偶極矩的測定實驗數(shù)據(jù)處理Word版

整理為word格式整理為word格式整理為word格式實驗數(shù)據(jù)處理計算各溶液的摩爾分數(shù)濃度x2.表1、實驗數(shù)據(jù)處理表一序號環(huán)己烷質(zhì)量m1（g)乙酸乙酯質(zhì)量m2(g)［1］環(huán)己烷物質(zhì)的量n1（mol）乙酸乙酯物質(zhì)的量n2(mol)摩爾分數(shù)x2119.95230.28270.23710.0032080.013218.97701.04150.22550.011820.050317.93682.10870.21310.023930.101416.81963.14080.19990.035650.151515.71804.30200.18680.048830.207計算過程舉例：（以序號1為例）已知：環(huán)己烷相對分子質(zhì)量M1=84.16g/mol、乙酸乙酯相對分子質(zhì)量M2=88.11g/mol。環(huán)己烷物質(zhì)的量n1=m1/M1=19.9523/84.16=0.2371mol乙酸乙酯物質(zhì)的量n2=m2/M2=0.2827/88.11=0.003208mol溶液的摩爾分數(shù)濃度x2=n2/n1=0.003208/0.2371=0.013計算環(huán)己烷及各溶液的密度ρ溶，作ρ溶—x2圖，由直線斜率求算β值。表2、實驗數(shù)據(jù)處理表二摩爾分數(shù)x2環(huán)己烷的質(zhì)量m1(g)水質(zhì)量m2(g)各溶液密度ρ（g/ml)0.0002.30602.98290.77310.0132.31640.77660.0502.32680.78000.1012.33740.78360.1512.34610.78650.2072.35500.7895整理為word格式整理為word格式整理為word格式由表2實驗數(shù)據(jù)作ρ溶—x2圖如下：計算過程舉例：（純環(huán)己烷為例）ρ環(huán)己烷=m環(huán)己烷/m水=2.3060/2.9829=0.7731(g/ml)由圖1的直線斜率為k=0.0657；根據(jù)公式ρ溶=ρ環(huán)己烷（1+βx2）：k=βρ環(huán)己烷∴β=k/ρ環(huán)己烷=0.0657/0.7731=0.08498作n溶-x2圖，由直線斜率求算γ值。表3、實驗數(shù)據(jù)處理表三摩爾分數(shù)x2折射率n折射率平均值n0.0001.42601.42631.42611.42610.0131.42511.42491.42501.42500.0501.42311.42301.42291.42300.1011.41901.41891.41891.41890.1511.41551.41621.41621.41600.2071.41261.41241.41241.4125計算過程舉例：（以x2=0.000為例）折射率平均值n=（1.4260+1.4263+1.4261）/3=1.4261由表3實驗數(shù)據(jù)作n溶-x2圖，如圖3：整理為word格式整理為word格式整理為word格式由圖2得直線斜率為k=-0.0657；根據(jù)公式：n溶=n環(huán)己烷（1+γx2）得k=γn環(huán)己烷γ=k/n環(huán)己烷=-0.0657/1.4261=-0.04607計算C0、Cd和各溶液的C溶值，求出各溶液的介電常數(shù)，作ε溶-x2圖，由直線斜率求算α值。已知環(huán)己烷的介電常數(shù)溫度公式為：ε環(huán)己烷=2.052-0.00155t實驗室溫度為t=21.9℃，則：ε標=ε環(huán)己烷=2.052-0.00155×21.9=2.018對于環(huán)己烷：C’空=5.66PF,C’標=8.19PFCd=（ε標C’空-C’標）/(ε標-1)=(2.018×5.66-8.19)/(2.018-1)=3.17PF因為近似地認為空氣與真空電容C0相等，即C空=C0，則：C0=C空=C’空-Cd=5.66-3.17=2.49PF各溶液的介電常數(shù)列表如下：摩爾分數(shù)x2C溶（PF）ε溶0.0135.132.060.0505.382.160.1015.772.320.1516.152.470.2076.612.65表4、數(shù)據(jù)處理表四計算過程舉例：（以x2=0.013為例）實驗中測得的C’溶=8.30PF∴C溶=C’溶-Cd=8.30-3.17=5.13PF∴ε溶=C溶/C0=5.13/2.49=2.06由表4實驗數(shù)據(jù)作ε溶-x2圖如下：整理為word格式整理為word格式整理為word格式由上圖可得直線斜率：k=3.07根據(jù)