考研考博-英語-吉首大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-吉首大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

One’sattitudetowardsjobhuntingwouldbe（）tohisprospects.

問題1選項

A.critical

B.critic

C.crucial

D.criticized

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項critical“批評的，愛挑剔的；危險的；決定性的”；B選項critic“批評家，評論家；愛挑剔的人”；C選項crucial“重要的；決定性的；定局的；決斷的”；D選項criticize“批評；評論；非難”。句意：一個人對找工作的態(tài)度對他的發(fā)展前景是重要的。故C正確。

2.單選題

Hardlyhehadenteredtheofficewhenherealizedthathehadforgottenhiswallet.

A

B

C

D

問題1選項

A.Hardlyhehad

B.theoffice

C.that

D.hadforgotten

【答案】A

【解析】考查部分倒裝。當(dāng)含有否定意義的副詞位于句首時，其后要采用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，即將助動詞或情態(tài)動詞移至主語之前。

試題答案：A;hardlyhadhe

3.單選題

Newtechnologylinkstheworldasneverbefore.Ourplanethasshrunk.It'snowa"globalvillage"wherecountriesareonlysecondsawaybyfaxorphoneorsatellitelink.And,ofcourse,ourabilitytobenefitfromthishigh-techcommunicationsequipmentisgreatlyenhancedbyforeignlanguageskills

Deeplyinvolvedwiththisnewtechnologyisabreedofmodernbusinesspeoplewhohaveagrowingrespectfortheeconomicvalueofdoingbusinessabroad.Inmodernmarkets,successoverseasoftenhelpsupportdomesticbusinessefforts.

Overseasassignmentsarebecomingincreasinglyimportanttoadvancementwithinexecutiveranks.Theexecutivestationedinanothercountrynolongerneedfearbeing"outofsightandoutofmind."Heorshecanbesurethattheoverseaseffortiscentraltothecompany'splanforsuccess,andthatpromotionsoftenfolloworaccompanyanassignmentabroad.Ifanemployeecansucceedinadifficultassignmentoverseas,superiorswillhavegreaterconfidenceinhisorherabilitytocopebackintheUnitedSateswherecross-culturalconsiderationsandforeignlanguageissuesarebecomingmoreandmoreprevalent.

Thankstoavarietyofrelativelyinexpensivecommunicationsdeviceswithbusinessapplications,evensmallbusinessesintheUnitedStatesareabletogetintointernationalmarkets.

Englishisstilltheinternationallanguageofbusiness.Butthereisanever-growingneedforpeoplewhocanspeakanotherlanguage.Asecondlanguageisn'tgenerallyrequiredtogetajobinbusiness,buthavinglanguageskillsgivesacandidatetheedgewhenotherqualificationsappeartobeequal.

Theemployeepostedabroadwhospeaksthecountry'sprincipallanguagehasanopportunitytofast-forwardcertainnegotiations,andcanhavetheculturalinsighttoknowwhenitisbettertomovemoreslowly.Theemployeeatthehomeofficewhocancommunicatewellwithforeignclientsoverthetelephoneorbyfaxmachineisanobviousassettothefirm.

1.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardhightechcommunicationsequipment?

2.Withtheincreaseduseofhigh-techcommunicationsequipment,businesspeople（）.

3.Inthispassage,"outofsightandoutofmind"(Lines2-3,Para.3)probablymeans（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whatisanimportantconsiderationofinternationalcorporationsinemployingpeopletoday?

5.Theadvantageofemployeeshavingforeignlanguageskillsisthattheycan（）.

問題1選項

A.Critical

B.Indifferent

C.Prejudiced

D.Positive

問題2選項

A.havetogetfamiliarwithmoderntechnology

B.aregainingmoreeconomicbenefitsfromdomesticoperations

C.areattachingmoreimportancetotheiroverseasbusiness

D.areeagertoworkoverseas

問題3選項

A.beingunabletothinkproperlyforlackofinsight

B.beingtotallyoutoftouchwithbusinessathome

C.missingopportunitiesforpromotionwhenabroad

D.leavingallcareandworthybehind

問題4選項

A.Connectionswithbusinessoverseas

B.Abilitytospeaktheclient'slanguage.

C.Technicalknowledge

D.Businessexperience

問題5選項

A.bettercontrolthewholenegotiationprocess

B.easilyfindnewapproachestomeetmarketneeds

C.fast-forwardtheirproposalstoheadquarters

D.easilymakefriendswithbusinesspeopleabroad

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.事實細節(jié)題。A項“批評的”，B項“漠視的，中立的”，C項“有偏見的”，D項“積極肯定的”。文章第一段提到“...ourabilitytobenefitfromthishigh-techcommunicationsequipmentisgreatlyenhancedbyforeignlanguageskills我們從這種高科技通信設(shè)備中獲益的能力因外語技能而大大提高”可知D項符合題意，故選D。

2.事實細節(jié)題。A項“必須熟悉現(xiàn)代技術(shù)”，B項“從國內(nèi)業(yè)務(wù)中獲得更多的經(jīng)濟效益”，C項“更重視他們的海外業(yè)務(wù)”，D項“渴望去海外工作”。文章第二段提到“Deeplyinvolvedwiththisnewtechnologyisabreedofmodernbusinesspeoplewhohaveagrowingrespectfortheeconomicvalueofdoingbusinessabroad.深入?yún)⑴c這項新技術(shù)的是一群現(xiàn)代商人，他們越來越重視跨國商業(yè)的經(jīng)濟價值”可知C項正確。

3.詞匯題。A項“因為缺乏洞察力而無法正確思考”；B項“與國內(nèi)業(yè)務(wù)完全脫節(jié)”；C項“在國外失去晉升的機會”，D項“完全置之度外”。文章第三段提到“Heorshecanbesurethattheoverseaseffortiscentraltothecompany'splanforsuccess,andthatpromotionsoftenfolloworaccompanyanassignmentabroad.他或她可以確定，海外業(yè)務(wù)是公司成功計劃的核心，外派往往意味著升職”是對"outofsightandoutofmind."的補充說明，選項C最符合題意，故選C。

4.判斷推理題。A項“與海外商業(yè)的聯(lián)系”，B項“能說駐國語”，C項“技術(shù)知識”，D項“商業(yè)經(jīng)驗”。最后一段提到“Theemployeepostedabroadwhospeaksthecountry'sprincipallanguagehasanopportunitytofast-forwardcertainnegotiations,andcanhavetheculturalinsighttoknowwhenitisbettertomovemoreslowly.外派員工能說駐國語，有機會快速推進某些談判，并能有文化洞察力，知道何時更好地較慢行動”可知B項是“當(dāng)今國際公司在用人方面的一個重要考慮”，故選B。

5.事實細節(jié)題。A項“更好地控制整個談判過程”，B項“很容易找到新的方法來滿足市場需求”，C項“迅速向總部反饋他們的建議”，D項“容易與海外商人交朋友”。文章最后一段提到“Theemployeepostedabroadwhospeaksthecountry'sprincipallanguagehasanopportunitytofast-forwardcertainnegotiations,andcanhavetheculturalinsighttoknowwhenitisbettertomovemoreslowly.外派員工能說駐國語，有機會快速推進某些談判，并能有文化洞察力，知道何時更好地較慢行動”，可知A項“更好地控制整個談判的進程”正確。BCD三項在文中均未提及。

4.單選題

Whenthejurybroughtina（）ofguilt,thedefendantwhowasoverwhelminglyarrogantseveralminutesagodroopedhishead.

問題1選項

A.judgment

B.appraisal

C.verdict

D.conviction

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:judgment“判斷”；B:appraisal“評價”；C:verdict“結(jié)論，裁定”；D:conviction“頂嘴，證明有罪”。句意：陪審團拿著判罪裁決書進來時，幾分鐘之前還相當(dāng)自大的被告低下了他的頭。結(jié)合句意，選C。

5.單選題

MarkpursuedElizabethwithgentlemanners,butwasstillrepelled.

問題1選項

A.heldup

B.heldoff

C.heldto

D.heldin

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。repel表示“抵制”；A項holdup“舉起，阻攔”，B項holdoff“拖延，不接近”，C項holdto“堅持，緊握”，D項holdin“抑制，約束”。句意：盡管馬克用溫和的口吻極力勸說伊麗莎白，但仍然被拒絕了。根據(jù)句意該題選A。

6.單選題

Thefinalrecommendationwasthattheemployeeonprobation（

）aspecialnightclassforonesemester.

問題1選項

A.attend

B.hasattended

C.attends

D.attended

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。表示“建議、要求、命令”等意思的詞相關(guān)的從句謂語部分要用should+動詞原形，should可以省略，因此選A。

句意：最終的建議是試用期雇員一個學(xué)期參見一次特殊夜校學(xué)習(xí)。

7.單選題

Alandfreefromdestruction,pluswealth,naturalresources-andlaborsupply-allthesewereimportant（1）inhelpingEnglandtobecomethecenterfortheIndustrialRevolution.Buttheywerenotenough.Something

（2）

wasneededtostarttheindustrialprocess.That"somethingspecial"wasmen

（3）

individualswhocouldinventmachines,findnewsourcesofpower,andestablishbusinessorganizationstoreshapesociety.

Themenwho

（4）

themachinesoftheIndustrial-Revolutioncamefrommanybackgroundsandmanyoccupations.Manyofthemwere

（5）

inventorsthanscientist.Amanwhoisa

（6）

scientistisprimarilyinterestedindoinghisresearchaccurately.Heisnotnecessarilyworkingsothathisfindingscanbeused.

Aninventororoneinterestedinappliedscienceis

（7）

tryingtomakesomethingthathasaconcreteuse.Hemaytrytosolveaproblembyusingthetheoriesofscienceorbyexperimentingthroughtrialanderror.Regardlessofhismethod,heisworkingtoobtaina

（8）

result:theconstructionofaharvestingmachine,theburningofalightbulb,oroneofmanyotherobjectives.

Mostofthepeoplewho

（9）

themachinesoftheIndustrialRevolutionwereinventors,nottrainedscientists.Afewwerebothscientistsandinventors.Eventhosewhohadlittleornotraininginsciencemightnothavemadetheirinventions

（10）

agroundworkhadnotbeenlaidbyscientistsyearsbefore.

問題1選項

A.reasons

B.factors

C.situations

D.cases

問題2選項

A.similar

B.else

C.near

D.extra

問題3選項

A.generating

B.effective

C.motivating

D.creative

問題4選項

A.employed

B.created

C.operated

D.controlled

問題5選項

A.less

B.better

C.more

D.worse

問題6選項

A.genuine

B.practical

C.pure

D.clever

問題7選項

A.seldom

B.usually

C.sometimes

D.never

問題8選項

A.single

B.specialized

C.specific

D.sole

問題9選項

A.proposed

B.developed

C.supplied

D.offered

問題10選項

A.because

B.while

C.if

D.as

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

第6題:C

第7題:B

第8題:C

第9題:B

第10題:C

【解析】第1題:考查固定搭配。reason和factor放在這里都符合邏輯，由空格后面的介詞in，可知應(yīng)選factor。reason一般接for或者why引導(dǎo)的從句。故答案B

第2題:考查形容詞辨析。此句句意為還需要一些其他的東西，somethingelse其他的東西，答案B

第3題:考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)空后的“inventmachines…”可知此空應(yīng)填“具有創(chuàng)造力的”，generating產(chǎn)生的；effective有效的；motivating激發(fā)的；creative創(chuàng)造性的。

第4題:考查動詞辨析。句意：在工業(yè)革命中發(fā)明這些機器的人。故答案B

第5題:考查固定搭配。句意：發(fā)明機器的人大部分是發(fā)明家，而不是科學(xué)家。more…than…是…而不是…答案C

第6題:考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)“primarilyinterestedindoinghisresearchaccurately.Heisnotnecessarilyworkingsothathisfindingscanbeused.主要對自己的研究感興趣。他不一定是為了利用他的研究成果而工作?！笨赏浦@種科學(xué)家是純粹的科學(xué)家。genuine真正的，真實的；practical實際的；pure純粹的；clever聰明的。答案C

第7題:考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)下文意思可知，usually符合句意。答案B

第8題:考查形容詞辨析。句意：“不管什么方法，他工作目的是獲得特定的某種結(jié)果。”由空格后的舉例可知他是為了獲得某種特定的結(jié)果而工作。答案C

第9題:考查動詞辨析。句意：工業(yè)革命時發(fā)明了這些機器的人大都是發(fā)明家而非科學(xué)家。答案B

第10題:考查連詞辨析。句意：即使是那些沒有受過科學(xué)專業(yè)訓(xùn)練的人，如果沒有之前科學(xué)家們做出的基礎(chǔ)工作，他們也不可能發(fā)明這些東西。所以應(yīng)填if。答案C

8.單選題

Onceuponatimetherelivedabeautifulyoungwomanandahandsomeyoungman.Theywereverypoor,butastheyweredeeplyinlove,theywantedtogetmarried.Theyoungpeople'sparentsshooktheirheads.”Youcan'tgetmarriedyet,”theysaid.“Waittillyougetagoodjobwithgoodprospects."Sotheyoungpeoplewaiteduntiltheyfoundgoodjobswithgoodprospectsandtheywereabletogetmarried.Theywerestillpoor,ofcourse.Theydidn'thaveahousetoliveinoranyfurniture,butthatdidn'tmatter.Theyoungmanhadagoodjobwithgoodprospects,solargeorganizationslenthimthemoneyheneededtobuyahouse,somefurniture,ailthelatestelectricalappliancesandacar.Thecouplelivedhappilyeverafterpayingoffdebtsfortherestoftheirlives.Andsoendsanothermodemromanticfable.

Weliveinamaterialisticsocietyandaretrainedformourearliestyearstobeacquisitive.Ourpossessions,"mine"and"yours"areclearlylabeledfromearlychildhood.Whenwegrowoldenoughtoearnaliving,itdoesnotsurpriseustodiscoverthatsuccessismeasuredintermsofmoneyyouearn.WespendthewholeofourliveskeepingupwiththeJoneses.Ifwebuyanewtelevisionset,aJonesisboundtobuyabiggerandbetterone.Ifwebuyanewcar,wecanbesurethatJoneswillgetonebetterandgettwonewcars:oneforhiswifeandoneforhimself.ThemostamusingthingaboutthisgameisthattheJonesesandalltheneighborswhoarestrugglingfranticallytokeepupwiththemarespendingborrowedmoneykindlyprovided,ataSuitablerateofinterest,ofcourse,byfriendlybanks,insurancecompanies,etc.

Itisnotonlyinaffluentsocietiesthatpeopleareobsessedwiththeideaofmakingmoremoney.Consumergoodsaredesirableeverywhereandmodemindustrydeliberatelysets,outtocreatenewmarkets.Gonearethedayswhenindustrialgoodsweremadetolastforever.Thewheelofindustrymustbekeptturning.“Built-inobsolescence”providesthemeans:goodaremadetobediscarded.Carsgettinnierandtinnier.Younosooneracquirethisyear'smodelthanyouarethinkingaboutitsreplacement.

Thismaterialisticoutlookhasseriouslyinfluencededucation.Fewerandfeweryoungpeoplethesedaysacquireknowledgeonlyforitsownsake.Everycourseofstudiesmustleadsomewhere:i.e.toabiggerwagepacket.Thedemandforskilledpersonnelfarexceedsthesupplyandbigcompaniescompetewitheachothertorecruitstudentsbeforetheyhavecompletedtheirstudies.Temptingsalariesand"fringebenefits"areofferedtothem.Recruitingtacticsofthiskindhaveledtothe"braindrain",theprocessbywhichhighlyskilledpeopleoffertheirservicestothehighestbidder.Thewealthiernationsdeprivetheirpoorerneighborsoftheirmostablecitizens.WhileMammonisworshippedasneverbefore,therichgetricherandpoor,poorer.

1.Fromthefirstparagraph,wecaninferthat（）.

2.Theexpression“keepupwiththeJoneses”mightmean（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor（）.

4.What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?

5.Wecaninferthatmorepeoplepastacquiredknowledge（）.

6.“Braindrain”means（）.

7.Wecaninferthatbraindrain（）.

問題1選項

A.goodjobwithgoodprospectscanhaveagoodmarriage

B.thosewhoarepoorcan'tmarried

C.poorinloveisbetterthanrichinlove

D.evenmarriageiscloselyrelatedwithmoney

問題2選項

A.maintainahighstandardofachievement

B.preventsomethingfrommoving

C.trytomaintainthesamesocialandmaterialstandardsasone'sneighbors

D.continuetobeincontactwithsomebody

問題3選項

A.moneyseemsextremelyimportanttoday

B.interestinearningmoneyisnotamodemphenomenon

C.moneyisonethere,loveisanother

D.lovewithoutmoneyisafieldwithoutwater

問題4選項

A.KeepUpwiththeJoneses

B.TheOnlyThingPeopleAreInterestedinTodayIsEarningMoreMoney

C.LoveMe,LoveMyDog

D.MoneyMaketheMareGo

問題5選項

A.eagerly

B.foritsownsake

C.forpracticalpurpose

D.passively

問題6選項

A.brainbecomesempty

B.brainhasproblems

C.aprocessinwhichthehighlyskilledpeoplechangetoworkfortheorganizationswhopaythemhigher

D.aprocessbywhichthecleverpeopleareofferedbetterjobs

問題7選項

A.attractsnoattentionfromallthecountries

B.bringsaboutbadeffectstopoorcountries

C.makesrichercountriespoorbecausetheyhavetopaymoretothem

D.isworshipped

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

第6題:C

第7題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知,本段講述的是兩個很窮的年輕人找到有前途的工作后再結(jié)婚,償清債務(wù)后,過上了幸福的生活。作者意在說明即使是婚姻也與金錢密切相關(guān)。所以選項D正確。

2.根據(jù)下一句的舉例：如果我們買一臺新電視機,瓊斯家的人一定會買一臺更大更好的。如果我們買一輛新車,我們可以肯定瓊斯會得到一輛更好的。由此可以推斷“keepupwiththeJoneses”指的是互相攀比,選項C符合原文。

3.根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Mammonisworshippedasneverbefore...”可知,作者認為現(xiàn)在的金錢對于人們來說似乎極其重要,選項A正確。

4.結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,本文主要講的是物欲橫流的世界中人們以及社會的現(xiàn)狀,人們今天唯一感興趣的是賺更多的錢,選項B最能概括全文,所以正確。

5.根據(jù)最后一段的二三句“Fewerandfeweryoungpeoplethesedaysacquireknowledgeonlyforitsownsake.”現(xiàn)在越來越少的年輕人僅僅為了知識本身而學(xué)習(xí)知識,更多是為了以后能拿高工資。由此可以推斷,過去人們學(xué)習(xí)是為了自己的利益,而不是為了賺錢,所以選項B正確。

6.根據(jù)下文“theprocessbywhichhighlyskilledpeopleoffertheirservicestothehighestbidder.”高技能人才向出價最高者提供服務(wù)的過程。選項C符合原文。

7.根據(jù)最后一段的倒數(shù)第二句“Thewealthiernationsdeprivetheirpoorerneighborsoftheirmostablecitizens.”“人才流失”使得較富裕的國家剝奪了較貧窮的鄰國最有能力的公民。選項B正確。

9.單選題

IwasawfullytiredwhenIgothomefromwork,butahalfhournap（

）me.

問題1選項

A.revived

B.released

C.relieved

D.recovered

【答案】A

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。revive使恢復(fù)體力（或精力、活力等）；release釋放，發(fā)布；relieve緩解，減輕；recover恢復(fù)健康。句意：我下班回家的時候非常累，但睡了半小時后我又有精神了。由but可知前后句為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，前半句提到“非常疲勞”，后半句句意應(yīng)與之相反，再從“ahalfhournap”可推知睡半小時后恢復(fù)了體力。故A項正確。答案A

10.翻譯題

Evenwithouttheseprotections,individualscanacttoprotecttheirownprivacy.Insomecases,marketforcescancreateincentivesforcompaniestoprotectprivacyifconsumersconsistentlycallforsuchprotection.Consumersshouldstudyacompany’sprivacypolicyinitspromotionalliterature.Ifsuchapolicyisweakornonexistent,itisreasonabletoassumethatthecompanyusesanypersonalinformationitcapturesineverywayitlegallycan.

Consumerscanalsoprotecttheirprivacywhenfacedwithwhattheyconsiderexcessiverequestsforinformationbyaskingwhytheinformationispertinentorbyrefusingtoanswerthequestions.Finally,individualscantakeinitiativebyinformingothercitizensaboutspecificprivacyproblems.Manythreatstoprivacyremainunpublicizedsimplybecausetherearetoomanyofthemforexistingprivacyadvocatestotrack.EvensimpleresearchonanunpublicizedprivacyproblemcanhaveanimpactwhensubmittedtoarelevantInternetforum,watchdoggroup,ormediaoutlet.

【答案】即使沒有這些保護措施，個人也可以采取行動保護自己的隱私。有時候，如果消費者一直呼吁隱私保護的話，市場力量可以為公司進行隱私保護而創(chuàng)造動機。消費者應(yīng)該在公司的宣傳推廣資料中研究隱私權(quán)政策。如果這種政策不中用或者不存在的話，那么公司使用任何從合法渠道獲取的個人信息會被認為是合理的。

當(dāng)面對他們所認為的過分的信息要求時，消費者也可以通過詢問信息為什么是相關(guān)的或者拒絕回答問題，以進行隱私保護。最后，個人可以通過告知其他公民關(guān)于具體的隱私問題來采取主動權(quán)。許多對隱私的威脅沒有公開僅僅是因為對于目前的隱私提倡者來說，其中有太多隱私威脅需要追蹤了。當(dāng)提交給相關(guān)網(wǎng)絡(luò)論壇、監(jiān)察組織或者媒體時，甚至有關(guān)未公開的隱私問題的簡單研究都能產(chǎn)生影響。

11.單選題

Cultureisthetotalsumofallthetraditions,customs,beliefs,andwaysoflifeofagivengroupofhumanbeings.Inthissense,everygrouphasaculture,howeversavage,undeveloped,oruncivilizeditmayseemtous.

Totheprofessionalanthropologist,thereisnointrinsicsuperiorityofonecultureoveranother,justastotheprofessionallinguistthereisnointrinsichierarchyamonglanguages.

Peopleoncethoughtofthelanguagesofbackwardgroupsassavage,undevelopedformsofspeech,consistinglargelyofgruntsandgroans.Whileitispossiblethatlanguageingeneralbeganasaseriesofgruntsandgroans,itisafactestablishedbythestudyof“backward”languagesthatnospokentongueanswersthatdescriptiontoday.Mostlanguagesofuncivilizedgroupsare,byourmostseverestandards,extremelycomplex,delicate,andingeniouspiecesofmachineryforthetransferofideas.TheyfallbehindourWesternlanguagesnotintheirsoundpatternsorgrammaticalstructures,whichusuallyfullyadequateforalllanguageneeds,butonlyintheirvocabularies,whichreflectstheobjectsandactivitiesknowntotheirspeakers.Eveninthisdepartment,however,twothingsaretobenoted:1.Alllanguagesseemtopossessthemachineryforvocabularyexpansion,eitherbyputtingtogetherwordsalreadyinexistenceorbyborrowingthemfromotherlanguagesandadaptingthemtotheirownsystem.2.Theobjectsandactivitiesrequiringnamesanddistinctionsin“backward”languages,whiledifferentfromours,areoftensurprisinglynumerousandcomplicated.Anaccidentallanguagedistinguishesmerelybetweentwodegreesofremoteness(“this”and“that”);somelanguagesoftheAmericanIndiansdistinguishbetweenwhatisclosetothespeaker,ortothepersonaddressed,orremovedfromboth,oroutofsight,orinthepast,orinthefuture.

Thisstudyoflanguage,inturn,castsanewlightupontheclaimoftheanthropologiststhatallculturearetobeviewedindependently,andwithoutideasofrankorhierarchy.

1.ThelanguageofuncivilizedgroupsascomparedtoWesternlanguagesarelimitedin（）.

2.Theauthorsaysthatprofessionallinguistsrecognizethat（）.

3.Thearticlestatesthatgrunt-and-groanformsofspeecharefound（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,languages,whethercivilizedornot,have（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisimpliedbutnotarticulatedinthepassage?

問題1選項

A.soundpatterns

B.vocabularies

C.grammaticalstructures

D.bothAandB

問題2選項

A.WesternlanguagesaresuperiortoEasternlanguages

B.Alllanguagescamefromgruntsandgroans

C.Thehierarchyoflanguagesisdifficulttounderstand

D.Thereisnohierarchyoflanguages

問題3選項

A.nowheretoday

B.amongtheAustralianaborigines

C.amongEasterncultures

D.amongpeoplespeaking“backward”languages

問題4選項

A.thepotentialforexpandingvocabulary

B.theirownsoundpatterns

C.anabilitytotransferideas

D.grammaticalstructures

問題5選項

A.Thestudyoflanguageshasdiscreditedanthropologicalstudies.

B.Thestudyoflanguagehasreinforcedanthropologistsintheirviewthatthereisnohierarchyamongcultures.

C.Thestudyoflanguageisthesameasthestudyofanthropologists.

D.Thestudyoflanguagescastsanewlightupontheclaimofanthropologists.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第三段的第四句“TheyfallbehindourWesternlanguagesnotintheirsoundpatternsorgrammaticalstructures,whichusuallyfullyadequateforalllanguageneeds,butonlyintheirvocabularies,whichreflectstheobjectsandactivitiesknowntotheirspeakers.它們（不文明群體的語言）落后于我們的西方語言，通常不是在完全滿足所有語言所需要的聲音模式或語法結(jié)構(gòu)上，而只是在反映說話者所知道的對象和活動的詞匯上?！庇纱丝芍?，與西方語言相比，不文明群體的語言在詞匯方面受到限制，所以選項B正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文第二段的內(nèi)容“對于專業(yè)的人類學(xué)家來說，文化之間沒有本質(zhì)上的優(yōu)越，正如對于專業(yè)的語言學(xué)家來說，語言之間也沒有本質(zhì)上的等級關(guān)系?！庇纱丝芍x項D符合原文。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第三段一、二句的內(nèi)容“人們曾經(jīng)認為落后群體的語言是野蠻的、不發(fā)達的語言形式，主要由咕噥和呻吟組成。雖然語言可能是從一系列的咕噥和呻吟開始的，但對‘落后’語言的研究證實，現(xiàn)在的口語語言都不符合這一描述?！币簿褪钦f，咕噥和呻吟的語言形式現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不存在了，所以選項A正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。第三段提及“Alllanguagesseemtopossessthemachineryforvocabularyexpansion,eitherbyputtingtogetherwordsalreadyinexistenceorbyborrowingthemfromotherlanguagesandadaptingthemtotheirownsystem.所有的語言似乎都有擴充詞匯的機制，它們可以把已經(jīng)存在的詞匯組合在一起，也可以從其他語言中借用詞匯并使其適應(yīng)自己的系統(tǒng)?！庇纱丝芍髡哒J為語言無論文明與否，都有擴大詞匯量的潛力，選項A符合原文。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文最后一段的內(nèi)容“這種對語言的研究，反過來又為人類學(xué)家的主張?zhí)峁┝诵碌木€索，即所有的文化都應(yīng)該被獨立地看待，沒有等級或?qū)蛹壍挠^念?！边x項A和選項C在文中沒有信息體現(xiàn)；D選項是原文明確提出的觀點，不符合題干的意思。B選項“對語言的研究強化了人類學(xué)家的觀點，即文化之間沒有等級之分”與最后一段表達的意思一致，所以正確。

12.單選題

Alltheories（

）frompracticeandinturnservepractice.

問題1選項

A.originate

B.restrain

C.modify

D.reflect

【答案】A

【解析】originatefrom為常用詞組,表示“起源于,來源于”。句意:一切理論都來源于實踐,反過來又為實踐服務(wù)。選項A符合句意。

13.單選題

Scholarsandstudentshavealwaysbeengreattravelers.Theofficialcasefor“academicmobility”isnowoftenstatedinimpressivetermsasafundamentalnecessityforeconomicandsocialprogressintheworld,anddebatedinthecorridorsofEurope,butitiscertainlynothingnew.Seriousstudentswerealwaysreadytogoabroadinsearchofthemoststimulatingteachersandthemostfamousacademies;insearchofthepurestphilosophy,themosteffectivemedicine,thelikeliestroadtogold.

Mobilityofthiskindmeantalsomobilityofideas,theirtransferenceacrossfrontiers,andtheirsimultaneousimpactuponmanygroupsofpeople.Thepointoflearningistoshareit,whethereitherwithstudentsorwithcolleagues;onepresumesthatonlyeccentricshavenointerestinbeingcreditedwithastartlingdiscovery,oranewtechnique.Itmustalsohavebeenreassuringtoknowthatotherpeopleinotherpartsoftheworldwereabouttomakethesamediscoveryorwerethinkingalongthesamelines,andthatonewasnotquitealone,confrontedbyinquisition,ridiculeorneglect.

Inthe20thcentury,andparticularlyinthelast20years,theoldfootpathsofthewanderingscholarshavebecomevasthighways.Thevehiclewhichhasmadethispossiblehasofcoursebeentheairplane,makingcontactbetweenschoolseveninthemostdistantplacesimmediatelyfeasible,andprovidingfortheveryrapidtransmissionofknowledge.

Apartfromthevehicleitself,itisfairlyeasytoidentifythemainfactorswhichhavebroughtabouttherecentexplosioninacademicmovement.Someofthesearepurelyquantitativeandrequirenofurthermention:therearefarmorecentersoflearningandafargreaternumberofscholarsandstudents.Inadditiononemustrecognizetheveryconsiderablemultiplicationofdisciplines,particularlyinthesciences,whichbywideningthetotalareaofadvancedstudieshasproducedanenormousnumberofspecialistswhoseparticularinterestsarepreciselydefined.Thesepeoplewouldworkmsomeisolationiftheywerenotabletokeepintouchwithsimilarisolatedgroupsinothercountries.

1.Accordingtothepassage,scholarsandstudentsaregreattravelersbecause（）.

2.Thewritersaysthattravelwasimportantinthepastbecauseit（）.

3.What,inthewriter’sopinion,happenstoascholarwhoshareshisideaswithhiscolleagues?

4.Accordingtothepassage,therecentgrowthinairtravelhasmeantthat（）.

5.Thewriterthinksthatacademicworkhasrecentlybecomemorespecializedbecause（）.

問題1選項

A.Salariesandconditionsarebetterabroad

B.standardsarehigheratforeignuniversities

C.theyareeagerfornewknowledge

D.theirgovernmentencouragethemtotravel

問題2選項

A.ledtoeconomicprogress

B.wasawayofspreadingideas

C.madenewideaslessshocking

D.brokedownpoliticalbarriers

問題3選項

A.Hegainsrecognitionforhisachievements

B.Heattractslargenumbersofstudents

C.Heriskshisideasbeingstolen

D.Heisconsideredslightlymad

問題4選項

A.morestudentsfromremoteareascanattenduniversity

B.universitiescanbebuiltinremoterplaces】

C.scholarscanmeeteachothermoreeasily

D.textbookshavewidecirculation

問題5選項

A.morepeoplearestudyingsciences

B.agreatervarietyofsubjectsisstudied

C.morestudentsaredoingpostgraduatework

D.thenumberofuniversitieshasincreased

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段最后一句,認真的學(xué)生總是準(zhǔn)備出國尋找最具啟發(fā)性的老師和最著名的學(xué)院;尋找最純粹的哲學(xué),最有效的醫(yī)學(xué),最有可能的黃金之路?？偠灾?他們渴望新知識,所以選項C正確。

2.根據(jù)第二段的第一句“Mobilityofthiskindmeantalsomobilityofideas,theirtransferenceacrossfrontiers,...”這種流動也意味著思想的流動...由此可知作者認為過去的游學(xué)很重要的原因是：游學(xué)是傳播思想的一種方式。選項B符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第二段第二句,學(xué)習(xí)的目的是與學(xué)生或同事分享;有人認為,只有怪人才對一項驚人的發(fā)現(xiàn)或一項新技術(shù)的功勞不感興趣。也就是說,通過分享,分享者的成就獲得了人們的認可。選項A符合原文。

4.根據(jù)第三段最后一句可知,交通工具的發(fā)展使得學(xué)者之間聯(lián)系更為方便,所以選項C符合原文。

5.根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第二句,人們必須認識到學(xué)科的大量增加,特別是在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域,由于擴大了高級研究的總領(lǐng)域,產(chǎn)生了大量的專家,他們的特殊興趣得到了精確的界定。由此可知,學(xué)術(shù)研究越來越專業(yè)是由于學(xué)科的大量增加,選項B符合原文。

14.單選題

Itsoonbecomesclearthattheinteriordesigner'smostimportantbasicconcernisthefunctionoftheparticular（

）.

問題1選項

A.circumstances

B.environment

C.surroundings

D.space

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。circumstance意為“環(huán)境，境遇”，往往指人力無法控制、駕馭的事件和事態(tài)的總和；environment意為“環(huán)境，外界”,指對人的成長、情感、觀念、倫理、道德、品行等產(chǎn)生影響的環(huán)境;surrounding意為“環(huán)境，周圍的事物”，偏重于生活、居住的周圍環(huán)境；space意為“(可利用的)空地，空間”。

句意：很快就清楚了，室內(nèi)設(shè)計師最重要的基本關(guān)注點是某一特定空間的功能。

15.單選題

IthoughtIsawwaterinthedistancebutitmusthavebeenanoptical（）.

問題1選項

A.perception

B.delusion

C.illusion

D.deception

【答案】C

【解析】本題考查了名詞辨析。perception“感知”；delusion“欺騙；錯覺”；illusion“錯覺；幻象”；deception“欺詐”，此句中有一個轉(zhuǎn)折詞but，所以可知前面所說的看到水是一種幻覺，所以可以排除選項A、D；delusion所指的錯覺通常是指心理上的誤解，所以此處應(yīng)該用illusion，故正確答案為選項C。句意為：我以為我看到了遠處有水，但是這肯定是一種光影幻覺。

16.單選題

AlthoughJackandIhadnotmetforover20yearsIrecognizedhim______Isawhim.

問題1選項

A.justas

B.eventhough

C.theminute

D.aslongas

【答案】C

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項justas“正如；正像”；B選項eventhough“雖然，即使”；C選項theminute“一……就，當(dāng)……（即）”；D選項aslongas“只要；如果；既然；長達”。句意：雖然我和杰克已經(jīng)20多年沒見面了，但我一見到他就認出他來了。因此C選項正確。

17.單選題

The（

）physicisthasbeenchallengedbyothersinhisfield.

問題1選項

A.respectable

B.respectful

C.respective

D.respecting

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項respectable“可敬的，值得尊敬的”；B選項respectful“尊敬的，有禮貌的”；C選項respective“各自的，分別的”；D選項respecting“尊敬，尊重”。根據(jù)選項的意思，可知A選項最符合句意。句意：這位受人尊敬的物理學(xué)家在他的領(lǐng)域受到了其他人的挑戰(zhàn)。

18.單選題

Overthepastdecade,manycompanieshadperfectedtheartofcreatingautomaticbehaviors―habits—amongconsumers.Thesehabitshavehelpedcompaniesearnbillionsofdollarswhencustomerseatsnacksorwipecountersalmostwithoutthinking,ofteninresponsetoacarefullydesignedsetofdailycues.

“Therearefundamentalpublichealthproblems,likedirtyhandsinsteadofasoaphabit,thatremainkillersonlybecausewecan’tfigureouthowtochangepeople’shabits,”saidDr.Curtis,thedirectoroftheHygieneCenterattheLondonSchoolofHygiene&TropicalMedicine.“Wewantedtolearnfrompri