耳的解剖生理

OtologyAppliedAnatomy&Physiology第1頁(yè)Theearconsistsofthreeparts:external、middle、internal外耳中耳內(nèi)耳第2頁(yè)temporalboneLocatedatthetwosidesofthecranialbone

PartofthelateralwallandbottomofcranialboneItconsistsapartof：middlecranialfossa,Posteriorcranialfossa.第3頁(yè)Anatomyoftemporalbone

Consistsoffiveparts：squamousportion

、tympanicportion

、mastoidportion

、petrousportion

、styloidprocess

第4頁(yè)1.externalear→containstwoparts:auricleandtheexternalauditorymeatus

auricle：HelixTriangularfossaAntihelixConchaTragusAntitragusLobule第5頁(yè)Featuresoftheskin:

.painful.exudation.disfiguration.easytobefroozing第6頁(yè)Auralpseudocyst

第7頁(yè)Congenitalpreauricularfistula

第8頁(yè)externalear

externalauditorymeatusLong2.5～3.5cm

Cartilagiousportion(outer1/3)

Bonyportion(inner2/3)“S”

pullingthepinnaupwards、backwardsandoutwards第9頁(yè)2.middleear

Containsfourparts：

tympaniccavitythepharyngotympanictubethetympanicantrumthemastoidprocess

第10頁(yè)middleear

1.tympaniccavity

ItisacavityfullofgasandlocatesbetweenthetympanicmembraneandtheexternalwalloftheinnerearThreepartsandsixwalls

第11頁(yè)middleear

1.tympaniccavity

Threeparts:MesotympanumEpitympanumHypotympanum.第12頁(yè)middleear1.tympaniccavity

SixwallsofthetympaniccavityThelateralwall:tympanicmembrane

、externalwalloftheatticThemedialwall：thelateralwalloftheinnerearTheanteriorwall：Theposteriorwall：Thesuperiorwall：Theinferiorwall：第13頁(yè)middleear1.tympaniccavity

Thelateralwalltympanicmembrane9mmlong8mmalong

thinkness0.1mm

threelayers:outerskin,middlefibre,innermembrane

45°

第14頁(yè)tympanicmembranestapes鼓索malleusincusFacialnerve咽鼓管鼓竇入口鼓竇乳突氣房第15頁(yè)middleear1.tympaniccavity

Themedialwall(thelateralwallofinnerear)VestibularwindowCochlearwindowProminenceoffacialcanalLateralsemicircularcanal第16頁(yè)外半規(guī)管凸vestibularwindow3.2mm2鼓岬promontory蝸窗cochlearwindow2mm2面神經(jīng)管垂直段

Themedialwall(thelateralwallofinnerear)面神經(jīng)管凸

(水平段)cochleariformprocess第17頁(yè)middleear1.tympaniccavity

Theposteriorwallupperpart-aditus,

theprominenceoflateralsemicircularcanal.Infero-mediapart-Pyramidaleminencebottompart-theperpendicularpartofthefacialnerve第18頁(yè)

頸內(nèi)動(dòng)脈管

internalcarotidarterycanal

Theanteriorwall咽鼓管鼓口

ostiumtympanicumtubaeauditivae鼓膜張肌半管口semicanalisorificetensoristympani第19頁(yè)頸內(nèi)動(dòng)脈管鼓竇蓋鼓室蓋Theinferiorwall:carotidcanal,jugularbulb

Thesuperiorwall:

tegmentympani第20頁(yè)鼓索神經(jīng)鐙骨肌頸靜脈球內(nèi)耳middleear1.tympaniccavityTympaniccontents

Auditoryossicles：malleus、incus、stapesmuscles：ThetensortympanimuscleThestapediusmusclenerves：

第21頁(yè)錘骨malleus鐙骨stapes砧骨incus聽(tīng)骨鏈ossiculachain

middleear

1.tympaniccavity

第22頁(yè)middleear

2.pharyngotympanictube

35㎜longBonypart(lateral1/3)：openCartilaginouspart(inner2/3)closeisthmus：CommunicationbetweenthetympaniccavityandthenasopharynxInchildren：shorter,wider,morehorizontal,straight。第23頁(yè)middleear

2.pharyngotympanictube

第24頁(yè)鼓竇鼓竇入口aditusofantrum乳突氣房上鼓室鼓竇蓋3.Tympanicantrum:第25頁(yè)

氣化型板障型硬化型Fourtypes:

PneumatictypeDiploetictypeSclerotictype4.Mastoidprocess:第26頁(yè)Facialnerve乳突氣房Tympanicmembrance錘骨柄Pneumatictypejugularbulb第27頁(yè)3.Innerear(labyrinth)InthepetrouspartofthetemporalboneContainsimportantperceivingequipmentspfthehearingandposition

第28頁(yè)Innerear(labyrinth)

AccordingtoanatomyandfunctionsemicircularcanalsvestibulecochleaAccordingtohistologyMembranouslabyrinthOsseouslabyrinth第29頁(yè)Innerear(labyrinth)

Osseouslabyrinth第30頁(yè)Innerear(labyrinth)

MembranouslabyrinthEndolymphsystemMembranousductsandmembranoussaces第31頁(yè)Innerear(labyrinth)

VestibuleAntero-inferiorwall：ovoidopening–scalavestibuliofthecochleaPostero-superiorwall：fiveopenings-osseoussemicircularcanalsLateralwall：ovalwindow,portalabyrinthi。第32頁(yè)Innerear(labyrinth)

semicircularcanalslateral（horizontal）anterior（vertical）posterior（vertical）第33頁(yè)Innerear(labyrinth)

Cochlea：Shapedliketheshellofasnail5mminheightWinds2.5～2.75turnsroundthecentralmodiolus

第34頁(yè)Innerear(labyrinth)

Cochlea

innerstructure(threecompartments）Scalavestibuli(perilymph)Scalatympani(perilymph)Scalamedia(endolymph)第35頁(yè)Innerear(labyrinth)

Cochlea

themembranouscochlearduct(organofcorti)第36頁(yè)OrganofCORTI第37頁(yè)CochlearnerveVestibularnerve聽(tīng)覺(jué)皮層耳蝸核丘腦斜方體acousticnerveanditsconductiblepassage

第38頁(yè)P(yáng)hysiologyoftheear

hearing、balanceairconduction、boneconduction第39頁(yè)P(yáng)hysiologyoftheear

OutlineExternalear：collectthesoundwavesMiddleearDrumandossicularchain：increasethesoundintensitylevelEustachiantube：keepthebalancebetweentheinsideandtheoutsideofthemiddleearInnerear：cochlea：conductingsound、perceivingsoundvestibule：balance第40頁(yè)collectthesoundwavesIncreasethesoundpressureby10-12dB

whentheresonantfrequencyofexternalmeatusisabout3800HzProtectthedeepstructureoftheearfromdamaging.Physiologyoftheear

Externalear第41頁(yè)Drumandtheossicularchain：increasethesoundpressureEustachiantube:

keepthebalanceofpressurebetweentheinsideandtheoutsideofthemiddleear

drainage

sounddeadening

againstthereversedinfectionPhysiologyoftheear

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