考研考博-英語-安徽師范大學(xué)皖江學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽師范大學(xué)皖江學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

中國奉行防御性的國防政策，加強(qiáng)國防建設(shè)的目的是維護(hù)國家主權(quán)、安全、領(lǐng)土完整，保障國家和平發(fā)展。中國軍隊始終是維護(hù)世界和平的堅定力量，將一如既往的同各國加強(qiáng)軍事合作、增進(jìn)軍事互信，參與地區(qū)和國際安全事務(wù)，在國際政治和安全領(lǐng)域發(fā)揮積極作用。

加強(qiáng)高新技術(shù)武器裝備建設(shè)，加快全面建設(shè)現(xiàn)代后勤，培養(yǎng)大批高素質(zhì)新型軍事人才，深入開展信息化條件下軍事訓(xùn)練，增強(qiáng)基于信息系統(tǒng)的體系作戰(zhàn)能力。

【答案】答：

Chinapursuesanationaldefensepolicythatisdefensiveinnature.OurendeavorstostrengthennationaldefenseaimtosafeguardChina’ssovereignty,securityandterritorialintegrityandensureitspeacefuldevelopment.China’sarmedforceshavealwaysbeenastaunchforceupholdingworldpeaceandwillcontinuetoincreasecooperationandmutualtrustwiththearmedforcesofothercountries,participateinregionalandinternationalsecurityaffairs,andthusplayanactiveroleininternationalpoliticalandsecurityfields.

Weshouldstrengthenthedevelopmentofnew-andhigh-technologyweaponsandequipment,speedupthecompletedevelopmentofmodernlogistics,trainanewtypeofhigh-calibermilitarypersonnelinlargenumbers,intensivelycarryoutmilitarytrainingundercomputerizedconditions,andenhanceintegratedcombatcapabilitybasedonextensiveITapplication.

2.單選題

Justasyoudonotwishothersto（

）theirdesiresuponyou,youmustleaveittothemtobefreetofollowtheirowndirectioninlife.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inflict

B.dispute

C.ridicule

D.antedate

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)inflict“把……強(qiáng)加給，使承受，遭受”；B選項(xiàng)dispute“辯論，爭論”；C選項(xiàng)ridicule“嘲笑，奚落”；D選項(xiàng)antedate“預(yù)期，預(yù)料，居先”。由后面的“youmustleaveittothemtobefreetofollowtheirowndirectioninlife（你必須讓他們自由地遵循他們自己的生活方向）”可知A選項(xiàng)與其意思對應(yīng)。句意：就像你不希望別人把意愿強(qiáng)加在你身上，你必須讓他們自由地遵循他們自己的生活方向。

3.單選題

Themeetingwas（）overbythemayortodiscussthetaxraiseinthecity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.presumed

B.propelled

C.presided

D.pricked

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項(xiàng)presume“相信，擅自行為”，B項(xiàng)propel“推進(jìn)，驅(qū)使”，C項(xiàng)preside“主持”，D項(xiàng)prick“戳，扎破”。根據(jù)空格前后的關(guān)鍵詞meeting（會議）和mayor（市長）可知，空格部分應(yīng)該表示“主持會議”。句意：會議由市長主持，討論該市的增稅問題。故該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Mostoftheleadingfoodshopshavepromisedto（

）pricesuntilafterthenewyear.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.keepoff

B.keepdown

C.keepout

D.keepback

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。keepoff“讓開，不接近”；keepdown“控制，縮減”；keepout“阻止進(jìn)入”；keepback“留下；隱瞞；阻止”。句意：大部分大食品商店都承諾在新年之前保持低價。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.單選題

Infact,thecountryhasexhibitedconsiderableflexibility,relaxingitspositiononmany_______issues,

includingagriculturalsubsidies.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.surpassing

B.commodious

C.contentious

D.judicable

【答案】C

【解析】surpassing勝過的,優(yōu)秀的;commodious寬敞的,方便的;contentious有爭議的,訴訟的;judicable應(yīng)受審判的。句意：事實(shí)上,該國表現(xiàn)出相當(dāng)大的靈活性,在包括農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼在內(nèi)的許多有爭議的問題上放松了立場。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

6.單選題

Experiencedbaseballfielderscantellhowfaraballisgoingtotraveljustbylisteningtothecrackofthebat.Iftheydidn't,theywouldn'tstandachanceofcatchingit,claimsaphysicistinNewYork.

“Whenabaseballishitstraightatanoutfielder,hecannotquicklyjudgetheangleofthescentandthedistancetheballwilltravel,”saysRobertAdair,aphysicistatYaleUniversity.Ifhereliedpurelyuponvisualinformation,thefielderwouldhavetowaitforaboutone-and-a-halfsecondsbeforehecouldtellaccuratelyifthepitcherhittheballlongorshort.Bythistimetheballmayhavetraveledtoofarforhimtoreachitintime.

Tostandafightingchanceofcatchingit,accordingtoAdair,fieldersmustlistentothesoundtheballhittingthebattojudgehowfaritwilltravel.Thereisanecdotalevidencetosupportthis,hesays.AformercentrefieldertoldAdair:“IfIheardacrackIranout,ifIheardaclunk,Iranin.”

Totesthishypothesis,Adaircalculatedhowquicklyafieldercouldchangedirectionifhehadmisjudgedwhethertheballwasgoinglongorshort.Thedifferencebetweenthe“crack”and“clunk”canbeexplainedbyhowwellthebatterhashittheball,andcouldmeanadifferenceinrunningdistanceofasmuchas30meters,hetolddelegatesatameetingoftheAcousticalSocietyofAmericaninChicagolastweek.

Scientistsalreadyknewthattohitaballlongthebattermuststrikeitsomewherenearthevibrationalnodeofthebat,knownasthesweetspot.Ballshitonthesweetspotgeneratefewerenergy-sappingvibrationsinthebat,allowinggreaterenergytransfertotheball.Conversely,mishitballsmakethebatvibratestronglyandsodonottravelasfar.

Adairisquicktopointoutthatthisonlyappliestowoodenbats,whichareusedinmajorleaguebaseball.Aluminumbats,ontheotherhand,tendtoproduceafairlyuniform“ping”soundregardlessofwhereyouhitthem.

1.AccordingtoRobertAdair,whycan’tanoutfielderrelypurelyonvisualinformation?

2.Fromparagraph3wecaninferthata“crack”maymean().

3.Ifthebatvibratesverylittle,().

4.Adairpointsoutthathistheorycan’tbeappliedtoaluminumbatsbecause().

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsummarizesthemainideaofthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Becauseitmaytakelongertimeforhimtoexertjudgment.

B.Becausetheballmaychangedirectionsduringflight.

C.Becausetheballmaybehiteitherlongorshort.

D.Becauselighttravelsfasterthansound.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.alongball

B.ashortball

C.agoodball

D.amishitball

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thefielderisunabletocatchthesound

B.theballwilltraveltoashortdistance

C.theballmayreceivegreaterenergy

D.thefieldershouldquicklyrunin

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.the"ping”soundistoovagueforafieldertocatch

B.withthealuminumbatsthebatteralwayshitstheballstronger

C.theydon’tproducedifferentsoundsof“crack”and“clunk”

D.thesoundstheyproducemayinterferewiththefieldersjudgment

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Hittingtheballtoproducedifferentsoundsisnotaneasymatter.

B.Thesoundofthebatmaygivefieldersmorechancestocatchtheball.

C.Aluminumbatsareinferiortothewoodenones.

D.ThestudyofRobertAdairshockstheAcousticalSocietyofAmerica.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)第二段的倒數(shù)第二句“Ifhereliedpurelyupon...theballlongorshort.”如果完全依靠視覺信息，守場員要等大約1.5秒才能準(zhǔn)確地判斷投手的擊球是長是短。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

2.根據(jù)下文可知，“crack”and“clunk”是用來判斷擊球的好壞，所以首先排除選項(xiàng)A和B。當(dāng)聽到“crack”就跑出去，聽到“clunk”就跑進(jìn)來，由此推斷，“crack”指沒打好的球，“clunk”指好球。

3.根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的倒數(shù)第二句“Ballshitonthesweetspotgeneratefewerenergy-sappingvibrationsinthebat,allowinggreaterenergytransfertotheball.”擊中球的最佳位置時，球棒產(chǎn)生的耗能振動更少，從而使球獲得更大的能量傳遞。選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“Aluminumbats,ontheotherhand,tendtoproduceafairlyuniform'ping'soundregardlessofwhereyouhitthem.”鋁棒無論你在哪里擊打，都會發(fā)出相當(dāng)均勻的“砰”的一聲。也就是說不會像木棒擊打的那樣發(fā)出不同的聲音，選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.本文主要是講根據(jù)球棒擊球時發(fā)出聲音的不同來判斷擊球的好壞，從而使得外野手有更多的機(jī)會去接球。選項(xiàng)B更能概括全文主題。

7.單選題

IntheageoftheInternet,readersandlibrarianswantliberal（）toinformationon-line;authorsandpublisherswantcontroloverhowtheirintellectualpropertyisdistributed.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.acquisition

B.access

C.entrance

D.absorption

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。acquisition獲得物，獲得；access進(jìn)入，機(jī)會；entrance入口；absorption吸收，全神貫注。句意：在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時代，讀者和圖書管理員希望有機(jī)會在網(wǎng)上自由地獲取信息;作者和出版商希望能夠控制他們的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)分配問題。accessto有權(quán)使用…，有機(jī)會進(jìn)入…。只有B項(xiàng)符合句意。

8.單選題

Ifapersontalksabouthisweakpoints,hislistenerisexpectedtosaysomethinginthewayof（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.persuasion

B.remedy

C.encouragement

D.compromise

【答案】C

【解析】句意:如果一個人談及自己的缺點(diǎn)，那么他的聽眾就被期待說一些關(guān)于鼓勵的話。

考查名詞辨析。persuasion說服，勸說;remedy補(bǔ)救，治療;encouragement鼓勵；compromise妥協(xié)，和解。由前半句句意可知C符合句意。

9.單選題

NeptuneisaboutthirtytimesasfarfromtheSun（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.istheEarth

B.theEarthis

C.isastheEarth

D.asistheEarth

【答案】D

【解析】考查倍數(shù)的表達(dá)方式。倍數(shù)+as...as...，首先排除選項(xiàng)A和B，前后結(jié)構(gòu)保持一致，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

10.單選題

Rotationreferstotheturningoftheearth,（）tothemovementaroundthesun.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.besidesrevolution

B.revolutionrefers

C.andrevolution

D.whilerevolutionreferring

【答案】C

【解析】考查句型結(jié)構(gòu)辨析。A選項(xiàng)besidesrevolution“除了公轉(zhuǎn)”；B選項(xiàng)revolutionrefers“公轉(zhuǎn)”；C選項(xiàng)andrevolution“公轉(zhuǎn)”；D選項(xiàng)whilerevolutionreferring“同時公轉(zhuǎn)意味著”。句意：自轉(zhuǎn)是指地球的轉(zhuǎn)動，……是指圍繞太陽的運(yùn)動。A選項(xiàng)句子不通順，B選項(xiàng)句子缺少結(jié)構(gòu)，D選項(xiàng)需要加is，根據(jù)句意可知C選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Peterhadhispiano______yesterdayandtheresultisexcellent.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tuned

B.turned

C.tied

D.wound

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)tuned“（為樂器）調(diào)音，校音”；B選項(xiàng)turned“（使）轉(zhuǎn)動，旋轉(zhuǎn)”；C選項(xiàng)tied“（用線、繩等）系，拴”；D選項(xiàng)wound“使（身體）受傷，（用武器）傷害”。句意：彼得昨天請人給鋼琴______，結(jié)果很好。根據(jù)語境，這里A選項(xiàng)tuned“（為樂器）調(diào)音”搭配鋼琴比較合理，意思是請人給鋼琴調(diào)音以后，鋼琴彈出來的效果就很好了，符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Onlya（

）personwouldbelievesuchanunlikelystoryaboutflyingsaucers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.credible

B.credulous

C.nonsensical

D.creditable

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)credible“可靠的，可信的”；B選項(xiàng)credulous“輕信的，易受騙的”；C選項(xiàng)nonsensical“無意義的，荒謬的”；D選項(xiàng)creditable“值得稱贊的”。句意：只有易受騙的人才會相信這樣一個關(guān)于飛碟的不大可能的故事。選項(xiàng)B符合語境。

13.單選題

Onceuponatimetherelivedabeautifulyoungwomanandahandsomeyoungman.Theywereverypoor,butastheyweredeeplyinlove,theywantedtogetmarried.Theyoungpeople'sparentsshooktheirheads.”Youcan'tgetmarriedyet,”theysaid.“Waittillyougetagoodjobwithgoodprospects."Sotheyoungpeoplewaiteduntiltheyfoundgoodjobswithgoodprospectsandtheywereabletogetmarried.Theywerestillpoor,ofcourse.Theydidn'thaveahousetoliveinoranyfurniture,butthatdidn'tmatter.Theyoungmanhadagoodjobwithgoodprospects,solargeorganizationslenthimthemoneyheneededtobuyahouse,somefurniture,ailthelatestelectricalappliancesandacar.Thecouplelivedhappilyeverafterpayingoffdebtsfortherestoftheirlives.Andsoendsanothermodemromanticfable.

Weliveinamaterialisticsocietyandaretrainedformourearliestyearstobeacquisitive.Ourpossessions,"mine"and"yours"areclearlylabeledfromearlychildhood.Whenwegrowoldenoughtoearnaliving,itdoesnotsurpriseustodiscoverthatsuccessismeasuredintermsofmoneyyouearn.WespendthewholeofourliveskeepingupwiththeJoneses.Ifwebuyanewtelevisionset,aJonesisboundtobuyabiggerandbetterone.Ifwebuyanewcar,wecanbesurethatJoneswillgetonebetterandgettwonewcars:oneforhiswifeandoneforhimself.ThemostamusingthingaboutthisgameisthattheJonesesandalltheneighborswhoarestrugglingfranticallytokeepupwiththemarespendingborrowedmoneykindlyprovided,ataSuitablerateofinterest,ofcourse,byfriendlybanks,insurancecompanies,etc.

Itisnotonlyinaffluentsocietiesthatpeopleareobsessedwiththeideaofmakingmoremoney.Consumergoodsaredesirableeverywhereandmodemindustrydeliberatelysets,outtocreatenewmarkets.Gonearethedayswhenindustrialgoodsweremadetolastforever.Thewheelofindustrymustbekeptturning.“Built-inobsolescence”providesthemeans:goodaremadetobediscarded.Carsgettinnierandtinnier.Younosooneracquirethisyear'smodelthanyouarethinkingaboutitsreplacement.

Thismaterialisticoutlookhasseriouslyinfluencededucation.Fewerandfeweryoungpeoplethesedaysacquireknowledgeonlyforitsownsake.Everycourseofstudiesmustleadsomewhere:i.e.toabiggerwagepacket.Thedemandforskilledpersonnelfarexceedsthesupplyandbigcompaniescompetewitheachothertorecruitstudentsbeforetheyhavecompletedtheirstudies.Temptingsalariesand"fringebenefits"areofferedtothem.Recruitingtacticsofthiskindhaveledtothe"braindrain",theprocessbywhichhighlyskilledpeopleoffertheirservicestothehighestbidder.Thewealthiernationsdeprivetheirpoorerneighborsoftheirmostablecitizens.WhileMammonisworshippedasneverbefore,therichgetricherandpoor,poorer.

1.Fromthefirstparagraph,wecaninferthat（）.

2.Theexpression“keepupwiththeJoneses”mightmean（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor（）.

4.What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?

5.Wecaninferthatmorepeoplepastacquiredknowledge（）.

6.“Braindrain”means（）.

7.Wecaninferthatbraindrain（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.goodjobwithgoodprospectscanhaveagoodmarriage

B.thosewhoarepoorcan'tmarried

C.poorinloveisbetterthanrichinlove

D.evenmarriageiscloselyrelatedwithmoney

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.maintainahighstandardofachievement

B.preventsomethingfrommoving

C.trytomaintainthesamesocialandmaterialstandardsasone'sneighbors

D.continuetobeincontactwithsomebody

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.moneyseemsextremelyimportanttoday

B.interestinearningmoneyisnotamodemphenomenon

C.moneyisonethere,loveisanother

D.lovewithoutmoneyisafieldwithoutwater

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.KeepUpwiththeJoneses

B.TheOnlyThingPeopleAreInterestedinTodayIsEarningMoreMoney

C.LoveMe,LoveMyDog

D.MoneyMaketheMareGo

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.eagerly

B.foritsownsake

C.forpracticalpurpose

D.passively

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.brainbecomesempty

B.brainhasproblems

C.aprocessinwhichthehighlyskilledpeoplechangetoworkfortheorganizationswhopaythemhigher

D.aprocessbywhichthecleverpeopleareofferedbetterjobs

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.attractsnoattentionfromallthecountries

B.bringsaboutbadeffectstopoorcountries

C.makesrichercountriespoorbecausetheyhavetopaymoretothem

D.isworshipped

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

第6題:C

第7題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知,本段講述的是兩個很窮的年輕人找到有前途的工作后再結(jié)婚,償清債務(wù)后,過上了幸福的生活。作者意在說明即使是婚姻也與金錢密切相關(guān)。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

2.根據(jù)下一句的舉例：如果我們買一臺新電視機(jī),瓊斯家的人一定會買一臺更大更好的。如果我們買一輛新車,我們可以肯定瓊斯會得到一輛更好的。由此可以推斷“keepupwiththeJoneses”指的是互相攀比,選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Mammonisworshippedasneverbefore...”可知,作者認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在的金錢對于人們來說似乎極其重要,選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,本文主要講的是物欲橫流的世界中人們以及社會的現(xiàn)狀,人們今天唯一感興趣的是賺更多的錢,選項(xiàng)B最能概括全文,所以正確。

5.根據(jù)最后一段的二三句“Fewerandfeweryoungpeoplethesedaysacquireknowledgeonlyforitsownsake.”現(xiàn)在越來越少的年輕人僅僅為了知識本身而學(xué)習(xí)知識,更多是為了以后能拿高工資。由此可以推斷,過去人們學(xué)習(xí)是為了自己的利益,而不是為了賺錢,所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

6.根據(jù)下文“theprocessbywhichhighlyskilledpeopleoffertheirservicestothehighestbidder.”高技能人才向出價最高者提供服務(wù)的過程。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

7.根據(jù)最后一段的倒數(shù)第二句“Thewealthiernationsdeprivetheirpoorerneighborsoftheirmostablecitizens.”“人才流失”使得較富裕的國家剝奪了較貧窮的鄰國最有能力的公民。選項(xiàng)B正確。

14.單選題

Thechairmanmadea（）statementbeforetheopeningceremony.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intensive

B.intermediate

C.preliminary

D.solitary

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)intensive“加強(qiáng)的；集中的；透徹的；加強(qiáng)語氣的”；B選項(xiàng)intermediate“中間的，中級的”；C選項(xiàng)preliminary“初步的；開端的；預(yù)備性的”；D選項(xiàng)solitary“孤獨(dú)的；獨(dú)居的”。句意：在開幕式之前，這位主席做了一個預(yù)備性的陳述。根據(jù)句意，判斷出C選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Heisnotshyaboutnamingthenamesofthefamouswomenwhohavesuccumbedtohisromantic（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wields

B.wiles

C.tacit

D.tiles

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)wields“拿著（武器、工具或設(shè)備）；掌握（權(quán)力）”；B選項(xiàng)wiles“花言巧語；巧計；引誘”；C選項(xiàng)tacit“默許的，心照不宣的”；D選項(xiàng)tiles“（貼墻或鋪地用的）瓷磚，地毯，地板；（覆蓋屋頂?shù)模┩咂薄＞湟猓核敛恍哂谡f出那些被他浪漫的（）所征服的著名女性的名字。只有wiles“花言巧語”和romantic“浪漫”可搭配，也符合語境。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

16.填空題

Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetoaddaword,crossoutaword,orchangeaword.PutyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10%)

e.g.,1.Themeetingbegun2hoursago.

CorrectionintheANSWERSHEET:begun—began

e.g.,2.Scarcelytheysettledthemselvesintheirseatsinthetheatrewhenthecurtainswentup.CorrectionintheANSWERSHEET:(Scarcely)had(they)

e.g.,3.Neverwill1notdoitagain.

CorrectionintheANSWERSHEET:not×

StephenWilliamHawking,oneofthegreatesttheoreticalphysicistsintheworld,suffersfromarareslow-progressingformofamyotrophiclateralsclerosis(ALS),alsoknownasmotorneurondisease.21.AsALShasmadeStephenWilliamHawkingavirtualprisonerinhisownbody,22.ithaslefthiscourageandhumorintact,hisintellectfreelytoroam.23.Androamitdoes,fromtheinfinitesimaltotheinfinite,fromthesubatomicrealmtothefarreachesofauniverse.Inthecourseofthesementalexpeditions,24.HawkinghasconceivedstartlingnewtheoriesaboutblackholesandthedisorderlyeventsthatimmediatelyfollowedtheBigBanginwhichtheuniversesprang.

25.WithouthiswifeJane,Hawkinghasalwaysemphasized,hiscareermighteverhavesoared.26.ShemarriedhimshortlyafterhediagnosedwithALS,fullyawareofthedreadful,progressivenatureofthedisease,givinghimhopeandthewilltocarryonwithhisstudies.

Theyhadthreechildrenintheearlystagesoftheirmarriage,andlater,27.ashebecameincreasinglydisabled,shedevotedherselftocareforhiseveryneed.28.Afteryearsofapparentlyharmoniousmarriage,therefore,seriousdisagreementsbeganappearing.AsawardspouredinforStephen,Jane—competentandintelligentherself—begantoresentlivinginhisshadow.Deeplyreligious,shewasalsooffendedbyhisdisbeliefoftheexistenceoftheGod.29.Particularlyannoyedtoherwashisconceptthattheuniversemightbecompletelyself-contained,havingnoboundaryoredge,nobeginningorend.Ifthatweretrue,heaskedchallengingly,“Whatplace,then,foracreator?”30.Still,friendswereshockedin1990whenHawkingabruptlyendedtheir25-yearmarriage,movinginwithoneofhisnurse.

【答案】21.As—While/Although

22.freely—free

23.a—the

24.in—from

25.ever—never

26.(he)was(diagnosed)

27.care—caring

28.therefore—however

29.annoyed—annoying

30.nurse—nurses

【解析】21.

as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時主句需要部分倒裝，而句子是陳述語氣所以需要把a(bǔ)s換成although或者while。

22.

intellect是名詞，但是freely是副詞，副詞一般修飾動詞不修飾名詞，所以應(yīng)該把freely改為其形容詞形式。

23.

universe是專屬名詞，表示的是獨(dú)一無二的事物，所以不能用不定冠詞修飾，所以應(yīng)該把不定冠詞改為定冠詞。

24.

定語從句中關(guān)系代詞前的介詞主要是根據(jù)后面的動詞或者形容詞的搭配來確定的，從句中的動詞只有sprang（spring的過去分詞），這里從句句意是“宇宙起源于（大爆炸）”，由此這里的介詞應(yīng)該是from，和spring組成固定搭配springfrom“起源于”。

25.

這里根據(jù)句意應(yīng)該是“霍金總是強(qiáng)調(diào)，沒有他的氣質(zhì)，他的事業(yè)不會起飛”，所以這里的ever應(yīng)該改為否定詞never。

26.

這里霍金應(yīng)該是被診斷出患上漸凍癥，所以應(yīng)該加上助動詞。

27.

這里根據(jù)固定搭配devoteoneselftodoing/n.所以應(yīng)該把care改為caring。

28.

在多年表面和諧的婚姻之后，兩人之間劇烈的分歧開始出現(xiàn)了。兩個分句之間不存在因果或者順承關(guān)系，應(yīng)該是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)該把therefore改為however。

29.

annoyed“感到生氣的”，一般用來形容人Sheishurtandannoyedthattheauthoritieshavebannedherfromworkingwithchildren.“她因當(dāng)局禁止她做兒童工作而傷心惱怒”，因?yàn)檎蛔屗龔氖聝和ぷ?，所以她感到惱怒，這時annoyed是用來形容人，生氣的人。

annoying“令人生氣的”，一般用來形容物，Hermostannoyinghabitwaseatingwithhermouthopen“她最讓人討厭的習(xí)慣就是張著嘴吃東西”，她張嘴吃飯這個習(xí)慣令人很討厭，這里annoying是形容習(xí)慣，讓人生氣的習(xí)慣。

根據(jù)句意來說是他對宇宙的猜想讓她感到生氣，這里形容詞應(yīng)該是形容概念，所以應(yīng)該把a(bǔ)nnoyed改為annoying。

30.

oneof后面需要加名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以nurse后面應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式，根據(jù)句意也可以理解雖然霍金只能跟一個人結(jié)婚，但是他的護(hù)士絕對不止一個。

17.單選題

Ithaslongbeenknownthattherateofoxidativemetabolism(theprocessthatusesoxygentoconvertfoodintoenergy)inanyanimalhasaprofoundeffectonitslivingpatterns.Thehighmetabolicrateofsmallanimals,forexample,givesthemsustainedpowerandactivityperunitofweight,butatthecostofrequiringconstantconsumptionoffoodandwater.Verylargeanimals,withtheirrelativelylowmetabolicrates,cansurvivewellonasporadicfoodsupply,butcangeneratelittlemetabolicenergypergramofbodyweight.Ifonlyoxidativemetabolicrateisconsidered,therefore,onemightassumethatsmaller,moreactive,animalscouldpreyonlargerones,atleastiftheyattackedingroups.Perhapstheycouldifitwerenotforanaerobicglycolysis,thegreatequalizer.

Anaerobicglycolysisisaprocessinwhichenergyisproduced,withoutoxygen,throughthebreakdownofmuscleglycogenintolacticacidandadenosinetriphosphate(ATP),theenergyprovider.Theamountofenergythatcanbeproducedanaerobicallyisafunctionoftheamountofglycogenpresent——inallvertebratesabout0.5percentoftheirmuscles’netweight.Thustheanaerobicenergyreservesofavertebrateareproportionaltothesizeoftheanimal.If,forexample,somepredatorshadattackeda100-tendinosaur,normallytorpid,thedinosaurwouldhavebeenabletogeneratealmostinstantaneously,viaanaerobicglycolysis,theenergyof3,000humansatmaximumoxidativemetabolicenergyproduction.Thisexplainshowmanylargespecieshavemanagedtocompetewiththeirmoreactiveneighbors:thecompensationforalowoxidativemetabolicrateisglycolysis.

Therearelimitations,however,tothiscompensation.Theglycogenreservesofanyanimalaregood,atmost,foronlyabouttwominutesatmaximumeffort,afterwhichonlythenormaloxidativemetabolicsourceofenergyremains.Withtheconclusionofaburstofactivity,thelacticacidlevelishighinthebodyfluids,leavingthelargeanimalvulnerableto

attackuntiltheacidisreconverted,viaoxidativemetabolism,bytheliverintoglucose,whichisthensent(inpart)backtothemusclesforglycogenresynthesis.Duringthisprocesstheenormousenergydebtthattheanimalhasrunupthroughanaerobicglycolysismustberepaid,adebtthatisproportionallymuchgreaterforthelargervertebratesthanforthesmallerones.Whereasthetinyshrewcanreplaceinminutestheglycogenusedformaximumeffort,forexample,thegiganticdinosaurwouldhaverequiredmorethanthreeweeks.Itmightseemthatthisinterminablylongrecoverytimeinalargevertebratewouldproveagravedisadvantageforsurvival.Fortunately,muscleglycogenisusedonlywhenneededandeventhenonlyinwhateverquantityisnecessary.Onlyintimesofpanicorduringmortalcombatwouldtheentirereservesbeconsumed.

Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

Accordingtotheauthor,amajorlimitationofanaerobicglycolysisisthatitcan（

）.

Thepassagesuggeststhatthetotalanaerobicenergyreservesofavertebrateareproportionaltothevertebrate’ssizebecause（

）.

Theauthorismostprobablyaddressingwhichofthefollowingaudiences?

Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthecentralideaofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.refuteamisconceptionaboutanaerobicglycolysis

B.explainanaerobicglycolysisanditseffectsonanimalsurvival

C.describethelimitationsofanaerobicglycolysis

D.analyzethechemistryofanaerobicglycolysisanditssimilaritytooxidativemetabolism

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.produceinlargeanimalsmorelacticacidthanthelivercansafelyreconvert

B.necessitateadangerouslylongrecoveryperiodinlargeanimals

C.produceenergymoreslowlythanitcanbeusedbylargeanimals

D.consumealloftheavailableglycogenregardlessofneed

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.largervertebratesconservemoreenergythansmallervertebrates

B.largervertebratesuselessoxygenperunitweightthansmallervertebrates

C.theabilityofavertebratetoconsumefoodisafunctionofitssize

D.theamountofmuscletissueinavertebrateisdirectlyrelatedtoitssize

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Collegestudentsinanintroductorycourseonanimalphysiology

B.Historiansofscienceinvestigatingthediscoveryofanaerobicglycolysis

C.Graduatestudentswithspecializedtrainingincomparativeanatomy

D.ZoologistsinterestedinPrehistoricanimals

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thedisadvantageofalowoxidativemetabolicrateinlargeanimalscanbeoffsetbytheirabilitytoconvertsubstantialamountsofglycogenintoenergy.

B.Themostsignificantproblemfacinganimalsthathaveusedanaerobicglycolysisforenergyistheresynthesisofitsbyproduct,glucose,intoglycogen.

C.Thebenefitstoanimalsofanaerobicglycolysisareoffsetbytheprofoundcoststhatmustbepaid.

D.Themajorfactorensuringthatalargeanimalwilltriumphoverasmalleranimalisthelargeanimal’sabilitytoproduceenergyviaanaerobicglycolysis

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】文章第一段提到動作的氧化代謝率對它們生存方式造成的影響（inanyanimalhasaprofoundeffectonitslivingpatterns）；第二段解釋無氧糖酵解（Anaerobicglycolysisisaprocessinwhichenergyisproduced,withoutoxygen,throughthebreakdownofmuscleglycogenintolacticacidandadenosinetriphosphate(ATP),theenergyprovider）；第三段提到了無氧糖酵解的不足以及對動物的生存產(chǎn)生的影響。綜上所述，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

文章第三段第一句提到了補(bǔ)償?shù)木窒扌裕╰herearelimitations,however,tothiscompensation），指出動物由于無氧糖酵解所導(dǎo)致的大量能量消耗必須得到補(bǔ)償，然后又通過小松鼠為例來說明小型動物補(bǔ)償?shù)臅r間短，而大型動物則需要很長的時間才能完成補(bǔ)償，這就是補(bǔ)償?shù)木窒扌浴＿x項(xiàng)B符合題意。

文章第二段第二句話Theamountofenergythatcanbeproducedanaerobicallyisafunctionoftheamountofglycogenpresent——inallvertebratesabout0.5percentoftheirmuscles’netweight.Thustheanaerobicenergyreservesofavertebrateareproportionaltothesizeoftheanimal提到了無氧糖酵解與動物體型的關(guān)系。隨后舉了恐龍的例子來解釋說明肌肉越多，糖原質(zhì)的含量就越多，體型大，肌肉多，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

文章主要介紹無氧糖酵解對動物的生存產(chǎn)生的影響，沒有使用一些非?；逎y懂的專業(yè)知識，因此作者最可能針對的是剛剛接觸相關(guān)學(xué)科的人群。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

文章主要提及了氧化代謝率較低的大型動物的不利原因。作者通過舉了恐龍這種大型動物來說明自己的觀點(diǎn)，比如一只100噸重的恐龍可以通過無氧糖酵解產(chǎn)生3000個人進(jìn)行氧化新陳代謝（viaanaerobicglycolysis,theenergyof3,000humansatmaximumoxidativemetabolicenergyproduction.）產(chǎn)生的最大的能量，從而保證大型動物能在激烈的叢林中生存。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

18.單選題

Therewereintervalswhenthesunbrokethroughtheclouds,becausetheshowerswereintermittent.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.slight

B.periodic

C.enduring

D.temporary

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.slight輕微的，少量的B.periodic間發(fā)性的，周期性的

C.enduring持久的，能忍受的D.temporary暫時的，臨時的

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)前半句句意“太陽偶爾會沖破云層”，可以推測劃線單詞intermittent應(yīng)該表示“間歇性的，斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的”；B選項(xiàng)詞義與劃線單詞最為接近，故本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D項(xiàng)與劃線單詞的意思不符合。

【句意】因?yàn)殛囉晔菙鄶嗬m(xù)續(xù)的，所以太陽偶爾會沖破云層。

19.單選題

Humble（）itmaybe,thereisnoplacemorelikehome.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.although

B.as

C.how

D.that

【答案】B

【解析】考查讓步狀語從句。句子用了倒裝，把形容詞提前到句首，只有as或者though有這個用法，although沒有。as/though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須將表語或狀語提前（形容詞，副詞，分詞，實(shí)義動詞提前）例如：Tryhardashewill,heneverseemsabletodotheworksatisfactorily.由as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，強(qiáng)調(diào)表語humble。句意：盡管這里是簡陋的，但是沒有一個地方比它更像家。所以本題選擇B選項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

Shelaterconfessedthatshedidn’treallyworkoutthesolutionbyworkinghardonit.Insteadshe（）itwhenshewasdoingsomethingelse.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fellbackon

B.stumbleupon

C.fellshortof

D.squeezeoutof

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組含義辨析。A選項(xiàng)fellbackon“依賴；依靠于……”；B選項(xiàng)stumbleupon“偶遇；偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)”；C選項(xiàng)fellshortof“缺乏；達(dá)不到”；D選項(xiàng)squeezeoutof“榨出；擠出”。句意：她承認(rèn)她并不真的是因?yàn)榕λ伎级贸龅姆桨?，而是在做其他事情的時候……想到的。說明她想出的方案是碰巧靈感來了才出現(xiàn)的。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

21.單選題

Thegeocentricideawasabandonedintheseventeenthcentury,partlyasaresultofthewritingsofCopernicus（）observationsmadebyotherastronomers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.andalsowere

B.notonlybecauseof

C.alsobecausewere

D.andalsobecauseof

【答案】D

【解析】語法題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞partly可知，空格后面表示另一部分原因，因此兩個原因應(yīng)該用并列連詞and連接，排除B和C。前面由asaresultof引導(dǎo)第一個原因，后面可用becauseof與其并列。故選D項(xiàng)。句意：地心說在17世紀(jì)被拋棄，部分原因是哥白尼的著作，也因?yàn)槠渌煳膶W(xué)家的觀測結(jié)果。

22.單選題

ThePortuguesegiveagreatdealofcredittoonemanforhavingpromotedseatravel,thatman（）

PrinceHenrythenavigator,wholivedinthe15th

century.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.was

B.named

C.being

D.called

【答案】B

【解析】考查分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。分詞做狀語時其邏輯主語必須與主句主語一致,

若不一致時,

則要加上自己的邏輯主語。選項(xiàng)B正確。句意：葡萄牙人非常贊賞一個人,

因?yàn)樗龠M(jìn)了海上旅行,

這個人就是生活在15世紀(jì)的航海家亨利王子。

23.單選題

Povertyanddomesticviolencemakeiteasyforhertotrustthatbadthingswillhappenandtakethis（）happinessaway.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.adversary

B.vulgar

C.fragile

D.superfluous

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。adversary敵手，對手；vulgar粗俗的，本土的；fragile脆的，易碎的；superfluous多余的。句意：貧窮和家庭暴力讓她很容易相信壞事會發(fā)生，并帶走這種脆弱的幸福。只有選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

24.單選題

Hehadgoneawayonbusinessandwouldnotreturntothehoteluntilthenextday.Ishouldhavetowaittill（）Icouldthankhimforthepresent.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.afterwards

B.then

C.thenbefore

D.thentherefore

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他出差去了，第二天才會回旅館。我應(yīng)該等到那個時候才能表達(dá)對他送我禮物的感謝。分析題干結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞till可知空白處首先應(yīng)填入—個與thenextday意思相似的副詞，即then；另外“Icouldthankhimforthepresent”這部分為時間狀語，引導(dǎo)詞應(yīng)該用before，故答案選項(xiàng)為C。

25.單選題

Thepeople