山東大學(xué)操作系統(tǒng)實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告4進(jìn)程同步實(shí)驗(yàn)

計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告實(shí)驗(yàn)題目：實(shí)驗(yàn)四、進(jìn)程同步實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)號(hào)：日期：20120409班級(jí)：計(jì)基地12姓名：實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康模杭由顚?duì)并發(fā)協(xié)作進(jìn)程同步與互斥概念的理解，觀察和體驗(yàn)并發(fā)進(jìn)程同步與互斥操作的效果，分析與研究經(jīng)典進(jìn)程同步與互斥問(wèn)題的實(shí)際解決方案。了解Linux系統(tǒng)中IPC進(jìn)程同步工具的用法，練習(xí)并發(fā)協(xié)作進(jìn)程的同步與互斥操作的編程與調(diào)試技術(shù)。實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容：抽煙者問(wèn)題。假設(shè)一個(gè)系統(tǒng)中有三個(gè)抽煙者進(jìn)程，每個(gè)抽煙者不斷地卷煙并抽煙。抽煙者卷起并抽掉一顆煙需要有三種材料：煙草、紙和膠水。一個(gè)抽煙者有煙草，一個(gè)有紙，另一個(gè)有膠水。系統(tǒng)中還有兩個(gè)供應(yīng)者進(jìn)程，它們無(wú)限地供應(yīng)所有三種材料，但每次僅輪流提供三種材料中的兩種。得到缺失的兩種材料的抽煙者在卷起并抽掉一顆煙后會(huì)發(fā)信號(hào)通知供應(yīng)者，讓它繼續(xù)提供另外的兩種材料。這一過(guò)程重復(fù)進(jìn)行。請(qǐng)用以上介紹的IPC同步機(jī)制編程，實(shí)現(xiàn)該問(wèn)題要求的功能。硬件環(huán)境：處理器：Intel?Core?X4圖形：Intel?SandybridgeMobilex86/MMX/SSE2內(nèi)存：4G操作系統(tǒng)：32位磁盤(pán)：20.1GB軟件環(huán)境：ubuntu13.04實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟：新建定義了producer和consumer共用的IPC函數(shù)原型和變量的ipc.h文件。新建ipc.c文件，編寫(xiě)producer和consumer共用的IPC的具體相應(yīng)函數(shù)。新建Producer文件，首先定義producer的一些行為，利用系統(tǒng)調(diào)用，建立共享內(nèi)存區(qū)域，設(shè)定其長(zhǎng)度并獲取共享內(nèi)存的首地址。然后設(shè)定生產(chǎn)者互斥與同步的信號(hào)燈，并為他們?cè)O(shè)置相應(yīng)的初值。當(dāng)有生產(chǎn)者進(jìn)程在運(yùn)行而其他生產(chǎn)者請(qǐng)求時(shí)，相應(yīng)的信號(hào)燈就會(huì)阻止他，當(dāng)共享內(nèi)存區(qū)域已滿(mǎn)時(shí)，信號(hào)等也會(huì)提示生產(chǎn)者不能再往共享內(nèi)存中放入內(nèi)容。新建Consumer文件，定義consumer的一些行為，利用系統(tǒng)調(diào)用來(lái)創(chuàng)建共享內(nèi)存區(qū)域，并設(shè)定他的長(zhǎng)度并獲取共享內(nèi)存的首地址。然后設(shè)定消費(fèi)者互斥與同步的信號(hào)燈，并為他們?cè)O(shè)置相應(yīng)的初值。當(dāng)有消費(fèi)進(jìn)程在運(yùn)行而其他消費(fèi)者請(qǐng)求時(shí)，相應(yīng)的信號(hào)燈就會(huì)阻止它，當(dāng)共享內(nèi)存區(qū)域已空時(shí)，信號(hào)等也會(huì)提示生產(chǎn)者不能再?gòu)墓蚕韮?nèi)存中取出相應(yīng)的內(nèi)容。運(yùn)行的消費(fèi)者應(yīng)該與相應(yīng)的生產(chǎn)者對(duì)應(yīng)起來(lái)，只有這樣運(yùn)行結(jié)果才會(huì)正確。結(jié)論分析與體會(huì)：實(shí)現(xiàn)方式：Consumer:#include"ipc.h"intmain(intargc,char*argv[]){intrate=3;intconsumerid二atoi(argv[1]);buff_h=101;buff_number=1;cget_h=103;cget_number=1;shm_flg=IPC_CREAT|0644;buff_ptr=(char*)set_shm(buff_h,buff_number,shm_flg);cget_ptr=(int*)set_shm(cget_h,cget_number,shm_flg);prod_h=201;pmtx_h=202;cons_h=301;cmtx_h=302;sem_flg=IPC_CREAT|0644;sem_val=buff_number;prod_sem=set_sem(prod_h,sem_val,sem_flg);sem_val=0;cons_sem=set_sem(cons_h,sem_val,sem_flg);sem_val=1;cmtx_sem=set_sem(cmtx_h,sem_val,sem_flg);if(consumerid==0)*cget_ptr=0;while(1){if(buff_ptr[0]-'A'=consumerid){down(cons_sem);down(cmtx_sem);sleep(rate);if(buff_ptr[0]='A'){printf("%dTheconsumerhasglue.\nTheconsumergetstobaccoandpaper\n",getpid());}if(buff_ptr[0]='B'){printf("%dTheconsumerhaspaper.\nTheconsumergetstobaccoandglue\n",getpid());}if(buff_ptr[0]='C'){printf("%dTheconsumerhastobacco.\nTheconsumergetsglueandpaper\n",getpid());}*cget_ptr=(*cget_ptr+1);if(*cget_ptr%2==0)buff_ptr[0]='D';elsebuff_ptr[0]='E';up(cmtx_sem);up(prod_sem);}}returnEXIT_SUCCESS;}Producer:#include"ipc.h"intmain(intargc,char*argv[]){intrate=3;intproducerid二atoi(argv[1]);buff_h=101;buff_number=1;pput_h=102;pput_number=1;shm_flg=IPC_CREAT|0644;buff_ptr=(char*)set_shm(buff_h,buff_number,shm_flg);pput_ptr=(int*)set_shm(pput_h,pput_number,shm_flg);prod_h=201;pmtx_h=202;cons_h=301;cmtx_h=302;sem_flg=IPC_CREAT|0644;sem_val=buff_number;prod_sem=set_sem(prod_h,sem_val,sem_flg);sem_val=0;cons_sem=set_sem(cons_h,sem_val,sem_flg);sem_val=1;pmtxsem=setsem(pmtxh,semval,semflg);if(producerid==0){buff_ptr[0]='D';*pput_ptr=0;}while(1){if(buff_ptr[0]-'D'=producerid){down(prod_sem);down(pmtx_sem);*pput_ptr=(*pput_ptr+1)%3;if(*pput_ptr==0){buff_ptr[0]='A';printf("%dTheproducergivestobaccoandpaper\n",getpid());}if(*pput_ptr==1){buff_ptr[0]=printf("%d'B';Theproducergivestobaccoandglue\n",getpid());}if(*pput_ptr==2){buff_ptr[0]='C';printf("%dTheproducergivesglueandpaper\n",getpid());}sleep(rate);up(pmtx_sem);up(cons_sem);}}returnEXIT_SUCCESS;}Ipc.h：#include"ipc.h"intget_ipc_id(char*proc_file,h_th){FILE*pf;intm,n;charline[BUFSZ],colum[BUFSZ];if((pf=fopen(proc_file,"r"))=NULL){perror("Procfilenotopen");exit(EXIT_FAILURE);}fgets(line,BUFSZ,pf);while(!feof(pf)){m=n=0;fgets(line,BUFSZ,pf);while(line[m]='')m++;while(line[m]!='')colum[n++]=line[m++];colum[n]='\0';if(atoi(colum)!=h)continue;n=0;while(line[m]='')m++;while(line[m]!='')colum[n++]=line[m++];colum[n]='\0';m=atoi(colum);fclose(pf);returnm;}fclose(pf);return-1;}intdown(intsem_id){structsembufbuf;buf.sem_op=-1;buf.sem_number=0;buf.sem_flg=SEM_UNDO;if((semop(sem_id,&buf,1))<0){perror("downerror");exit(EXIT_FAILURE);}returnEXIT_SUCCESS;}intup(intsem_id){structsembufbuf;buf.sem_op=1;buf.sem_number=0;buf.sem_flg=SEM_UNDO;if((semop(sem_id,&buf,1))<0){perror("uperror");exit(EXIT_FAILURE);returnEXIT_SUCCESS;}intset_sem(h_tsem_h,intsem_val,intsem_flg){intsem_id;Sem_unssem_arg;if((sem_id=get_ipc_id("/proc/sysvipc/sem",sem_h))<0){if((sem_id=semget(sem_h,1,sem_flg))<0){perror("semaphorecreateerror");exit(EXIT_FAILURE);}sem_arg.val=sem_val;if(semctl(sem_id,0,SETVAL,sem_arg)<0){perror("semaphoreseterror");exit(EXIT_FAILURE);}}returnsem_id;}char*set_shm(h_tshm_h,intshm_number,intshm_flg){intm,shm_id;char*shm_buf;if((shm_id=get_ipc_id("/proc/sysvipc/shm",shm_h))<0){if((shm_id=shmget(shm_h,shm_number,shm_flg))<0){perror("shareMemoryseterror");exit(EXIT_FAILURE);}if((shm_buf=(char*)shmat(shm_id,0,0))<(char*)0){perror("getshareMemoryerror");exit(EXIT_FAILURE);}for(m=0;m<shm_number;m++)shm_buf[m]=0;}—if((shm_buf=(char*)shmat(shm_id,0,0))<(char*)0){perror("getshareMemoryerror");exit(EXIT_FAILURE);}returnshm_buf;}intsetmsq(htmsqh,intmsqflg){

intmsq_id;if((msq_id=get_ipc_id("/proc/sysvipc/msg",msq_h))<0){if((msq_id=msgget(msq_h,msq_flg))<0){perror("messageQueueseterror");exit(EXIT_FAILURE);}}returnmsq_id;}實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果:ITkunikun-LcnovoideaPad-Y471A:-/lab4likunglikun-Lenovo-IdedPdd-Y471A:~Scdldb43320The33ZOThe3329The3329The33ZBThe33zaTheThe33ZOThesszaThe3328The3320The33zaThe3328The33源The33zaThe3328Theproducerprodu匚如producerproducerproduce「producerproducerproducerproducerproducerproducerproducerproducerproducerproducerproducerItkungltkun-Lenovo-ldeaPad-V471A：~/lab4$./prodjcer0givestobaccoandgluegivesglueandpapergtvestobaccoandgluegivestobaccoandpapergtve53320The33ZOThe3329The3329The33ZBThe33zaTheThe33ZOThesszaThe3328The3320The33zaThe3328The33源The33zaThe3328Theproducerprodu匚如producerproducerproduce「producerproducerproducerproducerproducerproducerproducerproducerproducerproducerproducer?土0Ukun@>lflcun-Lcnovo-ldeaPad-Y471A:?/laMlikunSlikun-Lenovo-ldedPdd-Y471A:~$cdlab4ttkungltkun-Lenovo-ldeaPdd-Y471A：~/lab4$./consjmer1331BTheconsumerhaspaper*TheconsuriErgets3319TheconsumerTheconsumergets3318TheconsumerTheconsumergets3318TheconsumerTheconsumergets331STheconsumerTheconsumergets3318TheconsumerTheconsumergets3318Theconsumer?土0Ukun@>lflcun-Lcnovo-ldeaPad-Y471A:?/laMlikunSlikun-Lenovo-ldedPdd-Y471A:~$cdlab4ttkungltkun-Lenovo-ldeaPdd-Y471A：~/lab4$./consjmer1331BTheconsumerhaspaper*tobaccoandgluehaspaper-tobaccoandgluehaspaper-tobaccoendgluehaspaper.tobaccoandgluehaspaper-tobaccoandgluehaspaper-tobaccoandgluehaspaper.tobaccoandgluehaspaper-tobaccoandgluehaspaper.tobaccoandgluehaspaper.tobaccoandglue?*Ukun@>Hlcun-Lenovo-IdeaPad-Y471A:?/laMlikunOlikun-Lenovo-ldedPad-Y471A:~Scdlab4ttkungltkun-Lenovo-ldeaPdd-Y471A：~/lab45./consumer23319Theconsumerhastobacco.Theconsumergetsglueandpaper3319Theconsumerhastobacco.Theconsumergetsglueandpaper3319TheconsumerhastobaccotTheconsumergetsgtueandpaper3319Theconsumerhastobacco.Theconsumergetsglueandpaper3319Theconsumerhastobacco.Theconsumergetsglueandpaper3319Theconsumerhastobacco.Theconsumergetsglueandpaper3319TheconsumerhastobaccofTheconsumergetsglueandpaper3319TheconsumerhastotiaccoLTheconsumergetsglueandpaper3319Theconsumerhastobacco.Theconsumergetsglueandpaper2S19Theconsumerhastobacco.Theconsumergetsglueandpaper3319Theconsumerhastobacco.TheconsumergetsgLueandpaper分析：多進(jìn)程的系統(tǒng)中避免不了進(jìn)程間的相互關(guān)系。進(jìn)程互斥是進(jìn)程之間發(fā)生的一種間接性作用，一般是程序不希望的。通常的情況是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的進(jìn)程需要同時(shí)訪問(wèn)某個(gè)共享變量。我們一般將發(fā)生能夠問(wèn)共享變量的程序段稱(chēng)為臨界區(qū)。兩個(gè)進(jìn)程不能同時(shí)進(jìn)入臨界區(qū)，否則就會(huì)導(dǎo)致數(shù)據(jù)的不一致，產(chǎn)生與時(shí)間有關(guān)的錯(cuò)誤。解決互斥問(wèn)題應(yīng)該滿(mǎn)足互斥和公平兩個(gè)原則，即任意時(shí)刻只能允許一個(gè)進(jìn)程處于同一共享變量的臨界區(qū)，而且不能讓任一進(jìn)程無(wú)限期地等待。進(jìn)程同步是進(jìn)程之間直接的相互作用，是合作進(jìn)程間有意識(shí)的行為，典型的例子是公共汽車(chē)上司機(jī)與售票員的合作。只有當(dāng)售票員關(guān)門(mén)之后司機(jī)才能啟動(dòng)車(chē)輛，只有司機(jī)停車(chē)之后售票員才能開(kāi)車(chē)門(mén)。司機(jī)和售票員的行動(dòng)需要一定的協(xié)調(diào)。同樣地，兩個(gè)進(jìn)程之間有時(shí)也有這樣的依賴(lài)關(guān)系，因此我們也要有一定的同步機(jī)制保證它們的執(zhí)行次序。信號(hào)量機(jī)制就是其中的一種。信號(hào)燈機(jī)制即利用pv操作來(lái)對(duì)信號(hào)量進(jìn)行處理。PV操作由P操作原語(yǔ)和V操作原語(yǔ)組成（原語(yǔ)是不可中斷的過(guò)程），對(duì)信號(hào)量進(jìn)行操作，具體定義如下：P（S）：①將信號(hào)量S的值減1，即S=S-