考研考博-英語-四川電影電視學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川電影電視學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Theyoungmathteachergaveherstudentsextraworktodobecauseshewas______byallthenoiseandthetalkingintheclassroom.

問題1選項

A.exasperated

B.aggregated

C.perturbed

D.assailed

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項exasperate“激怒，使惱怒”，B項aggregate“集合，聚集”，C項perturb“擾亂，使……混亂”，D項assail“攻擊，質(zhì)問”。由Theyoungmathteachergaveherstudentsextraworktodo（這位年輕的數(shù)學老師給她的學生布置了額外的作業(yè)）和noiseandthetalkingintheclassroom（教室里的噪音和講話聲），結(jié)合常識，可知空格處填入A項符合。句意：這位年輕的數(shù)學老師給她的學生布置了額外的作業(yè)，因為她被教室里的噪音和講話聲激怒了。因此，該題選擇A項。

2.翻譯題

WhenvisitingtheU.K.andlookingtoseewhatphonesthelocalsuse,oddsarethateveryotheronehasGoogleorAndroiddeviceinhand.ResearchfromKantarWorldpanelComTechbywayoftheMobileBusinessBriefingindicatesthatAndroidphonescommanda49.9percentmarketshareintheU.K.,upfrom29percentayearago.MuchoftheAndroidsharecomesattheexpenseofacompetitoryoumightexpecttobehurtingtoobadly:Apple’siPhone.

ThereareafewreasonsIcanthinkofthatexplainthenumbers,andIexpectabitofareversalinthenextsixmonthsorso.First,eventhoughtheiPhone4wasapopularmodelformorethanayear,otherAndroidphonesarrivedtothemarketbeforethetraditionalyearlyiPhonerefresh.IsuspectsomeintheU.K.decidednottowaitfortheiPhone4SandinsteadpurchasedanewSamsungorHTCdevice.Indeed,thesetwohandsetmakersaccountedfor83percentofallAndroidsalesintheU.K.inthethree-monthperiodendingOct.2.

【答案】答：

如果你在英國，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)街上每兩個人中就有一個使用的是安裝谷歌或安卓系統(tǒng)的智能手機。市場研究公司KantarWorldpanelComTech通過移動商業(yè)簡報完成的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，安卓手機在英國市場的市占率達49.9%，環(huán)比上升了29%。而安卓手機的市場份額大多數(shù)來自于蘋果公司的iPhone。

為什么市場份額會有這么大的變動？我想原因有很多，而且我預計在未來六個月內(nèi)將有一定的反彈。首先，雖然iPhone4已經(jīng)流行了一年多，但更多的安卓手機趁蘋果公司新款發(fā)布會之前進入了市場。我猜測一些人決定不再等待iPhone4S，轉(zhuǎn)而購買了三星或者HTC的新款手機。截至十月二日，在過去的三個月期間，這兩大手機生產(chǎn)商占據(jù)了英國安卓手機83%的份額。

3.單選題

Themedicine（

）hispainbutdidnotcurehisillness.

問題1選項

A.activated

B.alleviated

C.mediated

D.deteriorated

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。activate“刺激，激活”；mediate“調(diào)?！?；deteriorate“惡化”，alleviate“減輕”。句意：這種藥物減輕了他的痛苦，但是沒有治愈他。選項B符合題意。

4.單選題

Theplanforthenewofficetowerwentahead（）oflocalopposition.

問題1選項

A.onaccount

B.inthelight

C.out

D.regardless

【答案】D

【解析】句意：新建辦公樓的計劃已經(jīng)提前啟動，當?shù)鼐用竦姆磳?。onaccount因為；inthelight因為，依據(jù)；out出于；regardless不管。根據(jù)后半句，當?shù)鼐用穹磳?，還是提前啟動了計劃，因此選D。

5.填空題

I’msorry,butIdon’thave（1）tothatsortofinformation.Perhapsifyouconsultmycolleaguesupstairs,theycan（2）you.

【答案】

Normal

0

7.8磅

0

2

false

false

false

EN-US

ZH-CN

X-NONE

1.access;

2.help

【解析】1.固定搭配。第一空為固定用法,haveaccessto有權(quán)查看或使用。

2.語義題。第二空應填一個動詞原形，句意:如果你咨詢我同事,他們會幫助你。此處填入help“幫助”符合句意。

6.單選題

Whydosomedesertplantsgrowtallandthinlikeorganpipes?Whydomosttreesinthetropicskeeptheirleavesyearround?WhyintheArctictundraaretherenotreesatall?Aftermanyyearswithoutconvincinggeneralanswers,wenowknowmuchaboutwhatsetsthefashioninplantdesign.

Usingterminologymorecharacteristicofathermalengineerthanofabotanist,wecanthinkofplantsasmechanismsthatmustbalancetheirheatbudgets.AplantbydayisstakedoutundertheSunwithnowayofshelteringitself.Alldaylongitabsorbsheat.Ifitdidnotloseasmuchheatasitgained,theneventuallyitwoulddie.

Plantsgetridoftheirheatbywarmingtheairaroundthem,byevaporatingwater,andbyradiatingheattotheatmosphereandthecold,blackreachesofspacetemperatureistolerablefortheprocessesoflife.PlantsintheArctictundralieclosetothegroundinthethinlayerofstillairthatclingsthere.AfootortwoabovethegroundarethewindsofArcticcold.TundraplantsabsorbheatfromtheSunandtendtowarmup;theyprobablybalancemostoftheirheatbudgetsbyradiatingheattospace,butalsobywarmingthestillairthatistrappedamongthem.AslongasArcticplantsareclosetotheground,theycanbalancetheirheatbudgets.Butiftheyshouldstretchupasatreedoes,theywouldlifttheirworkingparts,theirleaves,intothestreamingArcticwinds.ThenitislikelythattheplantscouldnotabsorbenoughheatfromtheSuntoavoidbeingcooledbelowacriticaltemperature.YourheatbudgetdoesnotbalanceifyoustandtallintheArctic.

Suchthinkingalsohelpsexplainothercharacteristicsofplantdesign.AdesertplantfacestheoppositeproblemfromthatofanArcticplant—thedangerofoverheating.Itisshortofwaterandsocannotcoolitselfbyevaporationwithoutdehydrating.Thefamiliarsticklikeshapeofdesertplantsrepresentsoneofthesolutionstothisproblem:theshapeexposesthesmallestpossiblesurfacetoincomingsolarradiationandprovidesthelargestpossiblesurfacefromwhichtheplantcanradiateheat.Intropicalrainforests,bywayofcontrast,thescorchingsunisnotaproblemforplantsbecausethereissufficientwater.

Thisworkingmodelallowsustoconnectthegeneralcharacteristicsoftheformsofplantsindifferenthabitatswithfactorssuchastemperature,availabilityofwater,andpresenceorabsenceofseasonaldifferences.OurEarthiscoveredwithapatchworkquiltofmeteorologicalconditions,andthepatternsofthispatchworkarefaithfullyreflectedbytheplants.

1.Whichofthefollowingcharacteristicsofplantsdoesthepassageprimarilyfocuson?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingismostresponsibleforpreventingtreesfromgrowingtallintheArctic?

3.Theauthorsuggeststhatthe"sticklikeshapeofdesertplants"inLine3(Paragraph4)canbeattributedtothe（）

4.Allofthefollowingarementionedinthepassageascontributionstotheplants,balancingtheirheatEXCEPT.

5.WhichistheTRUEstatementaboutthedifferentplants?

問題1選項

A.Theirabilitytogrowequallywellinallenvironments.

B.TheireffectsontheEarth'satmosphere.

C.Theirabilitytostorewaterfordryperiods.

D.Theirabilitytobalanceheatintakeandoutput.

問題2選項

A.Thehard,frozenground.

B.Thesmallamountofavailablesunshine.

C.Thecold,destructivewinds.

D.Thelargeamountofsnowthatfallseachyear.

問題3選項

A.inabilityoftheplantstoradiateheattotheairaroundthem

B.presenceofirregularseasonaldifferencesinthedesert

C.largesurfaceareathattheplantsmustexposetotheSun

D.extremeheatandaridityofthehabitat

問題4選項

A.radiatingheattotheatmosphere

B.warmingtheairaroundthem

C.absorbingheatfromthesun

D.evaporatingwater

問題5選項

A.Arcticplantsexposethesmallestpossiblesurfacetoincomingsolarradiation.

B.Tropicalplantsareusuallynotaffectedbythestrongsunshine.

C.Desertplantsgrowdenselyclosetotheground.

D.Plantsindifferentregionsshownorelationstotheseasons.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:主旨思想題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句"plantsasmechanismsthatmustbalancetheirheatbudgets."植物作為生物體要保持熱量的平衡，之后的段落主要說明植物是如何保持熱量平衡的。所以本文主要圍繞植物吸收與散發(fā)熱量的平衡來展開說明。選項D正確。

第2題:根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，只要北極植物靠近地面，就能平衡熱量收支，如果北極植物過高，則會受到北極風的影響，從而無法從太陽吸收足夠的熱量。所以，北極植物長得矮主要是受北極的風影響，選項C正確。

第3題:信息推斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段第三句"Itisshortofwaterandsocannotcoolitselfbyevaporationwithoutdehydrating"它缺少水，所以不脫水就不能通過蒸發(fā)來冷卻自己。選項D符合原文。

第4題:細節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的第一句"Plantsgetridoftheirheatbywarmingtheairaroundthem,byevaporatingwater,andbyradiatingheattotheatmosphere"。只有選項C沒有提及。

第5題:信息判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容可知選項A指的是沙漠植物而不是北極植物；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的最后一句"Intropicalrainforests,...thescorchingsunisnotaproblemforplants..."可知選項B正確；選項C描述的是北極植物；根據(jù)最后一段的第一句可知，不同地區(qū)的植物與季節(jié)相關(guān)，所以選項D也錯誤。

7.單選題

Thesaleusuallytakesplaceoutsidethehouse,withtheaudience（

）onbenches,chairsorboxes.

問題1選項

A.havingseated

B.seated

C.seating

D.havingbeenseated

【答案】B

【解析】考查非謂語動詞的用法?，F(xiàn)在分詞通常強調(diào)動作的主動語態(tài)，而過去分詞強調(diào)狀態(tài)，強調(diào)被動語態(tài)或已經(jīng)發(fā)生過的，根據(jù)句意‘促銷通常在戶外進行，人們坐在長凳、椅子或盒子上’確定B選項的seated表示坐的狀態(tài)，正確。

8.單選題

Icutmyfingertwodaysagoandithasbecomebadly______.

問題1選項

A.infected

B.decayed

C.deteriorated

D.diseased

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項infected“受感染的，受細菌污染的”，B項decayed“腐爛的，腐敗的”，C項deteriorated“惡化的，已變質(zhì)的”，D項diseased“不健全的，患病的”。根據(jù)前面的句子Icutmyfingertwodaysago“兩天以前我切到了手指”可知，空格部分表示“感染”符合語境。句意：我兩天前割破了手指，現(xiàn)在感染得很嚴重。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

9.單選題

ItwascourageousenoughforGalileoto______thefallingobjecttheorydevelopedbyAristotle,theauthoritativeGreekscientist.

問題1選項

A.advance

B.defy

C.justify

D.translate

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項advance“（常指為攻擊而）前進；（尤指知識）發(fā)展”；B選項defy“違抗；向……挑戰(zhàn)”；C選項justify“證明……有理”；D選項translate“翻譯；轉(zhuǎn)化”。句意：伽利略有足夠的勇氣______由權(quán)威的希臘科學家亞里斯多德提出的落體理論。根據(jù)語境，這里指伽利略為了科學的發(fā)展而質(zhì)疑落體理論，B選項defy“違抗；向……挑戰(zhàn)”符合題意。因此B選項正確。

10.單選題

Althoughhehasbecomerich,heisstillvery（

）ofhismoney.

問題1選項

A.economic

B.thrifty

C.frugal

D.careful

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。句意:雖然他已經(jīng)很富有了，但是他仍十分節(jié)儉。

economic經(jīng)濟的；thrifty節(jié)儉的，通常與with連用，例如bethriftywithmoney節(jié)約用錢；frugal節(jié)儉，通常與of連用，例如befrugalofone’smoney節(jié)約用錢;careful小心的。故選C。

11.單選題

Thegovernorwas______forwrongfuluseofstatemoney.

問題1選項

A.implanted

B.impended

C.imbued

D.impeached

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.implanted植入B.impended即將發(fā)生，正在逼近

C.imbued灌輸，感染D.impeached彈劾，歸咎

【答案】D

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)空格后的句子意思“因挪用州政府的資金”，結(jié)合選項意思可知，Thegovernorwas______表示“州長被彈劾了”；因此，該題選擇D項符合句意。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C項都不符合語義邏輯。

【句意】這位州長因挪用州政府的資金而被彈劾。

12.單選題

Ipreferhisplantoyours,（）itismorepracticalandeasiertobecarriedout.

問題1選項

A.forwhich

B.inwhich

C.forthat

D.inthat

【答案】D

【解析】句意：與你的計劃相比，我更喜歡他的計劃，因為它更實際，更容易執(zhí)行。inthat表原因，符合句意。

13.單選題

Engines[A]usedinspaceshuttlesare[B]muchlargerand[C]morestrongthanthe[D]onesusedinthecars.

問題1選項

A.used

B.muchlarger

C.morestrong

D.ones

【答案】C

【解析】【考查點】比較級用法。

【解題思路】Strong的比較級是在其后面直接加er，所以要把morestrong改為stronger。該題選擇C項。

【句意】航天飛機上使用的發(fā)動機比汽車上使用的要大得多，也更堅固。

14.單選題

AdamSmith,writinginthe1770s,wasthefirstpersontoseetheimportanceofthedivisionoflaborandtoexplainpartofitsadvantages.HegivesasanexampletheprocessbywhichpinsweremadeinEngland.

“Onemandrawsoutthewire;anotherstrengthensit;athirdcutsit;afourthpointsit;afifthgrindsitatthetoptoprepareittoreceivethehead.Tomaketheheadrequirestwoorthreeoperations.Toputitonisaseparateoperation,topolishthepinsisanother.Andtheimportantbusinessofmakingpinsis,inthismanner,dividedintoabouteighteenoperations,whichinsomefactoriesareallperformedbydifferentpeople,thoughinothersthesamemanwillsometimesperformtwoorthreeofthem.”

Tenmen,Smithsaid,inthisway,turnedouttwelvepoundsofpinsadayorabout4,800pinsperworker.Butifallofthemhadworkedseparatelyandindependentlywithoutdivisionoflabor,noneofthemcouldhavemadetwentypinsinadayandperhapsnotevenone.

Therecanbenodoubtthatdivisionoflaborisanefficientwayoforganizingwork.Fewerpeoplecanmakemorepins.AdamSmithsawthisbuthealsotookitforgrantedthatdivisionoflaborisinitselfresponsibleforeconomicgrowthanddevelopmentandthatitaccountsforthedifferencebetweenexpandingeconomiesandthosethatstandstill.Butdivisionoflaboraddsnothingnew;itonlyenablespeopletoproducemoreofwhattheyalreadyhave.

1.Accordingtothepassage,AdamSmithwasthefirstpersonto（）.

2.AdamSmithsawthatthedivisionoflabor（）.

3.AdamSmithmentionedthenumber4,800inorderto（）.

4.Accordingtothewriter,AdamSmith’smistakewasinbelievingthatdivisionoflabor（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingcouldserveasanappropriatetitleforthepassage?

問題1選項

A.takeadvantageofthedivisionoflabor

B.introducethedivisionoflaborintoEngland

C.understandtheeffectsofthedivisionoflabor

D.explainthecausesofthedivisionoflabor

問題2選項

A.enabledeachworkertomakepinsmorequicklyandmorecheaply

B.increasedthepossibleoutputperworker

C.increasedthenumberofpeopleemployedinfactories

D.improvedthequalityofpinsproduced

問題3選項

A.showtheadvantagesofthedivisionoflabor

B.showtheadvantagesoftheoldcraftsystem

C.emphasizehowpowerfultheindividualworkerwas

D.emphasizetheimportanceofincreasedproduction

問題4選項

A.wasanefficientwayoforganizingwork

B.wasanimportantdevelopmentinmethodsofproduction

C.certainlyledtoeconomicdevelopment

D.increasedtheproductionofexistinggoods

問題5選項

A.AdamSmith,theEnglishEconomist

B.TheTheoryofDivisionofLabor

C.DivisionofLabor,anEfficientWayofOrganizingWork

D.AdamSmith,theLastDiscovererofDivisionofLabor

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段第一句可知，AdamSmith是第一個認識到勞動分工的重要性并解釋其部分優(yōu)勢的人。選項C符合原文。

2.細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“Fewerpeoplecanmakemorepins.”可知，勞動分工增加了每個工人盡可能多的產(chǎn)量，所以選項B正確。

3.細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，如果沒有進行分工，沒有工人能在一天內(nèi)完成二十枚別針，甚至連一枚都做不成，而通過分工合作，相當于每個工人生產(chǎn)4800枚別針，作者是想通過這一數(shù)字來說明分工的優(yōu)勢。選項A正確。

4.細節(jié)推斷題。最后一段第三句“AdamSmithsawthisbuthealsotookitforgrantedthatdivisionoflaborisinitselfresponsibleforeconomicgrowthanddevelopment...”但他也理所當然地認為，勞動分工本質(zhì)上對經(jīng)濟增長和發(fā)展負責。選項C符合原文。

5.主旨題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講的是勞動分工，重點不是在于AdamSmith也不是講述理論，所以選項C最能概括全文。

15.單選題

Conveniencefoodswhicharealreadypreparedforcookingareavailableingrocerystores.

問題1選項

A.ready

B.approachable

C.probable

D.obtainable

【答案】D

【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項ready“準備好的，現(xiàn)成的，迅速的”；B選項approachable“可接近的，可到達的，易理解的”；C選項probable“很可能的，可信的”；D選項obtainable“能得到的，能獲得的”。句意：現(xiàn)成的方便食品可以在雜貨店買到。Available“可獲得的；可購得的；可找到的；有空的”，所以D選項與該詞意思最相近，因此D選項正確。

16.單選題

Thechieffoodseateninacountrydependslargelyon（）bestinitsclimateandsoil.

問題1選項

A.allwhatitgrows

B.whatgrows

C.whichgrows

D.whatdoesitgrow

【答案】B

【解析】根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,句中缺少賓語。選項A結(jié)構(gòu)錯誤,先行詞all后面只能接關(guān)系代詞that；選項C缺少先行詞；選項D是疑問句,不能做賓語。所以選項B正確。

17.單選題

Thecontributiongenesmaketointelligenceincreasesaschildrengrowolder.Thisgoesagainstthe

notionthatmostpeopleholdthatasweage，environmentalinfluencesgraduallyoverpowerthegenetic

legacywearebomwithandmayhaveimplicationsforeducation.“Peopleassumethegeneticinfluence

goesdownwithagebecausetheenvironmentaldifferencesbetweenpeoplepileupinlife,”saysRobert

Plomin.“Whatwefoundwasquiteamazing,andgoesintheotherdirection.”

Previousstudieshaveshownvariationsinintelligenceareatleastpartlyduetogenetics.Tofindoutwhetherthisgeneticcontributionvarieswithage,Plomin’steampooleddatafromsixseparatestudiescarriedoutintheUS,theUK,AustraliaandtheNetherlands,involvingatotalof11,000pairsoftwins.Inthesestudies,theresearcherstestedtwinsonreasoning,logicandarithmeticstomeasureaquantitycalledgeneralcognitiveability,or“G”.Eachstudyalsoincludedbothidenticaltwins,withthesamegenes,andfraternaltwins,sharingabouthalftheirgenes,makingitpossibletodistinguishthecontributionsofgenesandenvironmenttotheirGscores.

Plomin’steamcalculatedthatinchildhood,genesaccountforabout41percentofthevariationin

intelligence.Inadolescence,thisroseto55percent；byyoungadolescence,itwas66percent.Nooneknowswhytheinfluencefromgenesshouldincreasewithage,butPlominsuggeststhataschildrenget

older，theybecomebetteratexploitingandmanipulatingtheirenvironmenttosuittheirgeneticneeds,

andsays“KidswithhighGwillusetheirenvironmenttofostertheircognitiveabilityandchoosefriends

whoarelike-minded.”ChildrenwithmediumtolowGmaychooselesschallengingpastimesand

activities,furtheremphasizingtheirgeneticlegacy.

Isthereanywaytointerferewiththepattern?Perhaps.“Theevidenceofstrongheritabilitydoesn’t

meanatallthatthereisnothingyoucandoaboutit，”saysSusanneJaeggi，“Fromourownwork,the

onesthatstartedoffwithlowerIQscoreshadhighergainsaftertraining.’’

Plominsuggeststhatgeneticdifferencesmaybemoreemphasizedifallchildrenshareanidenticalcurriculuminsteadofitbeingtailoredtochildren’snaturalabilities.“Myinclinationwouldbetogiveeveryoneagoodeducation,butputmoreeffortintothelowerend,”hesays.IntelligenceresearcherPaulThompsonagrees:“Itshowsthateducatorsneedtosteerkidstowardsthingsdrawingouttheirnaturaltalents.”

1.Whatisthecommonnotionthatpeopleholdaboutgenes?

2.ThestudybyPlomin’steamaimstofindout(

)

3.Fromtheexperimentwithtwins,Plomin’steamdrawsaconclusionthat(

).

4.Theword“pattern”inparagraphfourisclosestinmeaningto(

).

5.WhichofthefollowingmightPlomin’steamleastagreeto?

問題1選項

A.Humanscandolittletochangethegeneticdifferencesbetweenpeople.

B.Geneticinfluencebecomesstrongerwhenpeoplereceiveeducation.

C.Genescontributemoretoone’sintelligencethanenvironmentalfactors.

D.Environmentalfactorslessentheinfluenceofgenesonone’sintelligence.

問題2選項

A.whethervariationsinintelligencearecausedbygeneticdifferences

B.howtooverpowergeneticfactorswithneweducationalapproaches

C.whethergeneticcontributiontoone’sintelligencevarieswithage

D.therelationshipbetweenenvironmentandgenes

問題3選項

A.geneticcontributionincreaseswhenonegrowsolder

B.geneticinfluencedecreaseswhenageincreases

C.environmenthasmoreimpactonfraternaltwinsthanidenticaltwins

D.itremainsamysteryhowgenesandenvironmentco-influencepeople

問題4選項

A.cognitiveability

B.strongheritability

C.geneticlegacy

D.challengingpastimes

問題5選項

A.Anidenticalcurriculumtoschoolchildren.

B.AdifferentiatedcoursedesigntochildrenwithvariedIQ.

C.MoreeffortdirectedatchildrenwithmediumorlowG.

D.Educationtailoredtochildren’snaturalabilities.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)題。題干：人們對基因的普遍看法是什么？由第一段第二句中的“asweage，environmentalinfluencesgraduallyoverpowerthegeneticlegacywearebomwithandmayhaveimplicationsforeducation”可知大多數(shù)人認為，隨著年齡增長，“environmentalinfluence環(huán)境影響”將逐漸大于“geneticlegacy基因遺傳”。因此選項D符合題意。

2.細節(jié)題。題干：Plomin的研究小組的目的是找出______。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Plomin’steam”定位到第二段第二句，往前有“Tofindoutwhetherthisgeneticcontributionvarieswithage”可知他們的目的是找出基因貢獻是否隨著年齡增長而增加。因此選項C符合題意。

3.細節(jié)推理題。題干：從雙胞胎的實驗中，Plomin的團隊得出了一個結(jié)論_______。第二段最后提到了雙胞胎實驗，第三段開頭講到實驗結(jié)論“Plomin’steamcalculatedthat…”，第三句中“Nooneknowswhytheinfluencefromgenesshouldincreasewithage”可推出實驗結(jié)論就是基因影響隨著年齡的增長而增加。因此選項A符合題意。

4.詞義推測題。題干：第四段中的“pattern”最接近_______。定位點在第四段第一句，因此答案需往前文第三段找。第三段中，Plomin認為G較高的孩子會利用環(huán)境培養(yǎng)自己的認知能力并選擇志同道合的朋友；而G較低的孩子可能會選擇不那么有挑戰(zhàn)的娛樂和活動，進而強化了他們的基因遺傳?？芍@里說的“pattern”就是孩子們認知能力的發(fā)展。因此選項A符合題意。

5.細節(jié)題。題干：下面哪個選項可能是Plomin的團隊最不同意的？由本文最后一段可知，Plomin的團隊認為應該進行差異化教育，對于G中低等的孩子應投入更多精力。因此選項A符合題意。

18.單選題

Throughmicroscopespeoplecanseeobjectsthatare______tothenakedeyes.

問題1選項

A.invisible

B.invincible

C.incredible

D.impassable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項invisible“無形的，看不見的”，B項invincible“無敵的，不能征服的”，C項incredible“不能相信的，難以置信的”，D項impassable“不能通行的，無路可通的”。根據(jù)句子意思“通過顯微鏡，人們可以看到對肉眼來說……物體”可知，A項符合句意。句意：通過顯微鏡人們可以看到肉眼看不見的東西。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

19.單選題

Today’ssuccessinweatherforecastingstemsfromappliedratherthanpurescience.

問題1選項

A.derivesfrom

B.leadsto

C.concurswith

D.benefitsfrom

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。stemfrom表示“起源于”。A項derivefrom“源出，來自”，B項leadto“導致”，C項concurwith“同意”，D項benefitfrom“得益于，得利于”；句意：今天天氣預報的成功源于應用科學而非純科學。根據(jù)句意該題選A。

20.單選題

Thegirlwas（

）ashopassistant;sheisnowamanagerinalargedepartment.

問題1選項

A.preliminarily

B.presumably

C.formally

D.formerly

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。Preliminarily“初步地”；presumably“大概，推測起來”；formally“正式地”；formerly“以前，原來”。句意：這個女孩之前是商店的助理，現(xiàn)在是一個大部門的經(jīng)理。選項D符合題意。

21.單選題

Theyarrivedatsomepoliticalagreementsthatfacilitatedtroopwithdrawals.

問題1選項

A.established

B.maximized

C.guaranteed

D.promoted

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)句意：他們達成了一些政治上的協(xié)議，這……撤軍。facilitate意為“促進，幫助，使容易”。A選項establish“創(chuàng)立，建立”；B選項maximize“最大化”；C選項guarantee“保證，擔?！保籇選項promote“促進，提升”。選項D與之意思最為相近，符合語境。

22.單選題

Theapparentpurposeofallowingthegovernmenttoinvestthetrustfundistotakeadvantageofthehigherreturnsfromprivatecapitalmarkets.Thereisstrongevidence,though,thatthegovernment’sinvestmentpolicysubstantiallycouldundercutthereturnsitotherwisemightexpecttoreceive.HighcapitalmarketreturnsintheUSarederivedfromthehighproductivityofcapitalandtheefficiencyofthemarket.InvestmentoftheSocialsecuritytrustfundinprivatecapitalmarketswillhurtbothofthesesourcesofAmericaneconomicperformance;capitalwillbelessproductiveandmarketswillbelessefficient.

A1994studybytheWorldBankofgovernment-managedpensionfundinvestmentsaroundtheworldfoundthattheygenerallyearnedlowerannualreturnsthanprivatelymanagedpensioninvestments.Itshowedthatgovernmentsgenerallypursuedoneoftwopoliciesfortheirinvestments,bothfundamentallyflawed.

Onewastoinvestheavilyingovernmentsecurities,whichcansuchlowerreturnsthan,forexample,stocks.Therearetworeasonsforthispolicy.First,thereisacautionarysearchforsafeinvestmentsbecausegovernmentsfearthepoliticalreactionifamoreaggressiveinvestmentpolicyweretoleadtoadverseresults.Second,buyingupgovernmentdebtallowthegovernmenttodefertheconsequencesofitsownoverspending.Indeed,thereisevidencethatthepowertoshiftgovernmentdebtintopensionfundsactuallymayinducethemtospendandborrowmore.Borrowingfromthepensionfundislesstransparentthandoingsofromtheopencapitalmarket.Inmanycases,suchborrowingisnotevenreportedaspublicdebt,andtheinterestratemaybelower.

ThisalreadyisoccurringwiththeSocialSecuritytrustfund.ThecurrentsurplusisusedtopurchaseFederalTreasuryobligationsthatarecreditedtotheSocialSecuritytrustfund.Thegovernmentthenutilizesthemoneyithasborrowedfromthetrustfundtomeetcurrentoperatingexpenses.

Theotherinvestmentpolicypursuedbygovernment-controlledpensionfundsistoinvestingovernment-supportedprojects,suchasstate-ownedenterprisesorpublichousing.Again,theresultoftenisextremelylowratesofreturn.Infact,suchinvestmentsfrequentlylosemoney.Moreover,governmentinvestmentleadstogreatergovernmentinvolvementintheeconomythatcould,inturn,leadtopoliciesthatsloweconomicgrowthandreducethereturnoncapitalforallinvestors,includingthegovernmentitself.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,governmentinvestmentoftheSocialSecuritytrustfund（）.

2.A1994studybytheWorldBankofgovernment-managedpensionfundinvestments（）.

3.Fromthelastparagraph,weknowthat（）.

4.Whattonedidtheauthoradoptinthispassage?

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

問題1選項

A.willresultinhigherreturnsfromprivatecapitalmarkets

B.canhaveanegativeeffectontheefficiencyofthemarkets

C.willgiveanimpetustoeconomicdevelopment

D.canpromoteproductivityofcapital

問題2選項

A.mettheexpectationofthehigherannualreturns

B.excludedthepossibilityofamoreaggressiveinvestment

C.failedtomeetwiththegovernment’santicipation

D.failedtoreflectthetruestateofeconomy

問題3選項

A.investmentsingovernment-supportedprojectsoftenearnhighannualreturns

B.greatergovernmentinvolvementintheeconomycouldimpedeeconomicgrowth

C.businessinvestmentsinpublichousingfrequentlylosemoney

D.theinvestmentpolicypursuedbygovernment-controlledpensionfundsisfundamentallyprofitable

問題4選項

A.Satire

B.Exposure

C.Attack

D.Criticism

問題5選項

A.Governmentpoliciesfuelthegovernmentinvestmentintheeconomyandkeepitontherighttrack

B.Governmentinvolvementintheeconomywillultimatelysloweconomicgrowth.

C.Governmentinvestmentingovernment-supportedprojectsisafallacy

D.Governmentmightearnhigherreturnsifitinvestsinstocks

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。第一段指出:HighcapitalmarketreturnsintheUSarederivedfromthehighproductivityofcapitalandtheefficiencyofthemarket.InvestmentoftheSocialsecuritytrustfundinprivatecapitalmarketswillhurtbothofthesesourcesofAmericaneconomicperformance;capitalwillbelessproductiveandmarketswillbelessefficient(美國資本市場的高回報源于資本的高生產(chǎn)率和市場的效率。社會保障信托基金對私人資本市場的投資將損害美國經(jīng)濟表現(xiàn)的這兩個來源；資本的生產(chǎn)效率將降低，市場的效率也將降低)。因此，B項“對市場效率可能產(chǎn)生負面影響”正確。

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干定位至第二段:A1994studybytheWorldBankofgovernment-managedpensionfundinvestmentsaroundtheworldfoundthattheygenerallyearnedlowerannualreturnsthanprivatelymanagedpensioninvestments(1994年，世界銀行在全球范圍內(nèi)進行的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，與私人管理的養(yǎng)老基金投資相比，它們的年回報率普遍較低)。因此C項“沒有達到政府的預期目標”正確。

第3題:判斷推理題。最后一段最后一句指出:Moreover,governmentinvestmentleadstogreatergovernmentinvolvementintheeconomythatcould,inturn,leadtopoliciesthatsloweconomicgrowthandreducethereturnoncapitalforallinvestors,includingthegovernmentitself(此外，政府投資導致政府更多地干預經(jīng)濟，進而可能導致政策放緩經(jīng)濟增長，降低包括政府本身在內(nèi)的所有投資者的資本回報率)。由此可知B項“政府對經(jīng)濟的更多參與可能會阻礙經(jīng)濟增長”正確。

第4題:觀點態(tài)度題。文章開頭指出允許政府進行信貸投資的目的是利用私人資本市場的高額投資回報。然而有力的證據(jù)表明：政府的投資政策實質(zhì)上可能減少它原本預期獲得的投資回報。并且在結(jié)尾部分進一步指出了政府投資導致政府更多地干預經(jīng)濟，進而可能導致政策放緩經(jīng)濟增長，降低包括政府本身在內(nèi)的所有投資者的資本回報率?？梢钥闯鑫恼伦髡叩恼Z氣是在批評政府所采取的社會保障基金投資政策。故選D項。

第5題:細節(jié)事實題。A:政府政策推動了政府投資，并讓經(jīng)濟走上正軌。B:政府在經(jīng)濟方面的投資最終減慢經(jīng)濟增長。C:政府支持項目的投資是錯誤的。D:如果政府投資股市，或許收益更大。第一段第二句指出:Thereisstrongevidence,though,thatthegovernment’sinvestmentpolicysubstantiallycouldundercutthereturnsitotherwisemightexpecttoreceive(然而有力的證據(jù)表明：政府的投資政策實質(zhì)上可能減少它原本預期獲得的投資回報)。由此可知A項錯誤。最后一句指出:governmentinvestmentleadstogreatergovernmentinvolvementintheeconomythatcould,inturn,leadtopoliciesthatsloweconomicgrowth…(政府投資導致政府更多地干預經(jīng)濟，這有可能反過來導致相應政策的制定，這種政策進而會減慢經(jīng)濟增長)。因此B項正確。第三段第一句指出:Onewastoinvestheavilyingovernmentsecurities,whichcansuchlowerreturnsthan,forexample,stocks(其中之一是對政府債券大力投資，其回報遠低于對股市之類的投資)。因此D項正確。最后一段指出:Again,theresultoftenisextremelylowratesofreturn(這種投資的結(jié)果還是回報率很低)，以及:Infact,suchinvestmentsfrequentlylosemoney(事實上，這種投資經(jīng)常賠錢)。因此C項符合原文所述。故此題選A。

23.單選題

Hewas____ofstealingandsenttoprisonforthethirdtime.

問題1選項

A.convicted

B.accused

C.charged

D.sentenced

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.convicted定罪B.accused控告；控訴

C.charged控告；起訴D.sentenced判決；宣判

【答案】A

【考查點】固定搭配。

【解題思路】句意：他被……偷竊罪并且第三次入獄。根據(jù)句意，應該是被定罪為偷竊罪然后送入監(jiān)獄。beconvictedof“宣布有罪”符合語境，因此選A。

【干擾項排除】

B選項accused“控告；控訴”，beaccusedof“被指控”，根據(jù)句意，因為已經(jīng)送入監(jiān)獄，所以應該是宣布有罪了，而不只是被指控有罪，該選項不符合語境；

C選項charged“控告；起訴”，固定搭配bechargedwith或bechargedof，表示“被指控”。根據(jù)句意，因為已經(jīng)送入監(jiān)獄，所以應該是宣布有罪了，而不只是被指控有罪，該選項不符合語境；

D選項sentenced“判決；宣判”，其使用為besentencedto，因此不符合搭配。

【句意】他被宣告犯偷竊罪，第三次被送進監(jiān)