2021-2022學(xué)年安徽省滁州市定遠縣某中學(xué)高一（下）期末英語試卷（附答案詳解）

202L2022學(xué)年安徽省滁州市定遠縣民族中學(xué)高一（下）

期末英語試卷AThe2022WinterOlympics,alsoknownasBeijing2022?isscheduledtotakeplacefromFebruary4toFebruary20,2022,whichisintheChineseNewYearperiod.Beijing,thefirstcitytohostboththesummerandwinterOlympics,ispartneringwithZangjiakoutohostthewintergames.DatesFebruary2-3：preliminarycompetitionsforicehockey,curling,andfreestyleskiingFebruary4：OpeningCeremonyFebruary4-20：events,competitions,andfinalsFebruary20：ClosingCeremonyEventsAtotalof109eventsaresettotakeplaceintheBeijing2022WinterOlympics.Sevenneweventshavebeenadded,includingskijumpingmixedteam,snowboardcrossmixedteamandshorttrackspeedskatingteamrelay.Forthefirsttime,afemaleathletespercentageofover45.44%toattendthewintergameshasbeenreached,makingBeijing2022probablythemostgender-balancedWinterOlympicstodate.TicketsOnSept.30,theInternationalOlympicCommitteeannouncedthatticketswillbesoldexclusively（專門地）tothoselivinginChina'smainland.Ticketbookinghasn'tyetstarted.AccordingtothereportsenttoIOC?therewouldbethreetypesoftickets,ticketsfortheopeningceremony,ticketsforeventscompetitions,andticketsfortheclosingceremony,costingfrom50to4,882CNYperticket.Thehighestticketpricesarefortheopeningandclosingceremonies,from732to4,882CNY.Ticketsforpopulareventsareabout149to1,464CNY,andticketsforgeneraleventsarearound50to490CNY.Whatisspecialabout2022WinterOlympics?Morefemaleeventshavebeenadded.Itwilllastforover20daysintwocities.ItwillbeheldduringtheSpringFestival.Thenumberoffemaleathleteshasincreased.Whatcanweknowaboutthetickets?Theyarenotonsalenow.Therearefourkindsofthem.Anysportslovercangetthem.Theyaremoreexpensivethanbefore.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Toexplain.B.Toadvertise.C.Toeducate.D.Tointroduce.BIspentthefirst20yearsofmylifestressingaboutwhatotherpeoplethoughtaboutme.Didtheylikemyhairstyle?Didtheyhatemybackpack?So,Itriedtohidemyinbornnerdiness（古怪）asmuchaspossible,especiallywhenitcametomysecretdream：savingtheworld.MyenthusiasmandloveforenvironmentalprotectionstartedwhenIwas13andmyfavoriteteenmagazinearrivedinthemailwitha"SavetheEarth,Girl!Hcover.Irememberitsoclearly!Itwasfilledwithallsortsofeasytipstogogreen,suchasturningoffthewaterwhileyoubrushyourteeth.Myparentswerealsoeagertostartrecyclingandreusing,sowebecamethatfamily-theoneswhowashedoutcontainersandusedthemforstorageandtheoneswhocarriedcanvas（帆布）bagstothegrocerystoreandourownmugstothecoffeeshop.Iknewitwastherightthingtodofortheenvironment,butIalwaysfeltuncomfortableandsteppedbackeverytimemymomwoulddigaplasticbottleoutofapublictrashcanandputitintherecyclingbag.Oneday,themostpopulargirlinschool,JulieM?laughedatmeinfrontofmyentireAPEnglishclassfordrinkingoutofareusableThermos（保溫瓶）insteadofstore-boughtwaterbottle.IhonestlythoughtImightdieofshame.Iwentbackhomethatdayandtoldmymomallthedetails."Well,whichdoyoulikebetter/*shesaidcalmly,clearlyusedtothiskindofpublic,"Julieortheearth?"Andrightthen,somethingclicked.IactuallyhatedJulie——shewasrudeandridiculous.WhydidIcarewhatshe—oranyone一thoughtaboutmyeco-ness?AttheendofthedayIwasproudofmyselfforhelpingtheenvironmentandIknewIwasdoingtherightthing.Whydidtheauthorgogreenattheageof13?Herinbornnerdinessdrovehertodoit.Herfamilybecamepooratthattime.Shewasinspiredbyherfavoritemagazine.Herparentsencouragedhertoprotecttheenvironment.Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenhermotherpickedupplasticbottlesfromthetrashcan?A.Bored. B.Admirable.C.Moved. D.Awkward.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmeaninparagraph4?A.Support. B.Misunderstanding.C.Praise. D.Anger.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?TheauthorforgaveJulieintheend.Theauthorfailedtosavetheworld.Theauthorchangedherloveforgoinggreen.Theauthorwouldgoonwithwhatshewasdoing.cWilhelmConradRdntgen,aGermanphysicist,producedanddetectedX-rays,whichearnedhimtheNobelPrizeinPhysicsin1901.HewasbomtoafamilyofaGermanbusinessmanandclothproducer.In1865,hewasunfairlyforcedtoleavehighschool.Withoutahighschooldiploma,Rontgencouldnotattenduniversity.UponhearingthathecouldentertheFederalPolytechnicInstituteinZurich,hepassedtheentranceexaminationandbeganstudiesthere.In1869,hegraduatedwithaPhD.Thenheheldpositionsasprofessorinseveraluniversities.In1888,heobtainedthephysicschairattheUniversityofWurzburg.Inanexperimentin1895,heoccasionallyfoundastrangeunknownlight.ltturnedoutthattherewasapieceofcardboard,mysteriouslightisfromit."Butwhydoesthiscardboardproducelight?”Heaskedhimselfandwasdeterminedtotestit.Fordaysonend,heshuthimselfawayinhislaboratory,wherenothingseemedtomakesensetohimoutside,intentonthisnamelessray.Aftersevenweeksofsecretexperiments,WilhelmRontgenfoundthattheeffectiscausedbyaninvisibleraythatcanpassthroughpaperand2-3cmthickwoodandthinaluminiumsheets.Ifyouputyourhandbetweenthetubeandthescreen,youcanseethebonesinyourhand.OnDecember28,1895,heannouncedhisnewdiscovery,callingtheunknownrayX-ray.RontgenwasmarriedtoAnnaBerthaLudwig,whowassixyearshissenior,for47yearsuntilherdeathin1919.In1866theymetinZurich.Buthisfatherdidn'tapproveduetoherage.TheirmarriagebeganwithfinancialdifficultiesasfamilysupportfromRontgenhadceased.Rontgencouldn'tgotouniversitybecause.hedidn*tgraduatefromhighschoolhisfamilywasverypoorhedidn'tpasstheentranceexaminationhisgeneralscoreswerenotgoodWhatcausedRontgentodiscoverX-ray?Otherscientists'researchandhelp.Histeam'seffortsandcooperation.Hiscuriosityanddetermination.Theattractionoffame.WhichofthefollowingaboutRontgenisNOTmentioned?A.Hisachievement. B.Hiseducation.C.Hislife. D.Hishobbies.Rontgen'sfatherwasagainsthismarriageprobablybecause.hiswifewasfromapoorfamilyhiswifewasolderthanhimtheyweretooyoungtobemarriedhisfatherdislikedhercharacterDGrandparentswhohelpoutoccasionallywithchildcareintheircommunitytendtolivelongerthanseniorswhodonotcareforotherpeople,accordingtoastudyfromBerlin,Germany."Havingnocontactwithgrandchildrenatallcannegativelyimpactgrandparents'health.Thislinkcouldbedeeplyrootedinourevolutionarypastwhenhelpwithchildcarewasimportantforthesurvivalofthehumanspecies,"saidSonjaHilbrand,oneoftheresearchers.Thefindingsaredrawnfromdataonmorethan500peopleoverage70.Overall?afteraccountingforgrandparents'ageandgeneralstateofhealth,theriskofdyingovera20-yearperiodwasone-thirdlowerforgrandparentswhocaredfortheirgrandchildren,comparedwithgrandparentswhoprovidednochildcare.Caregivingwasassociatedwithalongerlifeevenwhenthecarereceiverwasn'tarelative.HalfofalIchildlessseniorswhoprovidedsupporttofriendsorneighborslivedforsevenyearsafterthestudybegan?whilenon-helperslivedforfouryearsonaverage."Caregivingmaygivecaregiversapurposeoflifebecausetheymayfeelusefulforothersandsociety.Caregivingmaybethoughtalsoasanactivitythatkeepscaregiversphysicallyandmentallyactive,"saidProfessorBrunoArpino.Arpinonoted,however,thatcaregivingisnottheonlyactivitythatcanimprovehealthandthattoomanycaringresponsibilitiescantakeawayfromotherbeneficialactivitieslikeworking,beinginsocialclubs,orvolunteering."Childrenshouldtakeintoaccounttheirparents'needs,willingness,anddesiresandagreewiththemonthetimingandamountofchildcare,"hesuggested."Itisveryimportantthateveryindividualdecidesforhim/herself,whatproperamountsofhelp*means,"Hilbrandsaid,adding,"Aslongasyoudonotfeelstressedabouttheintensity（強度）ofhelpyouprovideyoumaybedoingsomethinggoodforothersaswellasforyourself.Whatisthecaregivingstudybasedon?Humanevolutionaryhistory.Demandmodemsociety.Socialcontactbetweenrelatives.Dataonmanyelderlypeople.InArpino*sopinion,childcare.issuretokeepoldpeopleawayfromillnessesallowsoldpeopletoliveamoremeaningfullifecreatesmorejobopportunitiesforoldpeoplemakessocialactivitiesinaccessibletooldpeopleWhatdoestheunderlinedpart"takeintoaccount1'inParagraph6probablymean? A.Limit. B.Ignore. C.Favor. D.Consider.Whatdoesthelastparagraphtellus?Grandparentscandoanythingintheirowninterests.Grandparentsshouldsharemoresocialresponsibilities.Properamountsofchildcaredogoodtograndparents.Caregivingguaranteeseverygrandparentalongerlife.Fictionbookstendtobemuchmorepopularthanself-improvementbooks.(1)Ontheotherhand,non-fictionbooksintheself-improvementfieldareintendedtohelpyousettleaproblemorreachaspecificgoal.Inmostcases,thesetypesofbooksaren'twrittenintheformofstories.(2)Butactuallyself-improvementbookscanopenupallkindsoffuturechancesforyou.Youlllearnnewthings,beinspired,anddevelopadeeploveforpracticalknowledgeandwisdom.Andwhat'sthemostexcitingthing?You'llbeabletousetheideasandadvicethatyoulearninyourdailylife.Andonceyoudothis,you'llbelikelytogetpositiveresults.(3)Thesecretistounderstandyourpresentsituationandtohaveaclearvisionofwhatyouhopetoachieveinthefuture.Theidealself-improvementbookwillbeonethatfitsyourpresentneeds.(4)Inthisway,youcanidentifyalltheproblemsyou'refacing.Onceyou*verecognizedaproblem,trytofigureoutthecausebehindit.Thenkeeptheproblemandthecauseinmindwhenyoucometochooseabook.Akeywordsearchofanonlinebookseller'slistingwillusuallythrowupdozensorevenhundredsofresults.(5)Forexample,youcanreadtheforeword,lookatcommentsandconsiderwhetherthebookcangiveyoutheanswersyouneed.Thewholeprocessmaytakeyousometimebutit'llbeworthit.A.Theyreadspecificallyforself-improvementandsuccess.B.Soyouneedtotakeagoodlookatyourselfandyourlife.C.Then,howcanwechoosearightself-improvementbook?D.Thisleadsmanypeopletobelievethebooksareboringtoread.E.Afterpickingthebook,keepyourdesiredanswerinmindasyouread.F.However,therearemanythingsyoucandotonarrowtheseresultsdown.G.Fictionbooksaredesignedandwritteninsuchawayasinspiresyoutocontinuereadingthem.16.A.AEF.FB.BG.GC.CD.DE17.A.AB.BC.CD.DEEF.FG.G

18.A.AEB.BC.CD.DE.F.FG.G19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.GItwasDecember2018.1was(1)myPhDintheUKandaprofessorinvitedmetointerviewforapostdocpositioninJapan.Theonlineinterview,duringmyvisittomyfamilyinSpain,wentwellandIwassure2019wouldbea(2)year.Then,inApril,mymothertoldmeaboutsome(3)feelingsshewasexperiencing.ButIwasfocusedonmypaper,Ibrushedawaymy(4).Later,thedoctorshada(n)(5)：Itwaslungcancer.Ispentthenexttwomonths(6)betweenmyresearchandmyfamily.Imadethree(7)visitshome.However,my(8)fbrmyselfpulledmebacktolab.Inthemeantime,thecancerhad(9).YetIwassettoattendaconferenceinNewZealandinearlyJuly,whereIwould(10)mypaper.Butonmywaytotheairport,1(11).InsteadofNewZealand,IflewbacktoMadrid.1(12)myPhDdefense.Meanwhile,mymother'sprognosis(預(yù)測病情)changedfrom1yeartomonths,weeks,thendays.FdthoughtIhadmoretimewithher,butIdidn't.Cancer(13)mymotherattheendofJuly.Idefendedmypaperinmid-SeptemberandmovedtoTokyotostartmy(14)life.Pleaserememberlifeiswhathappenswhileyouaremakingplans.Ifyourlovedones(15)you,betherefbrthem.21.A.applyingforB.finishingupC.preparingforD.givingup22.A.tougherB.longerC.busierD.better23.A.strangeB.humbleC.lonelyD.guilty24.A.excitementB.concernsC.pressureD.commitments25.A.appointmentB.promiseC.updateD.friction26.A.tomB.distributedC.hesitatingD.complaining27.A.officialB.formalC.briefD.regular28.A.regretsB.expectationsC.assumptionsD.satisfactions29.A.occurredB.withdrawnC.spreadD.improved30.A.polishB.publishC.purchaseD.present31.A.fellapartB.fellbehindC.heldoutD.heldon32.A.abandonedB.conductedC.arrangedD.postponed33.A.challengedB.beatC.attackedD.rejectedA.common B.random C.new D.simpleA.need B.adore C.order D.suspectDearTom,IhavereceivedyourletterandIamgladtogiveyousome⑴(suggestion).Firstofall,don'tbe⑵(disappoint).Englishismore(3)lessdifficult.Manystudentsfind(4)hardtowritewell.(5)myopinionjfyouwanttoimproveyourwriting,youcando(6)followingthings.First,dosomestudywithusefulexpressionsandsentencestructures.Trytomakesomesentenceswiththem.Second,readasmuchaspossible.Therearemanythings(7)can'tbelearnedatatime.Youmustseethemmanytimes.Soinorder⑻(write)well,youmustlearntoreadmuch.⑼(final),you'dbetterrecitesomegoodpassages.Bytheway,ameeting(10)(hold)nextweekinourclasstodiscusstheproblems.Welcometoit!Goodluck!Yours,LiHua37.假定你是李華，你的美國筆友Mike來信表示對中國高中生的學(xué)校生活感興趣，詢問你進入高中學(xué)習(xí)以來第一個學(xué)年的感受，請根據(jù)以下提示寫一封回信。.學(xué)習(xí)情況；.課外活動；.對未來高中生活的展望。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2.可適當(dāng)增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。DearMike,Yours,LiHua38.OnaFridaynight,apooryoungartiststoodatthegateoftheNewYorkrailwaystation,playinghisviolin.Themusicwassoexcellentthatmanypeoplestoppedtoputsomemoneyintothehatoftheyoungman.Thenextday,theyoungartistcametothesameplace,andputhishatonthegroundgracefullyDifferentlyfromthedaybefore,hetookoutalargepieceofpaperandlaiditunderhishat.Thenhebegantoplaytheviolin.ltsoundedmorepleasantthanever.Soonhewassurroundedwithpeoplewhowereattractedbythewordsonthepaper.ltsaid,"Lastnight,agentlemannamedGeorgeSangputanimportantthingintomyhatbymistake.Pleasecometoclaimitsoon.0Afterabouthalfanhour,amiddle-agedmanrushedthroughthecrowdtotheviolinistandsaid,uYes,itsyou.Iknewthatyouwereanhonestmanandwouldcertainlycomehere.**Theyoungviolinistaskedcalmly,MAreyouMr.GeorgeSang?”Themannodded.Theviolinistasked,"Didyoulosesomething?""It'salotteryticket,⑵'saidtheman.⑵TheviolinisttookoutalotteryticketonwhichGeorgeSang*snamewasseen.nIsthisit?*'heasked.Georgenoddedandtookthelotteryticketandkissedit,thendancedwiththeviolinist.注意：1.所續(xù)寫短文的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150詞左右；2.續(xù)寫部分分為兩段，每段的開頭語已為你寫好。Paragraph1："Ican'tthankyouenoughforbeinghere."saidGeorgeSang. Paragraph2：nIwasabouttoleavethismorningtoViennatoattendadvancedstudies."saidtheyoungartist.答案和解析1~3.【答案】D、A、D【解析】（1）D.推理判斷題。根據(jù)Events部分的Forthefirsttime,afemaleathletespercentageofover45.44%toattendthewintergameshasbeenreached,makingBeijing2022probablythemostgender-balancedWinterOlympicstodate.（參加冬奧會的女性運動員比例首次超過45.44%,這使北京2022年冬奧會可能成為迄今為止性別比例最平衡的冬奧會。）可知，2022年冬奧會的特別之處是女運動員數(shù)量的增加。故選D。A.推理判斷題。根據(jù)Tickets部分的Ticketbookinghasn'tyetstarted.（訂票還沒有開始。）可知，門票尚未開售。故選A。D.寫作意圖題。通讀全文可知，本文是對2022年冬奧會相關(guān)情況的介紹，其目的是介紹（introduce）。故選D。本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了北京冬奧會的一些情況。1.直接信息題：直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息，選項在語言表達上與原文基本一致的題目。2.間接信息題：間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息，但在語言表達上與原文有差異，做題時需要對原文信息進行轉(zhuǎn)換。3.綜合信息題：綜合信息題是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話，可能是原文的幾句話，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求學(xué)生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來分析，而不能斷章取義。4~7.【答案】C、D、B、D【解析】（l）C.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中MyenthusiasmandloveforenvironmentalprotectionstartedwhenIwas13andmyfavoriteteenmagazinearrivedinthemailwitha"SavetheEarth,Girl!"cover.（我對環(huán)境保護的熱情和熱愛開始于我13歲的時候，我收到了我最喜歡的青少年雜志，封面上面寫著"拯救地球，女孩!"）可知，作者在13歲的時候選擇綠色生活，是因為受到她最喜歡的雜志的啟發(fā)。故選C。D.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中Iknewitwastherightthingtodofortheenvironment,butIalwaysfeltuncomfortableandsteppedbackeverytimemymomwoulddigaplasticbottleoutofapublictrashcanandputitintherecyclingbag.（我知道這樣做對環(huán)境是正確的，但每次我媽媽從公共垃圾桶里挖出一個塑料瓶放進回收袋時，我總是感到不舒服。）可推知，當(dāng)作者的母親從垃圾桶里撿起塑料瓶時，她感覺尷尬。故選D。B.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中Oneday,themostpopulargirlinschool,JulieM,laughedatmeinfrontofmyentireAPEnglishclassfordrinkingoutofareusableThermos（保溫瓶）insteadofstore-boughtwaterbottle.（有一天，學(xué)校里最受歡迎的女孩JulieM當(dāng)著全班同學(xué)的面嘲笑我，因為我喝的是可重復(fù)使用的保溫瓶，而不是從商店里買的瓶裝水。）以及劃線詞上文"Well,whichdoyoulikebetter,"shesaidcalmly,clearlyusedtothiskindofpublic（那么，你更喜歡哪一個呢？"她平靜地說，顯然她已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了面對這樣的人群）可知，作者回家告訴了媽媽學(xué)校發(fā)生的事情之后，母親很平靜地問作者更喜歡哪一個，顯然她對這種誤解已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了。故劃線詞意思是"誤解"。結(jié)合選項A.Suppor支持；B.Misunderstanding誤解：C.Praise贊美；D.Anger憤怒。故選B。D.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中AttheendofthedayIwasproudofmyselfforhelpingtheenvironmentandIknewIwasdoingtherightthing.（在那天結(jié)束的時候，我為自己幫助環(huán)境而感到驕傲，我知道我在做正確的事情。）可推知，作者將繼續(xù)她正在做的事情。故選D。本文是一篇日常生活類議論文。主要講述了作者13歲時受到雜志的啟發(fā)，開始了綠色生活，但還是會對他人的看法感到尷尬和不舒服。最后在母親的開導(dǎo)下，作者意識到不應(yīng)該在意別人的看法，因為自己在做正確的事情?？疾槿粘Ｉ铑愰喿x理解。做題時要通讀全文，把握大意，然后結(jié)合題干及選項做出正確的選擇。8~11.【答案】A、C、D、B【解析】（1）A.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中"Withoutahighschooldiploma,Rontgencouldnotattenduniversity.（沒有高中文憑，Rontgen就不能上大學(xué)）"由此可知，Rontgen_t不了大學(xué)，因為他沒有高中畢業(yè)。故選A。C.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段"Inanexperimentin1895,heoccasionallyfoundastrangeunknownlight.ltturnedoutthattherewasapieceofcardboard,mysteriouslightisfromit.'Butwhydoesthiscardboardproducelight?'Heaskedhimselfandwasdeterminedtotestit.（在1895年的一次實驗中，他偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種奇怪的未知光。原來，有一塊紙板，神秘的光芒就是從它身上發(fā)出的。"但是為什么這種紙板會發(fā)光呢？”他自問自答，決心檢驗一下。）可知，他的好奇心和決心促使Rdntgen發(fā)現(xiàn)了X射線。故選C。D.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中"UponhearingthathecouldentertheFederalPolytechnicInstituteinZurich,hepassedtheentranceexaminationandbeganstudiesthere.In1869,hegraduatedwithaPhD.Thenheheldpositionsasprofessorinseveraluniversities.In1888,heobtainedthephysicschairattheUniversityofWiirzburg.（一聽說他可以進入蘇黎世聯(lián)邦理工學(xué)院，他就通過了入學(xué)考試，并開始在那里學(xué)習(xí)。1869年，他獲得博士學(xué)位畢業(yè)。然后他在幾所大學(xué)擔(dān)任教授。1888年，他獲得了維爾茨堡大學(xué)的物理教授職位。）根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中"OnDecember28,1895,heannouncedhisnewdiscovery,callingtheunknownrayX-ray."（1895年12月28日，他宣布了他的新發(fā)現(xiàn)，稱之為未知射線X射線。）根據(jù)最后一段"RontgenwasmarriedtoAnnaBerthaLudwig,whowassixyearshissenior,for47yearsuntilherdeathin1919.1n1866theymetinZiirich.Buthisfatherdidn'tapproveduetoherage.TheirmarriagebeganwithfinancialdifficultiesasfamilysupportfromRontgenhadceased."（倫琴與比他大六歲的安娜?伯莎?路德維希結(jié)婚47年，直到她于1919年去世。1866年，他們在蘇黎世相遇。但是他父親因為她的年齡不同意。他們的婚姻始于經(jīng)濟困難，因為倫琴的家庭支持已經(jīng)停止。）由此可知，文章提到了Rontgen的生活、教育、成就，但是沒有提到他的業(yè)余愛好。故選D。B.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中"In1866theymetinZiirich.Buthisfatherdidn'tapproveduetoherage.（1866年，他們在Ziirich會面。但他的父親不同意，因為她的年齡）"由此可知，R6ntgen的父親反對他的婚姻可能是因為他的妻子比他大。故選B。本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹德國物理學(xué)家威廉康拉德Rontgen的生平經(jīng)歷及成就。他發(fā)明并探測了x射線，并因此獲得了1901年的諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎。1.直接信息題：直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息，選項在語言表達上與原文基本一致的題目。2.間接信息題：間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息，但在語言表達上與原文有差異，做題時需要對原文信息進行轉(zhuǎn)換。3.綜合信息題：綜合信息題是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話，可能是原文的幾句話，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求學(xué)生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來分析，而不能斷章取義。12?15.【答案】D、B、D、C【解析】經(jīng)調(diào)查表明兒童保育研究是以老年人的數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ)，兒童保育讓老年人過上更有意義的生活。本篇閱讀較為簡單。文章內(nèi)容，所出題目以及選項也較短，因此考生只要閱讀詳略結(jié)合，細心理解，就能快速得出正確答案。D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段Grandparentswhohelpoutoccasionallywithchildcareintheircommunitytendtolivelongerthanseniorswhodonotcareforotherpeople,accordingtoastudyfromBerlin,Germany?可知兒童保育研究是以老年人的數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ)，故選D。B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段中Arpinonoted,however,thatcaregivingisnottheonlyactivitythatcanimprovehealthandthattoomanycaringresponsibilitiescantakeawayfromotherbeneficialactivitieslikeworking,beinginsocialclubs,orvolunteeringo可知以Arpino看來，兒童保育讓老年人過上更有意義的生活。故選B。D詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第六段第一句Arpinonoted,however,thatcaregivingisnottheonlyactivitythatcanimprovehealthandthattoomanycaringresponsibilitiescantakeawayfromotherbeneficialactivitieslikeworking,beinginsocialclubs,orvolunteeringo可知以Arpino看來，兒童保育讓老年人過上更有意義的生活。所以孩子們應(yīng)該考慮自己家長的需求，意愿和欲望，劃線部分的意思應(yīng)該是“考慮”，故選D。C段落大意題。根據(jù)最后一段第一Itisveryimportantthateveryindividualdecidesforhim/herself,whatproperamountsofhelp'means,可知適當(dāng)?shù)耐袃簩ψ娓改赣幸?。故選C。16?20.【答案】G^D、C^B、F（解析］（1）G.推理判斷題。根據(jù)前文"Fictionbookstendtobemuchmorepopularthanself-improvementbooks.（小說比勵志書更受歡迎）"后文"Ontheotherhand,non-fictionbooksintheself-improvementfieldareintendedtohelpyousettleaproblemorreachaspecificgoal.（另一方面，非小說類書籍在自我提高領(lǐng)域的目的是幫助你解決問題或達到特定的目標(biāo)）”對比可知，空白處描述的內(nèi)容應(yīng)為小說類的書籍的內(nèi)容的目的。選項GJFictionbooksaredesignedandwritteninsuchawayasinspiresyoutocontinuereadingthem.（小說的設(shè)計和寫作方式能夠激勵你繼續(xù)閱讀）”與后文的內(nèi)容構(gòu)成邏輯上的一致,故選G項。D.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)上文"Inmostcases,thesetypesofbooksaren'twrittenintheformofstories.（在大多數(shù)情況下，這些類型的書不是以故事形式寫的）”可知，空白處可能描述的為不用故事的形式寫的書的帶來的結(jié)果。選項D."Thisleadsmanypeopletobelievethebooksareboringtoread.（這導(dǎo)致很多人認為這些書讀起來很無聊）"中的ihis就是上文的thesetypesofbooksaren'twrittenintheformofstories,與前文承接自然，故選D項。C.推理判斷題。根據(jù)下文“Thesecretistounderstandyourpresentsituationandtohaveaclearvisionofwhatyouhopetoachieveinthefuture.Theidealself-improvementbookwillbeonethatfitsyourpresentneeds.（秘訣是了解你的當(dāng)前狀況，并對未來希望實現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)有清晰的認識。理想的勵志書將是適合你當(dāng)前需求的書）”可知，空白處是提出如何選擇勵志書的問題。選項C."Then,howcanwechoosearightself-improvementbook?（那么，我們?nèi)绾芜x擇一本對的勵志書呢？）”提出問題，下文給出解決方法，故選C項。B.推理判斷題。根據(jù)下文"Inthisway,youcanidentifyalltheproblemsyou'refacing.（這樣，你可以確定所面臨的所有問題）”可知，空白處講述的是你要通過什么方法來知道自己的處境。選項B.nSoyouneedtotakeagoodlookatyourselfandyourlife.（因此你需要審視一下你自己和你的生活）”中的takeagoodlookatyourselfandyourlife對應(yīng)下文中的inthisway,故選B項。F.推理判斷題。根據(jù)前文"Akeywordsearchofanonlinebooksellerslistingwillusuallythrowupdozensorevenhundredsofresults.（在線書店列表的關(guān)鍵字搜索通常會產(chǎn)生幾十個甚至幾百個結(jié)果）"后文"Forexample,youcanreadtheforeword,lookatcommentsandconsiderwhetherthebookcangiveyoutheanswersyouneed.Thewholeprocessmaytakeyousometimebutit'Dbeworthit.（例如,你可以閱讀前言，查看評論，并考慮這本書是否能給你需要的答案。整個過程可能會花費你一些時間，但這是值得的）”通過事例，提到了一個可以找到你需要的書的方法。所以空白處可能描述的為你有可以縮小選擇的方法。選項F."However,therearemanythingsyoucandotonarrowtheseresultsdown.（然而，你可以做很多事情來縮小這些結(jié)果）”符合語境，results是關(guān)鍵詞，故選F項。這是一篇說明文。文章主要是說明了什么是勵志書，以及如何選擇適合自己的勵志書的方法。技巧①通讀全文，了解文章大意；②細讀七個選項，找出和文章相對應(yīng)的關(guān)鍵詞，分析選項間的邏輯關(guān)系；③根據(jù)文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)、具體內(nèi)容，結(jié)合關(guān)鍵詞，選出最佳選項；④將所選答案代入文中，再次通讀全文，重點查看邏輯關(guān)系和關(guān)聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)是否合理。21~35.【答案】B、D、A、B、C、A、C、B、C、D、A、D、B、C、A【解析】(1)B.考查動詞短語及語境理解。A.applyingfor申請；B.finishingup完成；C.preparingfor為 準(zhǔn)備；D.givingup放棄。句意：我正在英國完成博士學(xué)位，一位教授邀請我面試日本的博士后職位。由下文的"aprofessorinvitedmetointerviewforapostdocpositioninJapan"可知，一位教授邀請作者面試日本的博士后職位，說明作者正要完成博士學(xué)位。故選B項。D.考查形容詞及語境理解。A.tougher更艱難的；B.longer更長的；C.busier更忙的：D.better更好的。句意：在我訪問西班牙家人期間，網(wǎng)上面試進行得很順利，我相信2019年會是更好的一年。由上文的"aprofessorinvitedmetointerviewforapostdocpositioninJapan.Theonlineinterview"可知，一位教授邀請作者面試日本的博士后職位，網(wǎng)上面試也很順利，說明作者獲得日本的博士后職位概率大，他感覺一切順利、美好，2019年會是更好的一年。故選D項。A.考查形容詞及語境理解。A.strange奇怪的；B.humble謙虛的；C.lonely孤獨的；D.guilty愧疚的。句意：然后，在四月份，我媽媽告訴我她正在經(jīng)歷的一些奇怪的感覺。由下文的"Itwaslungcancer”可知，作者母親患了肺癌，所以母親會有一些生病的奇怪的感覺。故選A項。B.考查名詞及語境理解。A.excitement興奮;B.concerns擔(dān)憂；C.pressure壓力；□.commitments承諾。句意：但我把注意力集中在我的論文上，我沒有理會我的擔(dān)憂。由上文語境可知，作者母親告訴作者她身體有一些奇怪的感覺，作者肯定是擔(dān)憂母親身體的，但因為忙于論文，作者就忽視了自己的擔(dān)憂。故選B項。C.考查名詞及語境理解。A.appointment約定:B.promise承諾;C.update更新的信息；D.friction摩擦。句意：后來，醫(yī)生們得到了最新消息：是肺癌。由下文的"Itwaslungcancer"可知，此處指醫(yī)生更新了母親病情的消息，確診肺癌的新消息。故選C項。A.考查動詞及語境理解。A.tom撕裂;B.distributed分配；C.hesitating猶豫;D.complaining抱怨。句意：接下來的兩個月里，我在研究和家庭之間難于抉擇。由上文語境可知，一方面是作者面臨畢業(yè)的事情，一方面是母親生病的事情，兩件事都很重要，到底關(guān)注于哪一件，真的很難選擇，betombetween(難于抉擇、左右為難)。故選A項。C.考查形容詞及語境理解。A.official官方的；B.formal正式的；C.brief短暫的：D.regular有規(guī)律的。句意：我短暫地回了三次家。由下文的"my(8)formyselfpulledmebacktolab”可知，作者還是要回到實驗室，說明作者只是短暫地回了三次家。故選C項。B.考查名詞及語境理解。A.regrets遺憾;B.expectations期望；C.assumptions假設(shè)；D.satisfactions滿意。句意：然而，我對自己的期望把我拉回到了實驗室。由下文的"formyselfpulledmebacktolab”,可知作者是為了自己才回到實驗室的，說明是作者對自己學(xué)業(yè)的期望讓他回到實驗室繼續(xù)研究。故選B項。C.考查動詞及語境理解。A.occurred發(fā)生；B.withdrawn撤退；C.spread擴散：D.improved改善。句意：與此同時，癌癥已經(jīng)擴散了。由下文語境可知，母親過世了，說明癌癥擴散了。故選C項。(10)D.考查動詞及語境理解。A.polish擦光：B.publish出版；C.purchase購買；D.present展現(xiàn)。句意：然而，我準(zhǔn)備參加7月初在新西蘭舉行的一個會議，在那里我將展現(xiàn)我的論文。由上文語境，上文的"YetIwassettoattendaconferenceinNewZealandinearlyJuly"和下文的"myPhDdefense”可知，作者正在面臨博士畢業(yè)，即使母親生病了，作者還在繼續(xù)論文研究，作者準(zhǔn)備參加7月初在新西蘭舉行的一個會議，說明是要展示畢業(yè)論文，去答辯的。故選D項。A.考查動詞短語及語境理解。A.fellapart(情感上)崩潰：B.fellbehind落后：C.heldout伸出；D.heldon堅持不懈。句意：但在去機場的路上，我(情感上)崩潰了。由上文語境可知，作者母親癌癥擴散，作者因為太擔(dān)心母親了，在機場即將離開時，母親的病情讓作者情緒崩潰，沒有去新西蘭，而是回了家，選擇推遲論文答辯。故選A項。D.考查動詞及語境理解。A.abandoned拋棄；B.conducted實施；C.arranged安排；D.postponed推遲。句意：我推遲了博士答辯。由下文的"Idefendedmypaperinmid-September"可知，作者九月份做了答辯，說明作者推遲了論文答辯。故選D項。B.考查動詞及語境理解。A.challenged挑戰(zhàn)；B.beat打敗;C.attacked攻擊；D.rejected拒絕。句意：癌癥在七月底打敗了我母親。由上文的"mymother'sprognosis(預(yù)測病情)changedfrom1yeartomonths,weeks,thendays",可知作者母親的預(yù)測病情從存活1年變?yōu)閿?shù)月、數(shù)周、數(shù)天，說明作者母親病情不斷惡化，作者母親最終沒能戰(zhàn)勝病魔，病魔打敗了作者母親。故選B項。C.考查形容詞及語境理解。A.common普通的；B.random隨意的：C.new新的：D.simple簡單的。句意：我在九月中旬做了論文答辯，然后搬到東京開始我的新生活。由上文語境可知，作者因為母親推遲了論文答辯，母親過世后，作者結(jié)束了論文答辯，去東京進修博士后學(xué)習(xí)，開始了自己的新生活。故選C項。A.考查動詞及語境理解。A.need需要；B.adore熱愛；C.order命令；D.suspect懷疑。句意：如果你所愛的人需要你，就在他們身邊。由上文語境可知，作者最后在論文答辯和陪在母親身邊兩個選擇上，還是選擇陪在了母親身邊，作者想要告訴我們的就是當(dāng)你所愛的人需要你時，就陪在他們身邊。故選A項。這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者臨近畢業(yè)期間，母親感覺不舒服，作者沒上心，最后發(fā)現(xiàn)肺癌，因此作者推遲了博士答辯，但母親最后還是不在了，以此告訴我們一個道理：如果你所愛的人需要你，就在他們身邊。近幾年高考試題中的完形填空有新的變化，試題所涉及的知識面不斷拓寬，綜合難度不斷提高。做完形填空首先要通讀全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有許多空格，所以，必須先通讀一至兩遍，才能大概了解文章的內(nèi)容。千萬不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。選擇答案時，要考慮整個句子的內(nèi)容，包括搭配、時態(tài)、語法等。答案全填完后，再通讀一遍文章，檢查是否通順流暢，用詞得當(dāng)，意思正確。.【答案】【小題1]suggestions【小題2】disappointed【小題3】or【小題4】it【小題5】In【小題6]the【小題7]ihat/which【小題8]towrite【小題9】Finally【小題10]willbeheld【解析】(1)suggestions.考查可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。句意：我收到了你的來信，我很高興給你一些建議。suggestion為可數(shù)名詞，空前有some修飾，故用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填suggestionsodisappointed.考查形容詞。句意：首先，不要失望。結(jié)合句意可知，此處修飾you,表示"感到失望"，故用ed結(jié)尾的形容詞作be的表語，故填disappointed。or.考查固定搭配。句意:英語多少有點難。moreorless表示"或多或少，大概"，符合句意，故填or。it.考查形式賓語。句意：許多學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)寫得好很難。此處用it作形式賓語，動詞不定式towritewell作真正的賓語，故填it?In.考查介詞。句意：在我看來，如果你想提高你的寫作水平，你可以做以下幾件事。inone'sopinion表示"在某人看來"，且置于句首，首字母大寫，故填I(lǐng)n。the.考查冠詞。句意：在我看來，如果你想提高你的寫作水平，你可以做以下幾件事。結(jié)合句意可知，此處表示特指，故用定冠詞，故填the。that/which.考查定語從句。句意：有許多事情是一次學(xué)不到的。分析句子可知，此處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞為things,在從句中作主語，故填that/which。towrite.考查動詞不定式。句意：所以，為了寫得好，你必須多讀書。inordertodo表示"為了做某事"符合句意，故填towrite?Finally.考查副詞。句意：最后，你最好背誦一些好的段落。此處用副詞作狀語修飾句子，且置于句首，首字母大寫，故填Finally。willbeheld.考查動詞時態(tài)及語態(tài)。句意：順便說一句，下周我們班將召開一次會議來討論這些問題。時間狀語為nextweek句子用一般將來時，主語ameeting與hold之間是被動關(guān)系，故填willbeheld.本文為應(yīng)用文，主要講述了作者關(guān)于提高寫作的建議。語法填空考查學(xué)生英語綜合知識的運用，做題時要首先明確短文大意，從詞語搭配，固定句型，語法，時態(tài)等方面綜合考慮，結(jié)合上下文語境找出正確答案。.【答案】DearMike,Gladtoreceiveyourletter,whereyouexpressedinterestinChineseSeniorHighschoollife.（寫信目的）Inthebeginning,everythingseemstobefreshandexciting.ButIfinditdifficulttolearnsomesubjects