新SAT閱讀電子講義

目錄TOC\o"1-5"\h\z\o"CurrentDocument"新 SAT 考試概述(SummaryoftheRedesignedSAT ) 1新 SAT 閱讀介紹(IntroductiontotheReadingTest) 2新 SAT 閱讀特色(KeyFeaturesoftheReadingTest) 2\o"CurrentDocument"新 SAT 閱讀策略(ReadingStrategies) 3\o"CurrentDocument"?？碱}型介紹(TypesofQuestions) 5\o"CurrentDocument"附錄一：新0G題型匯總(TypesofQuestionsofOG) 13\o"CurrentDocument"附錄二：過(guò)渡詞匯總結(jié)(Transitionwords) 33\o"CurrentDocument"附錄三：新0G難句匯總(ComplexSentencesofOG) 35\o"CurrentDocument"附錄四：新0G拓展閱讀(FurtherReadings) 49\o"CurrentDocument"Literature 49\o"CurrentDocument"RL00001 49\o"CurrentDocument"RL00002 54\o"CurrentDocument"RL00003 60\o"CurrentDocument"RL00004 66\o"CurrentDocument"SocialScience 77\o"CurrentDocument"RSS00001 77\o"CurrentDocument"RSS00002 83\o"CurrentDocument"RSS00003 89\o"CurrentDocument"RSS00004 95\o"CurrentDocument"RSS00005 101\o"CurrentDocument"History 107\o"CurrentDocument"RH00001 107\o"CurrentDocument"RH00002 113\o"CurrentDocument"RH00003 119\o"CurrentDocument"RH00004 125\o"CurrentDocument"RH00005 131\o"CurrentDocument"Science 137\o"CurrentDocument"RS00001 137\o"CurrentDocument"RS00002 144\o"CurrentDocument"RS00003 151\o"CurrentDocument"RS00004 157參考答纂二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二169額夕卜筆記區(qū)(AdditionalNotes) 170

一'新SAT考試概述(SummaryoftheRedesignedSAT)CategoryRedesignedSATComponentsEvidence-BasedReadingandWritingReadingTestWritingandLanguageTestMathEssay(OptionalandgivenattheendoftheSAT;postsecondaryinstitutionsdeterminewhethertheywillrequiretheEssayforadmission)TestLengthandTimingComponentTimeAllotted(min.)NumberofQuestions/TasksReading6552WritingandLanguage3544Math8058Essay(optional)501Total180(230withEssay)154(155withEssay)ScoreReportingScalerangingfrom400to1600Scalerangingfrom200to800forEvidence-BasedReadingandWriting;200to800forMath;2to8oneachofthreetraitsforEssayImportantFeaturesNopenaltyforwronganswersFouranswersforeveryquestionAvailableinpaperanddigitalforms二'新SAT閱讀介紹(IntroductiontotheReadingTest)TotalQuestions: TotalTime: NumberofPassages: PassageLength: PassageSubject: >QuestionsperPassage: 三'新SAT閱讀特色(KeyFeaturesoftheReadingTest)＞文章類(lèi)型簡(jiǎn)約化： ＞文章主題明確化： ＞文章內(nèi)容圖表化： ＞題目類(lèi)型多元化： ＞詞匯語(yǔ)境明晰化： ＞主旨題考察增多： ＞行號(hào)題考察減少： ＞答題時(shí)間相對(duì)多： ＞選項(xiàng)數(shù)量相對(duì)少： ＞答錯(cuò)不再倒扣分： 四'新SAT閱讀策略(ReadingStrategies)LSP(longsinglepassage)XBasicinfoquantity： format： wordcount： timelimit: XStrategyLPP(longpaired-passages)XBasicinfoquantity： format： wordcount： timelimit: XStrategy五'?？碱}型介紹(TypesofQuestions)-）信息觀點(diǎn)類(lèi).推理題ID：Solution:.舉證題ID：Solution:Solution:4.詞匯題ID:Solution:Solution:6.假設(shè)題ID:Solution:Solution:8.比對(duì)題ID:Solution:二）修辭手法類(lèi)9.修辭題ID:Solution:10.作用題ID:Solution：Solution：12.態(tài)度題ID:Solution:三）綜合能力類(lèi)13.互聯(lián)題ID:Solution:14.求同題ID:Solution:Solution:16.圖文題ID:Solution:附錄一：新OG題型匯總(TypesofQuestionsofOG)題號(hào)題型錯(cuò)題分析（PQO）OGI-1概述題OGI-2修辭題OGI-3詞匯題OGI-4推理題OGI-5舉證題OGI-6態(tài)度題OGI-7作用題-段落OGI-8詞匯題OGI-9因果題OGI-10舉證題

OG1-11作用題-例子OG1-12詞匯題OG1-13因果題OG1-14舉證題OG1-15態(tài)度題OG1-16態(tài)度題OG1-17舉證題OG1-18詞匯題OG1-19作用題-例子OG1-20圖文題OG1-21因果題

OG1-22作用題-詞匯OG1-23舉證題OG1-24推理題OG1-25作用題-例子OG1-26推理題OG1-27作用題-詞匯OG1-28圖文題OG1-29圖文題OG1-30圖文題OG1-31圖文題

OG1-32主旨題OG1-33主旨題OG1-34作用題-詞匯OG1-35因果題OG1-36推理題OG1-37舉證題OG1-38態(tài)度題OG1-39舉證題OG1-40作用題-詞匯OG1-41作用題-例子

OG1-42作用題-例子OG1-43推理題OG1-44舉證題OG1-45詞匯題OG1-46作用題-例子OG1-47推理題OG1-48詞匯題OG1-49互聯(lián)題OG1-50互聯(lián)題OG1-51舉證題OG1-52求同題

題號(hào)題型錯(cuò)題分析（PQO）OG2-1概述題OG2-2作用題-句子OG2-3作用題-段落OG2-4作用題-詞匯OG2-5因果題OG2-6態(tài)度題OG2-7舉證題OG2-8修辭題OG2-9態(tài)度題OG2-10舉證題

OG2-11主旨題OG2-12推理題OG2-13舉證題OG2-14詞匯題OG2-15作用題-段落OG2-16詞匯題OG2-17舉證題OG2-18作用題-段落OG2-19圖文題OG2-20圖文題OG2-21圖文題

OG2-22推理題OG2-23舉證題OG2-24推理題OG2-25詞匯題OG2-26作用題-例子OG2-27比對(duì)題OG2-28修辭題OG2-29主旨題OG2-30互聯(lián)題OG2-31求同題OG2-32舉證題

OG2-33推理題OG2-34作用題-詞匯OG2-35推理題OG2-36舉證題OG2-37詞匯題OG2-38作用題-詞匯OG2-39詞匯題OG2-40推理題OG2-41舉證題OG2-42推理題

OG2-43作用題-段落OG2-44詞匯題OG2-45因果題OG2-46舉證題OG2-47詞匯題OG2-48推理題OG2-49舉證題OG2-50圖文題OG2-51圖文題OG2-52圖文題

題號(hào)題型錯(cuò)題分析（PQO）OG3-1概述題OG3-2詞匯題OG3-3態(tài)度題OG3-4舉證題OG3-5作用題-例子OG3-6詞匯題OG3-7推理題OG3-8推理題OG3-9態(tài)度題OG3-10舉證題

OG3-11作用題-段落OG3-12推理題OG3-13舉證題OG3-14作用題-段落OG3-15舉證題OG3-16詞匯題OG3-17詞匯題OG3-18舉證題OG3-19圖文題OG3-20圖文題

OG3-21次序題OG3-22詞匯題OG3-23推理題OG3-24舉證題OG3-25作用題-例子OG3-26次序題OG3-27推理題OG3-28詞匯題OG3-29推理題OG3-30舉證題

OG3-31詞匯題OG3-32推理題OG3-33舉證題OG3-34推理題OG3-35詞匯題OG3-36推理題OG3-37舉證題OG3-38作用題-例子OG3-39互聯(lián)題OG3-40求同題OG3-41互聯(lián)題

OG3-42作用題-詞匯OG3-43假設(shè)題OG3-44舉證題OG3-45推理題OG3-46舉證題OG3-47詞匯題OG3-48作用題-段落OG3-49假設(shè)題OG3-50圖文題OG3-51圖文題OG3-52圖文題

題號(hào)題型錯(cuò)題分析（PQO）OG4-1態(tài)度題OG4-2舉證題OG4-3詞匯題OG4-4作用題-句子OG4-5推理題OG4-6舉證題OG4-7態(tài)度題OG4-8推理題OG4-9詞匯題OG4-10詞匯題

OG4-11概述題OG4-12推理題OG4-13詞匯題OG4-14推理題OG4-15舉證題OG4-16推理題OG4-17舉證題OG4-18詞匯題OG4-19圖文題OG4-20圖文題OG4-21圖文題

OG4-22主旨題OG4-23態(tài)度題OG4-24詞匯題OG4-25推理題OG4-26舉證題OG4-27推理題OG4-28舉證題OG4-29推理題OG4-30作用題-符號(hào)OG4-31推理題

OG4-32求異題OG4-33詞匯題OG4-34詞匯題OG4-35推理題OG4-36互聯(lián)題OG4-37舉證題OG4-38互聯(lián)題OG4-39舉證題OG4-40互聯(lián)題OG4-41求同題

OG4-42主旨題OG4-43作用題-全文OG4-44舉證題OG4-45作用題-詞匯OG4-46推理題OG4-47舉證題OG4-48推理題OG4-49舉證題OG4-50圖文題OG4-51圖文題OG4-52圖文題附錄二：過(guò)渡詞匯總結(jié)(Transitionwords)Transitionsthatshowaddition:And,also,too,inaddition,moreover,besides,furthermore,notonly...butalso,aboveall,aswellas,togetherwith,alongwith,nextTransitionsthatshowtime:before,after,soon,atthetime,when,while,until,during,immediately,then,now,currently,atpresentTransitionsthatshowillustration:forexample,forinstance,suchas,thatis,inthiscase,inotherwords,infact,e.g.,i.e.,punctuationmarks(colons,commas,dashes,parentheses)Transitionsthatshowcomparison:like,as,similarly,inthesameway,aswell,too,equally,justas...so,as...as,both...and,neither...nor,likewise.Transitionsthatshowcontrast:unlike,differfrom,differentfrom,incontrastwith(to),whereas,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,instead,but,however,yet,although,nevertheless,eventhough,inspiteof,despite,ratherthan.Transitionsthatshowcauses:since,because,becauseof,dueto,owingto,for,as,onaccountof,resultfrom,bringabout,leadtoTransitionsthatshowresults(consequences):asaresult,therefore,thus,hence,so,consequently,so...that,resultin,Transitionsthatshowpurpose:inorderto,inthehopethat,soasto,sothat,inthehopeof.Transitionsthatshowsummary:inaword,inconclusion,onthewhole,inshort,toconclude,letmesummarize,tosumup,finally,atlast,inanutshell,inthefinalanalysis,Transitionsthatshowsequence:first,second,third,next,then,afterthat,finally,lastofall,atthebeginning,one,another,stillanother,soon,later,initially,intheend,atlast,eventually,Transitionsthatshowcondition:if,unless,onconditionthat,provided(that),aslongas,incase,suppose,onlyif,Transitionsthatshowtheauthor'sopinion:Ithink,itseemstome,myopinionis,itshouldbenoted,fortunately,unfortunately,happily,itisworthnoting,Ibelieve,Isuggest.Transitionsthatshowchanges:itseemsthat,Itappears,theoretically,traditionally,atthefirstglance,it'scommonlythought,contrarytopopularopinion,unexpectedly,unfortunately,surprisingly,paradoxically,ironically,Note1:sometransitionwordshavethesamemeaningsuchas:also,moreover,furthermore=inaddition.Note2:Sometransitionwords,insomecases,cansignalmorethanonetypeoflogicalrelationship.Forinstance:Whilecanshowtimeandcontrast.Sothatcanshowpurposeandresult.附錄三：新OG難句匯總(ComplexSentencesofOG)新SAT官方指南OGI第一篇小說(shuō)，LydiaMinitoya,TheStrangenessofBeautyHadhefollowedform—hadheaskedhismothertospeaktohisfathertoapproachago-betweenwouldChiehavebeenmorereceptive?第二篇社會(huì)科學(xué)，關(guān)于禮物贈(zèng)送的心理Indeed,weproposethatgift-recipientswillbelessinclinedtobasetheirfeelingsofappreciationonthemagnitudeofagiftthangiversassume.Thenotionofgift-giversandgift-recipientsbeingunabletoaccountfortheotherparty'sperspectiveseemspuzzlingbecausepeopleslipinandoutoftheseroleseveryday,and,insomecases,multipletimesinthecourseofthesameday.第三篇自然科學(xué)，關(guān)于基因組成Thefirstfeatureofourstructurewhichisofbiologicalinterestisthatitconsistsnotofonechain,butoftwo.Thusonechainis,asitwere,thecomplementoftheother,anditisthisfeaturewhichsuggestshowthedeoxyribonucleicacidmoleculemightduplicateitself.第四篇用要演講與文獻(xiàn)，VirginiaWoolf,ThreeGuineas,1938Wewhohavelookedsolongatthepageantinbooks,orfromacurtainedwindowwatchededucatedmenleavingthehouseataboutnine-thirtytogotoanoffice,returningtothehouseataboutsix-thirtyfromanoffice,needlookpassivelynolonger.Whocansaywhether,astimegoeson,wemaynotdressinmilitaryunifiorm,withgoldlaceonourbreasts,swordsatoursides,andsomethingliketheoldfamilycoal-scuttleonourheads,savethatthatvenerableobjectwasneverdecoratedwithplumesofwhitehorsehair.第五篇雙篇，關(guān)于開(kāi)發(fā)太空資源Theforumcomeshotontheheelsofthe2012unveilingoftwoprivateasteroid-miningfirms.Theyalsohopetobuildanoff-planeteconomyfreeofanybondswithEarth,inwhichthematerialsextractedandprocessedfromthemoonandasteroidsaredeliveredforspace-basedprojects.Questionsoftheirstewardshiphavebarelybeenbroachedandtherelevantlegalandregulatoryframeworkisfragmentary,toputitmildly.新SAT官方指南OG2第一篇小說(shuō)，1857年，CharlotteBronteW《教授》TheProfessorThethingitself-theworkofcopyingandtranslatingbusinessletterswasadryandtedioustaskenough,buthadthatbeenall,Ishouldlonghavebornewiththenuisance.1amnotofanimpatientnature,and,influencedbythedoubledesireofgettingmylivingandjustifyingtomyselfandotherstheresolutionIhadtakentobecomeatradesman,Ishouldhaveenduredinsilencetherustandcrampofmybestfaculties.1shouldhavepentineverysighbywhichmyheartmighthaveventuredtointimateitsdistressunderthecloseness,smoke,monotony,andjoylesstumultofBigbenClose,anditspantingdesiretorfreerandfresherscenes.IshouldhavesetuptheimageofDuty,thefetishofPerseverance,inmysmallbedroomatMrs.King'slodgings,andtheytwoshouldhavebeenmyhouseholdgods,fromwhichmydarling,mycherished-in-secret,Imagination,thetenderandthemighty,shouldnever,eitherbysoftnessorstrength,haveseveredme.Butthiswasnotall.Theantipathywhichhadsprungupbetweenmyselfandmyemployerstrikingdeeperrootandspreadingdensershadedaily,excludedmefromeveryglimpseofthesunshineoflife;andIbegantofeellikeaplantgrowinginhumiddarknessoutoftheslimywallsofawell.HadIbeeninanythinginferiortohim,hewouldnothavehatedmesothoroughly;but1knewallthatheknew,and,whatwasworse,hesuspectedthatIkeptthepadlockofsilenceonmenialwealthinwhichhewasnosharer.Ifhecouldhaveonceplacedmeinaridiculousormortifyingposition,hewouldhaveforgivenmemuch,butIwasguardedbythreefaculties-caution,tact,observation;andprowlingandpryingaswasEdward'smalignity,itcouldneverbafflethelynx-eyesofthese,mynaturalsentinels.Daybydaydidhismalicewatchmytact,hopingitwouldsleep,andpreparedtostealsnake-likeonitsslumber;buttact,ifitbegenuine,neversleeps.第二篇社會(huì)科學(xué)，2013年，LainKing《經(jīng)濟(jì)可以愛(ài)道德嗎》Insteadofjudgingconsequences,Aristotlesaidethicswasabouthavingtherightcharacter-displayingvirtueslikecourageandhonesty.Insteadofrootingethicsincharacterortheconsequencesofactions,wecanfocusonouractionsthemselves.第三篇社會(huì)科學(xué)，雙篇1.Genuinemultitasking,too,hasbeenexposedasamyth,notjustbylaboratorystudiesbutbythefamiliarsightofanSUVundulatingbetweenlanesasthedrivercutdealsonhiscellphones.第四篇重要演講與文獻(xiàn)背景介紹：Women'srightspioneerElizabethCadyStanton(1815-1902)gavethispowerfulspeechin1868attheWomen'sSuffrageConventioninWashington,D.C.Twentyyearsearlier,atSenecaFalls,NewYork,shehadhelpedtolaunchthewomen'srightsmovementinAmerica.StantonworkedtirelesslyformorethanhalfacenturytoobtainvotingrightsforAmericanwomenandalsoquestionedthesocialandpoliticalnormsofherdaywhichexcludedwomen.Themaleelementisadestructiveforce,stern,selfish,aggrandizing,lovingwar,violence,conquest,acquisition,breedinginthematerialandmoralworldalikediscord,disorder,disease,anddeath.Themaleelementhasheldhighcarnivalthusfar;ithasfairlyrunriotfromthebeginning,overpoweringthefeminineelementeverywhere,crushingoutallthedivinerqualitiesinhumannature,untilweknowbutlittleoftruemanhoodandwomanhood,ofthelattercomparativelynothing,forithasscarcebeenrecognizedasapoweruntilwithinthelastcentury.Herethatgreatconservatorofwoman'slove,ifpermittedtoassertitself,asitnaturallywouldinfreedomagainstoppression,violence,andwar,wouldholdallthesedestructiveforcesincheck,forwomanknowsthecostoflifebetterthanmandoes,andnotwithherconsentwouldonedropofbloodeverbeshed,onelifesacrificedinvain.第五篇，自然科學(xué)，關(guān)于InternalWavesUnlikeotherlargewaves,theserollers,calledinternalwaves,donotridetheoceansurfaces.Asthesewavesmovetowardland,theybecomesteeper-muchthesamewaywavesatthebeachbecometallerbeforetheyhittheshore-untiltheybreakonacontinentalshelf.新SAT官方指南OG3第一篇小說(shuō),shorlslory,TheSchartz-MetterklumeMethodLadyCarlottasteppedoutontotheplatfbnnofthesmallwaysidestationandtookaturnortwoupanddownitsuninterestinglength,tokilllimetillthetrainshouldbepleasedtoproceedonitsway.Then,intheroadwaybeyond,shesawahorsestrugglingwithamorethanampleload,andacarterofthesortthatseemstobearasullenhatredagainsttheanimalthathelpshimtoearnaliving.Certainofheracquaintanceswerewonttogiveherplentifuladmonitionastotheundesirabilityofinterferingonbehalfofadistressedanimal,suchinterferencebeing“noneofherbusiness.,,Onlyoncehadsheputthedoctrineofnon-interferenceintopractice,whenoneofitsmosteloquentexponentshadbeenbesiegedfornearlythreehoursinasmallandextremelyuncomfortablemay-treebyanangryboar-pig,whileLadyCarlotta,ontheothersideofthefence,hadproceededwiththewater-coloursketchshewasengagedon.andrefusedtointerferebetweentheboarandhisprisoner.Beforeshehadtimetothinkwhathernextmovemightbeshewasconfrontedbyanimposinglyattiredlady,whoseemedtobetakingaprolongedmentalinventoryofherclothesandlooks.DuringthedrivetotheQuabarlmansionLadyCarlottawasimpressivelyintroducedtothenatureofthechargethathadbeenthrustuponher;shelearnedthatClaudeandWilfridweredelicate.sensitiveyoungpeople,thatIrenehadtheartistictemperamenthighlydeveloped,andthatViolawassomethingorotherelseofamouldequallycommonplaceamongchildrenofthatclassandtypeinthetwentiethcentury.Mrs.Quabarl,touseacolloquialexpression,wasknockedoffherperch.Shewasoneofthoseimperfectlyself-assuredindividualswhoaremagnificentandautocraticaslongastheyarenotseriouslyopposed.第二篇社會(huì)科學(xué),Straphanger:SavingOurcitiesandOurselvesfromtheAutomobile,2012Andyetpublictransportation,inmanyminds,istheoppositeofglamour-asqualidlastresortforthosewithonetoomanyimpaireddrivingcharges,toopoortoaffordinsurance,ortoodecrepittogetbehindthewheelofacar.Anybodywhohaswaitedfartoolongonastreetcomerfortheprivilegeofboardingalurching,overcrowdedbus,orwrestledluggageontosubwaysandshuttlestogettoabitcityairport,knowsthattransitonthiscontinenttendstobeunderfunded,ill-maintained,andill-planned.The“Minenials,“whoreachedadulthoodaroundtheturnofthecenturyandnowoutnumberbabyboomers,tendtofavorcitiesoversuburbs,andarefarmorewillingthantheirparentstoridebusesandsubways.TheexperienceofEuropeanandAsiancitiesshowsthatifyoumakebuses,subways,andtrainsconvenient,comfortable,fast,andsafe,asurprisinglylargepercentageofcitizenswillopttorideratherthandrive.第三篇自然科學(xué)，關(guān)于禽類(lèi)的飛行方式KensettledontheChukarPartridgeasamodelspecies,buthemightnothavemadehisdiscoverywithoutakeypieceofadvicefromthelocalrancherinMontanawhowassupplyinghimwithbirds.Thebirdsweredoingtheverysamethingwiththeirwingstohelpthemscrambleupotherwiseimpossibleslopes.Itnotonlyallowedyoungbirdstoclimbverticalsurfaceswithinthefirstfewweeksoflifebutalsogaveadultsanenergy-efficientalternativetoflying.第四篇雙篇，重要演講與文獻(xiàn)，關(guān)于女性主義Thathalfthehumanraceisexcludedbytheotherhalffromanyparticipationingovernment;thattheyarenativebybirthbutforeignbylawintheverylandwheretheywereborn;andthattheyareproperty-ownersyethavenodirectinfluenceorrepresentation:areallpoliticalphenomenaapparentlyimpossibletoexplainonabstractprinciple.Isitnotapparent,thattheirdelicateconstitution,theirpeacefulinclinations,andthemanydutiesofmotherhood,setthemapartfromstrenuoushabitsandonerousduties,andsummonthemtogentleoccupationsandthecaresofthehome?AndisitnotevidentthatthegreatconservingprincipleofSocieties,whichmakesthedivisionofpowersasourceofharmony,hasbeenexpressedandrevealedbynatureitself,whenitdividedthefunctionsofthetwosexesinsoobviouslydistinctamanner?Youmust,youtrulymustallowthepersistenceofaunionthatnointerest,norivalry,canpossiblyundo.Howcanwomanbeexpectedtoco-operateunlesssheknowwhysheoughttobevirtuous?Unlessfreedomstrengthenherreasontillshecomprehendherduty,andseeinwhatmanneritisconnectedwithherrealgood?Iftheabstractrightsofmanwillbeardiscussionandexplanation,thoseofwoman,byaparityofreasoning,willnotshrinkfromthesametest:thoughadifferentopinionprevailsinthiscountry,builtontheveryargumentswhichyouusetojustifytheoppressionofwoman-prescription.第五篇自然科學(xué)1.Without,atleast,intermittentfeedingonthepyrethrumproducingplants,beecoloniesaresusceptibletomiteinfestationswhichcanbecomefataleitherdirectlyorduetoasecondaryinfectionofimmune-compromisedornutritionallydeficientbees.新SAT官方指南第四套OG4第一篇小說(shuō),2011年,美國(guó)本土作家MacDonaldHarris的TheBalloonist(NationalBookAwardsWinnerin1977)ForthefirsttimethereisborneinuponmethefulltruthofwhatImyselfsaidtothedoctoronlyanhourago:thatmymotivesinthisundertakingarenotentirelyclear.Risingslowlyfromtheearththatboremeandgavemesustenance,Iamcarriedhelplesslytowardanuninhabitedandhostile,oratbestindifferent,partoftheearth,litteredwiththebonesofexplorersandthewrecksofships,frozensupplycaches,messagesscrawledwithchilledfingersandhiddenincairnsthatnoeyewilleversee.Itisn'tclearhowthisdoctrineistobeinterpreted,exceptthatthePoleissomethingdifficultorimpossiblebesoughtfor,becausemaniscondemnedtoseekoutandknoweverythingwhetherornottheknowledgegivesthempleasure.第二篇社會(huì)科學(xué)關(guān)于城市人口分布變化1.Butthereisnoreasontobelievethatthedemographictrendsprevailingpriortotheconstructionbustwillnotresumeoncethatbustisover.第三篇社會(huì)科學(xué)EmilyAnthes,Frankenstein'sCat1.Instead,mostresearchersenvisionedfarmoreconsequentialapplications,hopingtocreategeneticallyengineeredanimalsthatsavedhumanlives.第四篇雙篇，重要演講與文獻(xiàn)，關(guān)于民主話(huà)題Toavoid...theevilsofinconstancyandversatility,tenthousandtimesworsethanthoseofobstinacyandtheblindestprejudice,wehaveconsecratedthestate,thatnomanshouldapproachtolookintoitsdefectsorcorruptionsbutwithduecaution;thatheshouldneverdreamofbeginningitsreformationbyitssubversion;thatheshouldapproachtothefaultsofthestateastothewoundsofafather,withpiousaweandtremblingsolicitude.Bythiswiseprejudicewearetaughttolookwithhorroronthosechildrenoftheircountrywhoarepromptrashlytohackthatagedparentinpieces,andputhimintothekettleofmagicians,inhopesthatbytheirpoisonousweeks,andwildincantations,theymayregeneratethepaternalconstitution,andrenovatetheirfather'slife.Subordinatecontractsforobjectsofmereoccasionalinterestmaybedissolvedatpleasure——butthestateoughtnottobeconsideredasnothingbetterthanapartnershipagreementinatradeofpepperandcoffee,calicoortobacco,orsomeothersuchlowconcern,tobetakenupforalittletemporaryinterest,andtobedissolvedbythefancyoftheparties.Themunicipalcorporationsofthatuniversalkingdomarenotmorallyatlibertyattheirpleasure,andontheirspeculationsofacontingentimprovement,whollytoseparateandtearasunderthebandsoftheirsubordinatecommunityandtodissolveitintoanunsocial,uncivil,unconnectedchaosofelementaryprinciples.TheParliamentorthepeopleof1688,orofanyotherperiod,hadnomorerighttodisposeofthepeopleofthepresentday,ortobindortocontroltheminanyshapewhatever,thantheparliamentorthepeopleofthepresentdayhavetodisposeof,bind,orcontrolthosewhoaretoliveahundredorathousandyearshence.Thosewhohavequittedtheworld,andthosewhoarenotyetarrivedatit,areasremotefromeachother,astheutmoststretchofmortalimaginationcanconceive.Whatpossibleobligation,then,canexistbetweenthem;whatruleorprinciplecanbelaiddown,thattwononentities,theoneoutofexistence,andtheothernotin,andwhonevercanmeetinthisworld,thattheoneshouldcontroltheothertotheendoftime?...第五篇自然科學(xué)，神秘的中世紀(jì)火山爆發(fā)的源頭，2013,AmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofScience.In2012,ateamofscientistsledbygeochemistGiffordMillerstrengthenedthelinkbetweenthemysteryeruptionandtheonsetoftheLittleIceAgebyusingradiocarbondatingofdeadplantmaterialfrombeneaththeicecapsonBaffinIslandandIceland,aswellasiceandsedimentcoredate,todeterminethatthecoldsummersandicegrowthbeganabruptlybetween1275and1300C.E.(andbecameintensifiedbetween1430and1455C.E.)ButwhenLavigne'steamexaminedshardsofvolcanicglassfromthisvolcano,theyfoundthattheydidn'tmatchthechemicalcompositionoftheglassfoundinpolaricecores,whereastheSamalasglassisamuchclosermatch.510152025附錄四：新OG拓展閱讀(FurtherReadings)Section1LiteratureRL00001ThispassageisadaptedfromSirArthurConanDoyle,"TheAdventuresofSherlockHolmes,Moriginallypublishedin1892.ItistoldfromthepointofviewofDr.Watson,whoworkscloselywithdetectiveSherlockHolmes.Theportlyclientpuffedouthischestwithanappearanceofsomelittleprideandpulledadirtyandwrinklednewspaperfromtheinsidepocketofhisgreatcoat.Asheglanceddowntheadvertisementcolumn,withhisheadthrustforwardandthepaperflattenedoutuponhisknee,Itookagoodlookatthemanandendeavored,afterthefashionofmycompanion,toreadtheindicationswhichmightbepresentedbyhisdressorappearance.Ididnotgainverymuch,however,bymyinspection.OurvisitorboreeverymarkofbeinganaveragecommonplaceBritishtradesman,obese,pompous,andslow.Heworeratherbaggygreyshepherd'schecktrousers,anotover-cleanblackfrock-coat,unbuttonedinthefront,andadrabwaistcoatwithaheavybrassyAlbertchain,andasquarepiercedbitofmetaldanglingdownasanornament.Afrayedtop-hatandafadedbrownovercoatwithawrinkledvelvetcollarlayuponachairbesidehim.Altogether,lookasIwould,therewasnothingremarkableaboutthemansavehisblazingredhead,andtheexpressionofextremechagrinanddiscontentuponhisfeatures.SherlockHolmes'quickeyetookinmyoccupation,andheshookhisheadwithasmileashenoticedmyquestioningglances.tfcBeyondtheobviousfactsthathehasatsometimedonemanuallabour,thatheisaFreemason,thathehasbeeninChina,andthathehasdoneaconsiderableamountofwritinglately.1candeducenothingelse.^^Mr.JabezWilsonstartedupinhischair,withhis49/17430354045505560forefingeruponthepaper,buthiseyesuponmycompanion.“How,inthenameofgood-fortune,didyouknowallthat,Mr.Holmes?”heasked.fctHowdidyouknow,forexample,thatIdidmanuallabour?It'sastrueasgospel,forIbeganasaship'scarpenter.”“Yourhands,mydearsir.Yourrighthandisquiteasizelargerthanyourleft.Youhaveworkedwithit,andthemusclesarcmoredeveloped.”“Well,then,andtheFreemasonry?”“1won'tinsultyourintelligencebytellingyouhowIreadthat,especiallyas,ratheragainstthestrictrulesofyourorder,youuseanarc-and-compassbreastpin.“Ah,ofcourse,Iforgotthat.Butthewriting?,,“Whatelsecanbeindicatedbythatrightcuffsoveryshinyforfiveinches,andtheleftonewiththesmoothpatchneartheelbowwhereyourestituponthedesk?”“Well,butChinar“ThefishthatyouhavetattooedimmediatelyaboveyourrightwristcouldonlyhavebeendoneinChina.Ihavemadeasmallstudyoftattoomarksandhaveevencontributedtotheliteratureofthesubject.Thattrickofstainingthefishes'scalesofadelicatepinkisquitepeculiartoChina.When,inaddition,IseeaChinesecoinhangingfromyourwatchchain,thematterbecomesevenmoresimple.”Mr.JabezWilsonlaughedheavily.MWell,Inever!Msaidhe.”Ithoughtatfirstthatyouhaddonesomethingclever,butIseethattherewasnothinginitafterall.”“Ibegintothink,Watson/*saidHolmes,“thatImakeamistakeinexplaining."Omnei^notumproma^nifico^youknow,andmypoorlittlereputation,suchasitis,willsuffershipwreckifIamsocandid.Canyounotfindtheadvertisement,Mr.Wilson?”“Yes,IhavegotitnowJheansweredwithhisthickredfingerplantedhalfwaydownthecolumn.44Hereitis.Thisisw