2023新課標(biāo)版英語高考第二輪復(fù)習(xí)-專題十　主旨要義

2023新課標(biāo)版英語高考第二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題十主旨要義Passage1IliveinXizhouinYunnanProvince,ontheAncientTeaHorseRoad.IhavetoadmitthatwhenIfirstheardthatPaulSalopekwasgoingtowalktheentireglobeonhisowntwofeet,Iwasblownaway.Icouldn'timaginethattherecouldbesuchanunusualpersonintheworld.LastMay,ImetPaul.HetoldmethatitwashisfirsttimeinChina.Hetalkedtomewithgreatexcitementaboutthehistory,migrations,anddiscoveriesinmyregionofChina.HespokeoftheSilkRoad,thetravelsofthe17th-centuryChineseexplorerXuXiake,theAncientTeaHorseRoadandtheearly20th-centuryAmericanbotanistJosephRock.HealsotalkedofXuanzang.PaulconsideredmanyofthemheroesandinasenseChinesepioneersofslowjourneys.IdecidedtoaccompanyPaulonhiswalktowardYunnan.OnSeptember28,2021,wesetout.Ourdaysweresimple:walk,eat,sleep,andrepeat.Wewokeupatsunrise,setoffinhighspirits,andrestedatsunset,draggingourselvesintoexhaustedsleep.Wemetmanypeopleontheroad.Somewerecurious,surroundingusandwatchingus;somegaveusdirections;someinvitedusintotheirhometotakearest;somespokeofthecharmoftheirhometown.Wemetmanybeautifulsouls,simplesoulsandwarmsouls.Wewerewalkingwithourminds.Together,wewereimpressedbythebiodiversityoftheGaoligongMountains.AsIwalkedonancientpathsthroughthemountains,Iseemedtohearthevoicesofpasttravelersurgingmetobecarefulontheroad.Lookingbackonthemorethan200milesIwalkedwithPaul,Icametoarealization.Walkingforitsownsakeisonlyasmallpartofthebenefitofmovingwithourfeet.Adeeperrewardisrediscoveringtheworldaroundus,shorteningthedistancebetweeneachother,andsharingeachother'scultures..HowdidthewriterfirstrespondtoPaul'stravelplan?A.Scared. B.Puzzled.C.Disappointed. D.Surprised..WhatcanwelearnaboutPaulSalopekfromparagraph2?A.Hewasawesternjournalist.B.HehadaknowledgeofChina.C.HecametoChinaseveraltimes.D.HewasJosephRock'sacquaintance..Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytellusaboutthewriterandPaul?A.Theyhonoredtheancestors.B.Theysetoffinhighspirits.C.Theysatisfiedthelocals*curiosity.D.Theybuiltbondswithpeople..Whatisthemainpurposeofthewriter'swritingthetext?A.Toshareandreflectonajourney.B.Tosuggestanewwayoftravel.C.Toadvocateprotectionofbiodiversity.D.TointroduceandpromoteChineseculture.答案［語篇解讀］語篇類型:記敘文。主題語境:人與社會。主旨:作者和用雙腳環(huán)游地球的保羅?薩洛佩科在路上的見聞和感悟。.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Iwasblownaway.Icouldn'timaginethattherecouldbesuchanunusualpersonintheworld.”可推知，作者最初對保羅的旅行計劃感到吃驚。.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“aboutthehistory,migrations,anddiscoveries...thetravelsofthe17th-centuryChineseexplorerXuXiake,theAncientTeaHorseRoadandtheearly20th-centuryAmericanbotanistJosephRock...talkedofXuanzang”可知，保羅?薩洛佩科對中國有一定的了解。.D主旨要義題。根據(jù)第四段中“Somewerecurious,surroundingusandwatchingus;somegaveusdirections;someinvitedusintotheirhometotakearest;somespokeofthecharmoftheirhometown.“可知，第四段主要說明了作者和保羅與人們建立了聯(lián)系。.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的描述可推知，文章的目的是分享和思考一段旅程。Passage2Naturehasdevelopedtheemotionalstatewecallangertohelpusstayalive.Angerenergizesustoprepareusforaction.Itcanbeusedeitherinproductivewaysorjusttheopposite.Whenwefeelenergizedbyanger,wemightaskourselveshowweputthisenergytothemostproductiveuse.Perhapsthemosthelpfulthingtorememberaboutangeristhatitisasecondaryemotion.Aprimaryfeelingiswhatisfeltimmediatelybeforewefeelangry.Wemightfirstfeelafraid,attacked,offended,trapped,ordisrespected.Ifanyofthesefeelingsareintenseenough,wethinkoftheemotionasanger.Generallyspeaking,secondaryfeelingsdonotidentifytheunmetemotionalneed.WhenallIcansayis“Ifeelangry”,neitherInoranyoneelseknowswhatwouldhelpmefeelbetter.Ahelpfultechnique,then,istoalwaysidentifytheprimaryemotion.Assumesomeonewantsustodosomethingweprefernottodo.Atfirst,wefeelalittlepressured,butnotenoughtogetangry.Whentheykeeppushingus,webegintogetirritated.Iftheycontinue,wegetangry.Suchangerdamagesrelationships.Ifwefeelangry,itisevidentthatwefeelstronglyaboutsomething.Insteadofsaying"1can'tbelievehowirresponsiblesheis.Whatacold-hearted,evilwitchsheis.”,amoreproductiveresponseis:"AmIreallyupsetbythis?Whydoesitbothermesomuch?WhatspecificallyamIfeeling?,,Fromtheanswers,wecandecidetopickthebestonetocalmtheanger.Assoonaswe“upshift“andbegintothinkaboutouroptionsandtheirconsequences,westarttofeelmoreincontrolandlessthreatened.Wegetoutoftheautomaticstimulus-responsemodeandrealizethatwehavechoices.ThereisaquotefromViktorE.Franklthatgoeslikethis:"Betweenstimulusandresponsethereisaspace.Inthatspace...liesourgrowthandourfreedom.^^l.Whafstheauthor'sattitudetowardsanger?A.Favorable.B.Neutral.C.Doubtful. D.Negative..Whatcanweknowaboutanger?A.Itreflectsone*sintensefeeling.B.Itreferstoaminoremotion.C.Itcanidentifyemotionalneed.D.Itsurelycausesaviolentreaction..WhatdoesParagraph4mainlydealwith?A.Whatquestionsweaskaboutanger.B.Howwerespondtoanger.C.Howwedevelopgrowthandfreedom.D.Whenweconsidertheconsequence..Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Waystoknowaboutanger.B.Reasonstoarouseanger.C.Managingangerinagoodway.D.Calmingangerattherighttime.答案［語篇解讀］語篇類型:說明文。主題語境:人與自我。主旨:什么是憤怒以及如何對待它。1.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Itcanbeusedeitherinproductivewaysorjusttheopposite.“可知，作者認(rèn)為憤怒既可能產(chǎn)生積極影響，也可能會有不好的作用。由此推斷出,作者對憤怒的態(tài)度是客觀中立的。2.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的"Ifanyofthesefeelingsareintenseenough,wethinkoftheemotionasangerJ可知，憤怒反映了一個人非常強(qiáng)烈的情緒。3.B主旨要義題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Insteadofsaying...amoreproductiveresponseis...”可知第四段主要介紹了在我們憤怒時,應(yīng)該怎樣做。4.C主旨要義題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了憤怒是一種非常強(qiáng)烈的情緒，有好的一面也有不好的一面，以及我們應(yīng)該明智地處理我們的憤怒。Passage3Endangeredpolarbearsarebreeding（繁殖）withgrizzlybears（灰熊），creating“pizzly“bears,whichisbeingdrivenbyclimatechange,scientistssay.AstheworldwarmsandArcticseaicethins,starvingpolarbearsarebeingforcedeverfurthersouth,wheretheymeetgrizzlies,whoserangesareexpandingnorthwards.Andwiththatgrowingcontactbetweenthetwocomeincreasinghybrids（雜交種）.Withcharacteristicsthatcouldgivethehybridsanadvantageinwarmingnorthernhabitats,somescientistsguessthattheycouldbeheretostay."Usually,hybridsaren*tbettersuitedtotheirenvironmentsthantheirparents,butthesehybridsareabletosearchforabroaderrangeoffoodsources/'LarisaDeSantis,anassociateprofessorofbiologicalsciencesatVanderbiltUniversity,toldLiveScience.Theriseof“pizzly“bearsappearswithpolarbears*decline:Theirnumbersareestimatedtodecreasebymorethan30%inthenext30years.Thissuddenfallislinkedpartlyto“pizzly”bearstakinguppolarbears1ranges,wheretheyoutcompetethem,butalsotopolarbears'highlyspecializeddiets.“PolarbearsmainlyconsumedsoftfoodsevenduringtheMedievalWarmPeriod,apreviousperiodofrapidwarmingJDeSantissaid,referringtofatmealssuchasseals."Althoughallofthesestarvingpolarbearsaretryingtofindalternativefoodsources,likeseabirdeggs,itcouldbeatippingpointfortheirsurvival.^^Actually,thecaloriestheygainfromthesesourcesdonotbalanceoutthosetheyburnfromsearchingfbrthem.Thiscouldresultinahabitatreadyfbrthehybridstomoveinandtakeover,leadingtoalossinbiodiversityifpolarbearsarereplaced.“WeTehavingmassiveimpactswithclimatechangeonspecies,MDeSantissaid."Thepolarbearistellingushowbadthingsare.Insomesense,'pizzly'bearscouldbeasadbutnecessarycompromisegivencurrentwarmingtrends.”.Whydopolarbearsmovefurthersouth?A.Tocreatehybrids.B.Toexpandterritory.C.Torelievehunger.D.Tocontactgrizzlies..Whatmakes“pizzly"bearsadapttonaturalsurroundingsbetterthantheirparents?A.Broaderhabitats. B.Morefoodoptions.C.Climatepreference.D.Improvedbreedingability..Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“atippingpoint”inparagraph5referto?A.Ararechance.B.Acriticalstage.C.Apositivefactor.D.Aconstantchange..What'sthemainideaofthetext?A.Polarbearsarechangingdietsforclimatechange.B.Polarbearshavealreadyadjustedtoclimatechange.C.”Pizzly“bearsareontherisebecauseofglobalwarming.D."Pizzly“bearshavereplacedpolarbearsfbrglobalwarming.答案［語篇解讀］語篇類型:說明文。主題語境:人與自然。主旨:由于氣候變暖，瀕危北極熊正在與灰熊一起繁殖,創(chuàng)造出“灰北極熊1.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“AstheworldwarmsandArcticseaicethins,starvingpolarbearsarebeingforcedeverfurthersouth,wheretheymeetgrizzlies,whoserangesareexpandingnorthwards.“可知北極熊向南遷移是為了緩解饑餓。2.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“butthesehybridsareabletosearchfbrabroaderrangeoffoodsources"可知更多的食物選擇讓“灰北極熊”比它們的父母更能適應(yīng)自然環(huán)境。3.B推測詞義題。根據(jù)畫線詞后文“Actually,thecaloriestheygainfromthesesourcesdonotbalanceoutthosetheyburnfromsearchingforthem.Thiscouldresultinahabitatreadyforthehybridstomoveinandtakeover,leadingtoalossinbiodiversityifpolarbearsarereplaced.“可知，無法找至U足夠的食物來源，北極熊很可能被“灰北極熊”取代，它們正處于生存的關(guān)鍵點。由此推斷“atippingpoint”相當(dāng)于acriticalstage（一個關(guān)鍵階段）。4.C主旨要義題。通讀全文,尤其是第一段和第五段可知由于全球變暖，“灰北極熊”的數(shù)量正在上升。Passage4OfficerJonathanSmith,30,wascalledtoBondLakenearLewiston,NewYork,afterreceivingreportsofalittledogthathadfallenintothelakeabout50yardsfromtheshore.Inthisheart-in-mouthfootage（鏡頭）capturedbyafellowofficer'sbodycam（隨身攝像頭），thebravepoliceofficerthrewoffsomeequipmentbeforedashingoutontotheicewithoutanycautionforhisownsafety.Theownerhadbeenwalkingthe10-month-olddogaroundthelakeonJanuary5whenKonaspottedadistantflockofgeeselandingonthewaterandrantowardsthem.Horrified,Kona'sownerwatchedasthedogfellintothefreezingwaterattheedgeoftheice.InanemailtoLewistonPoliceDepartmenttheownerwrote:"Althoughsheisastrongswimmer,therewaszerochanceofhergettingbackoutontotheiceandshebegantopanicandtirequickly.^^Thewitnessnearbycalled911rightaway,and15minuteslaterOfficerSmithandtwootherofficersfromthePoliceDepartmentarrived.Withouthesitationorrescueequipmenttheofficerremovedhisuniformandgunbeltandranovertheicetowardstheexhausteddog.Whenhegotcloseenoughtoher,OfficerSmithgrabbedthedogandpulledherfromthewatersoshewasabletorunbackovertheicetoherowner.“KonaandIandeverybodythatlovesherareextremelygratefulfbrhisselflessnessandcourage,theownerwrote.t4Hisprofessionalismandbraveryshouldbeapplauded.Ihavewitnessedcountlessactsofselflessheroism.OfficerSmith'sactionsrankhighinmybook.^^Theownerwasanauthor,whohaswrittenmanybooks.LewistonPoliceDepartmentpostedthebodycamfootagefromtherescueontheirFacebookpage,alongwiththemessagefromKona*sowner.l.WhydidthedogKonaruntothelake?A.TheowneraskedKonatodoit.B.Konawantedtoplayontheice.C.AgunshotfrightenedKonaintodoingit.D.AflockofgeeseexcitedKona*scuriosity..WhatisKona'sowner?A.Arescuer. B.Apoliceman.C.Awriter.D.Aphotographer..WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeOfficerSmith?A.Strongandskilled.B.Braveandselfless.C.Successfulandhopeful.D.Outgoingandgenerous..Whatfsthebesttitleofthetext?A.APolicemanRescuedaDogStrugglinginaFrozenLakeB.LewistonPoliceDepartmentReceivedanUnusualEmailC.AStoryBetweenaDogandGeeseD.TheActofSelfishHeroism答案［語篇解讀］語篇類型:記敘文。主題語境:人與社會。主旨:一名警察不顧自身安危勇敢地救出了一只在冰冷的湖中掙扎的小狗。.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“whenKonaspottedadistantflockofgeeselandingonthewaterandrantowardsthem”可知,Kona之所以跑向湖，是因為那群鵝引起了它的好奇心。.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“Theownerwasanauthor,whohaswrittenmanybooks.”可知,Kona的主人是一名作家。.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中“Hisprofessionalismandbraveryshouldbe即plauded.Ihavewitnessedcountlessactsofselflessheroism.OfficerSmith'sactionsrankhighinmybook.”可推斷出，這名警察是勇敢的、無私的。4.A主旨要義題。本文主要講述了一名警察不顧自身安危勇敢地救出了一只在冰冷的湖中掙扎的小狗的故事。Passage5Norwayjusthitarecordinitsmovetograduallystopusingcarsthatrelyonfossilfuels.Morethan9in1()newcarssoldthereinSeptemberwereeitherelectricorrechargeablehybrids,accordingtotheNorwegianInformationCouncilforRoadTraffic,orOFV.Ofallnewpassengercarssoldsofarin2021,lessthan5%aregas-powered.Aslightlysmallerpercentageusediesel（柴油）.ThesalesnumberspushNorwayclosertomeetingitsnationalgoaloftransitioningtoanentirelyzero-emission（零排放的）fleetofnewcarsby2025——aninitiativethegovernmentbackswithtaxincentives（激勵）.SeveralfactorsaredrivingrecordnumbersofNorwegiandriverstochooseelectricityovergasordieselpower,includingnewtechnologythathaseasedcustomers*anxietyaboutelectricvehicles*range.Butmoneyisamainconcern.Norwayhaslongencouragedpeopletoadoptelectricvehicles-anditdoessobyusingacarrotsolargethatitsessentiallyalsoastick.Electriccarsareexempt（免除）fromthe25%value-addedtax（VAT）,forinstance.TheyYealsoexemptfromenvironmentalpollutiontaxesthatbuyersofgasanddieselvehiclesmustpay."Thepurchasetaxforallnewcarsiscalculatedbyacombinationofweight,CO2andNOxemissions,MtheNorwegianElectricVehicleAssociationsays."Thetaxisprogressive,makingbigcarswithhighemissionsveryexpensive.^^Othersweetenersincludealotofauto-relatedfeesthatarereducedortotallycanceled,fromferryridestoparking.Andcompaniescangetataxbreakforeachelectricvehicle.Overall,Norwayisseeingarapidincreaseinpassengercarsthisyear-morethan35%higherthanin2020.Withelectriccarsalesbooming,thefutureoftheVATexemptionhasbeenthetopsubjectforpoliticaldebatethisyear,aslawmakerslookathowtobolstertaxincomewhilealsosupportingthemoveawayfromfossilfuels..Whatisthemainreasonforelectricvehicles*leadingsalesgrowth?A.TheVATexemption.B.Nomoreauto-relatedfees.C.Fossilfuelshortage.D.Thedevelopmentoftechnology..Howdoestheauthorillustratethecarrotandstickapproachinthe5thparagraph?A.Byanalyzingcauseandeffect.B.Bygivingstatistics.C.Byreferringtopreviousfindings.D.Bymakingacomparison..Whatdoestheunderlinedword“bolster“inthelastparagraphmean?A.Calculate.B.Reduce.C.Receive.D.Increase..Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Tax-freePolicyWorksWellwithCarIndustryinNorwayB.NoMoreGas-poweredCarsAllowedtoBeSoldinNorwayC.9in10CarsSoldinNorwayAreElectricorRechargeableHybridsD.AlmostAllCarsWillGoElectricinNorwayRightAway答案［語篇解讀］語篇類型:說明文。主題語境:人與自然。主旨:挪威政府通過減稅等措施鼓勵新能源汽車銷售。.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Butmoneyisamainconcern.”和第五段第一句中“Electriccarsareexempt（免除）fromthe25%value-addedtax（VAT）”（電動汽車免征25%的增值稅）可知，增值稅的減免是電動汽車銷售額增長的主要原因。.D推理判斷題。第五段指出排放量高的大型汽車交稅多，而電動汽車免交增值稅和環(huán)境污染稅，許多與汽車相關(guān)的費用也被減少或完全取消。所以這是通過對比來說明政府的“胡蘿卜加大棒”政策。.D推測詞義題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，對于立法者們來說，他們想要的是雙贏，即在支持遠(yuǎn)離化石燃料的同時，又能提高稅收。由此推斷畫線單詞“bolste1是“增加”的意思。.C主旨要義題。通讀全文可知，文章重點介紹挪威政府通過稅收傾斜刺激電動汽車的銷售，從而達(dá)到現(xiàn)在銷售的汽車中絕大部分是新能源汽車的狀態(tài)。Passage6Windpowerisapowerfultoolforreducingcarbonemissions（排放）thatcauseclimatechange.Theturbines（渦輪機(jī)）,however,canbeathreattobirds,whichiswhyexpertsarelookingforwaystolimitthedanger.AcompanyinBoulder,Coloradohasproducedacamera-and-AI-basedtechnologythatcanrecognizeeaglesandotherbirdsastheyapproachinenoughtimetomaketurbinespauseintheirflightpath.Theirtool,calledIdentiFlight,candetect5.62timesmorebirdflightsthanhumanobserversalone,andwithanaccuracyrateof94percent.Usinghigh-precisionvisualsensors,thesystemcalculatesabird'sspeedandflighttrack,andifitisonacollision（碰撞）pathwithaturbine,asignalissenttoshutthatturbinedown.WinninganawardforitsperformanceinAustralia,thetrackingsystemwasbuiltin2018andwasfoundtocuteagledeathsattheCattleHillWindFarmbymorethanfour-fifths.Eachday,signalshaveshutdowntheirmovementanaverageof400times—acrossthefieldof48turbines—fortwotothreeminuteseachtime.BirdloveranddirectoroftheNationalAudubonSociety'sCleanEnergyInitiative,GarryGeorge,admits,“Ourownscienceshowsthatclimatechangeisbyfarthebiggestthreattobirdsandtheplaceswildlifeneedstosurvive.IdentiFlightwillmakeitpossibletofighttheworsteffectsofclimatechangeandatthesametimeprotectthebirdsweloveintheprocess.”.WhatcontributetoIdentiFlightdetectingbirds*approaching?A.CamerasandAI.B.Humanobservers.C.Changestoturbines.D.Birds'flyinghabits..WhathappensatawindfarmwithIdentiFlightwhenabirdistoknockintoaturbine?A.Theturbineisstoppedtemporarily.B.Theturbinechangesthebird'strack.C.Theturbinekillstheapproachingbird.D.Theturbineisoutofworkpermanently..WhatisGarryGeorge'sattitudetowardsIdentiFlight?A.Ambiguous.B.Reserved.C.Approving.D.Unconcerned..Whatisthesuitabletitleforthetext?A.AIKeepsTrackofBirdsB.PowerfulToolsSaveNatureC.ClimateChangeLeadstoBirdDeathsD.AIHelpsWindTurbinesProtectBirds答案［語篇解讀］語篇類型:說明文。主題語境:人與自然。主旨IdentiFlight應(yīng)用于安裝有風(fēng)力發(fā)電渦輪設(shè)備的場所，避免鳥類撞上轉(zhuǎn)動的渦輪機(jī)。.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“acamera-and-Al-basedtechnologythatcanrecognizeeaglesandotherbirdsastheyapproachinenoughtimetopauseturbinesintheirflightpath”可知，攝像機(jī)和人工智能的技術(shù)幫助IdentiFlight監(jiān)測到鳥的接近。.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“maketurbinespause”和“asignalissenttoshutthatturbinedown”以及第三段的“Eachday,signalshaveshutdowntheirmovementanaverageof400times”可知,在一個安裝了IdentiFlight的風(fēng)力發(fā)電場，如果鳥即將撞上渦輪機(jī)，渦輪機(jī)會暫時停止工作。.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“IdentiFlightwillmakeitpossibletofighttheworsteffectsofclimatechangeandatthesametimeprotectthebirdsweloveintheprocess.”可知,GarryGeorge對IdentiFlight持有贊成的態(tài)度。.D主旨要義題。通讀全文可知,IdentiFlight幫助風(fēng)力發(fā)電渦輪機(jī)識別鳥的到來，從而暫時停止轉(zhuǎn)動，減少了鳥的死亡。Passage7Africangreyparrotscanlivemorethan50years,memorizedozensofwordsinEnglishand,ifgiventhechance,outperform（月生過）agroupofHarvardstudentsintheclassicshellgame.Griffin,agreyparrot,isthesubjectofarecentstudypublishedonMay6inthejournalScientificReports.ResearcherschallengedGriffintoaworkingmemorytaskwherehehadtolocateacolorfulballhiddenunderaplasticcupafteritwasshuffled（改變位置）aroundatableseveraltimes.Meanwhile,21Harvardstudentsweregiventhesametask—andGriffinmatchedoroutperformedthemin12of14trials.“Thinkaboutit:AgreyparrotoutperformsHarvardundergrads.That'sreallyawesome/9leadstudyauthorHragPailian,apostdoctoralfellowatHarvardsaid."Wehadstudentsconcentratingonengineering,pre-med,andhejustoutperformedthem.”Tobefair,Griffinisnoaverageparrot.Accordingtothestudyauthors,the22-year-oldbird“hasbeenthesubjectofcognitiveandcommunicativestudiessincehisacquisitionfromabreeder（飼養(yǎng)員）at7.5weeksofage.”Griffin'sbird-mom,IrenePepperberg—aHarvardpsychologistandco-authorofthenewpaper—previouslytaughttheparrottoreproducesome30Englishwordsandtocomprehendatleast40,includingthenamesofcolors.Assuch,Griffindidn*tneedanyspecialcoachingtolearntheshellgame-Pepperbergmerelydemonstratedafewsampleroundsforhim,justasshedidforGriffin'shumancompetitors.Theparticipantscompleted120roundsofthegamespreadacross14trials,whichgotprogressivelyharder.Bytheendoftheday,theparticipantshadtokeeptrackoffourdifferent-coloreddetailsunderfourcups,whichwereshuffledfourtimes.Griffinwasabletofindthetargetballwithhigheraccuracythanthestudentsinall14trials.Theparrot*sperformancesuggeststhatitsmemorizingabilitymayhaveevolved（進(jìn)化）fromacommonancestormillionsofyearsago..Whatisthepurposeoftheresearch?A.TosetthetasktotheHarvardstudents.B.TotestthememorizingabilityofGriffin.C.Tolocateacolorfulballhiddenunderthecup.D.Toshufflethecupsaroundatableseveraltimes..HowdidHragPailianfeelabouttheoutcomeoftheshellgame?A.Puzzled. B.Satisfied.C.Impressed. D.Disappointed..WhycouldGriffinoutperformthestudents?A.Itwasacquiredfromabreeder.B.Ithadreceivedrelevanttraining.C.Ithadgrasped30Englishwords.D.Itwasshowedmoresamplerounds..Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.AfricangreyparrotsevolvefastB.AfricangreyparrotslivelongerC.AparrotfightsforgoodmemoryD.AparrotbeatsHarvardstudents答案［語篇解讀］語篇類型:說明文。主題語境:人與自然。主旨:研究人員對非洲灰鸚鵡Griffin的記憶力所做的研究。.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段中“ResearcherschallengedGriffintoaworkingmemorytask”可知,這個實驗主要是為了檢驗這只鸚鵡的記憶力水平。.C推理判斷題。由文章第三段中“awesome”和“outperfbrmed”可推知，研究人員對研究結(jié)果印象深亥人.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第五段中“previouslytaughttheparrottoreproducesome30Englishwordsandtocomprehendatleast40,includingthenamesofcolors”可知,Griffin比學(xué)生表現(xiàn)更好是因為它接受了有關(guān)的訓(xùn)練。.D主旨要義題。根據(jù)第一段“Africangreyparrotscanlivemorethan50years,memorizedozensofwordsinEnglishand,ifgiventhechance,outperformagroupofHarvardstudentsintheclassicshellgame.”及下文可知短文的最佳標(biāo)題為“一只鸚鵡打敗了哈佛學(xué)生工Passage8ThecompanySpaceXhasalreadylaunchedhundredsofitsStarlinksatellites,withplanstoputasmanyas42,000oftheminEarthorbit.Itsgoalistoprovidehigh-speedInternettobillionsofpeople.Movingtowardthatkindofaccessisimportant,butitcomesatacost.Glitteringwithreflectedsunlight,thesefirstorbiters,sentupinthepastyear,arebrighterthan99percentofthe5,000orsoothersatellitesnowcirclingEarth,andobviouslytherearegoingtobealotmore.Thissuddenincreaseisbadforastronomy:TheprobabilityofaStarlinksatellitecrossingatelescope'sfieldofviewandruininganobservationwillbequitehighnearsunset.Forthatreason,myfellowastronomershavesignedapetition（請愿書）callingforgovernmentstoprotectthenightskyfromthisinvasion.Inresponsetoprotests,SpaceXhaspromisedtoaddressthevisibilityproblemby,forexample,applyingexperimentalcoatings—essentiallypaintingthesatellitesblack-butthecompany*saggressivelaunchscheduleremainsunchanged.Andthesatellites'illuminated（被照亮）surfacesaremostlytheirsolarpanels-exactlythepartthatcannotbepaintedover.Unfortunately,atpresentnoregulationsgovernhowbrightasinglesatellitecanbe,letalonethousandsofthemtogether.Eveniftherearesuchregulations,onenation'slawscannothinder（阻礙）anothercountry'slaunches.Spaceliterallyhasnoborders,andtheskywillneedtobeprotectedataninternationallevel.Asaconsequence,wehopethattheUnitedNationswillfindawaytothinkoutsideoftheboxtosavetheskyforeveryone.WhenIwasgrowingupinMontana,itwasagametobethefirsttofindamovingsatelliteamongthehostofstarsinthenightsky.Soonitcouldbeagametorecognizetheconstellations（星座）behindaswarmofmovingpointsoflight..Whatisthewriter'sattitudetowardSpaceX'slaunchplans?A.Indifferent.B.Doubtful.C.Optimistic.D.Disapproving..Whyhavetheauthor'sfellowastronomerssignedthepetition?A.SpaceXplanstosendtoomanyStarlinksatellitesintospace.B.TheStarlinksatelliteswillpossiblyruinanobservationnearsunset.C.ThefirstorbitersarebrighterthanmostofothersatellitescirclingEarth.D.SpaceXfailstoprovidehigh-speedInternettopeoplearoundtheworld..Accordingtotheauthor,whoshouldshouldertheresponsibilitytosavethesky?A.TheUnitedStates.B.TheUnitedNations.C.ThecompanySpaceX.D.Justonenation..Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.PreservetheNightSkyB.BanStarlinkSatellitesC.ObservetheStarsAttentively□.ProtestAgainstSpaceX答案［語篇解讀］語篇類型:說明文。主題語境:人與自然。主旨:作者希望聯(lián)合國可以找到一種方式來減少衛(wèi)星的影響，保護(hù)天空。1.D推理判斷題。由文章第一段中“Thissuddenincreaseisbadforastronomy”以及"myfellowastronomershavesignedapetitioncallingforgovernmentstoprotectthenightskyfromthisinvasion”可以看出作者是反對SpaceX公司的發(fā)射計劃的。2.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“TheprobabilityofaStarlinksatellitecrossingatelescope'sfieldofviewandruininganobservationwillbequitehighnearsunset”可知，這些人造衛(wèi)星可能會毀了日落時的天文觀察。3.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Asaconsequence,wehopethattheUnitedNationswillfindawaytothinkoutsideoftheboxtosavetheskyforeveryone.”可知，作者覺得聯(lián)合國應(yīng)該肩負(fù)起拯救天空的責(zé)任。4.A主旨要義題。根據(jù)全文的敘述,作者側(cè)重于保護(hù)夜空免受衛(wèi)星的光污染。Passage9Ineededtogetsomemoneyso,afterChristmas,ItookajobintheclothesdepartmentatGraham'sforthefirstfortnightoftheJanuarysales.Ican'tsaythatIenjoyedit,butitwasanexperienceI'llneverforget.Icouldneverunderstandwhythereweresomanythingsinthesales;wheredidtheyallcomefrom?NowIknowthesecret!Firstly,thereisthespecialwinterstock（存貨）andthestockthatpeoplebuyalltheyearround;someofthesethingsareslightlyreduced.Secondly,therearethesummerclothestheycouldn'tselllastyear;theseareheavilyreducedtoclearthem.Thirdly,therearecheapclothesboughtinspeciallyforthesales;theseareputoutathighpricestendaysbeforethesalesbeginandthenarereducedby60%inthesales.Clever!Lastly,theybuyin“seconds”（clothesnotinperfectcondition）forthesalesandtheyaresoldverycheaply.WhenIarrivedhalfanhourbeforeopeningonthefirstdayofthesales,therewasalreadyaqueuearoundthreesidesofthebuilding.Thismademeverynervous.Whenthebigmomentarrivedtoopenthedoors,thesecurityguards,lookinglessconfidentthanusual,cameuptothem,keysinhand.Themomenttheyhadunlockedthedoors,theyhidbehindthedoorsforprotectionasthenoisycrowdchargedin.Icouldn'tbelievemyeyes.Thiswasn'tshopping;itwasabattlefield!Onepoorladycouldn'tkeepherfeetandwasknockedoverbypeoplepushingfrombehind.Clotheswereflyinginalldirectionsaspeoplesearchedforthesizes,coloursandstylestheywanted.Quarrelsbrokeout.Motherswereusingtheirsmallchildrentocrawl（爬行）throughpeople'slegsandgetholdofthingstheycouldn'tgetnearthemselves.WithinminutesIhadhalfadozenpeoplepushingclothesundermynose,eachwantingtobethefirstserved.WherehadthefamousEnglishqueuegone?Thewholedaycontinuedlikethat,butIkeptmytemper（脾氣）！Iwastakingmoneyhandoverfistandbegantorealizewhy,twiceayear,Graham*swerehappytoturntheirexpensivestoreintoabattlefieldlikethis.Inthesalefever,peoplewerespendingmoneylikewaterwithoutthinkingwhethertheyneededwhattheywerebuying.Aslongasitwasabargain