2021年大學(xué)英語六級動詞語法精要

20XX年大學(xué)英語六級動詞語法精要1）現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)（have/hasbeen+-ing分詞構(gòu)成）:動作或狀態(tài)從過去某時開始,繼續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,可能繼續(xù)下去,也可能剛剛結(jié)束.I’vebeenwritinglettersforanhour.I’vebeensittinginthegarden.2）過去完成進行時（由hadbeen+ing分詞構(gòu)成）:過去某個時刻以前一直在進行的動作I’dbeenworkingforsometimewhenhecalled.Wehadbeenwaitingforherfortwohoursbythetimeshecame.3）將來完成進行時:將來某個時刻以前一直在進行的動作.Bynextsummer,hewillhavebeenworkingherefortwentyyears.Inanothermonth’stimeshe’llhavebeenstudyinghereforthreeyears.4）將來完成時（由shall/willhave+過去分詞構(gòu)成）:將來某時會業(yè)已發(fā)生的事.Ishallhavefinishedthisonebeforelunch.They’llhavehittheyear’stargetbytheendofO.ctober語態(tài)可以有兩種被動結(jié)構(gòu)的類型,例如:Hewassaidtobejealousofhersuccess.Itwassaidthathewasjealousofhersuccess.能同時適用于上述兩個句型的主動詞通常都是表示“估計”相信,“”等意義的動詞,常見的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.Itissupposedthattheshiphasbeensunk.Theshipissupposedtohavebeensunk.擔(dān)當(dāng)besupposedto與不定式的一般形式搭配時往往表示不同的意義.例如:Whyareyoudrivingsofastinthisarea?Youaresupposedtoknowthespeedtoknowthespeedlimit.（你應(yīng)該曉得速度限制）雙賓語及賓補結(jié)構(gòu)的被動語態(tài)雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)的被動語態(tài):雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,可以把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z,另一個賓語仍然保留在謂語后面,但多數(shù)是把間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z.Hewasaskedanumberofquestionsatthepressconference.Twodayswereallowedthemformakingthenecessarypreparations.賓補結(jié)構(gòu)的被動語態(tài)ShewascalledBigSisterbyeverybody.Thenhewasmadeasquadleader.Hewasconsideredquitequalifiedforthejob.Theroomwasalwayskeptcleanandtidy.短語動詞Vi+advTheplanetookofftwohourslate.Vi+prepTheylookedroundtheCathedral.Vi+prep（有被動語態(tài)）She’slookingafterhersister’schildren.Thechildrenwerealwayswelllookedafter.Vi+adv+prepIbegantolookforwardtotheirvisits.Vt+O+advSomewomenchoosetostayathomeandbringuptheirchildren.Thechildrenwerebroughtupbytheirmother.Theytookhimon.Vt+adv+O（無被動語態(tài)）Iamtryingtogiveupsmoking.Vt+O+prepWetalkedDonaldintoagreement.省略在以as,than,when,if,unless等引導(dǎo)的從句中的省略:在有些狀語從句中，如果謂語包含有動詞be,主語又和主句的主語一致a）,或者主語是itb）,就常常可以把從句中的主語和謂語的一部分（特別是動詞be）省略掉.Lookoutforcarswhencrossingthestreet.Whentakenaccordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffects.Whiletherehejoinedinvoluntarylabouronaproject.Althoughnotyetsixmonthsold,shewasabletowalkwithoutsupport.Ifnotwellmanaged,irrigationcanbeharmful.Thoughreducedinnumbers,theygainedinfightingcapacity.Thisviewpoint,howeverunderstandable,iswrong.Enemies,oncediscovered,weretightlyencircledandcompletelywipedout.Shehurriedlylefttheroomasthough/ifangry.Sheworkedextremelyhardthoughstillratherpoorinhealth.Fillintheapplicationasinstructed.Wheneverknown,suchfactsshouldbereported.Thedocumentswillbereturnedassoonassigned.Hesaidthatnoacrobatcouldeverperformthosedaringfeatsunlesstrainedveryyoung.Oncehavingmadeapromise,youshouldkeepit.IfnecessaryI’llhavetheletterduplicated.Fillintheblankswitharticleswhere(ver)necessary.Ifpossible,Ishouldliketohavetwocopiesofit.Asscheduled,theymetonJanuary20attheChineseEmbassy.在以thana)或asb)引起的從句中,常會有一些成分省略Hetoldmenottousemorematerialthan(itis)necessary.Weshouldthinkmoreofthecollectivethanofourselves.Theyworkedwithasmuchenthusiasmasyoungpeople(did).Heisnowavice-manager,butstilloftenworksinthekitchenasbefore.Theirtrainingisfree,asisalleducation.Wewill,asalways,standonyourside.錯誤的省略HislifeisasfullycommittedtobooksasanyoneIknow.Whilestandingthereinhernightgown,twobulletsstruckthewallbesideher.一致如果主語是單數(shù),盡管后面跟有with,togetherwith,aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,morethan等引導(dǎo)的短語,謂語動詞仍舊用單數(shù)形式.Terry,alongwithherfriend,goesskatingeverySaturday.Anexpert,togetherwithsomeassistants,wassenttohelpinthiswork.Thecaptain,aswellasthecoaches,wasdisappointedintheteam.代詞作主語時的一致each,either,neither和由some,any,no,every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞,都作單數(shù)看待.Eachofushassomethingtosay.Iseverybodyready?Somebodyisusingthephone.Neitherofushasgonethroughregulartraining.Haseitherofthemtoldyou?some,few,both,many等作復(fù)數(shù)some可后接復(fù)數(shù),也可接單數(shù),表示某一.none作復(fù)數(shù)看待時較多,但也有時作單數(shù)看待,主要看說話人腦中聯(lián)系想到的是復(fù)數(shù)還是單數(shù)概念,但none在代表不可數(shù)的東西時總是看作單數(shù):NoneofthebooksareeasyenoughforusNoneofusseemtohavethoughtofit.None(=notasingleone)ofushasgotacamera.None(=nobody)hasfeltitmorekeenlythanshedid.Noneofthisworriesme.all和most可后接復(fù)數(shù)也可接不可數(shù)名詞(allofthe…，mostofthe…)動詞用單數(shù).由and或both…and連接名詞詞組時,后用復(fù)數(shù)；由notonly-but(also),either-or,neither或??ono連接的并列主語,謂語通常和最鄰近的主語一致.Notonlytheswitchesbutalsotheoldwritinghasbeenchanged.Mysisterormybrotherislikelytobeathome.EitheryouorMrYangistodothework.NeithermywifenorImyselfamabletopersuademydaughtertochangehermind.如果一個句子是由there或here引導(dǎo),而主語又不止一個,謂語通常也和最鄰近的那個主語一致.Therewascarvedintheboardadragonandaphoenix.Hereisapen,afewenvelopesandsomepaperforyou.people,police,cattle,poultry（家禽）,militia（民兵）等通常都用作復(fù)數(shù)Cattlearegrazingonthepasture.Thepolicearelookingforhim.有些集體名詞有時作單數(shù)看待,有時作復(fù)數(shù)看待,主要根據(jù)意思來決士定.Hisfamilyisn’tverylarge.Hisfamilyareallmusiclovers.Thecommitteemeetstwiceamonth.Thecommitteearedividedinopinion.Theaudiencewasenormous.Theaudienceweregreatlymovedatthewords.有些名詞單復(fù)數(shù)同形,可根據(jù)意思決定謂語動詞的數(shù):Thisnewseriesisbeginningnextmonth.Thesenewseriesarebeginningnextmonth.Thisspeciesisnowextinct.Thesespeciesarenowextinct.表示時間,重量,長度,價值等的名詞,盡管仍是復(fù)數(shù)形式,如果作整體看待,動詞也可用單數(shù)形式（當(dāng)然用復(fù)數(shù)動詞也是可以的）:Threeweekswasallowedformakingthenecessarypreparations.Onehundredliwascoveredinasinglenight.其他問題書名,國家名用單數(shù):TalesfromShakespear