B2C的電子商務(wù)網(wǎng)站【外文翻譯】

外文翻譯原文B2CE-COMMERCEWEBSITEMaterialSourse：UniversityofCraiovaFacultyofMathematicsandComputerScienceEmail:boboila@central.ucv.roAuthor:BoboilaCristeaTheWorldWideWebrepresentsanewfrontiertowardsaglobalindustry,leadingthewayfornewbusinesses.Commercenowdealswithawholedifferentconcept:electroniccommerce(e-commerce).Thiskindofcommerceprovidesnewmeansforalargevarietyofproductstoreachdifferentmarketsacrosstheworld.ThisapplicationwasdesignedandimplementedforahypotheticalfirmcalledOxygen,inordertosupplyamanageablewebsiteforonlineselling,thusreachingnewcustomersinawholenewtargetmarket.Thewebsitehasanappealinginterfaceandallowsclientsfromacrosstheglobetoviewthecompany'sproudctsandbuythemusingcashondeliveryoracreditcard.Theapplicationhasanadministrationmodule,permittingtheowneroftheshoptoeasilyaddordeleteitems,andtorevieworders.Keywords:E-Commerce;WorldWideWeb;Websites;ApacheHTTPServev;Databases1IntroductionTheapplicationisintendedtoprovideanonlineshopforahypotheticalfirmOxygen.However,thereisnorestrictionregardingtheproductssold.Theownerhasthepossibilityofaddinganythinghewants,fromsmallobjects,likepens,tolargeones,likeaLCDTV.Theappadministratorcaninsertorremoveitemcategories.Eachcategorymayhaveothersubcategories,thusthetaskofgroupingtheitemsbecomeseasierandwell-structured.ForthisapplicationIhaveusedtheApacheHTTPServer,MySQLforworkingwiththedatabaseandPHPastheserversidescriptinordertoprovidedynamiccontent(Welling&Thomson,2001).MySQLiscurrentlythemostusedDMBS(DatabaseManagementSystem)online,beingverysimpletouseintermsofmanipulatinginformationontoarelationalschema(Timofte,2002).2WebsiteDatabase2.1DatabaseDiagramThedatabaseiscalled“magazin”andconsistsofeighttablesv.eWecanobserinthenextfigurethedatabasediagram.2.2TablesDescriptionTableusers-thistablecontainsinformationregardingaclientthathasregisteredintothesystem.Itstoresauniqueusername,apasswordfortheaccount,auniquee-mailaddressandalsotheaddressoftheclient.Theclienthasthefacilityofpayingforanorderwithacreditcard.Thissortofinformationisalsostoredinthistable(Macklup,1991).Tablerecuperari-thistablecontainstwofields.Onefieldrepresentsthee-mailaddressofacustomerthathadforgottenhis/herpasswordandtheotherakeygeneratedbytheapplicationinordertocheckthatthesolicitantofthenewpasswordisindeedanactualclient.Thiskeywillbesenttothate-mailaddress.Iftheclientrespondstotheemailwiththekey,thesystemwillgenerateapasswordandsendittotheuser(Odlyzko,2001).produse_specproduse*ccmenziprodus^曾pid^~3—|Uo*cid0Ide蛀speclftatie=JipretvaloareprcKfucatorcantitaretotalnumeprodLtsnumeproduspretcategorii■■^gilOQimagine!羋dddescrerelireglneparintenumEcategorieusers*comertzi?[user]pass?Ejl03丫ide[userlemaildataadmin*平[u&a^]nunwstatus'二.A'orenumetsnarrwclpiatatotalQr菇motrvjjdletadresacodptelefonrecuperariifax爭emailnrccdicetlpccexpFigure1DatabaseDiagramTableadmin-wecanobserveinFigure1thatthereisonlyonefield.Thepurposeofthistableistoindicatewhichoftheusersfromthetableusershasadministrationrights.Anadministratorcanadd/deletenewitemsorview/accept/rejectordersmadebyusers.Tableproduse_spec-thistablecontainsproductspecificationsforaproduct.Everyproductcanhavenoneormanyspecs,whicharestoredinthistable.Tablecomenzi-ausercanplaceasmanyordersashelikes.Anorderisstoredhere,withinfoliketheuserwhomadeit,thedateoftheorder,thetotalpriceandpaymentoption.Theorderhasastatus.Whenplaced,aneworderhasthestatus“pending”.Afterithasbeenreviewedbytheadministratoritcanhavethestatus“approved”or“rejected”inwhichcasewewillstoreinthistablethereasonforthedenialoftheorder,tolaterpresentittotheuser.Tablecategorii-inorderfortheshoptobewell-structured,wehavetoorganizetheitemsintocategories.Eachcategorycanhaveproductsormanysubcategorieswithproducts.Tablecomenzi_produse-thistablestoresinformationconcerningtotheproductthatcorrespondwithacertainorder(Ro$u-Hamzescu,Mitu,2001).3StructuralDesign3.1WebsiteModuleInteractionDiagramTheapplicationhastwomainmodules:theuserinterfacemoduleandtheadministrationmodule.Thesemodulesdependontheexistenceofthedatabase“magazin”.InFigure2wecanobservetheinteractionbetweenthemodules,regardingtheDB(Loshin&Vacca,2004).AsmsCkltfhopingwrtAdmintldituitlrrCa：亦aieAJmtfrationXef押UseAsmsCkltfhopingwrtAdmintldituitlrrCa：亦aieAJmtfrationXef押Use1Herfaa［、Yiewproducb?urtxie?/rawcatcooriej^}mdiiiioeorders/Figure2:ModuleInteractionDiagram3.2UserInterfaceModuleProspectThismoduleconsistsofmanyPHPmodules(Nastase,Nastase,2002).Thereareafewmodulesthatarestoredinaseparatedirectory,INC.Allofftheseareincludedintherestoftheinterface.Wewillexplainthemodulesfirst:Modulesus.php-thismoduleisresponsibleforsupplyingtheheaderfortheothermodulesintheuserinterface.ItdisplaystheOxygenlogoandlinkstothecontactandhowtobuypage.Modulejos.php-thismodulesimplydisplaysinallthemodulesthefooter(thecopyrighttobemorespecific).Modulelogin.php-iftheuserinputsintheloginformacorrectcombinationofusernameandpassword,theloginformissubstitutedwithaccountoptionslinks(logout,orderhistory,accountdetailsandtochangepassword).Thisoperationlogsintheuserintothesystem.Modulecosdecumparaturi.php-Iimplementedhereaclassthatsymbolizesashoppingcart.Thisclasswillbeusedtostoreinformationontheproductsthatthecustomerwantstobuy.Itprovidesmethodsforadding,deletingandmanipulatingthequantityofaproduct.Itwillstoredataliketheproductsids,theirpriceandquantities.Moduleutil.php-thismoduleisthemostimportantmoduleoftheapplication.ItcontainsdefinitionsoffunctionsthatfullyinteractwiththeDB.Functionsforloggingin,checkingifauserisloggedandloggingoutareimplementedhere.Therearealsoallthefunctionsneededtomanipulateinformationfromthedatabase,includingfunctionsthatareneededbytheadministrationmodule.Themodulesthatdealwiththeactualuserinterfacearestoredintherootdirectory.Theirfunctionalityisbasedontheutil.phpandcosdecumparaturi.phpmodules.Wewillexplainthemnext:Moduleindex.php-thismoduledisplaysshoppingcartoverviewwithtwobuttonsthatcanredirecttotheshoppingcartmanipulationmoduleandonethatcanemptythecart,thecatalogthatcontainsthemaincategories,aloginformoraccountoptionsiftheuseriscorrectlyloggedintothesystem,andatlasttwobuttonsforcreatinganewuserandforretrievingaforgottenpassword.Thesearepresentintherestofthemodules,thoughtherearesomeexceptions.Aswewillpresentothermodulesitwillbespecifiedifanyofthesearen'tthesame.Modulelogout.php-afterauserisdonewithhisactions,hecanlogoutofthesystemusingthelogoutlink.Modulecatalog.php-whenauserclicksonamaincategoryhewillberedirectedtothiscatalogmodule.Thecategory'spictureisshown.Ifthecategorycontainsproducts,theywillbedisplayedalongwithalinktotheprodus.phpmoduleandaddtocartbutton;iftherearesubcategoriestheywillbedisplayedalongwiththepictureandnumberofproductscontained.Asubcategorybecomesacategorywhenitisclicked.Moduleprodus.php-Whenaproductlinkisclicked,thismoduleisresponsibletooutputtheproductinformationstoredinthedatabaseandabuttonforaddingtheproductintotheshoppingcart.Modulecosulmeu.php-ausercanmodifythecontentofthebasket.Hecanremoveorchangethequantitiesofaproduct.Thispagedisplaysaschemafortheoperationsneededtocompleteanorder.Theclientcangobacktoshoppingorhecancontinuetheorderprocess.Modulecomanda.php-thisisthesecondintheorderprocessafterviewingthecartitems.Thismoduleisonlyaccessibleiftheuserhassuccessfullyloggedin.Ifso,theshoppingcartcontentisshowedalongsidewithabuttonthatlinkstothecartmanipulationmodule,theaddressofdeliverywithabuttonthatlinkstotheaccountdetailsmanipulationmoduleandaformforchoosingthepaymentoption.Moduleplaseazacomanda.php-accessibleonlyfromthecomanda.phpmodule,thisisresponsibleforaddinganeworderintothedatabase,incompliancewiththeshoppingcartcontent.Modulecontulmeu.php-aclientcanmodifyhisdetailshere,forexampleifhewantstochangethedeliveryaddressortoaddacreditcard.Thisisaccessibleonlyiftheclienthassuccessfullyloggedin.Modulecomenzi.php-aclientcanviewthedetailsofhisorderhere.Hecanseetheactualordersortheoneshehascompletedinthepast.Ifanorderisdenied,hecanseethereasonhereandtrytoremedytheproblem.Furtherhecanreconfirmtheorderusingthemodulereconfirmare.phporcancelitusinganuleaza.php,bothofthesebeingavailablethroughlinks.Thisisaccessibleonlyiftheclienthassuccessfullyloggedin.Moduleschimbaparola.php-aclientcanchangehisaccountpasswordifhewishes.Thisisaccessibleonlyiftheclienthassuccessfullyloggedin.Moduleregister.php-anewclientcanbrowsethecatalogandaddproductstotheshoppingbasket.Ifhewantstoplacetheorderbuthedoesn'thaveanaccounthecanclickthelinkforcreatingone,thusleadingtothismodule.Thereisaformthathastobecompletedwithpersonalinformation,choosingausernameandpasswordandprovidinghisemail.Optionallyhecanaddacreditcardtohisaccountforonlinepurchasing.3.3AdministrationModuleProspectThePHPmodulesneededfortheadministrationarestoredinaseparatedirectoryADMIN.TheadministratorcanreachthismodulesimplybyspecifyingthepathtothisdirectoryintheURL(ex.:oxygen.ro/admin).Manyofthemodulesjustperformanactiontoupdatethedatabaseandthenreturntomodulesthatalsodisplayinformation(Kleinberg&Lawrence,2001).Moduleindex.php-thismoduledisplaysaloginform.Iftheuserhassuccessfullyloggedinandhisusernamecanbefoundinthe“admin”table,thenheisredirectedtotheadmin.phpmodule.Moduleadmin.php-thismoduleoutputsthenumberofproducts,categories,subcategories,usersandorders.Thereisalsoamenuwithlinkstotheproducts,usersandordersmanipulationmodules.Moduleproduse.php—theadmincanseealistofthemaincategoriesalongsidewiththesubcategories,thatcanbeselectedanddeletedusingthemoduledelc.php.Heretheadministratorcanspecifyanewcategorynameandapictureforit,andusingaddc.phphecanaddthenewcategory.Clickingonacategoryleadstothesamemodule,butthereareotheroptionslikeaddingasubcategory(addc.php)oradding/modifying/deleting(produs.php/addp.php/delp.php).Moduleprodus.php-aproductcanbemodified.ThismoduledisplaystheproductinformationwhichcanbemodifiedandupdatedusingthePHPmoduleactualizeaza.php.Specificationcanalsobeinsertedhere.Moduleusers.php-thismoduledisplaysthelistofusers,andthepossibilityofdeletingthemusingthemoduledelu.php.Also,itisspecifiediftheuserhasacreditcardandifhehasanyorders.Modulecomenzi.php-thismoduledisplaystheordersgroupedinto“pending”,“confirmed”and“denied”.Clickingontheeditbuttonwilllettheadministratorusethedetaliicomanda.phpmodule,responsibleforoutputtingtheorderdetails.Moduledetaliicomanda.php-anorderisshownhere.Theadministratorcansapprove/deny//deleteanorderusingconfirma.php/refuza.php/sterge.php.Whenanorderisdeniedtheadministratorcanspecifythereasonwhyitwasdenied.Whentheuserclickontheorderdetailsinhisaccounthecanseethereasonandtrytoremediatetheproblemifhewishes,ortocanceltheorder.Modulelogout.php-thismodulelogsouttheadministratorfromtheadministrationarea,redirectinghimtotheindex.phpmodulelocatedintherootdirectory.3.4InstallNoteCopytheapplicationfilesintothehtdcosdirectory.UsingthephpMyAdminapplication,thedatabase“magazine”mustbecreated.IntheSQLdirectorytherecanbefoundatextfilecontainingthestructureofthedatabaseinSQLlanguage.Thus,thedatabasecanbeupandrunninginnotime(Timofte,2002).Afterthequery,theadministratormustvisitthepageandusetheregister.phpmoduletocreatetheadministratoraccount.Hemustspecifytheusernameadmin.4ConclusionComputers,communicationnetworks,andawidevarietyofnewer,rapidlydevelopingtechnologiesareincreasinglyimportantwaysinwhichindividuals,companies,andorganizationsofallkindsconductbusiness(Boboila,2007).Thesetechnologicalchangespresentchallengesthatmustbefacednotonlybytechnologistsbutalsobylawyers,policy-makers,economists,entrepreneurs,ethicists,andotherstakeholders.Potentialtopicstobeaddressedfrombothtechnicalandnon-technicalpointsofviewincludebutarenotlimitedto:internetbusinessmanagement;websearching,asatechnologyandasabusiness;B2B,B2C,andC2Ctechnologyandbusinessmodels(Camp,2000).譯文B2C的電子商務(wù)網(wǎng)站資料來源：克拉約瓦大學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)與計算機系郵箱：boboila@central.ucv.ro作者：巴寶莉.克麗絲特爾萬維網(wǎng)代表了一個為全球產(chǎn)業(yè)帶路的新前沿、新業(yè)務(wù)?，F(xiàn)在商品交易的另一個完全不同的概念：電子商務(wù)。這種商業(yè)模式提供了一種新的銷售手段：達到世界各地的產(chǎn)品銷售。該模式提供一個可控制的網(wǎng)絡(luò)在線銷售，從而達到另一種全新的目標市場。該網(wǎng)站須具有一個很有吸引力的網(wǎng)站界面，并且允許來自世界各地的客戶在該網(wǎng)站上查看公司的產(chǎn)品并且可以購買他們的產(chǎn)品。付款方式可以是一手交錢，一手交貨也可以直接通過信用卡網(wǎng)上支付。該商店的主人可以通過網(wǎng)站后臺管理容易地增加或刪除產(chǎn)品條目，并通過管理模塊審核不同的命令等應(yīng)用。關(guān)鍵詞：電子商務(wù)；全球資訊網(wǎng)；HTTP服務(wù)器；網(wǎng)站；數(shù)據(jù)庫1引言這個應(yīng)用程序旨在提供一個網(wǎng)上在線商店。目前還沒有關(guān)于銷售產(chǎn)品的限制，業(yè)主可以在該網(wǎng)站上添加任何他想要銷售的產(chǎn)品，如筆、液晶電視等等。該網(wǎng)站管理員可以隨意的增加或刪除產(chǎn)品類別。每個產(chǎn)品類別可能有其它子范疇，這樣的項目其任務(wù)會變得更為簡便，組織結(jié)構(gòu)也會更加良好。在應(yīng)用該程序時，我們通過HTTP服務(wù)器，MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫和團隊合作過的PHP作為服務(wù)器端腳本，目的是提供動態(tài)的產(chǎn)品信息內(nèi)容。MySQL是目前最常用的DMBS(數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng))，在非常簡單的角度上被使用操縱信息關(guān)系模式(Timofte,2002)。2網(wǎng)站數(shù)據(jù)庫數(shù)據(jù)庫圖該數(shù)據(jù)庫被定義為“magazin"，—共由八張表格組成。我們能在接下來的數(shù)據(jù)庫框圖可以觀察到。表描述用戶表—這個表格中儲存客戶注冊到系統(tǒng)中的信息。它儲存一個客戶唯一的用戶名，該帳戶下的密碼，該客戶唯一的電子郵件地址和其通訊地址。客戶可以用自己的信用卡通過網(wǎng)上銀行來支付其所購買的商品。這類信息也會被儲存在這張表格中(Macklup,1991)，表recuperari—這個表格包含兩個領(lǐng)域。一個是代表客戶忘記了其自身的密碼的電子郵件地址，另一個關(guān)鍵的應(yīng)用所產(chǎn)生的信息是為了檢查新密碼請求者確實是真正的客戶。這把鑰匙將被發(fā)送到該請求者的電子郵件中。如果得到該客戶的郵件回應(yīng)的，則該系統(tǒng)將會產(chǎn)生一個新的秘密給該請求者(Odlyzko,2001)。

圖1數(shù)據(jù)庫關(guān)系圖管理員表—我們可以觀察到在圖1中只有一個領(lǐng)域。管理員表中的用戶有管理權(quán)責。一個管理員可以添加/刪除新物品或瀏覽接受/拒絕其他用戶的請求。produse_spec表—這個表格包含一個產(chǎn)品的規(guī)格說明。每一個產(chǎn)品都可以有一個或多個規(guī)格說明儲存在這表格中。Comenzi表—一個用戶可以無數(shù)量限制下自己喜歡的的訂單。該份訂單信息被就存放在這張表格中，該訂單信息包括下該訂單的客戶名稱，定購的日期，該訂單總價格和付款的選項。該份訂單有一個狀態(tài)。最開始，新訂單將處在一個被管理員審核的位置。在它已被審查通過后,管理員在批準或拒收這份訂單后，將該訂單信息發(fā)送給用戶。Categorii表—為了網(wǎng)上商店能有一個很好的結(jié)構(gòu)。每個類別都可以有許多個子類別。comenzi_produse表—這張表格中儲存的信息是對應(yīng)與一個特定的順序的產(chǎn)品信息(Rou-Hamzescu,Mitu,2001)。3結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計3.1網(wǎng)站交互圖模塊設(shè)計這個應(yīng)用程序有兩個主要功能模塊：用戶界面模塊和管理員模塊。這些模塊主要依賴于數(shù)據(jù)庫“magazin"。在圖2中，我們可以觀察到各個模塊之間的相互關(guān)系(Loshin&Vacca,2004)。AsmsCkltfhopingwrtAdminCa：亦aieAJmtfrationXef押:manageUSSFAsmsCkltfhopingwrtAdminCa：亦aieAJmtfrationXef押:manageUSSF:rawcatcooriej^}mdiiiioeorders/Use1Herfaa［、Yiewproducb?urtxie?/圖2模塊交互圖3.2用戶界面模塊前景該模塊有是由多個PHP模塊組成（Nastase,Nastase,2002），這幾個模塊都被存儲在一個獨立的目錄里。所有這些模塊都被包括在了接口中。首先，我們將解釋下這些模塊：模塊sus.php—該模塊負責為用戶界面模塊提供頭文件。它體現(xiàn)該模塊的標志、連結(jié)的關(guān)系和購買流程說明。模塊jos.php—這模塊簡單的顯示在所有的模塊的頁腳中（版權(quán)，說得更具體）。模塊login.php—如果用戶在登錄模塊中輸入一個正確的用戶名和密碼，登入模塊是代替賬戶選擇鏈接（退出，歷史記錄，帳號細節(jié)和改變密碼）。這模塊在用戶進入系統(tǒng)時便可執(zhí)行。模塊cosdecumparaturi.php—在這模塊中實施了一個類，它象征著購物車。這個類是用來存儲客戶想要買的產(chǎn)品信息。提供了一個增加、刪除產(chǎn)品數(shù)量的方法。該模塊中所有的功能需要從數(shù)據(jù)庫中增加數(shù)據(jù)信息，包括管理模塊中所需要的功能。模塊util.php—這模塊是所以模塊中最重要一個應(yīng)用。它包含了在數(shù)據(jù)庫中所定義的相互影響的功能結(jié)構(gòu)。當一個用戶登錄或注銷時，起到檢測用戶身份的功能。還有所有的功能需要操縱信息的數(shù)據(jù)，需要包括函數(shù)，由管理模塊。模塊中實際用戶界面都被儲存在根目錄中。他們的功能是基于util.php和cosdecumparaturi.php兩個模塊建立的。下面我們將解釋這兩個模塊：模塊index.php—這個模塊帶有兩個按鈕來定義購物車的概況，既可以重定向到購物車操縱模塊和也可以清空購物車，目錄包含主要的類別，一個登錄模塊或帳號選項，如果用戶正確的登錄系統(tǒng)，那么在最后,這兩個按鈕分別是用于創(chuàng)建一個新賬戶的和檢索被遺忘的密碼。這些目前都處在一個空余的模塊,盡管也有一些例外。當我們將呈現(xiàn)其它模塊，如果這些模塊是不一樣的，那邊它將會被指定。模塊logout.php—在一個用戶完成他的行為，他可以使用退出鏈接來退出系統(tǒng)。模塊catalog.php—當一個用戶點擊主要范疇，他將被會被轉(zhuǎn)到這個目錄模塊，顯示已被詳細標注出的圖片信息。如果類包含產(chǎn)品，那么他們就會隨著一個鏈接而鏈接到produs.php模塊并且將自動添加到購物車模塊；如果有子范疇，他們就會顯示產(chǎn)品的照片和一些產(chǎn)品的數(shù)量。當它被點擊，一個范疇將變成它的一個分支。模塊produs.php—當一個產(chǎn)品模塊鏈接被點擊，該模塊就負責輸出儲存在數(shù)據(jù)庫中的產(chǎn)品信息并且現(xiàn)實一個用戶可以將隨意將產(chǎn)品添加到購物車中的按鈕。模塊cosulmeu.php—一個用戶可以更改其購物車里產(chǎn)品信息。他可以刪除或更改產(chǎn)品數(shù)量?？蛻艨梢苑祷乩^續(xù)購物或者他也可以完成購物進行付款。模塊comanda.php一在瀏覽完購物車中的信息后，這是訂單處理過程中的第二個模塊。這個模塊僅限于用戶已經(jīng)成功登錄網(wǎng)站。成功登錄后，購物車模塊中包含一個交貨按鈕與一個選擇付款按鈕。模塊plaseazacomanda.php—只有通過comanda.php模塊，才能從數(shù)據(jù)庫中添加訂單信息，最后完成客戶網(wǎng)上購物功能。模塊contulmeu.php—一個客戶可以再該模塊修改他自身信息內(nèi)容，舉個例子，如果他想改變送貨地址或添加一張信用卡。只有當客戶已成功地登錄就可以修改這些信息內(nèi)容。模塊comenzi.php一個客戶可以在這里查看他的訂單細節(jié)。他可以看到實際訂單或那些他在過去完成的訂單。如果一個訂購量被否認，他可以這里看到原因并可以試著去解決