考研考博-英語-四川機電職業(yè)技術學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川機電職業(yè)技術學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Becausemanyofthemineralsfoundontheoceanfloorarestill（

）onlandwhereminingisrelativelyinexpensive,miningtheoceanfloorhasyettobecomea（

）enterprise.

問題1選項

A.mon

B.accessible...marginal

C.unidentified...subsidized

D.fitable

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。A選項的scarce“缺乏的，罕見的”；common“普通的，常見的，共有的，一般的，平常的”；B選項的accessible“可到達的，可進入的，易懂的，易接近的”；marginal“邊緣的，末端的”;C選項的unidentified“未經(jīng)確認的，無法識別的，身份不明的”；subsidize“給與補助金，賄賂”；D選項的plentiful“大量的，眾多的，充足的，豐富的”；profitable“有利的，贏利的”。根據(jù)句意‘由于海底發(fā)現(xiàn)的許多礦物在陸地上仍然大量存在，且陸地上開采又相對廉價，因此，對海底開采還有待于變成一種有利可圖的事業(yè)’確定D選項正確。

2.單選題

AgreementmadebythePresidentwithothercountries____theapprovaloftheSenate.

問題1選項

A.issubjectedto

B.issubjectto

C.subjected

D.subject

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.issubjectedto遭到；受到B.issubjectto受支配于

C.subjected使遭受（過去分詞）D.subject受……支配的；取決于，adj.

【答案】B

【考查點】短語辨析

【解題思路】空格處為原句缺少的謂語，前后語義為“總統(tǒng)與其他國家達成的協(xié)議____經(jīng)參議院批準?！庇纱丝芍?，該句表達的是總統(tǒng)簽訂的協(xié)議需要經(jīng)過參議員的審批，issubjecttotheapprovaloftheSenate“需要經(jīng)過參議員的審批”，B選項issubjectto“受支配于”符合語義。

【干擾項排除】

A選項issubjectedto“遭到；受到”，指使（某人/某事物）經(jīng)歷、遭受不愉快的事情或受不愉快的事物的影響；

C選項subjected“使遭受（過去分詞）”，不符合語境；

D選項subject“受……支配的；取決于，adj.”，不能單獨做謂語。

【句意】總統(tǒng)與其他國家達成的協(xié)議需經(jīng)參議院批準。

3.單選題

TheforeignstudentinChinais（

）withagooddealofChineseculture.

問題1選項

A.scattered

B.overflowed

C.permeated

D.manipulated

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項scattered“分散的，散亂的”；B選項overflowed“溢出的”；C選項permeated“滲透，彌漫”，bepermeatedwith洋溢著；D選項manipulated“操作”。句意：在中國的外國學生洋溢著大量的中國文化氣息。選項C更符合語境。

4.單選題

問題1選項

A.Itsbenefits.

B.ltseffects.

C.ltsdisadvantages.

D.ltsusefulness.

問題2選項

A.lthelpstosimplifythetask.

B.ltmakestheclinicalinformationsystemsmorecomplex.

C.Itismoredifficultwithoutclinicalinformationsystem.

D.ltissimplertocarrythetaskout.

問題3選項

A.Theyareforcedtobebrief.

B.Theysavedoctor'stime.

C.Theytendtobelongbutmeaningless.

D.Theyarewelcomedbydoctors.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

【解析】第1題:對于臨床信息系統(tǒng)，對話中的描述是“Complexclinicalinformationsystemsmakesimpletasksdifficulttocarryout（復雜的臨床信息系統(tǒng)使得簡單的任務難以執(zhí)行）”，這是在說它的缺點，所以C選項正確。

第2題:這個女性提到醫(yī)生對于這個軟件的抱怨“Complexclinicalinformationsystemsmakesimpletasksdifficulttocarryout（復雜的臨床信息系統(tǒng)使得簡單的任務難以執(zhí)行）”，說明這個軟件其實使得臨床信息系統(tǒng)更加復雜了，因此B選項正確。

第3題:最后一句說到“Thesenotesareoftenexcessivelylongandlackingmeaning（計算機生成的臨床記錄一般都很長而且毫無意義）”，因此C選項符合文意。

5.單選題

Thecommitteeis（

）adecisionfromtheheadquartersbeforeittakesanyaction.

問題1選項

A.waiting

B.awaitingfor

C.awaiting

D.anticipating

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞和動詞詞組辨析。wait“等候”；awaitfor這個詞組不常見；await“等候”；anticipate“預期；期望”。句意：采取任何行動之前，委員會正在等待總部的一個決定。wait后面要接一個介詞for再加等待的對象；await可以直接接賓語。選項C符合題意。

6.單選題

Afriendshipmaybe（）,casual,situationalordeepandlasting.

問題1選項

A.identical

B.superficial

C.critical

D.original

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。identical同一的，完全相同的；superficial表面的，膚淺的；critical批判的，愛挑剔的；original原始的，最初的。句意：友誼可以是、隨意的、情境性的，也可以是深刻而持久的。根據(jù)句意可知填空處的詞應與deep和lasting意義相反，且與casual和situational意義相似，選項B符合語境。

7.單選題

Themostinterestingnewcarsmayowe()thesimplewisdomofhiringafewtalentedpeopleandallowingthemtowork.

問題1選項

A.lesslocalfree-spiritednessthan

B.lesslocalfree-spiritednessthanto

C.tolesslocalfree-spiritednessthanto

D.lesstolocalfree-spiritednessthanto

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。oweto“歸功于”是固定搭配，與比較級less…than連用，應為owelessto…thanto…。句意：最有趣的新車與其說得益于當?shù)氐淖杂删?，還不如說是得益于一種簡單的智慧，即雇傭幾個能人，并讓他們?yōu)橹ぷ?。因此D選項符合題意。

8.單選題

Herspeechwas（

）andcausedalotofangrycomment.

問題1選項

A.prospective

B.prone

C.provocative

D.promising

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項prospective“未來的，預期的”；B選項prone“有…傾向的”；C選項provocative“刺激的，挑撥的，氣人的”；D選項promising“有希望的”。句意：她的演講很氣人，引起了許多憤怒的評論。選項C符合句意。

9.單選題

Sincethefirstbrainscannerwasconstructedseveralyearsago,computedtomographyorcomputedmedicalimagery,hasbecomefairlywidelyused,itsrapidacceptanceisduetothefactthatithasovercomeseveralofthedrawbacksofconventionalX-raytechnology.

Tobeginwith,conventionaltwo-dimensionalX-raypicturescannotshowalloftheinformationcontainedinathree-dimensionobject.Thingsatdifferentdepthsaresuperimposed,causingconfusiontotheviewer.Thecomputerisabletoreconstructpicturesofthebody'sinteriorbymeasuringthevaryingintensitiesofX-raybeamspassingthroughsectionsofthebodyfromhundredsofdifferentangles.Suchpicturesarebasedonseriesofthin"slices",

Inaddition,conventionalX-raygenerallydifferentiatesonlybetweenboneandair,asinthechestandlungs.Theycannotdistinguishsofttissuesorvariationsintissues.Theliverandpancreasarenotdiscernibleatall,andcertainotherorgansmayonlyberenderedvisiblethroughtheuseofradiopaquedye.Sincecomputedtomographyismuchmoresensitive,thesofttissuesofthekidneysorthelivercanbeseenandclearlydifferentiated.ThistechniquecanalsoaccuratelymeasuredifferentdegreesofX-rayabsorption,facilitatingthestudyofthenatureoftissue.

AthirdproblemwithconventionalX-raymethodsistheirinabilitytomeasurequantitativelytheseparatedensitiesoftheindividualsubstancesthroughwhichtheX-rayhaspassed.Onlythemeanabsorptionofallthetissuesisrecorded.Thisisnotaproblemwithcomputedtomography.Itcanaccuratelylocateatumorandsubsequentlymonitortheprogressofradiationtreatment,sothatinadditiontoitsdiagnosticcapabilities,itcanplayasignificantroleintherapy.

1.ConventionalX-raysmainlyshowthedifferencebetween（

）.

2.Whatkindofviewismadepossiblebycontiguouscrosssectionsofthebody?

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat，comparedtoconventionalX-raytechniques,computedtomographyismore

（

）.

4.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardthisnewtechnique?

5.Accordingtothepassage,computedtomographycanbeusedforallofthefollowingEXCEPT（

）.

問題1選項

A.boneandair

B.liverandpancreas

C.muscleandotherbodytissues

D.heartandlungs

問題2選項

A.Two-dimensional

B.Three-dimensional

C.Animated

D.Intensified

問題3選項

A.compact

B.rapid

C.economical

D.informative

問題4選項

A.Cautious

B.Tolerant

C.Enthusiastic

D.Critical

問題5選項

A.monitoringapatient'sdisease

B.diagnosingdisorders

C.locatingtumors

D.reconstructingdamagedtissues

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。第三段指出:Inaddition，conventionalX-raygenerallydifferentiatesonlybetweenboneandair,asinthechestandlungs(另外，傳統(tǒng)X光射線通常只能在骨頭和空隙之間做出區(qū)分，比如胸腔和肺),由此可知A項“骨頭和空隙”。

2.判斷推理題。題干問的是:身體相鄰交叉部位可能成什么樣的像？第二段指出:Tobeginwith,conventionaltwo-dimensionalX-raypicturescannotshowalloftheinformationcontainedinathree-dimensionobject.Thingsatdifferentdepthsaresuperimposed,causingconfusiontotheviewer(首先，傳統(tǒng)的二維X光射線成像不能顯示包含在三維物體里的所有信息。因為不同層面不同深度的影響是疊加的，這會使觀察者困惑),因此B項“三維的”正確。

3.判斷推理題。題干問的是:和傳統(tǒng)X光射線相比,計算機斷層掃描更加…。第二段指出:Tobeginwith,conventionaltwo-dimensionalX-raypicturescannotshowalloftheinformationcontainedinathree-dimensionobject.Thingsatdifferentdepthsaresuperimposed,causingconfusiontotheviewer(首先，傳統(tǒng)的二維X光射線成像不能顯示包含在三維物體里的所有信息。因為不同層面不同深度的影響是疊加的，這會使觀察者困惑),Thecomputerisabletoreconstructpicturesofthebody'sinteriorbymeasuringthevaryingintensitiesofX-raybeamspassingthroughsectionsofthebodyfromhundredsofdifferentangles(計算機斷層掃描可以通過測量從數(shù)百個不同角度穿過身體截面的X線的強度變化來重新構建身體內(nèi)部的圖像)。由此可知D項“能提供更多信息”正確。

4.觀點態(tài)度題。文章通篇在講計算機斷層掃描相比傳統(tǒng)X光射線的優(yōu)點。最后一句話指出:Itcanaccuratelylocateatumorandsubsequentlymonitortheprogressofradiationtreatment,sothatinadditiontoitsdiagnosticcapabilities,itcanplayasignificantroleintherapy(它（即計算機斷層掃描）可以精確定位腫瘤位置來監(jiān)控放射治療的進程，所以，除有診斷能力外，它在治療中能起到重要作用)。由此可知作者對于斷層掃描的態(tài)度是肯定的。故選C。

5.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞computedtomography定位至最后一段:Itcanaccuratelylocateatumorandsubsequentlymonitortheprogressofradiationtreatment,sothatinadditiontoitsdiagnosticcapabilities,itcanplayasignificantroleintherapy(它（即計算機斷層掃描）可以精確定位腫瘤位置來監(jiān)控放射治療的進程，所以，除有診斷能力外，它在治療中能起到重要作用)。因此A項“監(jiān)控患者的疾病”,B項“診斷疾病”和C項“定位腫瘤位置”都正確。故選D。

10.單選題

Youmusthavewaitedhereforalongtime,（）you?

問題1選項

A.mustn't

B.didn't

C.haven’t

D.hadn't

【答案】C

【解析】句意:你一定在這里等了很長時間了，對嗎？

語法題。考查反義疑問句。句中的反意疑問句是對havewaited進行反問，因陳述句部分中有foralongtime,即完成時態(tài)，故反意疑問句部分要用“haven’t/hasn’t+主語”。

11.單選題

AsGilbertWhite,Darwin,andothersobservedlongago,allspeciesappeartohavetheinnatecapacitytoincreasetheirnumbersfromgenerationtogeneration.Thetaskforecologistsistountangletheenvironmentalandbiologicalfactorsthatholdthisintrinsiccapacityforpopulationgrowthincheckdifferentpopulationsmakesthisoverthelongrun.Thegreatvarietyofdynamicbehaviorsexhibitedbydifferentpopulationsmakesthistaskmoredifficult:somepopulationsremainroughlyconstantfromyeartoyear;otherexhibitregularcyclesofabundanceandscarcity;stillothersvarywildly,withoutbreaksandcrashesthatareinsomecasesplainlycorrelatedwiththeweather,andinothercasesnot.

Toimposesomeorderonthiskaleidoscopeofpatterns,oneschoolofthoughtproposesdividingpopulationsintotwogroups.Theseecologistspositthattherelativelysteadypopulationshave“density-dependent”growthparameters;thatis,ratesofbirth,death,andmigrationwhichdependstronglyonpopulationdensity.Thehighlyvaryingpopulationshave“density-independent”growthparameters,withvital,ratesbuffetedbyenvironmentalevents;theseratesfluctuateinawaythatiswhollyindependentofpopulationdensity.

Thisdichotomyhasitsuses,butitcancauseproblemsiftakentooliterally.Foronethingnopopulationcanbedrivenentirelybydensity-independentfactorsallthetime.Nomatterhowseverelyorunpredictablybirth,deathandmigrationratesmaybefluctuatingaroundtheirlong-termaverages,iftherewerenodensity-dependenteffects,thepopulationwould,inthelongrun,eitherincreaseordecreasewithoutbound(barringamiraclebywhichgainsandlossescanceledexactly).Putanotherway,itmaybethatonaverage99percentofalldeathsinapopulationarisefromdensity-independentcauses,andonlyonepercentfromfactorsvaryingwithdensity.Thefactorsmakinguptheonepercentmayseemunimportant,andtheircausemaybecorrespondinglyhardtodetermine.Yet,whetherrecognizedornot,theywillusuallydeterminethelong-termaveragepopulationdensity.

Inordertounderstandthenatureoftheecologist’sinvestigation,wemaythinkofthedensity-dependenteffectsongrowthparametersasthe“signal”ecologistsaretryingtoisolateandinterpret,onethattendstomakethepopulationincreasefromrelativelylowvaluesordecreasefromrelativelyhighones,whilethedensity-independenteffectsacttoproduce“noise”inthepopulationdynamics.Forpopulationsthatremainrelativelyconstant,orthatoscillatearoundrepeatedcycles,thesignalcanbefairlyeasilycharacterizedanditseffectsdescribed,eventhoughthecausativebiologicalmechanismmayremainunknown.Forirregularlyfluctuatingpopulations,wearelikelytohavetoofewobservationstohaveanyhopeofextractingthesignalfromtheoverwhelmingnoise.Butitnowseemsclearthatallpopulationsareregulatedbyamixtureofdensity-dependentanddensity-independenteffectsinvaryingproportions.

58.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith______.

59.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorconsidersthedichotomydiscussedinparagraph2tobe______.

60.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

61.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingbehaviorshavebeenexhibitedbydifferentpopulationsexcept______.

問題1選項

A.discussingtwocategoriesoffactorsthatcontrolpopulationgrowthandassessingtheirrelativeimportance

B.describinghowgrowthratesinnaturalpopulationsfluctuateovertimeandexplainingwhythesechangesoccur

C.proposingahypothesisconcerningpopulationsizesandsuggestingwaystotestit

D.posingafundamentalquestionaboutenvironmentalfactorsinpopulationgrowthandpresentingsomecurrentlyacceptedanswers

問題2選項

A.applicableonlytoerraticallyfluctuatingpopulations

B.useful,butonlyifitslimitationsarerecognized

C.dangerouslymisleadinginmostcircumstances

D.acompleteandsufficientwaytoaccountforobservedphenomena

問題3選項

A.Forirregularlyfluctuatingpopulations,doublingthenumberofobservationsmadewillprobablyresultintheisolationofdensity-dependenteffects.

B.Density-dependenteffectsonpopulationdynamicsdonotoccurasfrequentlyasdodensity-independenteffects.

C.Atpresent,ecologistsdonotunderstandanyoftheunderlyingcausesofthedensity-dependenteffectstheyobserveinpopulationdynamics.

D.Itissometimespossibletoinfertheexistenceofadensity-dependentfactorcontrollingpopulationgrowthwithoutunderstandingitscausativemechanism.

問題4選項

A.roughlyconstantpopulationlevelsfromyeartoyear

B.regularcyclesofincreasesanddecreasesinnumbers

C.erraticincreasesinnumberscorrelatedwiththeweather

D.increasefromrelativelyhighvalues

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

【解析】58.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】中心主旨題。題干意思是“在這篇文章中，作者主要關注……”。文章首先提出物種增長的現(xiàn)象，隨即提出二分法并對其進行討論，最后對這個二分法進行評估，因此在這篇文章中，作者主要關注的是討論控制人口增長的兩類因素以及他們的重要性，所以A項“討論控制人口增長的兩類因素，并評估它們的相對重要性”符合題意。B項“描述自然種群的增長率如何隨時間波動，并解釋這些變化發(fā)生的原因”、C項“提出關于人口規(guī)模的假設，并提出檢驗它的方法”和D項“提出一個關于人口增長中環(huán)境因素的基本問題，并提出一些目前公認的答案”都是文章中的一部分，不夠全面。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

59.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“從文章中可以推斷出，作者認為第2段討論的二分法是……”。第二段提到二分法，即therelativelysteadypopulationshave“density-dependent”growthparameters（相對穩(wěn)定的種群具有“密度依賴”的生長參數(shù)），并解釋了“密度依賴”和“密度獨立”，接著第三段闡述了二分法的局限性，倒數(shù)第二句和第三句提到Putanotherway,itmaybethatonaverage99percentofalldeathsinapopulationarisefromdensity-independentcauses,andonlyonepercentfromfactorsvaryingwithdensity.Thefactorsmakinguptheonepercentmayseemunimportant,andtheircausemaybecorrespondinglyhardtodetermine.（換句話說，一個種群中99%的死亡可能是由密度獨立的原因造成的，只有1%是由隨密度變化的因素造成的。構成這百分之一的因素可能看起來不重要，它們的原因可能相應地很難確定。），最后第三段總結(jié)所有的種群都受到不同比例的密度依賴和密度獨立的交叉影響，所以可以推斷，作者認為第二段中討論的二分法有局限性，但是仍然是有用的，所以B項“有用的，但只有當它的局限性被承認的時候”符合題意，也可知D項“一個完整和充分的方法來解釋觀察到的現(xiàn)象”錯誤。A項“只適用于不穩(wěn)定的人口”和C項“在大多數(shù)情況下是危險的誤導”沒提到。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

60.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“下面哪個陳述可以從最后一段推斷出來？”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章最后一段，由倒數(shù)第三句Forpopulationsthatremainrelativelyconstant,orthatoscillatearoundrepeatedcycles,thesignalcanbefairlyeasilycharacterizedanditseffectsdescribed,eventhoughthecausativebiologicalmechanismmayremainunknown.（對于那些保持相對恒定的種群，或者那些在重復周期中振蕩的種群，即使引起生物學機制的原因可能仍然未知，也可以相當容易地描述信號的特征和它的影響。）可知，即使在不了解機制原因的情況下，信號的特征和它的影響也很容易描述，而這個信號就是密度依賴對生長參數(shù)的影響，所以D項“在不了解其成因機制的情況下，有時可能推斷出控制人口增長的密度依賴因素的存在”正確。倒數(shù)第二句提到Forirregularlyfluctuatingpopulations,wearelikelytohavetoofewobservationstohaveanyhopeofextractingthesignalfromtheoverwhelmingnoise.（對于不規(guī)則波動的種群，我們可能由于觀測結(jié)果太少而難以從大量噪聲中提取信號。）可知，對于不規(guī)則波動的種群，因為觀測結(jié)果太少所以沒有辦法提取信號，文中沒有提到這個結(jié)果和觀測次數(shù)有直接關系，A項“對于不規(guī)則波動的種群，將觀測次數(shù)翻倍可能會導致密度依賴效應的隔離”不正確。B項“密度依賴效應對種群動態(tài)的影響不像密度獨立效應那樣頻繁發(fā)生”和C項“目前，生態(tài)學家們還不了解他們在種群動態(tài)中觀察到的密度依賴效應的任何潛在原因”在最后一段中沒有相關信息能夠推理。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

61.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章，除了……以外，以下所有行為都在不同的人群中表現(xiàn)出來了”。文章第一段指出somepopulationsremainroughlyconstantfromyeartoyear;otherexhibitregularcyclesofabundanceandscarcity;stillothersvarywildly,withoutbreaksandcrashesthatareinsomecasesplainlycorrelatedwiththeweather,andinothercasesnot.（一些種群年復一年保持大致不變；其他表現(xiàn)出豐富和匱乏的規(guī)律周期；其他的情況差別很大，疾病的爆發(fā)和交通事故在某些情況下與天氣明顯相關，而在另一些情況下則不是。），由此可知，對于不同的種群，數(shù)量的變化不是一直不變的，或者是有增加或減少的規(guī)律，而且有些種群會受到天氣相關因素的影響，而有些則不會，所以A項“每年大致不變的人口水平”、B項“在數(shù)量上增加和減少的規(guī)律循環(huán)”和C項“與天氣相關的不規(guī)則增長”均排除。在第一段第一句提到allspeciesappeartohavetheinnatecapacitytoincreasetheirnumbersfromgenerationtogeneration.（所有的物種似乎都有一種與生俱來的能力，可以一代又一代地增加它們的數(shù)量），可知D項“從相對較高的值增加”是符合題意的。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

12.單選題

EventhoughtheRedCrosshad（）largesumforthereliefofthesufferersofthedisaster,manypeopleperished.

問題1選項

A.alienated

B.alternated

C.allocated

D.ascertained

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。alienate使疏遠，離間；alternate交替，輪流；allocate分配；ascertain確定，查明。能與largesum搭配的只有分配。故C項正確。句意：盡管紅十字會劃撥了一大筆款項來緩解遭受災難的人們，但仍有很多人因這場災難而死亡。

13.單選題

（

）hetriedtounderstandShakespeare’stragedies,hefailedallthesame.

問題1選項

A.Hardas

B.Ashard

C.Hardalthough

D.Thoughhard

【答案】A

【解析】考查as引導的讓步狀語從句。句意：雖然他盡力去理解莎士比亞的悲劇作品，但是卻仍然失敗了。選項A符合題意。

14.單選題

Hewasshockedtodiscoverthatthingsdraggedonwell（

）thetwoweekshehadanticipated.

問題1選項

A.from

B.for

C.away

D.beyond

【答案】D

【解析】句意：他吃驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)，事情拖長得遠超過了他預期的兩個星期。選項D符合語境。

15.單選題

Itisthroughlearningthattheindividual（）manyhabitualwaysofreactingtosituations.

問題1選項

A.retains

B.gains

C.achieves

D.acquires

【答案】D

【解析】句意:只有通過學習，才能獲得許多處理各種情況的常用方法。

考查動詞辨析。retain保留；gain獲得，贏得（尤指想要的或所需的事物）；resort求助，采?。ㄗ詈螅┦侄?；acquire（靠自己的能力、努力或行為）獲得，得到。該處為一個動詞，賓語為“habitualways常用方式”。因此，D項符合句意。

16.單選題

Itisperhaps,noaccidentthatmanyoftheoutstandingfiguresofthepastwereamazinglyversatilemen.Rightupuntilcomparativelyrecenttimes,itwaspossibleforanintelligentpersontoacquainthimselfwithalmosteverybranchofknowledge.Thus,amanofgeniuslikeLeonardodaVinciengagedinmanycareersatonceasamatterofcourse.DaVinciwassobusywithhisnumerousinventionsthathebarelyfoundthetimetocompletehispaintings.HecameveryneartofulfillingtheRenaissanceidealofthe"universalman",themanwhowasproficientateverything.Today,werarely,ifever,hearthatamusicianhasjustinventedanewtypeofsubmarine.

Knowledgehasbecomedividedandsub-dividedintocountless,narrowly-definedcompartments.Thespecialistisrespected;theversatileperson,farfrombeingadmired,ismoreoftenregardedwithsuspicion.Themodemworldisaworldofhighly-skilled"experts"whohavehadtodevotethegreaterpartoftheirlivestoaverylimitedfieldofstudyinordertocompetewiththeirfellows.Butthishasnotbeenachievedwithoutconsiderablecost.Thescientist,whooutsidehisownparticularsubjectislittlemorethanamoron,isamodemphenomenon;asisthemanofletterswhoisbarelyawareofthetremendousstridesthathavebeenmadeintechnology.Similarly,specializationhasindirectlyaffectedquiteordinarypeopleineverywalkoflife.Manyactivitieswhichwereoncepursuedfortheirownsakes,areoftengivenupindespair;theyrequiretechniques,theexpertstellus,whichtakealife-timetomaster.Whylearntoplaythepiano,whenyoucanlistentotheworld'sgreatestpianistsinyourowndrawing-room?

Littlebylittle,wearebecomingmoreandmoreisolatedfromeachother.Itisalmostimpossibletotalktoyourneighborabouthisjob,evenifheisengagedinroughlythesameworkasyouare.TheRoyalSocietyinBritainincludesamongitsmembersonlythemosteminentscientistsinthecountry.Yetitishighlydisturbingtofindthatevenhere,asoneofitsmembersputit,atalectureonly10%ofthememberscanunderstand50%ofwhatisbeingsaid!

1.Thepassageimpliesthat（）.

2.Theword"moron"(Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingisthebestpossibletitleforthepassage?

4.Accordingtothepassage,inordertostandout,ascientistshould（）.

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

問題1選項

A.menofremarkableachievementsinthepastwereaccidentallyversatile

B.nogreatmaninthepastwasqualifiedasuniversalexceptdaVinci

C.nowadaysversatilemenaregenerallyhighlyregarded

D.nowadaysitisnearlyimpossibleforamantobeversatile

問題2選項

A.afoolishman

B.ahard-workingman

C.anexpert

D.amiserableman

問題3選項

A.HowtoBecomeaVersatileMan.

B.VersatileMen.

C.HowtoBecomeanIntelligentMan.

D.IntelligentMen.

問題4選項

A.engageinasmanycareersaspossible

B.becomeamemberoftheRoyalSociety

C.confinehimselftoalimitedareaofstudy

D.beawareofthegreatprogressinscienceandtechnology

問題5選項

A.DaVinciwastoobusywithhismanyinventionstofinishhispaintings.

B.Inthemodemworldamancanbecomeversatilewithoutpayingtheprice.

C.Nowadaysamanoflettersscarcelyknowsaboutthechangesintechnology.

D.DuringtheRenaissancemuchemphasiswasplacedonbeinguniversal.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)推理題。第一段的最后一句為本文的主旨句“Today,werarely,ifever,hearthatamusicianhasjustinventedanewtypeofsubmarine.”這句話的潛在意思就是說:現(xiàn)在多才多藝的人越來越少。選項D符合原文。

2.語義題。原文中的分號,以及as說明,前后是同類事物的比較。根據(jù)下文的whoisbarelyawareof可知，moron表示的是"什么都不知道的人",所以選項A正確。原文句意：有些科學家在他自己的研究領域之外和白癡一樣。

3.全文主旨題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要是講多才多藝的人，作者只是提出自己的看法，并沒有說如何成為一個多才多藝的人，所以選項B正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段第三句“..."experts"whohavehadtodevotethegreaterpartoftheirlivestoaverylimitedfieldofstudyinordertocompetewiththeirfellows.”科學們不得不把大部分的生命投入到一個非常有限的研究領域，以便與他們的同行競爭。選項C符合原文。

5.細節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第四句“Butthishasnotbeenachievedwithoutconsiderablecost.”這里采用雙重否定強調(diào)這一目標的實現(xiàn)需要付出相當大的代價。所以選項B與原文不符。

17.單選題

Investigatorsbelievethefirewascausedby（）electricalwiring.Theysaidthebuilding’swiringhadnotbeendonebyaprofessionalelectrician.

問題1選項

A.sober

B.faulty

C.prompt

D.fussy

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項sober“清醒的”；B選項faulty“錯誤的”；C選項prompt“敏捷的”；D選項fussy“愛挑剔的”。句意：調(diào)查人員認為火災是由錯誤的電線引起的。他們說，大樓的布線不是由專業(yè)電工完成的。本句表示錯誤的電線布線。因此B選項正確。

18.單選題

Whenapersondies,hisdebtsmustbepaidbeforehis（）canbedistributed.

問題1選項

A.paradoxes

B.legacies

C.platitudes

D.analogies

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項“似是而非的論點，自相矛盾的話”；B選項“遺產(chǎn)”；C選項“陳詞濫調(diào)”；D選項“類似，類推”，句意：當一個人死后，他的債務必須在（）分配之前弄清。這句要表示的是“要把遺產(chǎn)分配清楚”，因此B選項符合題意。

19.單選題

Tescoispreparingalegalbattletoclearitsnameofinvolvementinthedairyprice-fixingscandalthathascostconsumers￡270million.Failuretoprovethatithadnopartincollusionwithothersupermarketsanddairyprocessorsmaylanditwithafineofatleast￡80million.TheOfficeofFairTrading(OFT)saidyesterdaythatAsda,Sainsbury’sandtheformerSafeway,plusthedairycompaniesWiseman,DairyCrestandCheeseCompany,hadadmittedbeinginacarteltofixpricesformilk,butterandcheese.Theywerefinedatotalofjustover￡116millionaspartofaleniencydealofferedbythewatchdogtocompaniesthatownedupquicklytoanti-competitivebehavior.

OfficialsattheOFTadmittedprivatelythattheydidnotthinktheywouldeverdiscoverwhichcompanyorindividualhadinitiatedthepricingformulA.Butthewatchdogrecognizesthatatthetimesupermarketswereunderpressurefrompoliticiansandfarmerstoraisethecostofmilktosavedairyfarming,thoughitisnotcertainthatmoneyfounditswaytofarmers.TheOFTclaimedinSeptemberthatithadfoundevidencethattheretailchainshadpassedfuturemilkpricestodairycompanies,whichthenreachedafixedpriceamongthemselves.

Theaveragecosttoeachhouseholdisthoughttobe￡11.25over2002and2003.Priceswentupanextra3ponapintofmilk,15ponaquarterofapoundofbutterand15ponahalf-poundofcheese.Thereisnodirectrecompenseforconsumers,however,andthemoneywillgototheTreasury.TheNationalConsumerCouncilgavewarningthattheadmissionswoulddentconsumerconfidenceinleadinghighstreetnamesandthatpeoplewouldbecomeskepticaloftheirclaims.FarmersforAction,thegroupoffarmersthathasledprotestsoverlowmilkpricessince2000,isseekinglegaladviceonwhetheritcannowbringaclaimforcompensation.

TheOFTinvestigationiscontinuing,however,inrelationtoTesco,MorrisonandthedairygroupLactalisMcLelland,andanylegalactionisexpectedtobedelayeduntilthatiscompleted.

Tescowasdefiantandsaidthatitwaspreparingarobustdefenseofitsactions.LucyNeville-Rolfe,itsexecutivedirector,said:“Aswehavealwayssaid,weactedindependentlyandwedidnotcolludewithanyone.Ourpositionisdifferentfromourcompetitorsandwearedefendingourowncasevigorously.Ourphilosophyistogiveagooddealtocustomers.”

MorrisonhassupportedtheOFTininquiriesintotheformerSafewaybusinessthatittookover,butinastatementsaidthatitwasstillmaking“strongrepresentations”initsdefense.AspokeswomanforLactalisMcLellandsaidthatthecompanywas“co-operating”withtheOFT.IndustryinsiderssuggestedthatthethreecompaniesweredeliberatelystallingtheOFTinvestigation,

Sainsbury’sadmittedyesterdaythatithadagreedtopay￡26millioninfines,butdeniedthatithadsoughttoprofiteer.JustinKing,thechiefexecutive,saidhewasdisappointedthatthecompanyhadbeenpenalizedforactionsmeanttohelpfarmersbutrecognizedthebenefitofaspeedysettlement.Asdadeclinedtosayhowmuchitwouldpayinfinesandalsosaidthatitsintentionhadbeentohelpfarmersunderseverefinancialpressure.

1.Fromthefirstparagraph,wemayinferthat______.

2.Whoismostprobablytheinitiatorofthepricingformula?

3.Theword“defiant”inPara.5mostprobablymeans______.

4.WemayinferfromMorrison’sstatementthat______.

5.Thewriter’sattitudetoTescocanbesaidtobe______.

問題1選項

A.Tescoisthemostresoluteamongalltheretailerstodefenditsreputation

B.itisalreadyprovedthatTescohascolludedwithAsda,Wiseman,DairyCrestandCheeseCompanyinfixingthedairyprice

C.Tescoistryingitsbesttoproveitsinnocenceofthescandal

D.Tescoisofferedaleniencydealof￡80millionbecauseofitsquickresponsetotheanti-competitivebehaviors

問題2選項

A.Retailchains

B.Farmers

C.Dairycompanies

D.Politicians

問題3選項

A.confident

B.angry

C.deficient

D.challenging

問題4選項

A.MorrisonturnouttobethemostdefensivewhendealingwithOFT

B.MorrisonisreluctanttosupporttheinquiriesintotheformerSafewaybusiness

C.industryinsiderssuggestthatMorrisonwastryingtodelaytheOFTinvestigationwithnon-cooperation

D.Morrisonindeedrefusestoadmititsinvolvementinthescandal

問題5選項

A.objective

B.biased

C.sympathetic

D.optimistic

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段。A選項“特易購是所有零售商中最堅決捍衛(wèi)自己聲譽的。”推測其他的零售商勾結(jié)，并沒有體現(xiàn)出捍衛(wèi)自身的聲譽，可排除。B選項“事實已經(jīng)證明，特易購與阿斯達、懷斯曼、乳品佳潔士和奶酪公司串通操縱乳品價格?！崩斫忮e誤，特易購要證明自己并沒有與其他零售商勾結(jié)。C選項“特易購正盡力證明自己在丑聞中的清白?！庇深}干定位到第一句“Tescoispreparingalegalbattletoclearitsnameofinvolvementinthedairyprice-fixingscandalthathascostconsumers￡270million”中文翻譯：特易購正準備打一場法律戰(zhàn)，以澄清自己卷入這起導致消費者損失2.7億英鎊的奶制品價格操縱丑聞的名聲。符合題意，因此C選項正確。D選項“由于特易購對反競爭行為的快速反應，特易購獲得了8000萬英鎊的寬大處理?！崩斫忮e誤，如果Tesco不能證明自己的清白，將面臨8000萬英鎊的罰款。D選項可排除。綜上所述，C選項正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干，A選項“Retailchains”（零售連鎖店），文中所說的零售商只是將奶制品的價格提供給公司，不符合題意，可排除。B選項“Famers”（農(nóng)民），文中所說的不確定農(nóng)民是否得到了錢。C選項“Dair