考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東協(xié)和學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東協(xié)和學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

XI.IntellectualPropertyLaw

Section106oftheCopyrightActgrants“theownerofcopyrightunderthistitle”certain“exclusiverights,”includingtheright“todistributecopies...ofthecopyrightedworktothepublicbysaleorothertransferofownership.”Theserightsarequalified,however,bytheapplicationofvariouslimitationssetforthinthenextseveralsectionsoftheAct,107through122.Thosesections,typicallyentitled“Limitationsonexclusiverights,”include,forexample,theprincipleof“fairuse”(107),permissionforlimitedlibraryarchivalreproduction,(108),andthedoctrineatissuehere,the“firstsale”doctrine(109).

Section109(a)setsforththe“firstsale”doctrineasfollows:“Notwithstandingtheprovisionsofsection106(3)[thesectionthatgrantstheownerexclusivedistributionrights],theownerofaparticularcopyorphonorecordlawfullymadeunderthistitle…isentitled,withouttheauthorityofthecopyrightowner,tosellorotherwisedisposeofthepossessionofthatcopyorphonorecord”,Thus,eventhough106(3)forbidsdistributionofacopyof,say,thecopyrightednovelHerzogwithoutthecopyrightowner’spermission,109(a)addsthat,onceacopyofHerzoghasbeenlawfullysold(oritsownershipotherwiselawfullytransferred),thebuyerofthatcopyandsubsequentownersarefreetodisposeofitastheywish.Incopyrightjargon,the“firstsale”has“exhausted”thecopyrightowner’s106(3)exclusivedistributionright.

What,however,ifthecopyofHerzogwasprintedabroadandtheninitiallysoldwiththecopyrightowner’spermission?Doesthe“firstsale”doctrinestillapply?IsthebuyerfreetobringthecopyintotheUnitedStatesanddisposeofitasheorshewishes?Toputthemattertechnically,an“importation”provision,602(a)(1),saysthat“importationintotheUnitedStates,withouttheauthorityoftheownerofcopyrightunderthistitle,ofcopies...ofaworkthathavebeenacquiredoutsidetheUnitedStatesisaninfringementoftheexclusiverighttodistributecopies…undersection106…”Thus602(a)(1)makesclearthatimportingacopywithoutpermissionviolatestheowner’sexclusivedistributionright.Butindoingso,602(a)(1)refersexplicitlytothe106(3)exclusivedistributionright.Aswehavejustsaid,106isbyitsterms“subjectto”thevariousdoctrinesandprinciplescontainedin107through122,including109(a)’s“firstsale”limitation.Dothosesamemodificationsapply—inparticular,doesthe“firstsale”modificationapply—whenconsideringwhether602(a)(1)prohibitsimportingacopy?

1.Whichwordisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“qualified”inthefirstparagraph?

2.Fromthesecondparagraph,onecanknowthatthe“firstsale”doctrine___.

3.Whatquestionistheauthoraskinginthelastparagraph?

4.Fromtheaboveparagraphs,weknowthatthestatementof___isnottrue.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.restricted

B.limited

C.eligible

D.certified

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.permitsownerofaparticularcopytodisposeofitastheywish

B.isacopyrightjargonthatordinarypeopledonotuse

C.setslimitationtoacopyrightowner’sexclusivedistributionright

D.forbidsdistributionofacopyofthecopyrightednovelHerzogwithoutthecopyrightowner’spermission

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.WastheHerzogprintedabroadandthensoldwiththecopyrightowner’spermission?

B.IsthebuyerfreetobringacopyintotheUnitedStatesanddisposeofitashe/shewishes?

C.Does602(a)(1)prohibitsimportingacopy?

D.Doesthe“firstsale”doctrineapplywhenacopyisinitiallysoldabroadwiththepermissionofthecopyrightowner?

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Acopyrightowner’sdistributionrightisunlimited.

B.107through122containvariousdoctrinesandprincipleslimitingtherightsconferredby106.

C.602(a)(1)grantsacopyrightownerimportationright.

D.Copyrightsconferredby106arenotunlimited.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】1.詞義辨析題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段Theserightsarequalified,however,bytheapplicationofvariouslimitationssetforthinthenextseveralsectionsoftheAct,107through122.（然而，這些權(quán)利是有限制的，這些限制將在法案接下來(lái)的107至122節(jié)中提出），根據(jù)句子中l(wèi)imitations“限制；局限性”可推測(cè)qualified表示“限制”，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；A選項(xiàng)“限制；約束；限定（強(qiáng)調(diào)約束，這種約束大多來(lái)自法律等約束性文件）”；B選項(xiàng)“限制；限定（強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間，范圍，數(shù)量的限制）”；C選項(xiàng)“合格的，合適的；符合條件的；有資格當(dāng)選的”；D選項(xiàng)“證明；保證”。因此A選項(xiàng)正確

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段Thus,eventhough106(3)forbidsdistributionofacopyof,say,thecopyrightednovelHerzogwithoutthecopyrightowner’spermission,109(a)addsthat,onceacopyofHerzoghasbeenlawfullysold(oritsownershipotherwiselawfullytransferred),thebuyerofthatcopyandsubsequentownersarefreetodisposeofitastheywish.Incopyrightjargon,the“firstsale”has“exhausted”thecopyrightowner’s106(3)exclusivedistributionright.（因此，即使106（3）禁止分發(fā)一份，說(shuō)，這部小說(shuō)版權(quán)赫爾佐格未經(jīng)著作權(quán)人許可，109（a）補(bǔ)充道，一旦赫爾佐格的一個(gè)副本被依法出售（或其所有權(quán)否則依法轉(zhuǎn)移），買方的復(fù)制和隨后的所有者可以按照他們的想法自由處置它。用版權(quán)術(shù)語(yǔ)來(lái)說(shuō)，“首次銷售”已經(jīng)“耗盡”了版權(quán)所有者的106（3）獨(dú)家經(jīng)銷權(quán)）可知選C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)版權(quán)所有人的獨(dú)家發(fā)行權(quán)設(shè)置限制”，D選項(xiàng)“禁止未經(jīng)版權(quán)所有者的許可發(fā)行受版權(quán)保護(hù)的小說(shuō)赫爾佐格的副本”屬于106（3）的內(nèi)容而不是“首次銷售”原則，錯(cuò)誤，同時(shí)可知A選項(xiàng)“允許某一特定副本的所有者按照他們的意愿處理它”錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)“是一個(gè)普通人不會(huì)使用的版權(quán)術(shù)語(yǔ)”在第二段未提及。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段What,however,ifthecopyofHerzogwasprintedabroadandtheninitiallysoldwiththecopyrightowner’spermission?Doesthe“firstsale”doctrinestillapply?IsthebuyerfreetobringthecopyintotheUnitedStatesanddisposeofitasheorshewishes?（然而，如果赫爾佐格的復(fù)制品在國(guó)外印刷，然后在版權(quán)所有者的允許下最初出售，那會(huì)怎么樣呢?“首次銷售”原則還適用嗎？買家是否可以自由地將復(fù)印件帶入美國(guó)并按照他或她的意愿進(jìn)行處理？）可知D選項(xiàng)“在版權(quán)所有人許可下，最初在國(guó)外出售副本時(shí)，‘首次出售’原則是否適用？”符合原文，同時(shí)可知A選項(xiàng)“《赫爾佐格》是先在國(guó)外印刷，然后在版權(quán)所有者的許可下出售的嗎?”錯(cuò)誤，B選項(xiàng)“買方是否可以攜帶一份復(fù)印件進(jìn)入美國(guó)并按照他/她的意愿處理”這個(gè)問(wèn)題是建立在D選項(xiàng)的前提上，需要有前提，而不是直接這么作為問(wèn)題；最后一段最后一句Dothosesamemodificationsapply—inparticular,doesthe“firstsale”modificationapply—whenconsideringwhether602(a)(1)prohibitsimportingacopy?（當(dāng)考慮602（a）（1）是否禁止進(jìn)口副本時(shí)，這些相同的修改適用嗎？特別是“首次銷售”修改適用嗎？）可知C選項(xiàng)“602（a）（1）”和原文不符。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Section106oftheCopyrightActgrants“theownerofcopyrightunderthistitle”certain“exclusiverights,”includingtheright“todistributecopies...ofthecopyrightedworktothepublicbysaleorothertransferofownership.”（《版權(quán)法》第106節(jié)授予“版權(quán)所有人”某些“專有權(quán)”，包括“分發(fā)副本……將受版權(quán)保護(hù)的作品出售或以其他方式轉(zhuǎn)讓給公眾”）可知A選項(xiàng)“著作權(quán)人的發(fā)行權(quán)是無(wú)限的”符合原文；根據(jù)第一段第二句Theserightsarequalified,however,bytheapplicationofvariouslimitationssetforthinthenextseveralsectionsoftheAct,107through122.（然而，這些權(quán)利是有限制的，這些限制將在法案接下來(lái)的107至122節(jié)中提出）可知B選項(xiàng)“107至122包含限制106所賦予的權(quán)利的各種學(xué)說(shuō)和原則”符合原文；根據(jù)第二段最后一句Incopyrightjargon,the“firstsale”has“exhausted”thecopyrightowner’s106(3)exclusivedistributionright.（用版權(quán)術(shù)語(yǔ)來(lái)說(shuō)，“首次銷售”已經(jīng)“耗盡”了版權(quán)所有者的106（3）獨(dú)家經(jīng)銷權(quán)）可知D選項(xiàng)“106授予的版權(quán)不是無(wú)限的”符合原文；C選項(xiàng)“602（a）（1）授予版權(quán)所有人進(jìn)口權(quán)”原文未提及。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.問(wèn)答題

With(A)thewordscientistwemeanonewhoisequippedto(B)spendalifetimefor(C)theadvancementofsciencetothebest(D)ofone'sability.

【答案】試題答案：A;By

【解析】考查介詞用法。with意為“和，同，具有”，此處表示“根據(jù)科學(xué)家這個(gè)詞，我們說(shuō)的是一個(gè)……”，因此用by（根據(jù)，按照）。

3.單選題

M:IsthereanythingIcandoforyou.Madam?

W:I’dliketoseesomelinen,please.

Q:Wherearethetwopeople?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Inasportsdepartment.

B.Inatextiledepartment.

C.Inahotel.

D.Inashoedepartment.

【答案】B

【解析】根據(jù)題目“l(fā)inen亞麻布”可知B選項(xiàng)‘紡織部’正確。

4.單選題

Thecaptainoftheshipenteredthedetailsinthe（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.lounge

B.log

C.motel

D.shipwreck

【答案】B

【解析】lounge休息室；log航行日志,記錄；motel汽車旅館；shipwreck海難,遇難船。句意:船長(zhǎng)把詳細(xì)情況寫進(jìn)了航海日志。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

5.單選題

Singapore-basedcompanyPolychemyisusing3Dprinterstomakepersonalizedjewelry—thinknameplatenecklaces（）inadozenlanguages,orsportsteamlogopendants.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.precious

B.preferred

C.available

D.customizable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)precious表示“寶貴的，珍貴的”，B選項(xiàng)preferred表示“優(yōu)先的，首選的”，C選項(xiàng)available表示“可獲得的，有空的，可利用的”，D選項(xiàng)customizable表示“可定制的”。由后文關(guān)鍵信息“inadozenlanguages”可知，這些銘牌是可以用十幾種語(yǔ)言表述出來(lái)的，因此，制作多種語(yǔ)言的銘牌是可實(shí)現(xiàn)的，能做到的。故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

6.單選題

TheroleofAmericanwomen（）significantlyfromthetimethenationwasborn,tothemoderneraofthe1950sand1960s.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.haschanged

B.hasbeenchanged

C.changed

D.hadbeenchanged

【答案】D

【解析】語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。根據(jù)句意可知，這里應(yīng)該用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)，首先排除選項(xiàng)A和C；role與change之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

7.單選題

IV.(CriminalLaw)

Theacrimoniousdebateovercapitalpunishmenthascontinuedforcenturies.Inrecentdecades,thedebatehasheatedupintheU.S.followingtheSupremeCourt-imposedmoratoriumoncapitalpunishment.Currently,severalstatesareconsideringachangeintheirpoliciesregardingthestatusofthedeathpenalty.Nebraska’slegislature,forexample,recentlypassedatwo-yearmoratoriumonexecutions,whichwas,however,vetoedbythestate’sgovernor.Tenotherstateshaveatleastconsideredamoratoriumlastyear.ThegroupincludesOklahomawhoselegislaturewillsoonconsiderabillimposingatwo-yearmoratoriumonexecutionsandestablishingataskforcetoresearchtheeffectivenessofcapitalpunishment.ThelegislatureinNebraskaandIllinoishasalsocalledforsimilarresearch.InMassachusetts,however,theHouseofRepresentativesvoteddownabillsupportedbythegovernortoreinstatethedeathpenalty.

Animportantissueinthisdebateiswhethercapitalpunishmentdetersmurders.Psychologistsandcriminologistswhoexaminedtheissueinitiallyreportednodeterrenteffect.EconomistsjoinedthedebatewiththepioneeringworkofEhrlich.Ehrlich’sregressionresults,usingU.S.aggregatetime-seriesfor1933-1969andstatelevelcross-sectionaldatafor1940and1950,suggestasignificantdeterrenteffect,whichsharplycontrastswithearlierfindings.ThepolicyimportanceoftheresearchinthisareaisborneoutbytheconsiderablepublicattentionthatEhrlich’sworkhasreceived.TheSolicitorGeneraloftheUnitedStates,forexample,introducedEhrlich’sfindingstotheSupremeCourt,insupportofcapitalpunishment.

CoincidingwiththeSupremeCourt’sdeliberation,ontheissue,Ehrlich’sfindinginspiredaninterestineconometricanalysisofdeterrence,leadingtomanystudiesthatusehisdatabutdifferentregressionspecifications—differentregressorsordifferentchoiceofendogenousvs.exogenousvariables.ThemixedfindingspromptedaseriesofsensitivityanalysesonEhrlich’sequations,reflectingafurtheremphasisonspecification.

Dataissues,ontheotherhand,havereceivedfarlessattention.Mostoftheexistingstudiesuseeithertime-seriesorcross-sectiondata.Thestudiesthatusenationaltime-seriesdataareaffectedbyanaggregationproblem.Anydeterrencefromanexecutionshouldaffectthecrimerateonlyintheexecutingstate.Aggregationdilutessuchdistincteffects.Crosssectionalstudiesarelesssensitivetothisproblem,buttheirstaticformulationprecludesanyconsiderationofthedynamicsofcrime,lawenforcement,andjudicialprocesses.Moreover,crosssectionalstudiesareaffectedbyunobservedheterogeneitywhichcannotbecontrolledforintheabsenceoftimevariation.

HashemDezhbakhshandPaulH.Rubin:“DoesCapitalPunishmentHaveaDeterrentEffect?”

63.Fromthefirstparagraph,onecanknowthatintheUS___.

64.Whichofthefollowinggroupofpeoplethoughtthatcapitalpunishmenthadnodeterrenteffect?

65.Accordingtothe3rdparagraph,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

66.Inthe4thparagraph,theauthorthinksthat___.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theexecutivebranchisinoppositeopinionwiththelegislatureatthestatelevelregardingdeathpenalty

B.severalstatesareconsideringreinstatethedeathpenalty

C.Oklahomadecidedtosuspenddeathpenaltyfortwoyears

D.somestates’legislaturehasalsocalledforresearchoncancellationofcapitalsentence

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Economistsandcriminologists

B.Psychologistsandcriminologists

C.Psychologistsandeconomists

D.EconomistsandEhrlich

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Ehrlich’sfindingcausedotherstoanalyzethedeterrenceeffectofdeathpenalty.

B.ManypeopleusedEhrlich’sdataintheiranalysisbutinadifferentway.

C.Thefindingofothers’researchwassimilar.

D.Ehrlichprovidedanequationinhisanalysis.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.crosssectionalstudiesaremoresensitivetoaggregation

B.time-seriesdataarenotinfluencedbyaggregation

C.unobservedheterogeneitycannotbecontrolledforintheabsenceoftimevariation

D.dataissuehadnotbeenpaidenoughattentionasitshouldbe

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】63.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段末ThelegislatureinNebraskaandIllinoishasalsocalledforsimilarresearch.InMassachusetts,however,theHouseofRepresentativesvoteddownabillsupportedbythegovernortoreinstatethedeathpenalty.（內(nèi)布拉斯加州和伊利諾伊州的立法機(jī)構(gòu)也呼吁進(jìn)行類似的研究。然而，在馬薩諸塞州，眾議院投票否決了州長(zhǎng)支持的恢復(fù)死刑的法案）可知行政部門與州一級(jí)的立法機(jī)關(guān)關(guān)于死刑的意見會(huì)有分歧，選A選項(xiàng)“在死刑問(wèn)題上，行政部門與州一級(jí)的立法機(jī)關(guān)持相反意見”，同時(shí)可知D選項(xiàng)“一些州的立法機(jī)構(gòu)也呼吁研究取消死刑”錯(cuò)誤，一些州的立法機(jī)構(gòu)不贊同取消；B選項(xiàng)“若干國(guó)家正在考慮恢復(fù)死刑”在第一段未涉及；第一段Tenotherstateshaveatleastconsideredamoratoriumlastyear.ThegroupincludesOklahomawhoselegislaturewillsoonconsiderabillimposingatwo-yearmoratoriumonexecutionsandestablishingataskforcetoresearchtheeffectivenessofcapitalpunishment.（其他十個(gè)州去年也至少考慮過(guò)暫停。該組織包括俄克拉荷馬州，該州的立法機(jī)構(gòu)很快將考慮一項(xiàng)法案，要求暫停執(zhí)行死刑兩年，并成立一個(gè)特別工作組來(lái)研究死刑的有效性）可知C選項(xiàng)“俄克拉荷馬州決定死刑緩期兩年執(zhí)行”錯(cuò)誤，俄克拉荷馬州只是考慮，并不是決定執(zhí)行。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

64.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段Psychologistsandcriminologistswhoexaminedtheissueinitiallyreportednodeterrenteffect.EconomistsjoinedthedebatewiththepioneeringworkofEhrlich.（最初研究這個(gè)問(wèn)題的心理學(xué)家和犯罪學(xué)家報(bào)告說(shuō)沒有威懾作用。經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們以埃利希的開創(chuàng)性工作加入了這場(chǎng)辯論）可知最初是心理學(xué)家和犯罪學(xué)家報(bào)告說(shuō)沒有威懾作用，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們隨后加入辯論，選B選項(xiàng)“心理學(xué)家和犯罪學(xué)家”；A選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家和犯罪學(xué)家”，C選項(xiàng)“心理學(xué)家和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家”以及D選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家和埃利?！辈环显?。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

65.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段第一句CoincidingwiththeSupremeCourt’sdeliberation,ontheissue,Ehrlich’sfindinginspiredaninterestineconometricanalysisofdeterrence,leadingtomanystudiesthatusehisdatabutdifferentregressionspecifications—differentregressorsordifferentchoiceofendogenousvs.exogenousvariables.（與最高法院對(duì)該問(wèn)題的審議一致，埃利希的發(fā)現(xiàn)激發(fā)了對(duì)威懾的計(jì)量經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析的興趣，導(dǎo)致許多研究使用了他的數(shù)據(jù)，但回歸規(guī)格不同——不同的回歸者或內(nèi)生變量與外生變量的不同選擇）可知A選項(xiàng)“埃利希的發(fā)現(xiàn)引起了其他人對(duì)死刑威懾效應(yīng)的分析”，B選項(xiàng)“很多人在他們的分析中使用了埃利希的數(shù)據(jù)，但是是以不同的方式”正確；第三段第二句ThemixedfindingspromptedaseriesofsensitivityanalysesonEhrlich’sequations,reflectingafurtheremphasisonspecification.（這些研究結(jié)果綜合對(duì)埃利希的經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)量公式進(jìn)行了靈敏度分析，進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)了參數(shù)的重要性）可知C選項(xiàng)“其他人的研究結(jié)果是相似的”錯(cuò)誤，并沒有說(shuō)其他人的研究結(jié)果是相似的，D選項(xiàng)“埃利希在他的分析中提供了一個(gè)方程”正確。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

66.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第四段第一句Dataissues,ontheotherhand,havereceivedfarlessattention.（另一方面，數(shù)據(jù)問(wèn)題受到的關(guān)注要少得多）可知作者第一句話就表明觀點(diǎn)——研究分析中所利用的數(shù)據(jù)問(wèn)題并沒有被給予足夠的重視，接下來(lái)作者論述大多數(shù)現(xiàn)有的研究使用的都是時(shí)間序列數(shù)據(jù)或截面數(shù)據(jù)，這兩種數(shù)據(jù)都各有弊端，選D選項(xiàng)“數(shù)據(jù)問(wèn)題沒有得到應(yīng)有的重視”；第四段Crosssectionalstudiesarelesssensitivetothisproblem（橫斷面研究對(duì)這一問(wèn)題不太敏感）可知A選項(xiàng)“橫斷面研究對(duì)聚集更敏感”錯(cuò)誤；第四段Thestudiesthatusenationaltime-seriesdataareaffectedbyanaggregationproblem.（使用國(guó)家時(shí)間序列數(shù)據(jù)的研究受到聚集問(wèn)題的影響）可知B選項(xiàng)“時(shí)間序列數(shù)據(jù)不受聚合影響”錯(cuò)誤；第四段Moreover,crosssectionalstudiesareaffectedbyunobservedheterogeneitywhichcannotbecontrolledforintheabsenceoftimevariation.（此外，橫斷面研究受到未觀察到的異質(zhì)性的影響，這在沒有時(shí)間變化的情況下是無(wú)法控制的）可知C選項(xiàng)“在沒有時(shí)間變化的情況下，無(wú)法控制未觀察到的異質(zhì)性”邏輯關(guān)系錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.單選題

Thechocolatecompanymaintainedstablesales______andincreasedprofitsby4.7%inthefiscalperiodendinginFebruary.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.volumes

B.rows

C.dimensions

D.outputs

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)volumes“體積，容量”；B選項(xiàng)rows“一排，一行；一排座位；排屋，排房”；C選項(xiàng)dimensions“規(guī)模，大小”；D選項(xiàng)outputs“輸出”。句意：在2月份結(jié)賬期結(jié)束巧克力公司保持穩(wěn)定的銷售……，并增加了4.7%的利潤(rùn)。salesvolumes為固定搭配，譯為銷售量，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

InatimeoflowacademicachievementbychildrenintheUnitedStates,manyAmericansareturningtoJapan,acountryofhighacademicachievementandeconomicsuccess,forpossibleanswers.However,theanswersprovidedbyJapanesepreschoolsarenottheonesAmericansexpectedtofind.InmostJapanesepreschools,surprisingly,littleemphasisisputonacademicinstruction.Inoneinvestigation,300Japaneseand210Americanpreschoolteachers,childdevelopmentspecialists,andparentswereaskedaboutvariousaspectsofearlychildhoodeducation.Only2percentoftheJapaneserespondents（答問(wèn)卷者）listed“togivechildrenagoodstartacademically”asoneoftheirtopthreereasonsforasocietytohavepreschools.Incontrast,overhalftheAmericanrespondentschosethisasoneoftheirtopthreechoices.Topreparechildrenforsuccessfulcareersinfirstgradeandbeyond,Japaneseschoolsdonotteachreading,writing,andmathematics,butratherskillssuchaspersistence,concentration,andtheabilitytofunctionasamemberofagroup.ThevastmajorityofyoungJapanesechildrenaretaughttoreadathomebytheirparents.

IntherecentcomparisonofJapaneseandAmericanpreschooleducation,91percentofJapaneserespondentschoseprovidingchildrenwithagroupexperienceasoneoftheirtopthreereasonsforasocietytohavepreschools.Sixty-twopercentofthemoreindividuallyoriented（強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)性發(fā)展的），Americanslistedgroupexperienceasoneoftheirtopthreechoices.AnemphasisontheimportanceofthegroupseeninJapaneseearlychildhoodeducationcontinuesintoelementaryschooleducation.

LikeinAmerica,thereisdiversityinJapaneseearlychildhoodeducation.SomeJapanesekindergartenshavespecificaims,suchasearlymusicaltrainingorpotentialdevelopment.Inlargecities,somekindergartensareattachedtouniversitiesthathaveelementaryandsecondaryschool.

SomeJapaneseparentsbelievethatiftheiryoungchildrenattendauniversity-basedprogram,itwillincreasethechildren’schancesofeventuallybeingadmittedtotop-ratedschoolsanduniversities.SeveralmoreprogressiveprogramshaveintroducedfreeplayasawayoutfortheheavyintellectualizinginsomeJapanesekindergartens.

1.WelearnfromthefirstparagraphthatmanyAmericanbelieve（）.

2.MostAmericansurveyedbelievethatpreschoolsshouldalsoattachimportanceto（）.

3.InJapan’spreschooleducation,thefocusison（）.

4.FreeplayhasbeenintroducedinsomeJapanesekindergartensinorderto（）.

5.WhydosomeJapaneseparentssendtheirchildrentouniversity-basedkindergartens?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.JapaneseparentsaremoreinvolvedinpreschooleducationthanAmericanparents.

B.Japan’seconomicsuccessisaresultoritsscientificachievements.

C.Japanesepreschooleducationemphasizesacademicinstruction.

D.Japan’shighereducationissuperiortotheirs.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.problemsolving

B.groupexperience

C.parentalguidance

D.individually–orienteddevelopment

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.preparingchildrenacademically

B.developingchildren’sartisticinterests

C.lappingchildren’spotential

D.shapingchildren’scharacter

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.broadenchildren’shorizon

B.cultivatechildren’screativity

C.lightenchildren’sstudyload

D.enrichchildren’sknowledge

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theycandobetterintheirfuturestudies.

B.Theycanaccumulatemoregroupexperiencethere.

C.Theycanbeindividuallyorientedwhentheygrowup.

D.Theycanhavebetterchancesofgettingafirst-rateeducation.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“However,theanswersprovidedbyJapanesepreschoolsarenottheonesAmericansexpectedtofind.InmostJapanesepreschools,surprisingly,littleemphasisisputonacademicinstruction.”，可知日本的學(xué)前教育提供的答案并不是美國(guó)人所期望的。令人驚訝的是，在大多數(shù)日本學(xué)前教育中，很少?gòu)?qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)術(shù)教育指導(dǎo)?？膳袛喑雒绹?guó)人相信日本的學(xué)前教育強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)術(shù)指導(dǎo)。相信C符合題意。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“91percentofJapaneserespondentschoseprovidingchildrenwithagroupexperienceasoneoftheirtopthreereasonsforasocietytohavepreschools.Sixty-twopercentofthemoreindividuallyoriented，Americanslistedgroupexperienceasoneoftheirtopthreechoices.”，可知91%的日本受訪者認(rèn)為，讓孩子們有團(tuán)體經(jīng)歷是日本社會(huì)讓孩子接受學(xué)前教育的三大理由之一，62%的美國(guó)受訪者將團(tuán)隊(duì)經(jīng)歷列為他們的三大選擇之一。可判斷出大多數(shù)接受調(diào)查的美國(guó)人認(rèn)為學(xué)齡前兒童也應(yīng)該重視團(tuán)隊(duì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。相信B符合題意。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Japaneseschoolsdonotteachreading,writing,andmathematics,butratherskillssuchaspersistence,concentration,andtheabilitytofunctionasamemberofagroup.”，可知日本的學(xué)校不教授閱讀、寫作和數(shù)學(xué)等學(xué)業(yè)知識(shí)，而是教授諸如堅(jiān)持、專注和團(tuán)隊(duì)意識(shí)等能力。可判斷出在日本的學(xué)前教育中，關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)在于塑造孩子的性格。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章最后一句，“SeveralmoreprogressiveprogramshaveintroducedfreeplayasawayoutfortheheavyintellectualizinginsomeJapanesekindergartens.”，可知一些更先進(jìn)的項(xiàng)目引入了自由游戲，作為一些日本幼兒園擺脫沉重的課業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)的方法?？膳袛喑鋈毡镜膶W(xué)前教育引入了自由玩耍的項(xiàng)目，目的是為了減輕孩子的學(xué)習(xí)負(fù)擔(dān)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“SomeJapaneseparentsbelievethatiftheiryoungchildrenattendauniversity-basedprogram,itwillincreasethechildren’schancesofeventuallybeingadmittedtotop-ratedschoolsanduniversities.”，可知一些日本父母認(rèn)為，如果他們的孩子參加一個(gè)大學(xué)的項(xiàng)目，這將使孩子未來(lái)更有可能被一流學(xué)校和大學(xué)錄取?？膳袛喑鲆恍┤毡靖改赴押⒆铀偷酱髮W(xué)附屬的幼兒園，原因在于這能增加他們上一流大學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)，從而接受最好的教育。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

10.單選題

Theenergeticultravioletradiationis______tolifesinceittendstobreakupthecomplicatedmoleculesonwhichlifedepends.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.indissoluble

B.indolent

C.indiscreet

D.inimical

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)indissoluble“不能分解的，不能溶解的”，B項(xiàng)indolent“懶惰的，無(wú)痛的”，C項(xiàng)indiscreet“輕率的，不慎重的”，D項(xiàng)inimical“敵意的，有害的”。由原因狀語(yǔ)sinceittendstobreakupthecomplicatedmoleculesonwhichlifedepends“因?yàn)樗鼉A向于分解生命所依賴的復(fù)雜分子”可知，“有害的”符合語(yǔ)境。句意：高能的紫外線輻射對(duì)生命是有害的，因?yàn)樗鶗?huì)破壞生命所依賴的復(fù)雜分子。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

E-mailisaconvenient,highlydemocraticinformalmediumforconveyingmessagesthat（

）welltohumanneeds.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conforms

B.adheres

C.reflects

D.satisfies

【答案】B

【解析】句意:電子郵件是一種方便的、非常大眾化的非正式信息傳遞媒介,它很符合人類的需求。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的三單形式。Conform符合,遵照,常與介詞to或with連用;adhere遵守,堅(jiān)持,粘附;reflect反映,反射,反省;satisfy使?jié)M意,滿足,可作及物動(dòng)詞。故B項(xiàng)無(wú)論從語(yǔ)義還是從搭配上都符合題干要求。

12.單選題

Heclaimsthatadvertisingtodaytendstoportraywomenintraditionalrolessuchascookingortakingcareofthebaby.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.depict

B.advocate

C.criticize

D.analyze

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他聲稱，如今的廣告傾向于將女性塑造成做飯或照顧孩子等傳統(tǒng)角色。選項(xiàng)A與劃線部分意思最為接近。

13.單選題

Fewerandfeweroftoday’sworkersexpecttospendtheirworkinglivesinthesamefield,（）thesamecompany.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.allelse

B.muchworse

C.lesslikely

D.letalone

【答案】D

【解析】考查語(yǔ)義辨析。A選項(xiàng)allelse“其他所有”；B選項(xiàng)muchworse“更糟糕的是”；C選項(xiàng)lesslikely“更不可能的是”；D選項(xiàng)letalone“更不必說(shuō)”，句意為：如今想在同一個(gè)領(lǐng)域干一輩子的工人越來(lái)越少，更不用說(shuō)同一個(gè)公司了。D選項(xiàng)符合句意，因此選D。

14.翻譯題

Today’schangedconditionsfordoingsocialtheoryhavedisturbedtheoriginalbalanceoftradebetweenlayandexpertsocialtheorists.Werewetocompare,say,theendofthenineteenthcenturytotheendofthetwentieth,wewouldsoonfindtwomajordifferencesinthecircumstancesaffectingwhothinkaboutsociallifeandhowtheythink.First,thenumberofpeoplewithreadyaccesstoaculturesupportiveofcriticalthinkinghasincreaseddramatically,especiallyaftertheholdoftheEuropeanpowersontheircoloniescametoaformalend,primarilyduringthe1950sand1960s.Second,thepeoplenormallyengagedincriticalsocialthinkingarenolongernecessarilymembersoforidentifiedwithadominantclassofbourgeoisintellectuals.Manyofthenewsocialtheoristsdonotconsiderthemselvesbourgeois,andmanyarevisiblynotanythinglikethewhite,maleadvocatesofEuropeanculturewhowrotethefirst,best-knownsocialtheories.Thesetwodifferences—oneofnumber,oneofkind—makesocialtheorytodayanenterpriselargely,butnotentirely,differentfromthatofthenineteenthcentury.

【答案】【參考譯文】

當(dāng)今社會(huì)理論研究的條件發(fā)生了變化，打破了外行社會(huì)理論家與專家社會(huì)理論家之間原有的貿(mào)易平衡。比如說(shuō)，如果我們比較一下19世紀(jì)末和20世紀(jì)末，我們很快就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)影響人們思考社會(huì)生活和他們?nèi)绾嗡伎嫉沫h(huán)境有兩大不同。首先，有機(jī)會(huì)接觸到支持批判性思維的文化的人數(shù)急劇增加，特別是在歐洲列強(qiáng)對(duì)其殖民地的控制正式結(jié)束之后，主要是在20世紀(jì)50年代和60年代。第二，通常從事批判性社會(huì)思維的人不再一定是或不再被認(rèn)為是資產(chǎn)階級(jí)知識(shí)分子的主導(dǎo)階級(jí)成員。許多新社會(huì)理論家并不認(rèn)為自己是資產(chǎn)階級(jí)，而且許多人顯然一點(diǎn)也不像那些倡導(dǎo)歐洲文化的白人男性，他們寫出了第一批最著名的社會(huì)理論。這兩種不同——一種是數(shù)量上的不同，一種是種類上的不同——使得今天的社會(huì)理論在很大程度上（但不是完全）不同于19世紀(jì)的社會(huì)理論。

15.單選題

What（）aboutthatarticleinthenewspaperwasthatitswritershowedallattitudecoolenough,professionalenoughand,therefore,cruelenoughwhenfacingthattragedy.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.workedmeout

B.knockedmeout

C.broughtmeup

D.putmeforward

【答案】B

【解析】workout算出，解決；knocksb.out把某人打昏，使疲勞；bringsb.up把某人撫養(yǎng)大；putforward提出。句意：報(bào)紙上那篇文章讓我大吃一驚的是，它的作者在面對(duì)那場(chǎng)悲劇時(shí)，表現(xiàn)出了足夠冷靜、足夠?qū)I(yè)的態(tài)度，因此也足夠殘忍。選項(xiàng)B符合語(yǔ)境。

16.單選題

Twodivergentdefinitionshavedominatedsociologists’discussionsofthenatureofethnicity.Thefirstemphasizestheprimordialandunchangingcharacterofethnicity.Inthisview,peoplehaveanessentialneedforbelongingthatissatisfiedbymembershipingroupsbasedonsharedancestryandculture.Adifferentconceptionofethnicityde-emphasizestheculturalcomponentanddefinesethnicgroupsasinterestgroups.Inthisview,ethnicityservesasawayofmobilizingacertainpopulationbehindissuesrelatingtoitseconomicposition.Whilebothofthesedefinitionsareuseful,neitherfullycapturesthedynamicandchangingaspectsofethnicityintheUnitedStates.

Rather,ethnicityismoresatisfactorilyconceivedofasaprocessinwhichpreexistingcommunalbondsandcommonculturalattributesareadaptedforinstrumentalpurposesaccordingtochangingreal-lifesituations.

OneexampleofthisprocessistheriseofparticipationbyNativeAmericanpeopleinthebroaderUnitedStatespoliticalsystemsincetheCivilRightsmovementofthe1960’s.BesidesleadingNativeAmericanstoparticipatemoreactivelyinpolitics(thenumberofNativeAmericanlegislativeofficeholdersmorethandoubled),thismovementalsoevokedincreasedinterestintribalhistoryandtraditionalculture.Culturalandinstrumentalcomponentsofethnicityarenotmutuallyexclusive,butratherreinforceoneanother.

TheCivilRightsmovementalsobroughtchangesintheusestowhichethnicitywasputbyMexicanAmericanpeople.Inthe1960’s,MexicanAmericansformedcommunity-basedpoliticalgroupsthatemphasizedancestralheritageasawayofmobilizingconstituents.SuchemergingissuesasimmigrationandvotingrightsgaveMexicanAmericanadvocacygroupsthemeansbywhichtopromoteethnicsolidarity.LikeEuropeanethnicgroupsinthenineteenth-centuryUnitedStates,late-twentieth-centuryMexicanAmericanleaderscombinedethnicwithcontemporarycivicsymbols.In1968HenryCensors,thenmayorofSanAntonio,Texas,citedMexicanleaderBenitoJuarezasamodelforMexicanAmericansintheirfightforcontemporarycivilrights.Andeveryyear,MexicanAmericanscelebrateCincodeMayoasferventlyasmanyIrishAmericanpeopleembraceSt.Patrick’sDay(botharemajorholidaysinthecountriesoforigin),withbothholidayshavingbeenreinventedinthecontextoftheUnitedStatesandlinkedtoideals,symbols,andheroesoftheUnitedStates.

46.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?

47.Whichisthefollowingstatementsaboutthefirsttwodefinitionsofethnicitydiscussedinthefirstparagraphissupportedbythepassage?

48.TheauthorofthepassagereferstoNativeAmericanpeopleinthesecondparagraphinordertoprovideanexampleof____.

49.ThepassagesupportswhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheMexicanAmericancommunity?

50.Whichofthefollowingtypesofethnicculturalexpressionisdiscussedinthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Intheirdefinitionsofthenatureofethnicity