……,如不是……but與exceptbutbut只得做某事,19between與among.
Between:指兩者之間。有時(shí)雖然是三個(gè)以上的人或東西,如強(qiáng)調(diào)的是兩兩相互間關(guān)系,適宜用betweenAmong:表示三者以上之間;與最高級(jí)連用(=oneof)
Switzerlandlies______France,Germany,AustriaandItaly.
It’sasecret_______youandme.Shewasbusy________workingandlookingafterthebaby.Hewashappytobe________friendsagain.
Londonis_________thelargestcities.Theydon’tknowthedifference________wheat,oatsandbarley.betweenbetweenbetweenbetweenamongamongbetween與among.
betweenbetweenb20表示”隨著…”As(連詞)/with(介詞)意義接近的介詞和連詞:______timewenton,histheoryprovedtobecorrect.______timegoingon,…表示”在…期間”During(介詞)/while(連詞)I’llvisitmanyplaces________mystayinParis.________IstayinParis.
AsWithduringwhile表示”隨著…”As(連詞)/with(介詞)意義接近的21表”雖然””盡管”的though(連詞)/inspiteof(despite)介詞_______itrainedhard,hewentonworkingoutside.________________theheavyrain,he…表示”以防萬(wàn)一”的incase(介詞)/incaseof(連詞)Wemightaswelltakeanumbrella_______itrains.__________therain.ThoughDespite/inspiteofincaseincaseof表”雖然””盡管”的though(連詞)/inspi22表示”像…”的as(連詞),like(介詞):WemustlearnEnglish_____Marxdid.ThenImadefacesandjumped______amonkey.Tomhasthesameshirt_____mine.Letmespeaktoyou___afather.(as作“作為”、“以……地位或身份”解:
事實(shí)是父親);aslikeasas表示”像…”的as(連詞),like(介詞):aslike23要求接to的名詞有:key、answer,road,visit、trip,entrance、introduction、noteassistance,等“to”為介詞的短語(yǔ):Beusedto…Lookforwardto…PayattentiontoBedevotedto…Beaddictedto…BeaccustomedtoAdaptto…Adjustto…Leadto…Stickto…Contributeto…要求接to的名詞有:24形似分詞的邊緣介詞:
Wehadseveraldiscussions___________thematter.
________________hisage,hewritesquitewell.
Yesterday,wehadaspiriteddiscussionregardingthefutureofthereform.關(guān)于這事,我們已討論好幾次了。以他的年齡來(lái)看,他寫(xiě)得相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)。昨天,我們就改革的前途進(jìn)行了一番熱烈的討論。
concerningrespectingConsidering/givenConcerning/respecting(關(guān)于,就……來(lái)說(shuō)):Considering/given(鑒于,就……而論):
regarding(關(guān)于),此詞為正式用語(yǔ),常用于商業(yè)信函中。形似分詞的邊緣介詞:
Wehadseveraldis25形似分詞的邊緣介詞:
wanting(沒(méi)有):
____________courage,victoryisimpossible.
Including…(包括)Wearesixinall__________Xiaoming.沒(méi)有勇氣,就不可能取得勝利。Wantingincluding形似分詞的邊緣介詞:wanting(沒(méi)有):
沒(méi)有勇氣,26介詞的省略:
①表示時(shí)間的介詞on、at、in的省略。在next、last、yesterday、tomorrow、each、one、any、every、all等詞之前,可以省略lastweekend、thatday等。
②介詞for在以all開(kāi)頭的名詞短語(yǔ)前,要省略。Istayedwithherallhemorning
③某些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)之后的介詞可以省略。
Nothingcanpreventme(from)doingthejob.
Shespentnearlytwohours(in)translatingit.介詞的省略:
27“---Howlonghaveyoubeenanactor?”“---_______1995,whenIgraduatedfromcollege.”
A.After
B.InC.From
D.Since
Whendidyoubecomeanactor?”“_______1995,whenIgraduatedfromcollege.”
A.After
B.InC.From
D.Since
“---Howlonghaveyoubeenan28“Howlongwillyouworkonthefarm?”“____theendofnextyear.”
In
B.ByC.At
D.Since“Whendidyouleavethefarm?”“____theendoflastyear.”
A.In
B.ByC.At
D.Since“Howlongwillyouworkonthe29Inthosedays,wehadnophones,sowehavetokeepintouch_____writingoften.
with
B.ofC.on
D.byWe’vetalkedalot___films.How___televisionnow?of,with
B.with,towardsC.about,about
D.for,about
Inthosedays,wehadnophone30Sofar,severalshipshavebeenreportedmissing_______thecoastofBermudaIsland.
off
B.alongC.on
D.around
Theliftinthattallbuildingwentwrongandgottrapped_____floors.Peopleinithadnowaytogetout.
A.in
B.betweenC.among
D.on
Sofar,severalshipshavebee31_____theirinexperience,they’vedoneagoodjob.
Given
B.SupposedC.Considered
D.Concluded
Theypromisethattheworkwillallbefinished__nextweek.
A.until
B.inC.by
D.to
_____theirinexperience,they32Sheknewnothingabouthisjourney_______hewaslikelytobeawayforthreemonths.
except
B.exceptforC.exceptthat
D.inaddition
Heusuallygoestoworkbybike_______itrains.A.except
B.exceptwhenC.exceptthatD.exceptforIfoundtheislandawonderfulplaceforourexperiments_______thehotweather.A.besides
B.exceptforC.except
D.exceptthat
Sheknewnothingabouthisjou33Afterfinishingmiddleschool,mysisterdidnothing________athome.buttoreadB.butreadC.besidesreadingD.excepttoreadAfterfinishingmiddleschool,34Imadecoat________myownhands.Itwasmade________handnotwithamachine.in;inB.in;withC.with;byD.with;withImadecoat________myownha35Theappletreeshavelotsofbigapples________them.Andsomebirdsaresinging________thetrees.in;onB.at;inC.on;inD.with;throughTheappletreeshavelotsofb36Weshoulddivideallthepotatoes________twopilesandseparatedthegoodones________thebadones.from;byB.into;fromC.into;intoD.from;intoWeshoulddivideallthepotat37—Theseboxesaretooheavyformetocarry.—Here,I’llgiveyouahand________them.forB.toC.withD.by—Theseboxesaretooheavyfo381.其他詞+ofaheadof在…之前,比…強(qiáng)insteadof代替,而不regardlessof不顧,不管2.其他詞+toaccordingto根據(jù)asto至于,關(guān)于contraryto違反dueto由于,由于…的原因nearto在…的附近nextto緊挨著,緊次于owingto因?yàn)?,由于thanksto多虧,由于1.其他詞+of2.其他詞+to393.in+其他詞+ofinadvanceof在…前面in/onbehalfof為了(…的利益)incaseof如果,萬(wàn)一,以防incelebrationof慶祝inchargeof負(fù)責(zé),管理indefenceof保衛(wèi)inexplanationof解釋infaceof面對(duì)infavourof贊成,主張infrontof在…前面inhonorof紀(jì)念,祝賀,歡迎inmemoryof紀(jì)念inneedof需要inplaceof代替inpossessionof擁有inpraiseof稱(chēng)贊inrespectof關(guān)于,就…而言insearchof尋找,搜找insightof在看見(jiàn)…的地方inspiteof雖然,盡管insupportof為了支持(擁護(hù))…inviewof鑒于,考慮到3.in+其他詞+of404.in+其他詞+for(frominexchangefor作為對(duì)…的交換inpreparationfor為…作準(zhǔn)備inreturnfor作為…的報(bào)答inrewardfor作為…的報(bào)酬5.in+其他詞+to(frominadditionto加之,除…之外inanswerto回答,響應(yīng)inreplyto對(duì)…的回答(答復(fù))inresponseto回答,響應(yīng)in[with]referenceto關(guān)于in[with]regardto關(guān)于中考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)課件介詞41介詞的分類(lèi)與語(yǔ)法功能介詞是虛詞,不能單獨(dú)作句子成分,必須與名詞、代詞(或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類(lèi)、短語(yǔ)或從句等)構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ),在句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。常見(jiàn)的介詞賓語(yǔ):名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞、從句、
介詞分為:簡(jiǎn)單介詞,如at、in、for等;合成介詞,如within、inside、onto…短語(yǔ)介詞,如accordingto、outof、becauseof、bymeansof、雙重介詞,如frombehind/above/under、分詞介詞,如considering、including、
主要介詞區(qū)別:
介詞的分類(lèi)與語(yǔ)法功能主要介詞區(qū)別:42表示時(shí)間的at,in,on
In:表示在某一較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間內(nèi),如世紀(jì)、年、月、季、周等一般用介詞inOn:在具體的某一天或某天上午、晚上、前夕,常用on;用于描述性的時(shí)間:OnacoldnightAt:表示某一時(shí)刻或某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間用at,如小時(shí)、分鐘等。
Theysetout_____aMondaymorning.Theygothome_____noon.Theyusuallyplayedbasketball____theevening,andthatgamewasheld____awarmevening.ononatin表示時(shí)間的at,in,onIn:表示在某一較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間內(nèi),43地點(diǎn)介詞at、on、inat:在較小的場(chǎng)所,In:1)在較大的場(chǎng)所;2)表示在某物內(nèi)部On:在……的表面上。
Helives_____55Parkstreet.Thereisabook_____thetable.Thereisaninterestingarticle___thenewspaper./Hedugahole____thewall.onatinin地點(diǎn)介詞at、on、inHelives_____5544表示地理位置的in,on,to:
若A地屬于B地,用in;A地位于B地的外面且有邊緣銜接用on;A地位于B地的外面無(wú)邊緣的銜接有to。
Japanlies____theeastofChina.Fujianlies___thesoutheastofChina.
Canadalies____thenorthoftheUSA.ChinafacesthePacific____theeast.Ningboisacity_____thecoast.
Theislandlies____thecoastofChina.(相隔一定距離)
ontoinononoff表示地理位置的in,on,to:ontoinononof45與名詞所有格連用表示地點(diǎn),也用at。如:_____mysister’s在我姐姐家_____thedoctor’s在醫(yī)務(wù)室atat___thetree(多指樹(shù)外之物)___thetree(多指樹(shù)本身之物)在樹(shù)上inon與名詞所有格連用表示地點(diǎn),也用at。如:atatinon46在某些搭配中,三者的區(qū)別與英國(guó)英語(yǔ)和美國(guó)英語(yǔ)有關(guān):inthestreet(英)/onthestreet(美)在街上intheroad(英)/ontheroad(美)在路上intheteam(英)/ontheteam(美)在這個(gè)隊(duì)attheweekend(英)/ontheweekend(美)在周末atweekends(英)/onweekends(美)在周末在某些搭配中,三者的區(qū)別與英國(guó)英語(yǔ)和美國(guó)英語(yǔ)有關(guān):47表示時(shí)間的since和from:since表示從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間的過(guò)程,常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。from表示從時(shí)間的某一點(diǎn)開(kāi)始,不涉及與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。一般多與現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過(guò)去時(shí)、將來(lái)時(shí)連用。Ihopetodomorningexercises_____today.Wehavenotseeneachother______1995.Sincethen,she______________asateacherhere.Fromthenon,she______asateacherhere.fromsincehasworkedworked表示時(shí)間的since和from:fromsincehasw48till、until
①till(until)與持續(xù)動(dòng)詞連用一般用于肯定句中,與短暫動(dòng)詞連用一般用在否定句中。如:
Hewaitedformetilltwelveo’clock.
Hedidn’tgetuptill(until)10a.m.
但注意:在句首出現(xiàn)或強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中一般不用till而用until。如:
Notuntil10a.m.didhegetup.他等到我12點(diǎn).他直到10點(diǎn)才起床till、until
他等到我12點(diǎn).49in、after、later
①in+一段時(shí)間:表示說(shuō)話時(shí)為起點(diǎn)一段時(shí)間之后,與一般將來(lái)時(shí)連用;但表示“在……之內(nèi)”時(shí),用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。
②after+一段時(shí)間表示:“在過(guò)去一段時(shí)間之后”,用于一般過(guò)去時(shí);+一點(diǎn)時(shí)間時(shí),用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。
Thedoctorwillbewithus____sixminutes.Wewillmeetagain____twoweeks.
Hereceivedherletter_____fourweeks.Hewillreceiverherletter_____2o’clock.
另外,in+一段時(shí)間+’s+time與within+一段時(shí)間的用法如下:
inaweek’stime=inaweek
Theywillarriveinthreedays’time.(與將來(lái)時(shí)連用)
in=withininafterafterin、after、later
in=withininafte50Across/throughAcross表示從一端至另一端橫跨’橫渡;在物體表面上的通過(guò),與on有關(guān)through則表示在三維空間內(nèi)部“穿過(guò)”。與in有關(guān);表示透過(guò),通過(guò)帶洞的物體.Ittookthem6weekstowalk______thegreatdesert..
Iwalked________theforest/thecrowd.Themoonlightwent___________thewindow.Hestudiedthesky___________thetelescope.Heswam__________theriverwithin5minutes.acrossacrossthroughthroughthroughAcross/throughacrossacrossth51Alittleboatisnow______thebridge.
Thesunsinks______thehorizon(地平線)
Thewindowiswell______thetree.
Theearthlay__________ablanketofsnow.Shespreadacloth______thetable.表示“在……的上面”的on,over,above:On:在物體表面上,相接觸的.反義詞:beneathover表示“正上方;還可表示“越過(guò)””覆蓋”.反義詞是underabove只表示“在上方”但不一定在“正上方”。反義詞是below還可表示溫度、水位等“高于”Thereisabridge______theriverOurplaneflew_______theclouds.Thereisapicture____thewall.overaboveunderbelowaboveonoverbeneathAlittleboatisnow______th52below與under都可表示“低于”,under主要表示垂直在下的正下方,而below則不一定表示正下方(可以是正下方或非正下方)Lookinthecupboard________________thesink.到洗碗池下面的柜子里找一找。Theclimbersstopped300meters________thetopofthemountain.登山隊(duì)員們?cè)陔x山頂300米處停了下來(lái)。換句話說(shuō),表示正下方,兩者都可用;不表示正下方,則通常用below。below[under]belowbelow與underbelow[under]below53below與under
2.兩者均可表示數(shù)量方面的“少于”,但在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中,以用under為多見(jiàn)。如:Therewere_______fortypeopleatthemeeting.參加會(huì)議的人不足40人。注:在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中,below表示“少于”,主要用于表示溫度、高度以及有縱向標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可比的情況。如:Thisplaceis_______sealevel.此地在海平面以下。Thetemperatureistwodegrees_______zero.溫度是零下2度。underbelowbelowbelow與underunderbelowbelow54below與under
3.表示職位、級(jí)別等關(guān)系時(shí),用under表直接關(guān)系,用below表非直接關(guān)系。比較:MrAis________MrB.A先生是B先生的部下。MrAis________MrB.A先生比B先生職位低。underbelowbelow與underunderbelow55Thisproblemis_______________me/myunderstanding.這個(gè)問(wèn)題我無(wú)能為力。Hemaythinkhimselfaboveothers.他也許自以為高人一等。4.在程度或限度等方面“超過(guò)”、“超越”等,這類(lèi)短語(yǔ)通常用作表語(yǔ)above/beyondThisproblemis______________56Beyond表示位置“在……的那一邊;在更遠(yuǎn)處”。___________theriverstoodapowerstation.過(guò)了這條河就是一個(gè)發(fā)電站。表示范圍、水平、限度、能力等“超出;為……所不能及”。
固定搭配beyonddoubtbeyondcontrolbeyondcomparisonbeyondallpraisebeyondbeliefBeyond無(wú)容置疑,確實(shí)地?zé)o法控制無(wú)以倫比贊不絕口難以置信BeyondBeyond無(wú)容置疑,確實(shí)地57表示方式、手段、工具的介詞with,in,by:
With:表示用具體的工具,或用身體的某部位In:使用語(yǔ)言、材料、聲音;具體的確交通工具等By:表泛指的交通工具方式、或其它手段;通過(guò)做…(bydoing…)____telephone(radio),但___thephone/theradio/___TV(電訊器材),____hand但_____one’shands____bus(road)/car/bybike但____theredbus,____mycar,___hisbike,____foot
_____apen/pencil但____ink/pencilHekilledthedog____astone_____hittingit.Thenovelwaswritten____easyEnglish.另外:bymeansof用……方法,bywayof經(jīng)由,取道于byononbywithbyininonwithinwithbyin表示方式、手段、工具的介詞with,in,by:
b58表示“除……之外”的幾組常用介紹比較:
①besides:除……以外,(還有)。作副詞時(shí)意思是“而且,更何況”。
②except:除去,除……之外(不再有)。
③exceptfor:除了……(對(duì)句子主題進(jìn)行細(xì)節(jié)校正或附加說(shuō)明)后接名詞、代詞或what從句
④except+從句…:除了……一點(diǎn)以外。Whoelsewenttothecinema________Shaw.
Itwastoolatetoseeafilm,and_______,Iwastired.
Weallwent_______John.
Hewasveryclever_____________carelessness.
Hehasnotchanged_____________heiswearingdarkglasses.Wegotoschooleveryday____________therearenoclasses.besidesbesidesexceptexceptforexceptthatexceptwhen表示“除……之外”的幾組常用介紹比較:
Whoelsew59but與except表示“除了……以外”時(shí)可通用,但點(diǎn):前面有不定人詞、疑問(wèn)代詞在意義上對(duì)稱(chēng)時(shí),多用but。
All______onearehere.
Nobody_______Ilikesmakingmodelships.
but與一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)連用:havenothingtodobutdo….
havenochoicebuttodosth.cannotbutdosth.cannothelpbutdosth.butfor…butbut只得做某事,不得不,不得不……,如不是……but與exceptbutbut只得做某事,60between與among.
Between:指兩者之間。有時(shí)雖然是三個(gè)以上的人或東西,如強(qiáng)調(diào)的是兩兩相互間關(guān)系,適宜用betweenAmong:表示三者以上之間;與最高級(jí)連用(=oneof)
Switzerlandlies______France,Germany,AustriaandItaly.
It’sasecret_______youandme.Shewasbusy________workingandlookingafterthebaby.Hewashappytobe________friendsagain.
Londonis_________thelargestcities.Theydon’tknowthedifference________wheat,oatsandbarley.betweenbetweenbetweenbetweenamongamongbetween與among.
betweenbetweenb61表示”隨著…”As(連詞)/with(介詞)意義接近的介詞和連詞:______timewenton,histheoryprovedtobecorrect.______timegoingon,…表示”在…期間”During(介詞)/while(連詞)I’llvisitmanyplaces________mystayinParis.________IstayinParis.
AsWithduringwhile表示”隨著…”As(連詞)/with(介詞)意義接近的62表”雖然””盡管”的though(連詞)/inspiteof(despite)介詞_______itrainedhard,hewentonworkingoutside.________________theheavyrain,he…表示”以防萬(wàn)一”的incase(介詞)/incaseof(連詞)Wemightaswelltakeanumbrella_______itrains.__________therain.ThoughDespite/inspiteofincaseincaseof表”雖然””盡管”的though(連詞)/inspi63表示”像…”的as(連詞),like(介詞):WemustlearnEnglish_____Marxdid.ThenImadefacesandjumped______amonkey.Tomhasthesameshirt_____mine.Letmespeaktoyou___afather.(as作“作為”、“以……地位或身份”解:
事實(shí)是父親);aslikeasas表示”像…”的as(連詞),like(介詞):aslike64要求接to的名詞有:key、answer,road,visit、trip,entrance、introduction、noteassistance,等“to”為介詞的短語(yǔ):Beusedto…Lookforwardto…PayattentiontoBedevotedto…Beaddictedto…BeaccustomedtoAdaptto…Adjustto…Leadto…Stickto…Contributeto…要求接to的名詞有:65形似分詞的邊緣介詞:
Wehadseveraldiscussions___________thematter.
________________hisage,hewritesquitewell.
Yesterday,wehadaspiriteddiscussionregardingthefutureofthereform.關(guān)于這事,我們已討論好幾次了。以他的年齡來(lái)看,他寫(xiě)得相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)。昨天,我們就改革的前途進(jìn)行了一番熱烈的討論。
concerningrespectingConsidering/givenConcerning/respecting(關(guān)于,就……來(lái)說(shuō)):Considering/given(鑒于,就……而論):
regarding(關(guān)于),此詞為正式用語(yǔ),常用于商業(yè)信函中。形似分詞的邊緣介詞:
Wehadseveraldis66形似分詞的邊緣介詞:
wanting(沒(méi)有):
____________courage,victoryisimpossible.
Including…(包括)Wearesixinall__________Xiaoming.沒(méi)有勇氣,就不可能取得勝利。Wantingincluding形似分詞的邊緣介詞:wanting(沒(méi)有):
沒(méi)有勇氣,67介詞的省略:
①表示時(shí)間的介詞on、at、in的省略。在next、last、yesterday、tomorrow、each、one、any、every、all等詞之前,可以省略lastweekend、thatday等。
②介詞for在以all開(kāi)頭的名詞短語(yǔ)前,要省略。Istayedwithherallhemorning
③某些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)之后的介詞可以省略。
Nothingcanpreventme(from)doingthejob.
Shespentnearlytwohours(in)translatingit.介詞的省略:
68“---Howlonghaveyoubeenanactor?”“---_______1995,whenIgraduatedfromcollege.”
A.After
B.InC.From
D.Since
Whendidyoubecomeanactor?”“_______1995,whenIgraduatedfromcollege.”
A.After
B.InC.From
D.Since
“---Howlonghaveyoubeenan69“Howlongwillyouworkonthefarm?”“____theendofnextyear.”
In
B.ByC.At
D.Since“Whendidyouleavethefarm?”“____theendoflastyear.”
A.In
B.ByC.At
D.Since“Howlongwillyouworkonthe70Inthosedays,wehadnophones,sowehavetokeepintouch_____writingoften.
with
B.ofC.on
D.byWe’vetalkedalot___films.How___televisionnow?of,with
B.with,towardsC.about,about
D.for,about
Inthosedays,wehadnophone71Sofar,severalshipshavebeenreportedmissing_______thecoastofBermudaIsland.
off
B.alongC.on
D.around
Theliftinthattallbuildingwentwrongandgottrapped_____floors.Peopleinithadnowaytogetout.
A.in
B.betweenC.among
D.on
Sofar,severalshipshavebee72_____theirinexperience,they’vedoneagoodjob.
Given
B.SupposedC.Considered
D.Concluded
Theypromisethattheworkwillallbefinished__nextweek.
A.until
B.inC.by
D.to
_____theirinexperience,they73Sheknewnothingabouthisjourney_______hewaslikelytobeawayforthreemonths.
except
B.exceptforC.exceptthat
D.
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