初中英語(yǔ)形容詞及副詞講義

初中英語(yǔ)形容詞精選及副詞精選講義初中英語(yǔ)形容詞精選及副詞精選講義初中英語(yǔ)形容詞精選及副詞精選講義講義3：形容詞一、形容詞的定義：表示人或事物的屬性,特點(diǎn)或狀態(tài)的詞叫形容詞(Adjective).形容詞修飾名詞,它的基本用法就是為名詞供給更多的信息,它分為性質(zhì)形容詞和表達(dá)形容詞兩類(lèi).二、形容詞的地點(diǎn)1、單個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí),一般要放在名詞的前面，做定語(yǔ)。它們的前面經(jīng)常帶有冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞、指示代詞、數(shù)詞等。比方:aredflower一朵紅花thisinterestingstory這個(gè)風(fēng)趣的故事sixblindmen六個(gè)盲人myownhouse我自己的房屋形容詞修飾something,anything,nothing,everything等不定代詞時(shí),形容詞放在名詞后邊。比方：Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.Isthereanythinginterestinginthefilm.三、形容詞和副詞的等級(jí)變化大部分形容詞和副詞有三個(gè)級(jí)：原級(jí)（即原形）、比較級(jí)和最高等。1一般在詞尾端加er變比較級(jí)，加est變最高等。strong—stronger-strongestsmall--smaller--smallesthard→harder→hardestfast→faster→fastest2假如以e結(jié)尾，只加r或st。nice--nicer--nicestfine--finer--finest以重讀閉音節(jié)，尾端只有一個(gè)輔音字母，須先雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母，再加er或est。sad--sadder--

saddest

big--bigger--biggesthot--hotter

--hottest以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞，把y變?yōu)閕，再加er或est。angry--angrier-angriestearly→earlier→earliesthungry-hungrier-hungriest5、可是，開(kāi)放類(lèi)副詞即形容詞加ly結(jié)尾變?yōu)榈母痹~加more或most.如quickly→morequickly→mostquicklyquietly→morequietly→mostquietlyslowly—moreslowly—mostslowly［注］：early中的ly不是后綴，故把y變i再加er和est6、大部分雙音節(jié)和全部多音節(jié)詞都在其前面加more變比較級(jí)，most變最高等different-moredifferent-mostdifferentbeautiful--morebeautiful--themostbeautifulexpensive--moreexpensive--themostexpensive可是，以形容前綴un結(jié)尾的三音節(jié)形容詞不合適上述狀況，如unhappy,untidy，我們能夠說(shuō)：unhappier→unhappiest,形容詞比較級(jí)和最高等的不規(guī)則變化原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高等good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastoldolder（新舊或年紀(jì)）/elderoldest/eldest（兄弟姐妹的長(zhǎng)幼關(guān)系）far（表示距離，譯為farthest/furthestfarther“更遠(yuǎn)”）/further（表示程度，譯為“進(jìn)一步的”）四．形容詞副詞的用法1."the+形容詞",表示一類(lèi)人或事物,相當(dāng)于名詞,用作主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)Theoldoftenthinkofoldthings.2"The+形容詞比較級(jí)...,the+形容詞比較級(jí)..."表示"越...就..."。Themoreyoustudy,themoreyouknow.3、"形容詞比較級(jí)+and+形容詞比較級(jí)",表示"愈來(lái)愈..."。It'sgettinghotterandhotter.主+(系)+as+形容原形+as+從句。表示二者比同樣。Thisboxisasbigasmine.ScienceisasimportantasChinese.科學(xué)和文一重要。其否認(rèn)式，句型“...notso(as)＋形容或副的原形＋as...”“前者不如后者”eg.Thisclassroomisnotas/sobigasthatone.教室沒(méi)有那教室大。、比：兩個(gè)或兩部分人或事物行比用比。比由“A..形容(副)的比＋thanB”組成,表示“A比更為?”。eg:Heismoreathleticthanhistwinbrother.他比他的雙胞胎弟弟更運(yùn)。Thatmustbealotmorefunthantakingabus.那必定比坐公汽風(fēng)趣的多。Marysingsbetterthanhersister.莉比她妹妹唱得好些。要點(diǎn)：alittle,abit,alot,much，even,far等后的形容或副用比。too,so,quite,how后只好用原形。6、形容詞和副詞最高等用于三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人和物進(jìn)行比較。ShanghaiisoneofthebiggestcitiesinChina.五、講堂練習(xí)一.單項(xiàng)填空1．---It’ssocoldtoday.---Yes,itA.morecold

’s

thanitwasyesterday.B.morecolder

C.muchcolder

D.cold2．LittleTomhasA.more

friends,soheoftenplaysalone.B.alittleC.many

D.few3．SheisnA.well

’tso

atmathsasyouare.B.goodC.better

D.best4．Peterwrites

ofthethree.A.better

B.best

C.good

D.well5．Heisenoughtocarrytheheavybox.A.strongerB.muchstrongerC.stron

D.thestrongest6．TheboxisA.too;to

heavyforthegirlB.to;too

carry.C.so;that

D.no;to7．Theiceinthelakeisaboutonemeter

.It

’sstrongenoughtoskateon.A.long

B.high

C.thick

D.wide8．WuLinranA.so

fasterthantheotherboysinthesportsmeeting.B.muchC.veryD.too9、---Whichis________,thesun,themoonortheearth?---Ofcoursethemoonis.A.smallB.smallerC.smallestD.thesmallest二.選擇填空。Thenewlibraryhas______________(many,more)booksthantheoldone.Sallyis______________(tall,taller)thanhercousin.Ourschoolismuch______________(large,larger)thanyours.Look,Janetisjumping______________(high,higher)thanMike.5．MrHarerunsmuch______________(fast,faster)thanMrTurtle.MrHareneedn’trun(fast,faster)now.Inthegym,Tommyisplayingtabletennis______________(well,better)thanJimmy.Thisbookisvery______________(interesting,moreinteresting),butthatoneis______________(interesting,moreinteresting)thanit.三.用所給單詞的合適形式填空。1.Myschoolis______________,butTom’sschoolis______________thanmine.AndSally’sschoolisthe______________.(small)Rabbitscanrun____________