2023研究生入學考試英語模擬題

研究生入學考試英語模擬題

姓名：

班級:(例如：中醫(yī)學2018級1班）

學號：

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

The“Satanicpanic”thatoncesweptthroughAmericaheldthatthousandsofpeopleweresecretmembersofaworshippingcultswhichwereabusingandmurderingchildren.Allegedvictimsmadedetailed_1,oftenaftertherapydesignedto_“2”_memoriesthathadsupposedlybeenburiedafterthemental_3.Manypeoplewenttoprison.Noneofitwastrue.

One_4ofthepanicwastocementtheideathateyewitnesstestimonyis_5.ButJohnWixted,apsychologistattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,_6outthatthisdistrusthasgonetoofar.Eyewitnessmemories,hesaid,can_7beveryreliable—_8_theyaretestedintherightcircumstances.

The_9toreliability,saidDr.Wixted,isthe_10ofwitnessesintheirassessments._Experiments_suggestthatwhenwitnessestoasimulatedcrimeareconfidentofhaving_11thesuspectinalaterphotoline-up,theyarealmostalways_12.__13_,iftheyaresurethesuspectisnotpresent,thatis__likelytoberighttoo.Onlywhenawitnessisunsuredoesariskofmisidentification_14.

Theproblemisthatthisconfidenceistrustworthyonlythe_15timethequestionisasked.Theactoftestingmemories_16_everyothertestthatcomesafter.Forinstance,Dr.WixtedcitedthecaseofCharlesFlores,aprisonerawaitingexecution.Initially,whenshownphotosincludedMr.Flores,awitnesssaid_17ofthepeoplematchedher_18._Bythetimethecasecametotrialayear____later,shehadchangedhermindandidentifiedMr.Flores,andMr.Floreswas_19._20,Dr.Wixtedsuggestsshewaslikelytohavebeenrightthefirsttimeandwrongthesecond.

1.__

[A]promises

[B]organizations

[C]allegations

[D]predictions

2.__

[A]reclaim

[B]recover

[C]admire

[D]embrace

3._

[A]health

[B]damage

[C]recovery

[D]creation

4._

[A]destination

[B]evidence

[C]criticism

[D]effect

5._

[A]unreliable

[B]authentic

[C]unrealistic

[D]prominent

6.__

[A]worked

[B]figured

[C]pointed

[D]carried

7._

[A]ofcourse

[B]withoutdoubt

[C]inforce

[D]infact

8._

[A]if

[B]once

[C]as

[D]after

9._

[A]answer

[B]way

[C]hope

[D]key

10.

[A]conclusion

[B]contradiction

[C]confidence

[D]controversy

11.

[A]interpreted

[B]identified

[C]evaded

[D]located

12._

[A]significant

[B]aggressive

[C]correct

[D]irrational

13._

[A]Presumably

[B]Generally

[C]Officially

[D]Similarly

14._

[A]disappear

[B]arise

[C]enlarge

[D]decline

15.

[A]next

[B]last

[C]first

[D]second

16.

[A]undermine

[B]enhance

[C]anticipate

[D]underline

17.

[A]All

[B]one

[C]none

[D]alot

18.

[A]requirement

[B]target

[C]intelligence

[D]recollection

19.

[A]released

[B]convicted

[C]arrested

[D]rejected

20.

[A]Although

[B]Furthermore

[C]However

[D]Besides

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

Mostofthetimescienceisaslowandtediousbusiness.Researcherstoilawayfordecadesatobscurelimitsofhumanknowledge,collectingandanalyzingdata,refiningtheories,writing,debating,andadvancingourunderstandingoftheworldintinyincrements.Workinginsmallteamsonhighlyspecializedprojectsfarfromthepubliceye—thatiswhatmostofusareaccustomedtodoing.

Ingeneral,traditionalmodesofpublicationwerefartooslow,whichmotivatedscientiststoembracearapidalternativemodel:preprintarchives,wherepapersarepostedpriortopeerrevieworconsiderationatascientificjournal.ThenumberofpaperssubmittedtomedRxiv,akeyrepositoryofbiomedicalpreprints,increased10-foldinthefirstfewmonthsofthepandemic.Forresearchers,theemergenceofthediseasewasanall-hands-on-deckmoment.Biologistssuchasthetwoofus,alongwithvirologistsandimmunologists,allpivotedtofocusonthenewpathogen.Andotherresearchersfromacrossthescientificecosystem—economists,physicists,engineers,statisticians,psychologists,sociologists,andmore—droppedeverythingtolearnaboutCOVIDandfigureouthowtheycouldcontribute.

Thesechangesalsoshiftedearly-stagesciencefromaprivateactivitytopartofthepublicdiscourse.Insteadofpresentingtheworldwithpolishedscientificarticles,investigatorsworkedinopenview,thinkingaloud,offeringpreliminaryspeculations,arguing,makingwrongturns,followingdeadendsandpursuingsomehypothesesthatwouldultimatelyberefuted.

Thisapproachtocommunicationdoeshaveadownside.Previouslyprivatecommunicationswerenowopentoexploitationanddistortionbypoliticiansandpundits.Forinstance,flawedblood-sampleresearchreportedinanApril2020medRxivpaperpurportedtoshowthatCOVIDwasamilddiseasewithaverylowfatalityrate.Althoughthescientificcommunityquicklypointedoutahostofproblemswiththework,peopleseekingtoavoidbusinessrestrictions,schoolclosuresandmaskmandatesignoredthecriticismandusedthepapertounderminepublichealthinterventions.

Rapidandunorthodoxchannelsofcommunicationalsocouldnotsolvealltheproblemsscientists

encountered.Wetooktoolongtorecognizetheimportanceofairbornetransmissionofthevirus.Wespentearly2020washingourgroceriesbutnotwearingmasks.Mostcritically,wehavebeenlargelyunsuccessfulatanticipatingandmanagingthehumanelementofthepandemic.Bynotaccountingforwaysthatbehaviorwouldchangeinresponsetoinformation—andmisinformation—wehavestruggledtopredictthesizeandtimingofsuccessivediseasewavesandvirusvariants.

21.Thephrase“toilaway”(Line1,Para.1)mostprobablymeans______._

[A]giveup

[B]dropout

[C]workhard

[D]standout

22.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,thenumberofpapersmedRxivreceivedincreasedrapidlybecause_______.

[A]mostoftheresearchersareaccustomedtohighlyspecializedprojectsnowadays

[B]old-fashionedpublicationprocessisnotefficientenoughtosatisfyresearchers

[C]researcherstendtobypasstheslowandtediouspeerreviewatascientificjournal

[D]medRxivenjoysarespectedpositioninbiomedicineduringthepandemic

23.PublichealthinterventionsagainstCOVIDhave______.

[A]beenhinderedbyfaultyresearchfindings

[B]madesignificantgainsthroughreasonablesteps

[C]ignoredtheexploitationanddistortionbypoliticians

[D]runintoaseriesofproblems

24.Thepresentapproachtocommunicationhasadrawbackthat_______._

[A]researchersareencouragedtopursuefalseassumptionsratherthantruth

[B]privatecommunicationsaremisinterpretedandtwistedbysomepeople

[C]itpresentstheworldwithpolishedscientificpapers

[D]someofthepublishedhypotheseswouldberefuted

25.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

[A]Communicationchannelstosolveeveryproblemencounteredbyscientistscanbefound.

[B]Wecanpredictthevariationofnovelcoronavirusinthenearfuture.

[C]Itisnotnecessarytoreservedailynecessitiesduringtheepidemic.

[D]WearingmaskscaneffectivelypreventthetransmissionofCOVID-19.

Text2

Wetaptelephonewithminuteelectronicpackagesinthisageofchips.Suchminiaturizationmightleadustothefalsebeliefthatabsolutesizeisirrelevanttotheoperationofcomplexmachinery.Butnaturedoesnotminiaturizenervecells(orothercellsforthatmatter).Therangeofcellsizeamongorganismsisincomparablysmallerthantherangeinbodysize.Smallanimalssimplyhavefarfewercellsthanlargeanimals.Thehumanbraincontainsseveralbillionnervecells;anantisconstrainedbyitssmallsizetohave

manyhundredsoftimesfewernervecells.

Thereisnoestablishedrelationshipbetweenbrainsizeandintelligenceamonghumans.Butthisobservationcannotbeextendedtodifferencesbetweenspeciesandcertainlynottorangesofsizesseparatingantsandhumans.

Wecanmakeastrongerargumentandclaimthathumanshavetobejustaboutthesizetheyareinordertofunctionastheydo.Inanamusingandinstructivearticle,F.W.Wentexploredtheimpossibilityofhumanlife,asweknowit,atantdimensions.Sinceweightincreasessomuchfasterthansurfaceareaasanobjectgetslarger,smallanimalshaveveryhighratiosofsurfacetovolume:theyliveinaworlddominatedbysurfaceforcesthataffectusscarcelyatall.

Anant-sizedmanmightputonsomeclothing,butforcesofsurfaceadhesionwouldpreventitsremoval.Thelowerlimitofdropsizewouldmakeshoweringimpossible;eachdropwouldhitwiththeforceofalargestone.Ifourlittlemanmanagedtogetwetandtriedtodryoffwithatowel,hewouldbestucktoitforlife.Hecouldpournoliquid,lightnofire.

Ourskillsandbehaviorarefinelyrelatedtooursize.Wecouldnotbetwiceastallasweare,forthekineticenergyofafallwouldthenbe16to32timesasgreat,andoursheerweight(increasedeightfold)wouldbemorethanourlegscouldsupport.Humangiantsofninetotenfeethaveeitherdiedyoungorbeencrippledearlybyfailureofjointsandbones.Athalfoursize,wecouldnotwieldaclubwithsufficientforcetohuntlargeanimals(forkineticenergywoulddecrease16to32-fold).Wecouldnotimpartsufficientmomentumtospearsandarrows;wecouldnotcutorsplitwoodwithprimitivetoolsorminemineralswithpicksandchisels.Sincethesewereessentialactivitiesinourhistoricaldevelopment,wemustconcludethatthepathofourevolutioncouldonlyhavebeenfollowedbyacreatureveryclosetooursize.Idonotarguethatweinhabitthebestofallpossibleworlds,onlythatoursizehaslimitedouractivitiesand,toagreatextent,shapedourevolution.

26.Whatcanbelearnedfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

[A]Smallanimalsrarelyhavethesamenumberofnervecellsaslargeanimals.

[B]Cellsofsmallanimalsaresmallerthanthoseoflargeanimals.

[C]Moreintelligentmentendtopossesslargerbrainsize.

[D]Animalcellsarevariableinsizeandnumberduetospecies.

27.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthearticleofF.W.Wentis

[A]critical

[B]tolerant

[C]supportive

[D]ambiguous

28.AccordingtoF.W.Went’sarticle,anant-sizedmanmight_______.

[A]putonandtakeoffsomeclothingunderforces

[B]takeashowerwithouttoomuchtrouble

[C]betrappedonatowelwhenwipinghimself

[D]performdailyactivitiesjustaswellasnormalpeopl

29.Accordingtotheauthor,humanbodysize_______.

[A]preventsusfromhuntinglargeanimalsinagroup

[B]playsanimportantroleinmaintainingourbasicfunction

[C]differslargelyduetoracesandregionsinhistory

[D]limitsourskillsandbehaviorinthepathofevolution

30.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

[A]physicalsizeisthedecisivefactorinourevolutionhistory.

[B]Smallanimalsbearfewersurfaceforcescomparedtohumanbeings.

[C]Humangiantswilllargelyexistowingtoevolutionarypotentials.

[D]Humanwerephysicallyshapedtofitthecourseofevolution.

Text3

AUSEnergyDepartmentreportcallsforincentivestoboostcoal-firedandnuclearpowerplantsfollowingastreamofclosuresthatitsaidunderminedreliablesourcesofelectricity.Thefindingsofthestudy,releasedlateonWednesday,drewscornfromrenewableenergyadvocatesbutpraisefromthecoalandnuclearindustries.ThereportalignswiththePresident’spromisetorevivetheailingminingsector.Butitdiffersfromconclusionspresentedinanearlierdraft,whichhadsaidbigincreasesinrenewablepowergenerationremainedpossiblewithoutundermininggridreliability.Theadministrationhadnotyetreviewedtheearlydraft,whichwaswrittenbydepartmentstaff.

EnergySecretaryRickPerrycommissionedthestudyinApriltoevaluatewhether“regulatoryburdens”imposedbypastadministrations,includingthatofformerPresidentBarackObama,hadhurtthegridbyforcingshutdownsofbaseloadplants,whichprovidenonstoppower,likethosefiredbycoalandnuclearfuel.Theformerpresidenthadintroducedanumberofregulationsintendedtoslashemissionsofcarbondioxide,whichareblamedforclimatechange.Thisacceleratedtheretirementofcoal-firedpowerplantsandbolsteredthenewly-developedsolarandwindsectors,whichdependheavilyonweatherconditionsfortheirpoweroutput.

“Itisapparentthatintoday’scompetitivemarketscertainregulationsandsubsidiesarehavingalargeimpactonthefunctioningofmarkets,andtherebychallengingourpowergenerationmix,”Perrysaidinaletterintroducingthestudy.“Itisimportantforpolicymakerstoconsidertheirintendedandunintendedeffects.”

Thestudy,conductedbythedepartment’sstaff,saidcheapnaturalgaswasthemaindriveroftheclosureofbaseloadcoalandnuclearplants,atrendthatwasputtingareasofthecountryatgreaterriskofpoweroutages.Thedepartmentrecommendedgivingbaseloadplantspricingadvantagesfortheirpower,aswellasmakingiteasierandcheapertogetpermitstobuildmoresuchprojects.

HowardCrystal,aspokesmanfortheCenterforBiologicalDiversitywhichadvocatesforcleanenergy,calledtherecommendations“dangerouslymisguided”.“Therealityisthatwecanprotectourplanetandourenergysuppliesbyembracingwindandsolar,”hesaid.

Somecoalandnuclearenergygroupswelcomedthefinalreport’sfindings.“Thisisamuch-needed,

practicallookatUSelectricityreliabilityandresilience,includingthepriorityofmaintainingcriticalcleanbaseloadpoweraselectricitymarketschange,”saidRichPowell,directorofClearPath,whichadvocatesfornuclearandhydropower.Lastweek,NeilChatterjee,thenewlyappointedchairmanoftheFederalEnergyRegulatoryCommission,saidcoalplantsneededtobe“properlycompensatedtorecognizethevaluetheyprovidetothesystem.”

31.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthat______.

[A]Renewableenergyadvocatesapprovedofthenewfindingsofthestudy

[B]therecently-releasedreporthascausedmuchcontroversy

[C]PresidentTrumppromisedtoboosttraditionalenergyindustry

[D]itisunrealforrenewablepowerplantstokeepthegridreliable

32.WhatistheattitudeofEnergySecretaryRickPerrytowardregulationstheformerpresidentintroducedinenergyindustry?

[A]Prettypositive.

[B]Somewhataffirmative.

[C]Rathercritical.

[D]Totallyindifferent.

33.Mr.Crystalholdsthat__________.

[A]cleanenergycouldmeetourneedinanenvironment-friendlyway

[B]therecommendationscanactasaguideforusingcleanenergy

[C]wecanprotectourplanetbyusingcheaperenergysupplies

[D]thedepartmentjustfocusedonhowtomakemoreprofits

34.Somecoalandnuclearenergygroupssupportedthereportinthat______.

[A]itcompensatedtheindustrybybringenormousfederalfund

[B]itlaidthefoundationforthecoalplants’priorityinenergysupply

[C]itpaiddueattentiontotheimportantrolecleanbaseloadpowerplayed

[D]itprovidedthesystemwithgreatvalueduringelectricitymarketschange

35.Whichofthefollowingbestreflectsthemainideaofthepassage?

[A]Renewableenergywillreplacecoalandnuclearenergy.

[B]U.S.EnergyDepartmentbolstersthenewly-developedsolarandwindsectors.

[C]MorecoalandnuclearplantswillbeclosedintheU.S.

[D]U.S.EnergyDepartmentgridstudycallsforboosttocoalandnuclearpower.

Text4

Somepeoplehavealmostalltheluck.Overthepastyear,asIndia’seconomyhasshrunkbyaroundatenthandtensofmillionsofIndianshavelostjobsorsunkintopoverty,thefortunesofthecountry’stworichestpeoplehaveswollen.GautamAdani,whoseenterprisesspreadfromportstocoalminestofood,hasseenhispersonalwealthmorethandouble,tosome$32bn.MukeshAmbani’sriches,whichderivefromoilrefining,telecomsandretail,amongotherthings,havegrownbyjust25%,albeittoanintimidating$75bn

orso.

Theshareofwealthandincomegoingtothetop1%hasbeenrisingrapidlyinrecentyearsinIndia,asithasbeeninmanycountries.Lastyeartheyhooveredup21.4%ofearnings,justaheadoftheircounterpartsinRussia,accordingtotheWorldInequalityDatabase.CreditSuisse,abank,putstheirshareofIndia’swealthat39%,wellaheadoftherichest1%ofAmericansorChinese.Mostalarmingly,inIndiasomeoftherichhavebecomesuper-richbyusingtheirforcetocrushsmallercompetitorsandthuscornermultiplechunksoftheeconomy.

Thetiltinfortuneshasrewardednotsomuchtechnicalinnovationorproductivitygrowthortheopeningofnewmarketsasthewieldingofpoliticalinfluenceandprivilegedaccesstocapitaltocaptureandprotectexistingmarkets.AstudybyKrishnaKant,ajournalist,revealsthatbetween2014and2018competitionwithintendifferentindustries,fromaviationtotyres,deterioratedmarkedly.

AcrossIndianmarkets,onlythesharesofgiantfirmshavegainedconsistentlyoverthepastdecade,saysRohitChandraofIITDelhi,auniversity.Internationalinvestorshavenoticed,andnowbetincreasinglynotonpromisingnewfirmsbutonbigoldones,whichtheyexpecttogetevenbigger.ThegovernmentboaststhatthefivemonthsfromApriltoAugustsawarecord$36bninforeigninvestment,suggestingthatitswisepolicieshavesustainedconfidenceduringthecovid-19epidemic.Whatittrumpetslessloudlyisthatmorethanhalfofthatmoney,includinghugeamountsofinvestmentsfromFacebookandGoogle,pouredintoMr.Ambani’shandsalone.

SomeofIndia’stycoonshaveprosperedbecausetheyhavelearnednotjusttoweatherunpredictability,buttogamethepoliticalsystem,whichisfailingIndia’spoor.Measuresofmalnutritionandstuntingrevealanalarmingbackwardslideoverthepastyear.Theunemploymentrateshowssomerecoveryfromtheworstofthecovidshock,butthatfailstocapturetheastonishingbleaknessofIndia’slabourmarket.Beforecovidhit,barely40%ofadultswereinpaidwork,accordingtotheCentreforMonitoringtheIndianEconomy,aresearchfirm.Nowonly36%are.Therest,includinglegionsofhousewives,seenopointinevenlookingforajob.

36.AccordingtoParagraph1,theauthorimpliesthatinIndia.

[A]richpeopleshouldattributetheirfortunestoluck

[B]AdaniandAmbanihavegraspedallthemainsections

[C]theeconomyhaswitnessedagrowingprosperitylastyear

[D]theinequalitybetweentherichandpoorisgettingworse

37.Theword“corner”(Line5,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto___.

[A]monopolize

[B]blow

[C]stimulate

[D]promote

38.ThetiltofwealthinIndiamayleadto.

[A]developmentintechnicalinnovationandproductivity

[B]politicalinfluenceinexistingandnewmarkets

[C]increasinglyworseningcompetitioninthemarket

[D]disadvantagedpositionininternationalcompetition

39.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph4?

[A]India’ssuper-richfedbyforeigncapitalarethrivingdisproportionally.

[B]InternationalinvestorsusedtofundsmallcorporationsinIndia.

[C]India’sgovernmenthastakeneffectivemovesagainstinequalityduringtheepidemic.

[D]Mr.Ambanienjoysahighreputationamonginternationalinvestors.

40.FromthelastParagraph,wecanconcludethat.

[A]individualabilitiesofIndiantycoonsplayadecisiveroleinwealthaccumulation

[B]Indianpoliticalinstitutionshouldtaketheblameforitsunhealthyeconomy

[C]theunemploymentrateinIndiahashitthebottomafterthecovidshock

[D]theunemploymentrateraisesaredflagforeconomicdepression

PartB

Directions:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.Forquestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthelistA-Gandfillingthemintothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsCandFhavebeencorrectlyplaced.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

[A]Beforeyoustartwritingareview,youshouldrememberthatadetailedretellingofwhatisgoingoninthepaintingreducesthevalueofthereview:first,itisnotinterestingtoreadthework____itself;secondly,oneofthecriteriaforaweakreviewisrightlyconsideredsubstitutionofanalysisandinterpretationofthetextbyretellingit.Everypaintingbeginswithatitlethatyouinterpretasyoulookatit.Next,afteryouarefinishedpreparingforthewriting,itistimetounderstandhowtowriteanartreview.

[B]Inthenextparagraph,describeallthefeelingsfromwhatyousaw.Youcanexpressadmirationfromtheviewedworkinrapturousform.Forexample:“delightful,”“amazing,”“cool,”“super,”__and“Iwanttoseesuchthepicturedaily,wakingupinthemorning.”Giveanassessmentthatisclosesttoyouintheconversationgenre.

[C]Areviewofaworkofartmustconsistofseveralpoints.Inthefirst