cloning(基因重組克隆技術(shù))課件

Unit8Unit81TeachingObjectives1.Enlargevocabulary2.Talkabouttheadvantagesanddisadvantagescloningbringstous3.Learntoidentifythewriter’spurpose4.LearntowritealetterofthanksTeachingObjectives1.Enlarge2SectionsSectionA

LegalandMoralImplicationsofCloning

SectionB

WhoWillTakeAdvantageofHumanCloning?

SectionC

TwinsSixYearsApartSectionsSectionALegal3SectionA

LegalandMoralImplicationsofCloningSectionALegalandMo4TableofContents

BackgroundInformationWarming-upActivitiesTextAnalysisVocabularyandStructureVocabularyTestWritingTableofContentsBackgroundI5

Therearedifferenttypesofcloning,andcloningtechnologiescanbeusedforotherpurposesbesidesproducingthegenetictwinofanotherorganism.Thethreetypesofcloningtechnologiesare:(1)recombinantDNAtechnologyorDNAcloning（基因重組克隆技術(shù)）,(2)reproductivecloning（再生克隆技術(shù)）,and(3)therapeuticcloning（干細(xì)胞療法克隆技術(shù)）.Whatiscloning?Therearedifferenttypeso6Dolly,thefirstmammaltobeclonedfromadultDNA,wasputdownbylethalinjectiononFeb.14,2003.Priortoherdeath,Dollyhadbeensufferingfromlungcancerandcripplingarthritis.CelebritySheepDolly(1)Dolly,thefirstmammalto7Althoughmost

FinnDorsetsheeplivetobe11to12yearsofage,postmortemexaminationofDollyseemedtoindicatethat,otherthanhercancerandarthritis,sheappearedtobequitenormal.TheunnamedsheepfromwhichDollywasclonedhaddiedseveralyears

CelebritySheepDolly(2)priortohercreation.Dollywasamothertosixlambs,bredtheold-fashionedway.AlthoughmostFinnDorsets8

Scientistshavebeencloninganimalsformanyyears.In1952,thefirstanimal,atadpole,wascloned.BeforethecreationofDolly,thefirstmammalclonedfromthecellofanadultanimal,cloneswerecreatedfromembryoniccells.SinceDolly,researchershaveclonedanumberoflargeandsmallanimalsincludingsheep,goats,cows,mice,pigs,cats,rabbits,andagaur.Allthesecloneswerecreatedusingnucleartransfertechnology（細(xì)胞核移植技術(shù)）.Whatanimalshavebeencloned?(1)Whatanimalshavebeencloned?9Dolly

Clonedmonkeys

Firstclonedmule

Whatanimalshavebeencloned?(2)DollyClonedmonkeysFirstclo10Clonedtwingoats

Firstclonedhorse

FirstclonedcatClonedtwingoatsFirstcloned11

Reproductivecloningisexpensiveandhighlyinefficient.Morethan90%ofcloningattemptsfailtoproduceviableoffspring.Morethan100nucleartransferprocedurescouldberequiredtoproduceoneviableclone.Inadditiontolowsuccessrates,clonedanimalstendtohavemorecompromisedimmunefunctionandhigherratesofinfection,tumorgrowth,andotherdisorders.Whataretherisksofcloning?

(1)

Reproductivecloningi12

Japanesestudieshaveshownthatclonedmiceliveinpoorhealthanddieearly.Aboutathirdoftheclonedcalvesbornalivehavediedyoung,andmanyofthemwereabnormallylarge.Manyclonedanimalshavenotlivedlongenoughtogenerategooddataabouthowclonesage.Appearinghealthyatayoungageunfortunatelyisnotagoodindicatoroflongtermsurvival.Cloneshavebeenknowntodiemysteriously.Whataretherisksofcloning?(2)

Japanesestudieshav13GroupDiscussions(1)1.

Asfarasyouknow,whataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesthatcloningbringstous?Somefataldiseasescanbecuredwiththeapplicationofcloning;therateofsuccessinorgantransplantwillbegreatlyimproved;andtheinfertilecouplesarehopefultohavetheirownbabies,etc.However,itmaybringconfusionandfeartous;itwillthreatenhumansocietyanddignity;andthoseclonesmayfeelmiserableiftheyaretreatedasorgandonorsinsteadofindependenthumanbeings.GroupDiscussions(1)1.As14GroupDiscussions(2)

2.ShouldHumansbecloned?Duetotheinefficiencyofanimalcloningandthelackofunderstandingaboutthistechnology,I’mstronglyagainstit.Notonlydomostattemptstoclonemammalsfail,severalclonedanimalshavediedprematurelyfrominfections.Moreover,wedon’tknowhowcloningcouldimpact

mentaldevelopment,whichiscrucialforthedevelopmentofhealthyhumans.Withsomanyunknownsconcerningreproductivecloning,theattempttoclonehumansatthistimeisconsidered

potentiallydangerousandethicallyirresponsible.

GroupDiscussions(2)2.Shoul15ComprehensionoftheText(1)Howdidtheworldreacttothefirstsuccessfullyclonedsheep?Theworldwasamazedbythenewsatfirst,thenworriedaboutandpuzzledoveralonglistofwildpossibilities.ComprehensionoftheText(1)H16ComprehensionoftheText(2)2.Whatarethetwobroadcategorieshumancloningsituationsoftenfallinto?Oneofthesituationsisthatparentswanttocloneachildwhocanserveeitherasatransplantdonororasasubstitutefortheoriginal.Thesecondisthatadultswanttoclonethemselvesforavarietyofreasons.ComprehensionoftheText(2)217ComprehensionoftheText(3)3.Accordingtotheauthor,whyaretwinsmorealikethanclones?

Becauseclonesareonlyphysicallyidenticalwhiletwinssharethesameenvironmentwithinthemotherandareusuallyraisedinthesamefamily.ComprehensionoftheText(3)318ComprehensionoftheText(4)4.Biologicallyspeaking,whatistheonlypossiblemajordifferencebetweenacloneandtheoriginal?Theonlypossiblemajordifferenceisbearingchildren,asscientistsarenotsureifDollywillbeabletohavelambs.ComprehensionoftheText(4)419ComprehensionoftheText(5)5.Whydosomeparentswanttosavetheirfatallyillchildthroughcloning?6.Couldclonedanimalsbeusedasorgandonors?Becausecloningwouldincreasethechancesforatissuematchfrom25percenttonearly100percent.If

technologywasimproved,thiscouldberealized.ComprehensionoftheText(5)520ComprehensionoftheText(6)7.HowdidJudithMartinsuggestreferringtoone’sDNAdonors?8.Whatisthegravestconcernabouthumancloningforsociety?Itmightbepropertorefertothemas“Mosthonoredsirormadam”.Thecreationofanewanddisrespectedsocialclass:theclones.ComprehensionoftheText(6)721MainideaofthetextWhenaworldwithhumancloneswassuddenlywithinreach,people’sreactionstoitwerestrongandvaried.Theypuzzledoveranumberofquestionsaboutthelegalandmoralimplicationsthathadarisenfromcloning.TextAnalysis(1)MainideaofthetextWhenaw22TextAnalysis(2)MainIdeasofEachPartPartI(Para.1)PartII(Paras.2-3)PartIII(Paras.4-18)PartIV(Paras.19)Withthesuccessofcloninganadultmammal,theworldwassuddenlybroughtintotherealityofhumancloning.Thispartisabouttheworld’sstrongandimmediateresponsesinthewakeofWilmut’sannouncement.Thispartofferscompleteorpartialanswers,fromtheup-to-dateknowledge,tothesixquestionsonthelegalandmoralimplicationsofcloning.Thispartisintendedtoreaffirmtheauthor’sopinionthat,althoughthelistofquestionscouldgoon,peoplearejustbeginningtowonderaboutthefutureoftheworldaftercloning.TextAnalysis(2)MainIdeasof23implicationprohibitmountresembleminorfataldeliberateclassify

wordthat…/of…

succeedindoing

draftguidelinesfor

fallinto

intheory

beidenticalto/with

intermsof

beconcernedabout

becomparable/similartoWordsandExpressionsimplicationwordthat…/of…Wor24Structures1.Typicalpatternsforadvancingone’sarguments2.Typicalpatternsforcomparisonandcontrast3.Typicalpatternsforshowingsb.’sreactionstosth.Structures1.Typicalpatterns25implication

n.

sth.thatissuggestedorsth.thatisnotopenlystated含義，暗示Hesmiled,buttheimplicationwasthathedidn'tbelieveme.他微微一笑,但這一笑暗示著他不相信我的話。2.

involvingorbeinginvolved,esp.inacrime牽連，卷入Theimplicationofthegeneralmanagerinthecriminalcasefurthercomplicatedthewholesituation.總經(jīng)理卷入這件刑事訴訟案使整個(gè)形勢(shì)進(jìn)一步復(fù)雜化了。implicationn.sth.thatissu26prohibitvt.

fobid,esp.bylaworrule;prevent;makeimpossible禁止，使不可能，阻止

Smokingisstrictlyprohibitedintheprocessofhandlingexplosivematerials.

在處理易爆物時(shí),嚴(yán)格禁止吸煙。Theloudnessofthemusicprohibitsseriousconversationinmostnightclubs.

大多數(shù)夜總會(huì)里音樂(lè)聲很響，沒(méi)法進(jìn)行嚴(yán)肅的談話。prohibitvt.fobid,esp.by27mountvi./vt.(1)vi.increasegraduallyesp.inawaythatmakesasituationworse

增加，上升Fourdaysaftertheaccident,thedeathtollcontinuedtomount.

事故發(fā)生的四天之后，死亡人數(shù)在繼續(xù)上升。IreallyfeelsorryfortheoldladywhenIfindshecanmountthestairsonlywithdifficulty.

當(dāng)我發(fā)現(xiàn)這位老婦人上樓梯十分艱難時(shí)感到十分難過(guò)。vt.1.gouporonto登上mountvi./vt.(1)vi.increase28mountvi./vt.(2)vt.2.prepareandproduce,organize準(zhǔn)備并進(jìn)行，組織Theunitedopponentpartiesaregettingreadytomountapowerfulattackonthegovernment.

聯(lián)合起來(lái)的反對(duì)黨正準(zhǔn)備向政府發(fā)動(dòng)有力的攻勢(shì)。mountvi./vt.(2)vt.2.prepar29resemblevt.

lookorbelike;

besimilar,esp.inappearanceto(sb./sth.)

像，類(lèi)似

Sheresembleshermotherinthewayshemovesherhandswhenshetalks.

她說(shuō)話時(shí)打手勢(shì)的動(dòng)作像她媽媽。

Wehaveproducedaclothmadeofpineapplefiber,closelyresemblingcottonbutstronger.

我們生產(chǎn)出了一塊由菠蘿纖維制成的衣料，很像棉布但質(zhì)地更結(jié)實(shí)。resemblevt.lookorbelik30minora./n.a.smallerorlesserindegree,size,numbersorimportancewhencomparedwithothers較小的，較少的；低級(jí)的，次要的

Theimportantthingistofinishitquickly;costisonlyarelativelyminorconsideration.

重要的是盡快完成，相對(duì)而言，費(fèi)用是次要考慮的事。n.apersonwhoisbelowtheageatwhichheorshebecomesanadultlegally未成年人

InBritainyouareaminoruntilyouareeighteen.

在英國(guó)，你不滿十八歲就是未成年人。minora./n.a.smallerorles31fatala.

a.veryseriousandhavinganimportantbadeffectinthefutureor(ofillness,accidents,etc.)causingdeath

決定命運(yùn)的，致命的

Globalwarmingisfataltotheworldandthereforescientistsinonewaveafteranothertrytoawakenustothegrowingthreatofglobalwarming.

全球變暖對(duì)于世界的影響是災(zāi)難性的，因此科學(xué)家們不斷呼吁我們要警惕日益嚴(yán)重的全球變暖的危險(xiǎn)。

Itisfataltodriveafterdrinkingalcoholandexceedthespeedlimit.Suchdrivinghabitscanleadtofatalaccidents.

酒后駕車(chē)和超速駕駛會(huì)帶來(lái)嚴(yán)重后果。這些駕駛惡習(xí)會(huì)導(dǎo)致致命的車(chē)禍。fatala.a.veryseriousan32deliberatea./vi./vt.

(1)a.1.planned故意的，蓄意的

Heistheverywitnesswhotestifiesunderoaththatthefirewhichhadbrokenoutinthecompanywasdeliberate.

他就是那個(gè)證人，他發(fā)誓證明公司發(fā)生的火災(zāi)是有人蓄意放的。

2.moving,acting,orthinkingslowlyandusu.carefully謹(jǐn)慎的，慎重的

Whenconfrontedwithsuchadelicatesituation,youaresupposedtotakedeliberateactions.

面臨如此微妙的局面，你應(yīng)該采取謹(jǐn)慎的行動(dòng)。deliberatea./vi./vt.(1)a.33deliberatea./vi./vt.

(2)vt./vi.thinkortalkseriouslyandcarefullyabout認(rèn)真考慮，研討Thesenatehasbeendeliberatingthequestionforthreedays.三天來(lái)參議院一直在仔細(xì)斟酌這個(gè)問(wèn)題。Theymettodeliberateonpossiblesolutionstotheproblem.

他們開(kāi)會(huì)仔細(xì)研討解決問(wèn)題的辦法。deliberatea./vi./vt.(2)vt./v34classifyvt.

dividethingsintogroupsaccordingtotype分類(lèi)，歸類(lèi)

Thebooksinthelibraryareclassifiedby/accordingtosubject.

圖書(shū)館里的書(shū)籍是按題材分類(lèi)的。

Wouldyouclassifyhernovelsasseriousliteratureorasmereentertainment?

你認(rèn)為她的小說(shuō)屬于“嚴(yán)肅文學(xué)”類(lèi)，還是“純娛樂(lè)”類(lèi)？classifyvt.dividethings35wordthat…/of…關(guān)于······的消息關(guān)于食品價(jià)格即將大幅上漲的消息在街上傳得很快。Wordthattherewouldbegreatincreasein

foodpriceshasbeenspreadfastonthestreets.wordthat…/of…關(guān)于······的消息關(guān)于食品36succeedindoingsth.

成功地做了某事如果他們成功地達(dá)成了停火協(xié)議，聯(lián)合國(guó)將派駐維和部隊(duì)。Iftheysucceedinestablishingacease-fire,theUNwillsendinpeace-keepingforces.succeedindoingsth.成功地做了某事如37draftguidelinesfor…為······起草指導(dǎo)方針?biāo)χ鵀橄略碌难葜v比賽起草演講稿。

Shewasbusydraftingherspeechfornextmonth’sspeechcontest.draftguidelinesfor…為······起38fallinto可分成；屬于物以類(lèi)聚，人以群分。

Thingsofakindcometogether;peopleofamindfallintoagroup.fallinto可分成；屬于物以類(lèi)聚，人以群分。39intheory在理論上你的計(jì)劃理論上聽(tīng)起來(lái)不錯(cuò)，但我不知道實(shí)際上是否行得通。Yourplansoundsfineintheory,butIdon’heory在理論上你的計(jì)劃理論上聽(tīng)起來(lái)不錯(cuò)，但40beidenticalto/with與······一模一樣；就等于

他的意見(jiàn)似乎和我的一樣，這真的是我沒(méi)有料想到的。Itseemsthathisopinionisidenticaltomine,whichisreallyoutofmyexpectation.beidenticalto/with與······41intermsof從······方面（來(lái)說(shuō)）；根據(jù)；按照令我大為吃驚的是，現(xiàn)在他考慮任何事情都從金錢(qián)的角度出發(fā)。Tomygreatsurprise,ermsof從······方面（來(lái)說(shuō)）；根據(jù)42beconcernedabout/over擔(dān)心，擔(dān)憂

作為成年人，我們應(yīng)該關(guān)注非洲兒童的健康成長(zhǎng)問(wèn)題。Asadults,weshouldbedeeplyconcernedaboutthehealthygrowthofthechildreninAfrica.beconcernedabout/over擔(dān)心，擔(dān)43becomparable/similarto可與······相比；類(lèi)似于在一些人眼里，愛(ài)情就像是個(gè)迷宮，充滿了誘惑和陷阱。Intheeyesofsomepeople,loveiscomparabletoamaze,fullofluresandtraps.becomparable/similarto可與441.Typicalpatternsforadvancingone’sarguments原句:Ifclonedanimalscouldbeused

asorgandonors,wewouldn’thavetoworryaboutcloningtwinsfortransplants.(L.48)

如果把克隆的動(dòng)物用作器官捐贈(zèng)，那我們就不必考慮為器官移植而克隆雙胞胎了。句型提煉Ifsb./sth.couldbe/dosth.,wewouldn’thavetoworryabout(doing)sth.else.假如某人/某物可能是/做某事，我們不必?fù)?dān)心······1.Typicalpatternsforadvanc45

應(yīng)用：如果每個(gè)人都能夠認(rèn)識(shí)到自然資源并非取之盡，那我們就不必再擔(dān)心人們對(duì)資源的盲目開(kāi)發(fā)了。Ifeveryonecouldrealizenaturalresourcesarenotinexhaustible,wewouldn’thavetoworryaboutanyblindexploitationofthem.應(yīng)用：如果每個(gè)人都能夠認(rèn)識(shí)到自然資源并非取之盡，那我們就462.Typicalpatternsforcomparisonandcontrast(1)原句:LiketheTheoryofRelativity,thesplittingoftheatom,andthefirstspace

flight,

Dolly’sappearancehasgenerated

alonglistofdifficultpuzzlesforscientists,politicians,andphilosophers.(L.11)就像相對(duì)論、原子裂變和第一次太空飛行一樣，多莉的出現(xiàn)給科學(xué)家、政治家和哲學(xué)家們提出了一長(zhǎng)串難以解答的問(wèn)題。2.Typicalpatternsforcompar47Likesth.else,theappearance/arrival/birth/inventionofsth.newgenerates/produces/makes…像某些事/物一樣，某事/物的出現(xiàn)/誕生/發(fā)明產(chǎn)生/帶來(lái)了······句型提煉應(yīng)用：就像歷史上的任何一場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)一樣，伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)給世界帶來(lái)了一長(zhǎng)串的戰(zhàn)后難題。Likeanyotherwarsinhistory,theIraqwarhasgeneratedalonglistofdifficultpostwarproblemsfortheworldLikesth.else,theappe483.Typicalpatternsforshowingsb.’sreactionstosth.原句:Inthewakeof

Wilmut’sannouncement,

governmentshurriedto

draftguidelinesfortheunknown,afuturefilledwithincrediblepossibilities.(L.6)就在威爾莫特宣告成功之后，為了一個(gè)未知世界，一個(gè)充滿各種不可思議的可能性的未來(lái)，各國(guó)政府立即起草指導(dǎo)方針。句型提煉Inthewakeofsth.,sb.hurries/beginsto…在某事之后，某人急著/開(kāi)始······3.Typicalpatternsforshowin49應(yīng)用：那次失敗以后，他急著尋找機(jī)會(huì)重新證明自己。Inthewakeofthatfailure,hehurriedtolookforchancesofreprovinghimself.應(yīng)用：那次失敗以后，他急著尋找機(jī)會(huì)重新證明自己。In50VocabularyTest

Directions:ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.1.Tounderstandthe_______ofasituation,wehavetoknowsomethingaboutthekindofsituation.A.passagesB.relationsC.implicationsD.findingsC.implicationsVocabularyTestDirections:512.Thetension______astheguestofhonorwasabouttoannouncethewinner.A.climbedB.raisedC.descendedD.mounted

3.Isuspectthisis_______attempttodiscredittheircritics.A.anintentionalB.adeliberateC.apurposefulD.aconsidered

4.

Salariesfor______positionsseemtobehigherthanforpermanentones.A.legalB.optionalC.voluntaryD.temporaryD.mountedB.adeliberateD.temporary2.Thetension______astheg525.Researchuniversitieshavetokeepupwiththelatestcomputerandscientifichardware______price.A.onaccountofB.regardlessofC.inadditiontoD.nottomention6.Theship’sgeneratorbrokedown,andthepumpshadtobeoperated______insteadofmechanically.A.manuallyB.artificiallyC.automaticallyD.synthetically7.Firstpublishedin1927,thechartsremainan______sourceforresearches.A.identicalB.indispensableC.intelligentD.inevitable

B.regardlessofA.manuallyB.indispensable5.Researchuniversitieshavet538.

Harry_____hispantsattheseams(接縫)whenhebentover.A.sliced B.splitC.cracked D.broke9.Theboycyclinginthestreetwasknockeddownbyaminibusandreceived____injuries.A.fatal B.excessiveC.radical D.exaggerated10.Rememberthatcustomersdon’t______aboutpricesinthatcity.

A.debateB.consultC.disputeD.bargain

B)splitA.fatalD.bargain8.Harry_____hispantsatth54Directions:Fillintheblankswiththephrasesgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.1.Ididn’tknowtheword.Ihadto_______adictionary.2.Airportsecuritywasextratight____________yesterday’sbombattacks.succeedindoingworkforwithinreachregardlessofbeidenticaltofallintoprovideforinthewakeofrefertointermsofbeconcernedaboutaswellrefertointhewakeofDirections:Fillinthebla553.Theastronauts__________returningfromthemoontotheearthaccordingtotheplan.4.Hewentahead__________allwarningsaboutthedangerofhismission.5.Hehasnever________________whatotherpeoplethinkofhim.succeedindoingworkforwithinreachregardlessofbeidenticaltofallintoprovideforinthewakeofrefertointermsofbeconcernedaboutaswellsucceededin

regardlessofbeenconcernedabout3.Theastronauts__________r56succeedindoingworkforwithinreachregardlessofbeidenticaltofallintoprovideforinthewakeofrefertointermsofbeconcernedaboutaswell6.__________customersatisfaction,thepolicycannotbecriticized.7.Hisbehavior__________betrayingus.8.Therulesofsafedriving______everyone.9.He’sgrownsomuchthatnoweventhetopofshelfis_____________.10.Thisbook_________theclassofmodernfiction.Intermsofisidenticaltoworkforwithin(his)reachfallsintosucceedindoingworkf57Writing

感謝信

LetterofThanks

寫(xiě)作方法

參考范文Writing感58appreciate感激appropriate恰當(dāng)?shù)腷eyondwords難以言表convey傳達(dá)awesome棒極了beobligedto感激的considerate體貼的indebted感恩的generous慷慨的grateful感激的gratitude感激之情heartfelt衷心的hospitality好客，熱情款待thankful感謝的kindness好意thoughtful考慮周到的understanding善解人意的unselfishassistance無(wú)私的幫助makelastingimpressions留下永久的記憶cherish/treasure珍藏，珍視extendheartfeltthanks表達(dá)衷心的感謝Usefulwordsandphrasesappreciate感激59UsefulSentencePatterns1.

Iamgratefultoyoufor...我非常感激你的……2.

Iamgreatlyindebtedtoyouforallyouhavedoneforme.我十分感激你為我所做的一切。3.Itakethisopportunitytoexpresstoyoumydeepappreciationforthekindassistanceyourenderedme.我借此機(jī)會(huì)對(duì)你所給予我的幫助表示深深的謝意。4.Manythanksforyourkindnessandhospitality.

多謝你的好意和好客。5.Wordsfailtoconveymygratitudetoyou.

感激之情，難以言表。

UsefulSentencePatterns1.Ia60UsefulSentencePatterns6.Thankssomuchforthegiftyousentme.

It'soneofthemostwonderfulgiftsIgotonmybirthday.非常感謝你送給我的禮物,這是我生日時(shí)收到的最好的禮物之一。7.Nothingwill

beabletoeraseourfondmemories,andwewillnurturethemforever.沒(méi)有什么能抹掉我們美好的記憶，我們會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)銘記在心。UsefulSentencePatterns6.Tha61WritingProcessOpening1.

Statethepurposeofyourletter.

表明寫(xiě)信目的。2.

Expresssinceregratitudetothereceiver.

向收信人表示誠(chéng)摯的感謝。WritingProcessOpening62WritingProcessBody1.

Recallthehappyminute/event.

回憶快樂(lè)時(shí)光(事件)。2.

Highlypraisethepastfavor.

高度評(píng)價(jià)(贊賞)收信人的幫助。3.

Listthereasonswhyyouaregratefultotherecipient.

列舉為何對(duì)收信人心存感激。4.

Expressyourfeeling.表達(dá)你的感受(感情)。WritingProcessBody63WritingProcessEnding1.

Restateyourgreatappreciationforthefavorandhelprenderedtoyou.再次表達(dá)你對(duì)收信人的幫助的謝意。2.

Expressyourwishtohavetheopportunitytoreciprocate/repaythepastfavor.希望有機(jī)會(huì)回報(bào)收信人的好意和幫助。WritingProcessEnding64WritingPractice

ALetterofThanks1.向?qū)Ψ窖?qǐng)自己到家里做客表示感謝。2.回憶在對(duì)方家庭度周末的快樂(lè)時(shí)光。3.再次表達(dá)對(duì)對(duì)方款待的謝意。WritingPractice65WritingPractice1.首先，在引言部分，應(yīng)表明自己的寫(xiě)信目的，并向?qū)Ψ奖硎菊\(chéng)摯的感謝。2.接著，在正文部分，回憶在對(duì)方家庭度周末的快樂(lè)時(shí)光。可以從以下兩點(diǎn)切入：1）描寫(xiě)對(duì)方的熱情款待

2）表達(dá)自己心中的感受。3.最后，在結(jié)尾部分，應(yīng)再次表達(dá)對(duì)對(duì)方款待的謝意，并表達(dá)希望有機(jī)會(huì)回報(bào)對(duì)方的好意和幫助的心情。WritingPractice1.首先，在引言部分，應(yīng)表66ReferenceModel

DearMr.

Ng,ItisapleasuretowritethisletterbecauseitgivesmeanopportunitytotellyouhowmuchIenjoyedyourhospitalitylastweekend.

ItwasmyfirstvisittoanAmericanfamilyand,

atfirst,

IwasveryanxiousaboutmylimitedEnglishandmyknowledgeofAmericancustoms.

ThenIsawyouandyourchildrenwaitingformeatthestationwithwarmsmilesofwelcomeandyourwonderfulfamilyputmeateaserightaway.ReferenceModelDearMr.Ng67ReferenceModel

TherearemanyhappymemoriesoftheweekendthatIwillkeepwithmeforever.

I

willrememberthatyoumademefeelathome.Thereweresomanynewanddifferentthingsformetoseeanddo.Iparticularlyenjoyeddrivingthroughthecountrysideandseeingthecharmingcolorsoftheleavesonthetrees.

Ilikedplayingbaseballwithyourlovelysonanddaughter,

ChainandLinda.

Theywerepatientwithmeandfulloffun.

TellthemIwillteachthemhowtoplay

soccernexttime.

ReferenceModelTherea68ReferenceModel

IalsohadagoodtimeatthecommunitysquaredanceonSaturdaynight.

Itwasmyfirstsquaredance,

andIcannotforgethowfriendlyandkindeveryonearoundwas.IambackatschoolnowandIamveryhappybecauseIknownowarealAmericanfamilyanditisoneofthenicestfamiliesIhaveevermet.

BecausemyEnglishisstillnotverygood,I

cannotexpressmyfeelingsbetter.

Icanonlysay"thankyou"

andhopethat

somedayyouwillvisitmycountryandIcanreturnyourhospitality.

Sincerelyyours,WendyWu

ReferenceModelIalso69SectionBWhowillTakeAdvantageofHumanCloningSectionBWhowillTakeAdvanta70TableofContentsReadingComprehensionVocabularyStudyVocabularyTest

TableofContentsReadingCompr71ReadingComprehension(1)1.Whydidthepublicfeelpanicatthenewsthatscientistshadclonedasheep?

Becausetheywereworriedthathumancloningmaycomesoon.2.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardshumancloning?

Whilehumancloningmightnotoffergreatbenefitstohumanity,noonehasyetmadeaconvincingcasethatitwoulddoanyrealharm,either.ReadingComprehension(1)1.W72ReadingComprehension(2)3.Whoholdtheideathatcloningahumanconstitutesagrossattackonhumandignity?

Theconservativespiritualleaders.4.Accordingtotheauthor,whydomanyofthevividwarningsofscience-fictionconcerningtheprospectofhumancloningturnouttobeimprobable?

Becauseparentsofidenticaltwinsdon’tviewonechildasanorganfarmfortheother.ReadingComprehension(2)3.Who73ReadingComprehension(3)5.Whatistheotherdisturbingthoughtabouthumancloningmentionedinthepassage?

Itwillleadtoeffortstobreedindividualswithgeneticqualitiesperceivedasdesirable.6.Inademocracywhatdowedoaboutthingswedon’tknowwell?

Wedon’tpasslawsagainstthembeforethereisactualorprobableevidenceofharm.ReadingComprehension(3)5.Wh74ReadingComprehension(4)7.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestweshoulddobeforewegoanyfurtherintotheexperimentofhumancloning?

Torequireatemporarypauseonresearchintohumancloninginordertomakeasystematicenquiryintothegravequestionsitraises.8.Whatisthemoreimportantthingabouthumancloningaccordingtotheauthor?

Itshouldbegovernedbythesamelawsthatnowprotecthumanrights.ReadingComprehension(4)7.Wha75VocabularyStudy

panic

constitute

voluntary

consent

artificial

dispose

resume

attheprospectof/that

growoutof

makesense

turnout(tobe)

perceiveas

carryout

makeanenquiryintoVocabularyStudypanicat76panic

n./vt.n.(a)

suddenverystrongfeelingofanxietyandfear恐慌，驚慌

Whenthetheatercaughtfire,therewasapanicamongthecrowd.

劇院失火時(shí)，在人群中引起一陣恐慌。Vt.

(causesb./sth.to)beaffectedwithpanic（使）驚慌

Whentheearthquaketookplace,hepanickedandranasfastashecouldtosafety.

當(dāng)?shù)卣鸢l(fā)生時(shí)他很驚慌，趕快跑到安全地方。panicn./vt.n.(a)suddenvery77constitutevt.

1.beorbeconsideredas是，構(gòu)成

Correctgrammarandsentencestructuredonotinthemselvesconstitutegoodwriting.

正確的語(yǔ)法和句子結(jié)構(gòu)本身并不能構(gòu)成一篇好文章。2.formormakeupsth.組成，構(gòu)成"England,Wales,Scotland,andNorthernIrelandconstitute/compose/makeuptheUnitedkingdom."

英格蘭、威爾士、蘇格蘭和北愛(ài)爾蘭組成聯(lián)合王國(guó)。constitutevt.1.beorbecon78voluntary

a.

done,made,orgivenwillingly,withoutbeingforcedorpaidtodoit自愿的，志愿的

Numerousvoluntaryorgandonorsareneededt