機械安全培訓課件（中英雙板）

培訓講師：XXX誠信求實敬業(yè)感恩機械安全培訓MACHINESAFETYTRAININGPROGRAM培訓和日期：XXX企業(yè)的責任

Responsibilityoftheemployers為員工提供一個安全健康的工作場所，遠離可能導致死亡或者肢體損傷的危險源Is

to

provide

a

safe

and

healthy

work

place

for

theiremployees;

which

is

free

from

recognized

hazards

likelyto

cause

death

or

physical

harm企業(yè)是否可以保護/防止工人遭受工傷？Canemployersprotect/preventworkersfromworkplaceinjuries?YES！目錄/CONTENTS01020304確定機械安全危險源IdentifyingMachinerySafetyHazards控制或排除機械危險源ControloreliminateMachineryHazards安全干預SafetyInterventionsPersonalProtectiveEquipment個人防護用品第一章Part01確定機械安全危險源IDENTIFYING

MACHINE

SAFETYHAZARDS110306001200？/2400？更多事故金字塔IncidentPyramid(Serious

Accident)嚴重的傷害事故(Slight

Accident)輕微的傷害事故(Property

loss

Accident)財產(chǎn)損失事故(Accident/Incidence)事故準事故/未遂事故Nearmiss(Deviation/Hazards)偏差/隱患(Lackofcontrolormanagementsystem)缺乏控制/管理體系不足機械的運動部件所帶有的動能可能會對人員造成傷害。Machineshavemovingparts.Theactionofmovingpartsmayhavesufficientforceinmotiontocauseinjurytopeople.技術概要TECHNICALOVERVIEW技術概要TECHNICALOVERVIEWCommonmechanicalhazardsandassociatedrisksformachineryandequipmentareshownbelow以下是常見的機械傷害以及相關的機械設備:

危險源HAZARD風險 RISK 描述DESCRIPTION 圖示PICTORIALREPRESENTATION傳送帶和滑輪Conveyor

belts,pulleys機械臂和移動機械Roboticarmsandmobilemachinery擦傷Abrasion沖撞ImpactCausedbyfrictionbetweenmovingpartandskin.由皮膚和運動部件的摩擦造成由運動部件對肢體的撞擊（未穿透）造成Caused

when

bodypart

struck

(but

notpenetrated)

bymoving

part.Rotating

shafts,pullies,

sprocketsand

gears轉軸，滑輪，鏈齒和齒輪移動接觸的堅硬表面Hardsurfacesmovingtogether移動或靜止的尖銳邊緣Sharpedge–movingorstationary 絞入Entanglement 粉碎性傷害Crushing 割傷或刺傷CuttingorpuncturingCausedwhenbodypartbecomescaughton/inmachineparts.由肢體卷入機械部件的造成當機械部件相互撞擊，肢體處于撞擊區(qū)域之間造成Causedwhenmachinepartsmovetowardseachotherandbodypartiscaughtinbetween由肢體被移動部件穿刺造成Causedwhenbodypartpuncturedbymovingpart技術概要TECHNICALOVERVIEW機械危害的根源及性質TheRootCauseOfMechanicalHazards01030204人的因素Personal

Factors在生產(chǎn)活動中,來自人員或人為性質的危害和有害因素.The

dangerous

and

hazard

factors

from

the

product

activity.物的因素MaterialFactors機械,設備,設施,材料等方面存在的危險和有害因素.Thedangerousandhazardfactorsfrommachine,equipment,facilityandmaterial環(huán)境因素EnvironmentFactors生產(chǎn)環(huán)境中的危險和有害因素.Thedangerousandhazardfactorsfromtheproductionenvironment.管理因素ManagementFactors管理和管理責任缺失所導致的危險和有害因素.Thedangerousandhazardfactorsduetolackofmanagementandmanagementresponsibility確定危險源的步驟PROCESSFORIDENTIFYINGHAZARDS在尋找可能的機械危險源的時候，請關注以下機械設備：Whenreviewingmachineryandequipmentforpossiblemechanicalhazards,consider:Machineryandequipment人員可以接觸到的靜止機械設備。Stablemachinethatcanbereachedbypeople人員可以接觸到運動部件的機械設備。Withmovingpartsthatcanbereachedbypeople可以彈射出物件（部件，零件，產(chǎn)品或者廢料）而且彈射力足以造成傷害的機械設備 Thatcanejectobjects(parts,components,productsorwasteitems)thatmaystrikea personwithsufficientforcetocauseharm 有移動部件如吊臂或者機械臂可以接觸到人員的機械設備。Withmovingpartsthatcanreachpeoplesuchasboomsormechanicalarms 在人員可能進入的地點操作的移動機械設備，如叉車，托盤千斤頂，推土機等。 Mobilemachineryandequipment,suchasforklifts,palletjacks,earthmovingequipment, operatedinareaswherepeoplemaygainaccess.了解機械危險源Understanding

Mechanical

hazards

常見的機械危險源TheCommonMechanicalHazards確定危險源的步驟PROCESSFORIDENTIFYINGHAZARDS常見的機械危險源TheCommonMechanicalHazards確定危險源的步驟PROCESSFORIDENTIFYINGHAZARDS確定危險源的步驟PROCESSFORIDENTIFYINGHAZARDS通過工作活動的種類了解常見危險源Understandingcommonhazardsbytypeofworkplaceactivity操作機器設備的人員:Peopleoperatingmachinesandequipmentcould被要求將雙手放在靠近機器設備的工作點，可能受到移動部件的傷害Berequiredtoplacetheirhandsclosetothemechanismofthemachineryorequipmentthatdoesthework,andmaybeinjuredifcaughtortrappedbymovingparts暴露于持續(xù)的有害噪音，放射性的能量或者靠近的機械設備排放的廢氣Beexposedtoconstantharmfulnoise,radiatedenergyorfumesbeingemittedfrommachineryandequipmenttheyareoperatingorarecloseto不小心地觸碰到錯誤放置的控制桿或控制按鈕Inadvertentlybumporknockpoorlyplacedcontrolleversorbuttons被要求在運作的機械設備上進行調(diào)試Berequiredtomakeadjustmentstothemechanismofmachineryandequipmentwhilethemachineisinmotion被要求清理殘留物料Berequiredtoclearawayscrap確定危險源的步驟PROCESSFORIDENTIFYINGHAZARDSPeoplewhoinstallordismantlemachinesandequipmentcould安裝或者拆解機械設備的人員:Workinisolation在絕緣條件下工作Workonmachinesandequipmentatheightorovermachineryorequipmenttoconnectservices(suchaselectricity,airorwater)在機械頂部或者在高處的機械設備上連接管線，如接電，接水，接氣Workinlowlightorwithbrightdirectionallight在低光線或者明亮的直射光線下Accessmachineryandequipmentfromthetop,sidesorunderneath 接觸到機械頂部，底部，邊緣Workwith/nearcranes,forkliftorriggingtoliftmachineryandequipment 在塔吊，叉車,吊索附近工作Workinconfinedspaces在有限空間內(nèi)工作Usepowertools,welders,extensionleads,whichpresentelectricalhazardsifdamagedorwet如果設備損壞或者潮濕,使用電動工具,電焊,延長導線可能帶來電氣危險確定危險源的步驟PROCESSFORIDENTIFYINGHAZARDSPeopleprovidingmaintenanceorrepairservicescould維護維修設備的人員:Accessmachinesandequipmentfromtherearsides從機械設備后部接觸設備Needtoenterconfinedspacesoflargermachineryandequipment 需要進入大型機械設備內(nèi)部空間Betrappedbymechanismofthemachineryandequipmentthroughpoorisolationofenergysourcesorstoredenergy,suchasspringloadedorcounterbalancemechanisms,compressedairorfluidsorpartsheldinpositionbyhydraulicsorpneumatic(air)rams可能接觸到機械設備中絕緣較差的情況,或者設備中內(nèi)部積蓄的能量,比如負載的彈簧,配重裝置,氣動設備中的壓縮氣體,液壓設備中的液壓油Disableorremovenormalsafetysystemstoaccessmachinesandequipmentmechanism 禁用或者移除正常的安全系統(tǒng)確定危險源的步驟PROCESSFORIDENTIFYINGHAZARDSPeopleprovidingcleaningservicescould清掃設備的人員:Accessmachinesandequipmentfromtherearofsidesorinunexpectedways從機械設備后部或者以其他非正常方式靠近機械設備Climbonmachinesandequipment攀爬機械設備Enterconfinedspacesoflargermachinesandequipment進入大型機械設備的內(nèi)部空間Workwithchemicals使用化學品Operateelectricalequipmentinwetareas在潮濕區(qū)域使用電器Summary總結Conductriskassessmentswithrespecttomachineandequipmenthazard 針對機械設備危險源進行風險評估 MechanicalHazards機械性危險NonMechanicalHazards非機械性危險AccessHazards接觸性危險?Understandcommonhazardsbytypeofworkplaceactivity 根據(jù)工作活動的種類了解常見的危險源?Factoryshouldhavemachinesafetycommittee,constitutedofmanagement,workerrepresentativesandmaintenanceteamtoaddressconcernsrelatedtomachinesafety.工廠應當有由管理層,員工代表,維修人員組成的機械安全委員會處理解決有關機械安全的隱患。MUST

必須:第二章Part02控制/排除機械危險源CONTROL/ELIMINATEMACHINERYHAZARDThefirststeptoimprovemachinesafetyistoeliminateorcontrolhazards改善機械安全的第一步是排除或控制危險源Engineering

Controls工程控制Inordertominimizeorisolatethereachofworkertohazardarea;barrierssuchasmachineguardsorsafeguarddevicesisputinplace.為減少或隔絕員工接觸危險區(qū)域，安裝如機械護欄或安全防護裝置。Administrativecontrols管理控制Information&Planning信息和計劃Training培訓Writtenpolicies&procedures書面政策和程序Safeworkpractices安全操作流程Environmental&Medicalsurveillance環(huán)境和醫(yī)療監(jiān)測PersonalProtectiveEquipmentcontrols個人防護Gloves手套Goggles護目鏡Safetyjackets/coats安全夾克/外套Respirators口罩TheProcesstocontrolthemechanicalhazards機械風險管理控制思路控制級別

(ControlLevel)(EliminatetheHazards)消除危害(Replacement)替代(Isolation)隔離(Exposure)暴露(Procedure)程序(Training)培訓PPETERMINOLOGY術語Guard防護阻隔Abarrierthatpreventsexposuretoanidentifiedhazard.為防止員工暴露于已知危險源而設立的防護阻擋。Safeguardingdevice安全防護裝置Adevicethatdetectsorpreventsinadvertentaccesstoahazard.探測或者防止無心之失的裝置。Awarenessdevice警告Abarrier,signalorsignthatwarnsindividualsofanapproachingorpresenthazard.用于警示危險的護欄，標志或者信號。TECHNICALOVERVIEW技術概要Introduction介紹-Controlofmachineryhazards控制機械危險源Separationisasimpleandeffectivemachineryandequipmentriskcontrol.隔絕是一種簡單有效的機械設備危險的控制方法。Separationmaybeachievedbydistance,barrierortime.隔絕可以通過距離，阻隔或者時間來實行。Distanceseparationmeansapersoncannotreachthehazardduetodistance.距離隔絕指一個人由于距離因素無法接觸到危險源。Barrierseparationmeansaneffectivebarrierorguarddeniesaccessandcontrolsejectionofparts,producesorwaste.阻隔隔絕指使用有效的護欄防止通過或者控制部件，產(chǎn)品或者廢品的彈出。Timeseparationmeansatthetimeofaccess,themachineryorequipmentisdisabled.時間阻隔指在員工可以接觸到危險源的時候，機械或者設備處于禁用狀態(tài)。TECHNICALOVERVIEW技術概要Safeguardingisessentialforprotectingemployeesfromneedlessandpreventableinjury.Agoodruletorememberis安全防護對于保護員工免受可避免的傷害有不可缺少的作用。它的原則是:Anymachinepart,function,orprocessthatmaycauseinjurymustbesafeguarded.任何可能導致傷害的機械部件，功能或者工藝必須安裝安全防護。TECHNICALOVERVIEW技術概要Intermsofcontrollingamputationhazards,employeesareprotectedfromhazardousmachineworkactivitieseitherby針對控制截斷風險，員工可以通過以下方式避免和危險機械有關的工作活動1effectivemachinesafeguarding,or有效的機械安全防護，或者2LockOut/TagOutwheresafeguardsarerenderedineffectiveordonotprotectemployeesfromhazardousenergyduringservicingandmaintenanceoperations.在機械設備進行保養(yǎng)維護，安全防護處于關閉狀態(tài)下，采用鎖閉和標示的方式保護員工。EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施1CONTROL

OF

MACHINE

HAZARDS

BY

USE

OF

MACHINEGUARDS使用機械防護控制機械危險源CONTROLOFMACHINEHAZARDSBYUSEOFSAFEGUARDDEVICES使用安全防護裝置控制機械危險源234CONTROLOFMACHINEHAZARDSBYCONTROLLINGHAZARDOUSENERGY[LOTO]通過控制危險的能量源控制機械危險源CONTROLOFMACHINEHAZARDSBYTRAININGEMPLOYEES通過培訓員工控制機械危險源。EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施1.CONTROLOFMACHINEHAZARDSBYUSEOFMACHINE GUARDS使用機械防護控制機械危險源Guarding防護AGuardcanperformseveralfunctions:itcandenybodilyaccess,containejectedparts,tools,off-cutsorswath,preventemissionsescapingorformpartofasafeworkingplatform.防護有多種作用：可以防止接觸，阻擋彈射出的部件，工具，碎片，防止廢氣泄漏，或者構成一個安全的工作平臺。Guardingiscommonlyusedwithmachineryandequipmenttopreventaccessto防護通常用于以下情況:EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施1.CONTROLOFMACHINEHAZARDSBYUSEOFMACHINE GUARDS使用機械防護控制機械危險源Rotatingenddrumsofbeltconveyors傳送帶兩端的滾筒Movingaugersofaugerconveyors螺旋傳送機Rotatingshafts轉軸Movingpartsthatdonotrequireregularadjustment無需定期調(diào)整的移動部件Machinetransmissions,suchapulleyandbeltdrives,chaindrives,exposeddrivegears機械傳動裝置，比如滑輪，皮帶輪，鏈條，外露的齒輪Anydangerousmovingparts,machinesorequipment.以及其他危險的移動部件和機械設備EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施Commonlyusedmachineguards常用的機械防護TYPE種類METHODOFSAFEGUARDING安全防護方法ADVANTAGES優(yōu)點APPLICATION說明Fixed固定防護Barrierthatallowsforstockfeedingbutdoesnotpermitoperatortoreachthedangerarea.允許送料但是操作者無法接觸危險區(qū)域Canbeconstructedtosuitmanyapplications.可以適合多種應用。Permanentlyenclosesthepointofoperationorhazardarea永久性的封閉操作點或者危險區(qū)域Whereaccessisnotanticipated,afixedguardcanbepermanentlyappliedbybindingagent,weldingorsecuredwithone-wayscrews.用粘合，焊接或者單向螺絲永久安裝在禁止接觸的危險區(qū)域Adjustable可調(diào)節(jié)防護Barrierthatadjustsforavarietyofproductionoperations.可以根據(jù)不同生產(chǎn)需求調(diào)節(jié)的防護Canbeconstructedtosuitmanyapplications.可以適合多種應用Canbeadjustedtoadministervaryingstocksizes可以根據(jù)物Incorporatesmovablesectionsorpanelsoftheguardandallowsformaterialorpartstobefedintotheguardedareawhilepreventingbodilycontact結合可以移動的面板，允許將物料/零件送入防護區(qū)域并限肢體接EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施Commonlyusedmachineguards常用的機械防護SelfAdjusting自調(diào)節(jié)防護Barrierthatmovesaccordingtothesizeofthestockenteringpointofoperation.根據(jù)進入物料的尺寸自動調(diào)節(jié)的防護。Offtheselfguardsareoftencommerciallyavailable此類防護可以購買Applicationonbandsaw,circularsaw,radialarmsaw,tablesawetc..安裝于帶鋸，圓鋸，旋臂鋸，鋸床等Interlockingbarrierguards聯(lián)鎖防護Shutsoffordisengagespowerandpreventsmachinefromstartingupwhenguardisopen.當防護被激活時，自動關閉機械或者切斷電源防止機械啟動。Allowsaccessforsomeminorservicingwork,inaccordancewiththelock-out/tagoutexception,withouttimeconsumingremovaloffixedguards.配合鎖閉/標示操作，無需費時的拆卸防護，即可進行簡單的維護occurswhentheactofmovingtheguard(opening,slidingorremoving)toallowaccessstopstheactionofthehazardousmechanism.當觸動防護時，如拆卸防護，自動停止危險部件的運作EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施FIXEDGUARDS固定防護ADJUSTABLEGUARDS可調(diào)節(jié)防護SELFADJUSTABLE GUARDS 自調(diào)節(jié)防護EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施Interlockguardingworksby聯(lián)鎖防護起效方式:Mechanicallydisconnectingthedrivemechanism(appliesabrakeordisengagesaclutchorgearedmechanism)機械性地斷開驅動系統(tǒng)（比如使用剎車，或者斷開離合器/齒輪）Isolatingthepowersourceofthedrivemechanism(stopsthemotor)斷開驅動系統(tǒng)的電源Acombinationofmechanicalandpowerdisconnection.組合以上兩種方式Interlockguardingisgenerallyachievedviamechanicalorelectricalmeans,butmayalsoincludehydraulicorpneumaticcontrolsystems.聯(lián)鎖防護通常通過機械/電氣手段起效，但也可能包括液壓或者氣動控制系統(tǒng)。EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施2.CONTROLOFMACHINEHAZARDSBYUSEOFSAFEGUARD DEVICES使用安全防護裝置控制機械危險源Safeguardingdevices安全防護裝置Safeguardingdevicesarecontrolsorattachmentsthat,whenproperlydesigned,appliedandused,usuallypreventinadvertentaccessbyemployeestohazardousmachineareasby安全防護裝置是一種控制器或者附件，通過合理設計安裝和使用，安全防護裝置可以防止員工由于疏忽而接觸到機械的危險區(qū)域:EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施2.CONTROLOFMACHINEHAZARDSBYUSEOFSAFEGUARD DEVICES使用安全防護裝置控制機械危險源1.Preventinghazardousmachinecomponentoperationifyourhandorbodypartisinadvertentlyplacedinadangerarea如果手部或者身體意外地處于危險區(qū)域，自動阻止機械的危險部件運作;2.Restrainingorwithdrawingyourhandsfromthedangerareaduringmachineoperation在機械運作期間限制或者將雙手從危險區(qū)域拉回;3.Requiringtheuseofbothofyourhandsonmachinecontrols(ortheuseofonehandifthecontrolismountedatasafedistancefromthedangerarea)thataremountedatapredeterminedsafetydistance需要使用雙手同時控制機器或者在控制器安裝在一個預設的安全距離的情況下，單手控制機器;or4.Providingabarrierwhichissynchronizedwiththeoperatingcycleinordertoprevententrytothedangerareaduringthehazardouspartofthecycle采用一個和機器運作周期同步的防護欄在有危險的運作周期中阻止人員接觸危險區(qū)域.EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施TypesofSafeguardingdevices安全防護裝置的種類TYPE種類METHODOFSAFEGUARDING安全防護方法ADVANTAGES優(yōu)點PullbackDevices拉回裝置Cordsconnectedtooperator’swristsandlinkedmechanicallytothemachineautomaticallywithdrawingthehandsfromthepointofoperationduringthemachinecycle.將繩索兩端連接在操作者手腕和機械上，使繩索隨著機械的運轉自動拉回操作者的雙手Allowsthehandstoenterthepointofoperationforfeedingandremoval.允許雙手進入操作點送料Providesprotectionevenintheeventofmechanicalrepeat.在機械重復中提供保護EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施TypesofSafeguardingdevices安全防護裝置的種類RestraintDevices限制裝置Wristsareconnectedbycordsandsecuredtoafixedanchorpointwhichlimitoperator’shandsfromreachingthepointofoperationatanytime將手腕通過繩索連接在一個固定點，限制操作者的手觸碰到操作點Simple,fewmovingparts;requireslittlemaintenance簡單，減少活動件，基本不需要維護Operatorcannotreachthedangerarea操作者無法接觸危險區(qū)域Littleriskofmechanicalfailure;providesprotectionevenintheeventofmechanicalrepeat.機械故障風險小，在機械重復中提供保護Presence-Sensingdevices感應裝置Interlockintothemachine’scontrolsystemtostopoperationwhenthesensingfield(photoelectric,radiofrequency,orelectro-magnetic)isdisturbed.聯(lián)鎖至機器的控制系統(tǒng)，當感應到干擾，自動停止機器運作Adjuststofitdifferentstocksizes. 可調(diào)節(jié)尺寸Allowsaccesstoloadandunloadthemachine.允許進行送料和取料Allowsaccesstotheguardedareaformaintenanceandset-upactivities.允許對保護區(qū)域進行維護和設置EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施TypesofSafeguardingdevices安全防護裝置的種類Two-HandControl雙手控制Requiresconcurrentandcontinueduseofbothhands,preventingthemfromenteringdangerarea.要求同時持續(xù)使用雙手，防止雙手進入危險區(qū)域Operator’shandsareatapredeterminedsafetydistance.操作者的雙手處于預設的安全距離Operator’shandsarefreetopickupnewpartsaftercompletionoffirstpartofcycle.操作者的雙手在完成第一輪的周期可以自由地抓取新的部件Gate防護門Applicabletomechanicalpowerpresses.Providesbarrierbetweendangerareaandoperatoruntilcompletionofmachinecycle.適用于沖壓機，在運作周期完成前在危險區(qū)域和操作者之間提供防護Preventsoperatorfromreachingintodangerareaduringmachinecycle.防止操作者在運作周期中接觸危險區(qū)域Providesprotectionfrommachinerepeat.在機械重復中提供保護EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施PULLBACKDEVICES拉回裝置RESTRAINTDEVICES限制裝置EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施PRESENCESENSINGDEVICE感應裝置TWO-HANDCONTROLDEVICE雙手控制裝置EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施GATECONTROLDEVICE 防護門控制裝置GATE

OPEN

防護門開啟GATECLOSED 防護門關閉EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施3.CONTROLOFMACHINEHAZARDSBYCONTROLLINGHAZARDOUSENERGY[LOTO]通過控制危險能量源來控制機器危險Theenergystoredinmovingparts(momentum)cancausethemechanismofthemachineorequipmenttorunonforsometimeafterthesourceofdrivingenergyhasbeenremoved.Alsoaccidentalstart-upormovementofamachinemechanismcanoccurif儲存在設備運動部件的能源（動能）可以使機器設備在能源被切斷后依然運行一段時間。以下狀況會導致機械的意外啟動：controlleversorbuttonsarebumpedorknocked,控制桿或控制按鈕受到撞擊或敲打ifashortcircuitofthecontrolsystemoccurs,控制系統(tǒng)發(fā)生短路whenhydraulicorairpressureisreleased,釋放液壓或壓縮空氣whenundoingorretainingbolts安裝或卸除螺栓時EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施3.CONTROLOFMACHINEHAZARDSBYCONTROLLINGHAZARDOUSENERGY[LOTO]通過控制危險能量源來控制機器危險Lockout-tagout(LOTO)orlockandtag鎖定標識Safetyprocedurewhichisusedinindustrytoensurethatdangerousmachinesareproperlyshutoffandnotstartedupagainpriortothecompletionofmaintenanceorservicingwork.為了確保在維護或維修機器時機器正確關閉且不會意外開啟的安全程序。1.Itrequiresthathazardousenergysourcestobe"isolatedandrenderedinoperative"beforeanyrepairprocedureisstarted.在維修工作開始前需要確保危險能量源“隔離并不會開啟”2.Procedurerequiresthatatagbeaffixedtothelockeddeviceindicatingthatitshouldnotbeturnedon.程序要求在鎖止設備放置鎖定標識以提示該設備不應開啟EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施Thefollowingoverviewofthelockout–tagoutprocess:鎖定標識（上牌掛鎖）的步驟：1.Shutdownthemachineryandequipment關閉機器2.Identifyallenergysourcesandotherhazards 識別危險能源3.Identifyallisolationpoints識別所有隔離點4.Isolateallenergysources切斷所有能源5.De-energizeallstoredenergies釋放危險能源6.Lockoutallisolationpoints鎖閉所有隔離點7.Tagmachinerycontrols,energysourcesandotherhazards上牌標識8.Testby‘trying’toreactivatetheplantwithoutexposingthetesterorotherstorisk(failuretoreactivateensuresthatisolationproceduresareeffectiveandallstoredenergieshavebeendissipated).核實能源隔離EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施4.CONTROLOFMACHINEHAZARDSBYTRAININGEMPLOYEES通過培訓員工控制機器危險Adequateinstructioninthesafeuseandcareofmachinesandsupervisedon-the-jobtrainingareessentialinpreventingamputationinjuries.Onlytrainedemployeesshouldoperatemachinery.關于機器設備安全使用的培訓可以有效預防發(fā)生絞傷切傷事故。員工經(jīng)過培訓后方可操作機器設備。Trainemployeesinthefollowing:向員工提供如下培訓：EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施4.CONTROLOFMACHINEHAZARDSBYTRAININGEMPLOYEES通過培訓員工控制機器危險01Allhazardsintheworkarea,includingmachine-specifichazards;介紹工作場所中的所有危險源，包括機器危險02Machineoperatingprocedures,lockout/tagoutproceduresandsafeworkpractices;機器操作流程，鎖定標識程序以及安全工作指引03Thepurposeandproperuseofmachinesafeguards;機械安全防護的目的以及如何正確使用04Allproceduresforrespondingtosafeguardingproblemssuchasimmediatelyreportingunsafeconditionssuchasmissingordamagedguardsandviolationsofsafeoperatingpracticestosupervisors.如何及時上報安全防護設施的問題例如因防護設施缺失或受損可能導致的不安全狀況Summary總結MUST

必須:1.Allproductionequipmentandmachinery(Rotatingparts,dangerouscuttingareas)atfactoriesshallberoutinelymaintained,equippedwithguardsorotherprotectivedevicesandsafelyoperated. 所有用于生產(chǎn)的機械設備應配備安全防護措施并定期維護，以確保操作安全 2.Factoryshouldmaintainmaintenancerecords(SafeMachineoperation,LockOutTagOut (LOTO)Systems,CleaningLubricationTighteningandInspection(CLTI)checklist,MachineMaintenancerecord,RootCauseAnalysis(RCA)offrequentincident/accidents.)ofallmachinery.工廠應保留所有機械設備的維護保養(yǎng)記錄Summary總結MUST

必須:3.Materialhandlingmethodsshallbeemployedtopreventinjuries.Materialhandlingequipments(Forklifts,cranes,derricksorothermaterialhandlingequipment)shouldbeinspectedbeforeuse.使用適當?shù)奈锪习徇\方式以預防意外傷害。相關設備（叉車，起重機等）在使用前應進行檢查。4.Allemployeesshouldbetrainedrelatedtomachineoperatingprocedures,lockout/tagoutprocedures,safeworkpracticesandreportingofunsafemachineconditions/violations. 應向所有員工提供關于機械設備操作規(guī)程，鎖定標識（上牌掛鎖），安全操作以及對不安全設 備狀況進行匯報的相關培訓。第三章Part03安全干預SAFETYINTERVENTIONSTERMINOLOGY術語Whatissafetyintervention?什么是安全干預？Itisanattempttochangehowthingsaredoneinordertoimprovesafety.主動改變以提高安全性。Withintheworkplaceitcouldbeanynewprogram,practice,orinitiativeintendedtoimprovesafety(e.g.,engineeringintervention,trainingprogram,administrativeprocedure).安全干預在工廠可以是新的項目，新的操作或其他旨在提高安全的提案（例如工程干預，培訓項目以及行政管理程序）TECHNICALOVERVIEW技術概要MANAGEMENT

INTERVENTIONS管理干預MACHINESAFETYPOLICY設備安全政策MACHINESAFETYPROCEDURE設備安全程序MACHINESAFETYORGANIZATIONALSTRUCTURE(EG.SAFETYCOMMITTEES,INSPECTIONSSCHEDULES,PERFORMANCEINCENTIVES….)設備安全組織架構（安全委員會，檢修安排等）MACHINESAFETYCOMMUNICATIONMECHANISMS(TRAINING,POSTERS,MACHINEWORKINSTRUCTIONS,ETC…)設備安全溝通機制（培訓，海報，操作指引等）TECHNICALOVERVIEW技術概要TECHNICALINTERVENTIONS技術干預PHYSICALSETTING廠區(qū)設置WORKSTATIONDESIGN機臺擺放PRODUCTIONPROCESSES生產(chǎn)流程MACHINEDEVICES機械設備HUMANINTERVENTIONS人事干預SAFETYATTITUDE對于安全的態(tài)度KNOWLEDGE相關知識MOTIVATIONBEHAVIOR激勵措施SAFETYCULTURE建立鼓勵安全的文化EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施有效性調(diào)研實施調(diào)研需求分析分析報告收集信息建立評估小組實施評估健全評估方案EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施GatherInformation收集信息Identifyproblemanddecidetoimplementintervention找出問題并決定實施干預Decidetoevaluateintervention評估干預措施Definepurpose,timeline,budgetforevaluation設定評估目標，時間表及預算階段

需求分析實施評估

有效性評估第1步：收集信息第2步：建立評估小組第3步：健全評估方案第4步：實施評估第5步

：分析報告EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施Organizeevaluationteam建立評估小組Assembleevaluationcommittee.組建評估委員會Identify/recruittechnicalexpertise.吸收技術專家不同部門宣傳人員訓導人員EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施Formulateevaluationplananddevelopevaluation健全評估方案Reviewmanualofmachine審閱機械操作手冊Reviewhistoricalmachinebreakdowndata查閱機械故障歷史數(shù)據(jù)Initiate/develop/refinemachinebreakdownmeasurementmethods建立/完善機械設備故障評估方法Selectanalyticalmethodtoframeworkrateofmachinefailureandaccidentcaused選取適當?shù)姆治龇绞娇偨Y機械故障率及事故率EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施Pre-interventionstage:Needsassessmentandevaluationplanning干預準備階段：需求分析需求分析期望結果干預措施評估機制干預評估小組EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施Analyze,reportanddisseminate分析，報告并傳播擴散Quantitativeandqualitativedataanalysisforrootcauseofaccidents,injuries.對于引發(fā)事故,工傷的根本性原因進行定量化數(shù)據(jù)分析Drawconclusiontoimplementsystemforlongtermsolution.根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)分析得出長期解決方案Reportandpublishsafetyresults.報告并公告安全數(shù)據(jù)結果EFFECTIVEPROCESS有效措施Measurement/Indicatorsselection

short-termevaluation

短期評估指標Awareness員工意識Attitudes態(tài)度Knowledge相關知識Behaviors行為Near-missevents未遂事故（準事故）Otherproductionindicators其他生產(chǎn)指標Interventioncomponent