考研考博-英語-天津中德應用技術大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津中德應用技術大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.寫作題

Directions:“Publishorperish”iswell-knownintheacademicworld.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththisviewpoints.Pleaseexpressyouropinioninabout150words.

【答案】略

2.單選題

Youcan'tcountonhim;he'sliableto____________outwhenthingsbecomedifficult.

問題1選項

A.be

B.let

C.take

D.opt

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。beout“不在家”；letout“泄露”；takeout“取出”；optout“變卦”。句意：你不能指望他，如果事情變得復雜，他有可能會變卦。選項D符合題意。

3.單選題

（）he（）asynopsisofastory（）hewouldsummonacrowdofhisfriends

tohishouseandreaditaloudtothem.

問題1選項

A.Nosoonerdid...have...than

B.Assoonas...hadthen

C.Nosoonerdid...have...that

D.Nosooner...had...than

【答案】A

【解析】句意:他剛有了一個故事的概要，就把一群朋友們叫到家聽他朗讀。

語法題?？疾榈寡b?！癗osoonerdid（had）...than...”表示“一…就…”。此固定結構引導吋間狀語從句，位于句首，需要部分倒裝。因此只有A正確。

4.單選題

Hishealth（

）allthehouseworkifyouarenotcareful.

問題1選項

A.failed

B.hasfailed

C.wasfailed

D.isfailing

【答案】D

【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意：如果你不小心點，他可能會連家務都做不了。從從句的時態(tài)來看，if引導的是真實的條件句，根據(jù)主將從現(xiàn)的原則，從句用的是一般現(xiàn)在時，所以整個句子指的是對將來的一種假設，所以主句要用將來時，所以答案選D，用現(xiàn)在進行時表將來。

5.單選題

Eyecontactisimportantbecausewrongcontactmaycreateacommunication（）.

問題1選項

A.tragedy

B.vacuum

C.question

D.barrier?

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。tragedy“悲劇，慘案”；vacuum“真空，空間”；question“問題，疑問”；barrier“障礙”。句意：眼神交流是很重要的，因為錯誤的交流會導致交流障礙。D項符合題意。

6.單選題

Theheatinsummerisnoless（

）hereinthismountainregion.

問題1選項

A.concentrated

B.extensive

C.intense

D.intensive

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:夏天這個山區(qū)一樣炎熱。

Concentrated集中的;extensive廣闊的,廣泛的;intense強烈的,多用于形容表達感情或感受的強度;intensive加強的,常用于短時間內為達到某個目的而高強度地做某事。故選C。

7.單選題

Thepurchaseofahouseandacarhasbecomethe（

）ofthenewgenerationofwhite-collarworkers,alongwithholidaysoverseas.

問題1選項

A.aspiration

B.inspiration

C.attraction

D.tenacity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項aspiration“渴望；抱負”；B選項inspiration“靈感；鼓舞”；C選項attraction“吸引力；引力”；D選項tenacity“韌性；固執(zhí)”。句意：買房買車已經(jīng)成為新一代白領的······，當然還有去國外度假。句中的“買房買車”、“去國外度假”符合“渴望”的內容。因此A選項正確。

8.單選題

Thescientificmethodisthesystematicpursuitofknowledgeinvolvingtheidentificationofaproblem,thecollectionofrelevantdatathroughobservationandexperimentation,andtheformulationandtestingofhypothesesthataimtosolvetheproblem.Eversincethescientificmethodbecameawayoflearningaboutnature,includingourselves,somepeoplehavehailedscienceastheonlywaytocomprehendnaturalphenomena,whileothershavequestionedwhetheritisanappropriateroadtoknowledge.Asscienceandtechnologyhavegrown,thequestioninghasdeepenedandexpanded.

Thisisnottosaythatso-calledscientificevidenceisnotagoodwaytovouchsafetruth.Scientists’testimoniesareusedtoendorseeverythingfromtoothpastetonuclearpower;however,theyarealsousedtochallengetheverysamethings.Andthisiswhereitgetstricky:“Scientific”supportcannowbeelicitedonallsidesofeveryquestion,sothatthepublicisconstantlyforcedtodecidewhichscientiststobelieve.

Wherethenisthevauntedobjectivityofscience?Peoplearerealizingthattheymusteitherdevelopcriteriaonwhichtomakethesedecisions(andtodosoforeachimportantissue)ordecidetodisbelieveallscientificexplanationsandlookforotherwaysofknowing.Incidentally,theseotherwaysaresometimesnolessempiricalthanthescientificones.Thedecisiontodisbelieveallscientificexplanationsisnottobesneeredat.Thevolume,contradictoriness,andlimitedcomprehensibilityofmuchscientificinformationleavemostpeoplebewildered.

IamremindedofthecommentVirginiaWoolfattributestothetime-travelingcharacterinhernovelOrlando,whomusedassheentersanelevatoratMarshallandSnelgrove’sdepartmentstoreinLondonin1928:“Theveryfabricoflifenow...ismagic.Intheeighteenthcentury,weknewhoweverythingwasdone;buthereIrisethroughtheair;IlistentovoicesinAmerica;Iseemenflying-buthowit’sdone,Ican’teverbegintowonder.Somybeliefinmagicreturns.”

Notonlythegeneralpublicisillatease.Uneasyquestionsarebeingaskedbyscientiststhemselves.Asonenotedscientistshasargued:Thescientificcommunityhadleadaparticularlyunexaminedlifeforasurprisinglylongtime,andmayhaveaccepteditsunusualand,untilrecently,unquestionedstatusalittletooeasily.Indeed,inthelast25years,inanefforttoraisefinancialsupportataratenearlytriplethatoftherestofsociety,thescientificcommunitymayhavepromisedtoomuchtoosoon.Certainlyitunderestimatedthedemandforaccountability.”Andhisscientistgoeson:"Inallhumility,itmust...beadmittedthatitisimpossibletocategoricallydenythatwemayhavereachedapointwherewemustabandonthefaiththat[inallcases]knowledgeisbetterthanignorance.Wesimplylacktheabilitytomakeaccuratepredictions.

1.Inlines4-6(“somepeople,knowledge”),theauthordoeswhichofthefollowing?

2.Theexamplesinlines9-10('"toothpaste...power9)aregivento（

）.

3.Lines16-18(“Thedecision...bewildered”)serveprimarilyto

（

）.

4.Inthelastsentence,theword“simply”mostnearlymeans

（

）.

5.Theprimarypurposeofthispassageasawholeisto（

）.

問題1選項

A.Rationalizesabehavior

B.Advocatesacourseofaction

C.Presentsopposingviewpoints

D.Voicesdoubtaboutanapproach

問題2選項

A.criticizethewidespreadacceptanceofcertainproducts

B.mockthegullibilityofthepublicinscientificmatters

C.enumerateanumberofmundaneactivitiesinwhichscientistsareinvolved

D.conveytherangeofissuestowhichscienceisconsideredrelevant

問題3選項

A.correcttheinherentlimitationsofscientificthought

B.decrythelackofscientifictrainingamongthegeneralpublic

C.defendapositionthatmightbechallenged

D.suggesttheoriginsofabranchofscience

問題4選項

A.foolishly

B.directly

C.basically

D.easily

問題5選項

A.explorealternativewaysofunderstandingnaturalphenomenon

B.discussthelackofhumilitythatmanyscientistsdemonstrate

C.challengethefindingsofaparticulargroupofscientists

D.questionthescopeandvalueofscientificunderstanding

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.考察作者意圖。文章第一段第二句Eversincethescientificmethodbecameawayoflearningaboutnature,includingourselves,somepeoplehavehailedscienceastheonlywaytocomprehendnaturalphenomena,whileothershavequestionedwhetheritisanappropriateroadtoknowledge提到科學方法成為了學習自然的方法，有些人認為科學是唯一能解釋自然現(xiàn)象的手段，而有的人則質疑科學是不是能夠合理獲得知識。作者在這里就科學的作用這個問題提出了疑問，選項D符合題意。

2.考察判斷推理。文章第二段Scientists’testimoniesareusedtoendorseeverythingfromtoothpastetonuclearpower提到科學方法既可以用來解釋像牙膏這種日常生活用品（成分、作用等），也可以用來解釋核能。由此可以得知科學方法在某些方面來說上并沒有權威性，但是人們卻往往被這些所謂的科學解釋所吸引，作者對此是持批判態(tài)度的。選項A符合題意。

3.考察判斷推理。文章第三段最后兩句Thedecisiontodisbelieveallscientificexplanationsisnottobesneeredat.Thevolume,contradictoriness,andlimitedcomprehensibilityofmuchscientificinformationleavemostpeoplebewildered提到不信科學解釋不會被嘲笑，因為這些科學信息太多，有的還自相矛盾等，讓人們感到困惑。這些都是科學思維的不足之處。選項A符合題意。

4.考察詞義。文章最后一段最后一句Wesimplylacktheabilitytomakeaccuratepredictions提到我們僅僅是缺少做精確預測的能力。選項C符合題意。

5.考察作者意圖。文章主要講述了對于認識自然現(xiàn)象有些人認為科學是唯一的方法，而有的人則認為科學不可靠，作者在文章中提到不只普通民眾對科學方法感到困惑，科學家有時候也會對自己提出的問題感到質疑（Notonlythegeneralpublicisillatease.Uneasyquestionsarebeingaskedbyscientiststhemselves）。由此可推斷作者在探索一種更好的方法來解釋自然現(xiàn)象。選項A符合題意。

9.單選題

Allthewindowsofthefactorywereshatteredbytheterribleexplosion.

問題1選項

A.smashed

B.crushed

C.crashed

D.splintered

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項smashed“打碎”，指突然而猛烈地重擊某物，使之破碎或完全變形；B選項crushed“壓碎”，指用力把東西壓破或變形；C選項crashed“碰撞”，指摔壞，墜毀；D選項splintered“分裂”，指物品裂開。句意：工廠的所有窗戶都被可怕的爆炸震碎了。劃線部分shattered是打碎的意思。因此A選項正確。

10.單選題

Thestudyoflaw,withitsgreatnumberofcases,statutes,andcontracts,canbeatediousprocess.

問題1選項

A.acurious

B.anoverwhelming

C.achallenging

D.atiresome

【答案】D

【解析】句意：學習法律，由于它有大量的案例、法規(guī)和合同，可能是一個乏味的過程。tedious意為“沉悶的，冗長乏味的”。tiresome煩人的，無聊的，所以選項D與之意思相近。

11.單選題

Thereissomediscrepancybetweenhisexplanationofthetheoryandyours.

問題1選項

A.distinction

B.discredit

C.disparity

D.disjunction

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項distinction“區(qū)別”；B選項discredit“懷疑”；C選項disparity“不一致”；D選項disjunction“分離”。句意：他對這個理論的解釋和你的不一致。劃線部分discrepancy是不一致的意思。因此C選項正確。

12.單選題

X.PoliticalScience

Whatdifferencedoesitmakeifmore,orfewer,peoplevote?Whatdifferencewoulditmakeifthestatemakespeoplevote?Thesequestionsarecentralbothtonormativedebatesabouttherightsanddutiesofcitizensinademocracyandtocontemporarypolicydebatesinavarietyofcountriesoverwhatactionsstatesshouldtaketoencourageelectoralparticipation.Toaddressthem,thispaperfocusesonthephenomenonofcompulsoryvoting—legalrequirementsthatcompelcitizenstoparticipate.Specifically,byfocusingonararecaseofabolishingcompulsoryvotinginVenezuela,weexaminewhethercompulsoryvotingreducesincomeinequality.

Ourresultssupportawell-knownpropositionadvancedbyArendLijphartinhis1996presidentialaddresstotheAmericanPoliticalScienceAssociation.ForLijphart,classbias—“theinequalityofrepresentationandinfluence...notrandomlydistributedbutsystematicallybiasedinfavorofmoreprivilegedcitizens...andagainstlessadvantagedcitizens”—isthecentral“unresolveddilemma”ofdemocracy.Thenormativefoundationofthisargumentisthat,inademocracy,thepreferencesofeverycitizenshouldhaveequalweightinelectingrepresentativesanddeterminingpolicy.Lijphartcontendsthat“l(fā)owvoterturnoutmeansunequalandsocioeconomicallybiasedturnout...andunequalparticipationspellsunequalinfluence”,andthatcompulsoryvotingis“thestrongestofalltheinstitutionalfactors”initspotentialtoremedytheperniciouseffectsofclassbiasinturnout.

Despiteitsnormativeimportanceandpracticalrelevanceinpolicydebates,rigorousempiricalscrutinyofLijpharf’sclaimhasbeenlimited.Numerousscholarshaveinvestigatedtheimpactofvoterturnoutonvariousoutcomevariables.Mostofthesestudies,however,facemethodologicalshortcomingsbecausetheyarebasedonrelativelysimplecross-sectionalregressionwithoutaconvincingidentificationstrategyforcausalinference,orbecausetheyrelyoninstrumentalvariablesbasedonexogenous“shocks”toturnout(e.g.weatherevents)thatarenotrelevanttohowthelevelofvoterturnoutinfluencedbywhethervotingiscompulsoryormandatoryaffectselectoralandpolicyoutcomes.

Tworecentstudiesaddressthesemethodologicalconcerns.Fowler(2013)estimatesthecausaleffectsoftheintroductionofcompulsoryvotinginAustraliaonelectionoutcomesandpensionspending.Similarly,Bechtel,Hangartner,andSchmid(2013)examinetheeffectsoftheintroductionofcompulsoryvotingintheSwisscantonofVaudontheresultsoffederalreferendums.Bothstudiesuseanimportantchangeinthevotingruleasleverageforcausalinference,effectivelyexaminingthecounterfactualquestion:Whatwouldhavehappenedifthecompulsoryvotingrulehadnotbeenintroduced?

1.Fromthefirstparagraph,weknowthatthispaperistodiscuss___.

2.Mr.ArendLijphartholdsthefollowingviewbut___.

3.Theweakpointofthestudiesabouttheimpactofvoterturnoutonvariousoutcomevariablesisthat___.

4.WhichstatementaboutthestudiesofFowlerandBechtel,Hangartner,andSchmidisNOTtrue?

問題1選項

A.normativedebatesabouttherightsanddutiesofcitizens

B.policydebatesinavarietyofcountries

C.whethercompulsoryvotingreducesincomeinequality

D.thephenomenonofcompulsoryvoting

問題2選項

A.Inademocracy,thepreferencesofeverycitizenhaveequalweightinvoting

B.Classbiasisthecentral“unresolveddilemma”ofdemocracy

C.Lowvoterturnoutmeansunequalandsocioeconomicallybiasedturnout

D.Compulsoryvotinghasitspotentialtoremedytheperniciouseffectsofclassbiasinturnout

問題3選項

A.theyarerelativelysimple

B.theyrelyoninstrumentalvariables

C.theydonotdistinguishwhethervotingiscompulsoryormandatory

D.thereisnoconvincingidentificationstrategyforcausalinference

問題4選項

A.Theyarebothpublishedin2013.

B.Theybothexaminedtheinfluenceofcompulsoryvotingonelectionoutcomes.

C.Theyaddressthemethodologicalconcerns.

D.Theybothexaminethequestion:Whatwouldhavehappenedifthecompulsoryvotingrulehadnotbeenintroduced?

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段Toaddressthem,thispaperfocusesonthephenomenonofcompulsoryvoting—legalrequirementsthatcompelcitizenstoparticipate.Specifically,byfocusingonararecaseofabolishingcompulsoryvotinginVenezuela,weexaminewhethercompulsoryvotingreducesincomeinequality.（為了解決這一問題，本文著重研究強制投票現(xiàn)象——強制公民參與的法律要求。具體來說，通過關注委內瑞拉廢除強制投票的罕見案例，我們研究強制投票是否減少了收入不平等）可知選C選項“強制投票是否減少了收入不平等”，原文所說的是強制公民參與的法律要求而不是D選項“強制投票現(xiàn)象”；第一段Thesequestionsarecentralbothtonormativedebatesabouttherightsanddutiesofcitizensinademocracyandtocontemporarypolicydebatesinavarietyofcountriesoverwhatactionsstatesshouldtaketoencourageelectoralparticipation（這些問題是關于民主國家中公民權利和義務的規(guī)范辯論的中心，也是各種國家中關于國家應該采取何種行動來鼓勵選舉參與的當代政策辯論的中心）是為了引出下文，并不是文章討論的主要內容，A選項“關于公民權利和義務的規(guī)范性辯論”錯誤；B選項“不同國家的政策辯論”不符合原文。因此C選項正確。

2.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關鍵字“Mr.ArendLijphart”定位到第二段ForLijphart,classbias—“theinequalityofrepresentationandinfluence...notrandomlydistributedbutsystematicallybiasedinfavorofmoreprivilegedcitizens...andagainstlessadvantagedcitizens”—isthecentral“unresolveddilemma”ofdemocracy.（利吉哈特認為，階級偏見——“代表和影響的不平等……不是隨機分布的，而是系統(tǒng)地偏向于更有特權的公民……反對弱勢公民”——是民主的核心“未解決的困境”）可知A選項“在民主國家，每個公民的偏好在投票中都有同等的權重”錯誤，根據(jù)原文Thenormativefoundationofthisargumentisthat,inademocracy,thepreferencesofeverycitizenshouldhaveequalweightinelectingrepresentativesanddeterminingpolicy.（這一論點的規(guī)范基礎是，在民主制度中，每個公民的偏好在選舉代表和決定政策方面應該有同等的權重）可知A選項是利吉哈特觀點的基礎，但并不是利吉哈特觀點，B選項“階級偏見是民主的中心‘未解決’的困境”和原文一致；Lijphartcontendsthat“l(fā)owvoterturnoutmeansunequalandsocioeconomicallybiasedturnout...andunequalparticipationspellsunequalinfluence”,andthatcompulsoryvotingis“thestrongestofalltheinstitutionalfactors”initspotentialtoremedytheperniciouseffectsofclassbiasinturnout.（利吉哈特認為，“低投票率意味著不平等和社會經(jīng)濟偏見的投票率……不平等的參與意味著不平等的影響”，強制投票是“所有制度因素中最強大的因素”，它有可能彌補投票中階級偏見的有害影響）可知C選項“低投票率意味著不平等和社會經(jīng)濟偏見的投票率”，D選項“強制投票有它的潛力來補救在投票率中的階級偏見的有害影響”和原文一致。因此A選項符合題意。

3.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關鍵字定位到第三段orbecausetheyrelyoninstrumentalvariablesbasedonexogenous“shocks”toturnout(e.g.weatherevents)thatarenotrelevanttohowthelevelofvoterturnoutinfluencedbywhethervotingiscompulsoryormandatoryaffectselectoralandpolicyoutcomes.（或者是因為它們依賴于基于投票率的外生‘沖擊’（例如天氣事件）的工具變量，而這些工具變量與投票是否為強制性或強制性所影響的投票率水平如何影響選舉和政策結果無關）可知選B選項“他們依賴于工具變量”，以及C選項“他們不區(qū)分投票是強制性的還是強制性的”錯誤；第三段Mostofthesestudies,however,facemethodologicalshortcomingsbecausetheyarebasedonrelativelysimplecross-sectionalregressionwithoutaconvincingidentificationstrategyforcausalinference（然而，大多數(shù)這些研究都面臨著方法論上的缺陷，因為它們是基于相對簡單的橫斷面回歸，沒有一個令人信服的因果推理識別策略）可知A選項“它們相對簡單”錯誤，不是對各種結果變量影響的研究簡單而是研究基于相對簡單的橫斷面回歸，D選項“因果推理沒有令人信服的識別策略”錯誤，和原文不符合。因此B選項正確。

4.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干“FowlerandBechtel,Hangartner,andSchmid”定位到最后一段最后一句Bothstudiesuseanimportantchangeinthevotingruleasleverageforcausalinference,effectivelyexaminingthecounterfactualquestion:Whatwouldhavehappenedifthecompulsoryvotingrulehadnotbeenintroduced?（這兩項研究都使用了投票規(guī)則中的一個重要變化作為因果推理的杠桿，有效地檢驗了一個反事實的問題：如果沒有引入強制投票規(guī)則，會發(fā)生什么?）可知D選項“他們都研究了這個問題：如果沒有引入強制投票規(guī)則，會發(fā)生什么?”和原文不符；最后一段Fowler(2013)estimatesthecausaleffectsoftheintroductionofcompulsoryvotinginAustraliaonelectionoutcomesandpensionspending.Similarly,Bechtel,Hangartner,andSchmid(2013)examinetheeffectsoftheintroductionofcompulsoryvotingintheSwisscantonofVaudontheresultsoffederalreferendums.（Fowler（2013）估計了澳大利亞引入強制投票對選舉結果和養(yǎng)老金支出的因果影響。類似地，Bechtel,Hangartner和Schmid（2013）研究了瑞士沃州引入強制投票對聯(lián)邦公投結果的影響）可知A選項“它們都是在2013年出版的”，B選項“他們都考察了強制投票對選舉結果的影響”和原文相符；最后一段第一句Tworecentstudiesaddressthesemethodologicalconcerns.（最近的兩項研究解決了這些方法論上的問題）可知C選項“它們解決了方法論上的問題”和原文相符。因此D選項符合題意。

13.單選題

Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.TheyworkindifferentfieldsofAItechnology.

B.TheydisagreeaboutthefutureofAItechnology.

C.Theydiffergreatlyintheirknowledgeofmoderntechnology.

D.Theyarebothworriedaboutthenegativeimpactoftechnology.

問題2選項

A.SimplywritingAIsoftware.

B.Stimulatingandmotivating.

C.Lesstime-consumingandfocusingoncreation.

D.Moredemandingandrequiringspecialtraining.

問題3選項

A.Therecouldbejobsnobodywantstodo.

B.Digitallifecouldreplacehumancivilization.

C.Humanswouldbetiredofcommunicatingwithoneanother.

D.Oldpeoplewouldbetakencareofsolelybyunfeelingrobots.

問題4選項

A.Lifewillbecomelikeasciencefictionfilm.

B.Itwilltakeawayhumans’jobsaltogether.

C.Chipswillbeinsertedinhumanbrains.

D.Itwillbesmarterthanhumanbeings.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】ConversationTwo

W:[5]Howdoyoufeelaboutthefutureofartificialintelligence?Personally,Ifeelquiteoptimisticaboutit.

M:[5]AI?I’mnotsooptimisticactually.Infact,it’ssomethingweshouldbeconcernedabout.

W:Well,itwillhelpushumansunderstandourselvesbetter,andwhenwehaveabetterunderstandingofourselves,wecanimprovetheworld.

M:Well,onethingisforsure,technologyisevolvingfasterthanourabilitytounderstandit,andinthefutureAIwillmakejobskindofpointless.

W:[6]Ithinkartificialintelligencewillactuallyhelpcreatenewkindsofjobswhichwouldrequirelessofourtimeandallowustobecenteredoncreativetasks.

M:Idoubtthatverymuch.ProbablythelastjobthatwillremainwouldbewritingAIsoftware.Andtheneventually,AIwilljustwriteitsownsoftware.

W:Atthattime,we’regoingtohavealotofjobswhichnobodywillwanttodo,sowe’llneedartificialintelligencefortherobotstotakecareoftheoldguyslikeus.

M:Idon’tknow.[7]There’sariskthathumancivilizationcouldbereplacedbyasuperiortypeofdigitallife.AIwillbeabletocompletelysimulateapersonineverywaypossible.Infact,somepeoplethinkwe’reinasimulation,rightnow.

W:That’simpossible.Humanscan’tevenmakeamosquito.Computersonlyhavechips.Peoplehavebrains,andthat’swherethewisdomcomesfrom.

M:Onceit’sfullydeveloped,AIwillbecometiredoftryingtocommunicatewithhumans,aswewouldbemuchslowerthinkersincomparison.

W:I’mnotsosure.Acomputerisacomputer,andacomputerisjustatoy.

M:[8]Computerscaneasilycommunicateincrediblyfast,sothecomputerwilljustgetimpatienttalkingtohumans.It’llbebarelygettinganyinformationout.

W:Well,Ibelievethere’sabenevolentfuturewithAI.Ialsothinkyouwatchtoomanysciencefictionfilms.

5.Whatdowelearnaboutthespeakersfromtheconversation?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問從對話中我們可以了解到關于說話人的哪些信息？根據(jù)錄音原文可知，男士和女士就人工智能的未來展開討論，并且雙方持不同的觀點，女士持樂觀的態(tài)度，男士則與之相反，并且表示擔憂。由此可知，B選項“他們對人工智能技術的未來意見不一”正確。A選項“他們都在人工智能技術的不同領域工作”這一信息在錄音中沒有信息提及；C選項“他們在現(xiàn)代技術方面的認識差別很大”，表述過于寬泛，錄音中只提到人工智能領域，并沒有涉及其他現(xiàn)代技術，因此C選項不正確；D選項“他們都擔心技術的負面影響”，錄音中只有男士對此是擔憂的，女士是持樂觀的態(tài)度，因此，D選項不正確。

6.Whatwillnewkindsofjobsbelike,accordingtothewoman?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問根據(jù)女士的說法，新型的工作會是什么樣的？女士認為人工智能將有助于創(chuàng)造新型的工作，這些工作將占用人們更少的時間，讓人們集中精力去做創(chuàng)造性的工作，C選項“花費的時間更少且專注于創(chuàng)造”與錄音原文的意思表述一致，因此正確。A選項“僅僅需要編寫人工智能軟件”不屬于女士的觀點，因此排除；B選項“有趣又能激勵人心的”和D選項“要求更高且需要特殊培訓的”在錄音原文中均未提及，因此排除。

7.Whatistheriskthemananticipates?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問男士預期會出現(xiàn)的風險是什么？女士提出未來會出現(xiàn)很多沒人愿意做的工作，所以需要人工智能機器人來幫我們做。對于這一點，男士表示懷疑，認為這樣的話，人類文明可能會被一種先進的數(shù)字生活方式所取代，B選項“數(shù)字生活可能會取代人類文明”是對錄音原文的轉述，因此正確。A選項“可能會有沒人愿意做的工作”是女士提出的觀點，與男士無關，因此排除；C選項“人類會厭倦彼此交流”，錄音中說的是，一旦人工智能發(fā)展完善，將會厭倦與人類交流，并不是人類厭倦彼此交流，屬于偷換概念。D選項“老年人將只能由沒有感情的機器人來照顧”，錄音中女士說的是：我們需要人工智能讓機器人來照顧我們這些年老的人，選項意思與錄音原文不符，并且不屬于男士的看法，因此也可排除。

8.Whatistheman’sconcernaboutAItechnology?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問男士對人工智能技術有什么顧慮？在對話的最后，男士說道，計算機很容易就能以驚人的速度進行通信，所以未來計算機與人類交流時，只會失去耐心，這樣的話，人類幾乎不可能從中獲取任何信息。由此可知，男士認為以計算機為依托的人工智能可能在未來超越人類的智慧，沒有耐心與人類交流，D選項“它將比人類更聰明”是對錄音原文的概括，因此正確。A選項“生活會變得像科幻電影”利用錄音最后的sciencefictionfilm設置干擾，與原文表述不符，因此排除；B選項“它將徹底奪走人類的工作”，雖然在原文中能找到相關信息，但這只是表面信息，男士的顧慮歸根結底還是因為人工智能的發(fā)展可能會超越人類的智慧，因此B選項不準確；C選項“人類的大腦將會被植入芯片”在錄音中沒有信息提及，因此排除。

14.單選題

WhentheBastillefellin1789,manyobserversconcludedthatFrancehadjoinedtheUnitedStatesintheattempttobecomeanenlightenedrepublic.Eversince,eyewitnesses―andthenhistorians—havesoughttoexplainthecomplexconnectionsbetweentheserevolutions.Scholarshipfallsintotwogeneralcamps:authorswhocomparetherevolutions’trajectoriesandachievements;andthosewhoareinterestedinimpact,howeachcountryinfluencedtheother.BothapproachesarecentraltonarrativesoftheearlyUnitedStates,affectinginterpretationsofnationalism,politicallife,andtheeconomy,amongotherissues.

Forallthatweknowaboutthese'sisterrepublics,’PhilippZiesche’sCosmopolitanPatriotsandDoinaPascaHarsanyi’sLessonsfromAmericaremindushowmuchremainsunderexplored.TheseworksshednewlightontherelationshipbetweenFranceandtheUnitedStatesinthe1790s,andtheydosothroughthepurviewofmigrants.ZieschefocusesoneliteAmericanswhoweredrawntoParisforideologicalandeconomicreasons,whileHarsanyiconsidersFrenchnobleswhofoundthemselvesonthewrongsideofrevolutionandendedupintemporaryexileinPhiladelphia.Forbothhistorians,theseemigrantsofferanadvantageousperspectivebecauseoftheirdislocation.Althoughthemotivationforeachgroup’smovediffered(onewasvoluntarily,theothernot),marginalityintheirhostnationsledthemtoreflect,withkeeninsight,onwhattheUnitedStatescouldlearnfromFranceandviceversa.Theirexperiences,theauthorsargue,showushowsomeinfluentialmenmadesenseofthereverberationsofrevolutions.

PhilippZiesche’sAmericansinParisarefamiliarfaces,includingThomasJefferson,GouverneurMorris,ThomasPaine,JoelBarlow,andJamesMonroe.ForZiesche’spurposes,what’smostimportantaboutthese“patriots”istheircosmopolitanism—theirbeliefthatallmenwere‘fellowcitizensoftheworld,’unitedbyacommonsetofvaluesthatelidednational,religious,linguistic,andotherdifferences.ThisnotionencouragedthemtotraveltoParisinthe1790s,thinkingthatthey,armedwithrepublicanknow-how,couldbeusefultotheirFrenchcounterpartsinthetranslationofuniversalidealsintopractice.Buttheprojectofcreatingrepublicannationswas,toacertainextent,atoddswithcosmopolitanism,sincenations,itwasbelieved,reflectedthemoresandmannersuniquetoapopulationandplace.Zieschepointsout,however,thatindividualnationalprojectsalwayslookedelsewhereforinstruction,andtheyderivedlegitimacy,inpart,fromofficialrecognitionbyothernations.Universalismwasaninescapablecomponentofnationalism.

The‘cosmopolitanpatriots’werewellawareofthetensionbetweentheparticularandtheuniversalinthemakingofrepublicannations,andtheirwrestlingwiththisdynamicintheFrenchcontextinfluencedtheirvisionfortheUnitedStates.Eachchapterexploresanaspectofthisproblemthroughoneormoreindividuals,allthewhileprogressingchronologicallythroughthedecade.ZieschebeginswithThomasJeffersonandGouverneurMorrisandtheirimpressionsofthenewFrenchconstitutionof1789,andhethenconsidersthedivergentstancesofWilliamShortandJeffersonontheJacobinsandrevolutionaryviolence.

1.Whatmakesscholarshipfallintothetwocampsaccordingtothepassage?

2.WhatisthecommongroundbetweenthetwohistoriansofPhilippZiescheandDoinaPascaHarsanyi?

3.Theword“elided”inParagraph3refersto（）.

4.Whoarethose“cosmopolitanpatriots”accordingtothepassage?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeaddedtothepassage?

問題1選項

A.Whothosecosmopolitanpatriotsare.

B.Whatthosecosmopolitanpatriotsdidtothenewrepublics.

C.TherelationshipbetweenAmericanRevolutionandFrenchRevolutionintheeighteenthcentury.

D.ThelessonsfromAmericanRevolutionandFrenchRevolution.

問題2選項

A.Thesameexplanationofnationalismanduniversalism.

B.TheexplorativeexplanationoftheconnectionsbetweenrevolutionstakingplaceintheUnitedStatesandFrancefromtheperspectiveofmigrants.

C.ThecommoninterestinfindingthesamedrivebehindtheAmericannationalismandFrenchnationalism.

D.Thebeliefthatallmenareunitedbythesamesetofvalues.

問題3選項

A.elicited

B.elevated

C.ignored

D.illustrated

問題4選項

A.TheinfluentialAmericanimmigrantsinFrance.

B.ThoseelitesinbothintheUnitedStatesandFrance.

C.EmigrantsbothfromtheUnitedStatesandFrance.

D.FrenchnoblesintheUnitedStates.

問題5選項

A.Harsanyi’sLessonsfromAmericaconsideredhowtheexperiencesofexiledFrenchmeninPhiladelphiashapedtheirhopesfortheFrenchgovernment.

B.WhatthedifferencesbetweentheUnitedStatesandFranceare.

C.WhytheUnitedStatesandFrancearebothcalledrepublic.

D.WhytheBastillefell.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句“Eversince,eyewitnesses―andthenhistorians—havesoughttoexplainthecomplexconnectionsbetweentheserevolutions.”，可知從那時起，一些見證者和歷史學家試圖解釋這些復雜革命之間的相互聯(lián)系。所以是法國革命和美國革命之間的相互聯(lián)系使學術界分成了兩大陣營。選項C符合題意。

2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句“TheseworksshednewlightontherelationshipbetweenFranceandtheUnitedStatesinthe1790s,andtheydosothroughthepurviewofmigrants.”，可知他們的作品都重新闡述了18世紀90年代法國和美國的關系，并且都是通過移民的角度來闡述的。所以他們都從移民的角度對美國革命和法國革命之間的聯(lián)系進行探索性的解釋。選項B符合題意。

3.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“theirbeliefthatallmenwere‘fellowcitizensoftheworld,’unitedbyacommonsetofvaluesthatelidednational,religious,linguistic,andotherdifferences.”，可知他們的信仰是“所有的人都是世界上的公民”，因為一些共同的價值觀而被統(tǒng)一起來，這些價值觀是忽略了民族、宗教、語言和其他各方面的差異的。所以應該選出“忽略”的同義詞。選項C符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“thinkingthatthey,armedwithrepublicanknow-how,couldbeusefultotheirFrenchcounterpartsinthetranslationofuniversalidealsintopractice.”，可知他們認為掌握了共和國的專業(yè)知識，他們對于法國同胞來說，將普世理想轉化為現(xiàn)實是有幫助的。所以那些“世界性的愛國者”是在法國具有影響力的美國移民。選項A符合題意。

5.推斷題。根據(jù)文章結構，第二段中提到了Ziesche和Harsanyi兩人的作品，從兩類移民的角度而寫出，下文主要講述Ziesche作品中，美國精英根據(jù)在法國的所聞所見而對自己的國家產(chǎn)生了新的愿景“andtheirwrestlingwiththisdynamicintheFrenchcontextinfluencedtheirvisionfortheUnitedStates（第四段）”。因此可推測下文中會對Harsanyi的“從美國汲取的教訓”這本書，從被放逐至美國的法國貴族這一角度出發(fā)寫出他們對法國的一些思考或希望。因此A選項符合文意。

15.單選題

Thecustomsinspectorwas______forsmugglers.

問題1選項

A.ontheguard

B.onthewatch

C.onwatch

D.onalert

【答案】B

【解