考研考博-英語-南昌影視傳播職業(yè)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南昌影視傳播職業(yè)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.填空題

Itdoesn’tmatterwhichroomafamilychoosestogatherin.Itcouldbeafavoritecomerofthekitchen,orawoodpaneledden.Whatdoes（

）isthattheychoosetobetogether.Foritisthesupport,thestrength,thebondsandtraditionsofthefamilythatgiveuswhatweallneedmostinlife.Allthesecanbefoundinagoodhome.Homeisthestagewherethedramaoflifeisplayed,theclassroomwherechildrenlearnright

（

）wrong,andtheplacewhereold-fashionedidealslikecourageandhonesty,respect

（

）

oneselfandothersarepassed

（

）

fromonegenerationtothe

（

）

.

Weareconcerned

（

）

theerosionofthesevaluesthatshouldbetaughtathome.Weseethegrowingproblemsofsociety—brokenhomes,crime,drugs,andjuveniledelinquency—andareshockedbythetraumatheyinflict

（

）

families,especiallychildren.Ourover-burdenedschoolscannolonger

（

）

theseproblemsconfrontingoursociety.Thereisonlyoneplacewherewecanregainthevaluesandintegritythatwill

（

）

theseills.Wemustturn

（

）

thehome—ourpieceoftheworld—theplacewhereitallbegins.

【答案】考查上下文語義。由前面的“Itdoesn’tmatterwhichroomafamilychoosestogatherin.”一個家庭選擇哪一個房間并不重要，可知填matter，此句意為：重要的是他們選擇在一起。

試題答案：matter

考查介詞搭配。from意為“（表示來源）來自……”，learnrightfromwrong意為“明白是非”。

試題答案：from

考查介詞搭配。respectfor意為“尊敬，尊重”。

試題答案：for

考查固定搭配。passdown意為“傳下來，傳承”。

試題答案：down

考查上下文語義。fromonegenerationtothenext意為“從一代到下一代”。

試題答案：next

考查介詞搭配。beconcernedaboutsth.意為“關心某事”。

試題答案：about

考查介詞搭配。inflicton意為“使……受痛苦”

試題答案：on

考查上下文語義。solveproblems意為“解決問題”。

試題答案：solve

考查上下文語義。curetheseills意為“治療這些疾病”。此句意為：只有在一個地方，我們才能重獲價值和誠信，才能治愈這些弊病。

試題答案：cure

考查介詞搭配。turnto意為“轉向”

試題答案：to

2.單選題

Theaveragenumberofauthorsonscientificpapersissky-rocketing.That'spartlybecauselabsarebigger,problemsaremorecomplicated,andmoredifferentsubspecialtiesareneeded.Butit'salsobecauseU.S.governmentagencieshavestartedtopromote"teamscience".Asphysicsdevelopedinthepost-worldWarIera,federalfundsbuiltexpensivenationalfacilities,andtheseservedassurfacesonwhichcollaborationscouldcrystallizenaturally.

Yetmultipleauthorship-howevergooditmaybeinotherways-presentsproblemsforjournalsandfortheinstitutionsinwhichtheseauthorswork.Forthejournals,longlistsofauthorarehardtodealwithinthemselves.Butthoselonglistsgiverisetomoreseriousquestionswhensomethinggoeswrongwiththepaper.Ifthereisresearchmisconduct,howshouldtheliabilitybeallocatedamongtheauthors?Ifthereisanhonestmistakeinonepartoftheworkbutnotinothers,howshouldanevaluatoraimhisorherreview?

Variouspracticalorimpracticalsuggestionshaveemergedduringthelong-standingdebateonthisissue.Oneisthateachauthorshouldprovide,andthejournalshouldthenpublish,anaccountofthatauthor'sparticularcontributiontothework.Butadifferentviewoftheproblem,andperhapsofthesolution,comesaswegettouniversitycommitteeonappointmentsandpromotions,whichiswheretheauthorshiprubberreallymeetstheroad.Halfalifetimeofinvolvementwiththisprocesshastaughtmehowmuchauthorshipmatters.Ihavewatchedcommitteesattemptingtodecodesequencesofnames,agonizeoverwhetheramuch-citedpaperwasreallythecandidate'sworkoracoauthors,andsendbackrecommendationsaskingformorespecificityaboutthedivisionofresponsibility.

Problemsofthiskindchangetheargument,supportingthecaseforaskingauthorstodefinetheirownroles.Afterall,ifqualityjudgmentsaboutindividualsaretobemadeonthebasisoftheirpersonalcontributions,thenthejudgesbetterknowwhattheydid.Butifquestionsariseaboutthevalidityoftheworkasawhole,whetheraschallengestoitsconductorasevaluationsofitsinfluenceinthefield,ateamisateam,andthemembersshouldsharethecreditortheblame.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thereisatendencythatscientificpapers（）.

2.Oneoftheproblemswithmultipleauthorshipisthatitishard（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,authorshipisimportantwhen（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whethermultipleauthorsofapapershouldbetakencollectivelyor

individuallydepends（）.

5.Thebesttitleforthepassagecanbe（）.

問題1選項

A.aregettingmorecomplicated

B.aredealingwithbiggerproblems

C.aremoreofaproductofteamwork

D.arefocusingmoreonnaturalthanonsocialsciences

問題2選項

A.toallocatetheresponsibilityifthepapergoeswrong

B.todecideonhowmuchcontributioneachreviewerhasmade

C.toassigntherolesthatthedifferentauthorsaretoplay

D.tocorrespondwiththeauthorswhenthereadersfeeltheneedto

問題3選項

A.practicalorimpracticalsuggestionsoftheauthorsareconsidered

B.appointmentsandpromotionsoftheauthorsareinvolved

C.evaluatorsneedtoreviewthepublicationoftheauthors

D.thepublicationoftheauthorshasbecomemuch-cited

問題4選項

A.whetherjudgmentsaremadeaboutthepaperoritsauthors

B.whetheritisthecreditortheblamethattheauthorsneedtoshare

C.howmanyauthorsareinvolvedinthepaper

D.wherethepaperhasbeenpublished

問題5選項

A.WritingScientificPapers:PublishorPerish

B.CollaborationandResponsibilityinWritingScientificPapers

C.AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofTeamScience

D.MultipleAuthors,MultipleProblems

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。文章第一句指出了趨勢:Theaveragenumberofauthorsonscientificpapersissky-rocketing(科學論文上發(fā)表論文的作者的平均數(shù)量急劇上升)。后面又指出:Butit'salsobecauseU.S.governmentagencieshavestartedtopromoteteamscience’(但是，這也是因為美國政府機構已經開始推動‘團隊科學’)。由此可知，C項“更多的是團隊合作的產物”正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。第二段指出:Butthoselonglistsgiverisetomoreseriousquestionswhensomethinggoeswrongwiththepaper(但是，當論文出現(xiàn)問題的時候，這些長名單會導致更嚴重的問題)。由此可知，多個作者共同執(zhí)筆，很難找出負責人，故選A項。

3.細節(jié)事實題。第三段指出:...aswegettouniversitycommitteeonappointmentsandpromotions,whichiswheretheauthorshiprubberreallymeetstheroad(當涉及作者的任命和晉升時，著作權就發(fā)揮作用了)，因此B項“涉及作者的任命和晉升”正確。

4.判斷推理題。最后一段給出了答案:Afterall,ifqualityjudgmentsaboutindividualsaretobemadeonthebasisoftheirpersonalcontributions,thenthejudgesbetterknowwhattheydid.Butifquestionsariseaboutthevalidityoftheworkasawhole,whetheraschallengestoitsconductorasevaluationsofitsinfluenceinthefield,ateamisateam,andthemembersshouldsharethecreditortheblame(畢竟，如果要根據(jù)個人的貢獻對個人做出高質量的判斷，那么法官們就能更清楚知道他們做了什么。但是，如果對整個工作的有效性產生疑問，無論是作為對其行為的挑戰(zhàn)，還是作為對其在該領域影響的評估，一個團隊就是一個團隊，成員們應該共同承擔責任)，因此A項“評判是針對論文本身還是其作者”正確。

5.主旨大意題。文章開頭提出現(xiàn)象:科學論文上發(fā)表論文的作者的平均數(shù)量急劇上升，然后指出此現(xiàn)象帶來的社會問題，最后提供了解決辦法。因此，D項“多個作者，多個問題”最適合做文章標題。

3.單選題

Allworkers,regardlessoftheirsexandeducation,arerequiredto（）attheageof60.

問題1選項

A.resign

B.retire

C.regain

D.retain

【答案】B

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意可知，這里指退休，只有選項B符合要求。

4.翻譯題

AlthoughtelevisionondemandhasnotyetbecomeamainstreamactivityintheUK,theBBC,ITVandChannel4haveallinvestedvastsumsofmoneyintechnologywhichenablesviewerstowatchtheirfavouriteshowsontheircomputers.

1.Butsomecritics,includingsomeinternetserviceproviders,havewarnedthattheinternetwillcollapseunderthestrainofmillionsofpeopledownloadingprogrammesatthesametime.

Overthenextfouryears,itisthoughtthatthenumberofvideoswatchedovertheinternetwillquadruple,withpeoplemovingfromshortclipstohour-longprogrammes.

2.Broadbandcompaniesclaimthattheservicewillcause“trafficjams”,whichwillcostmillionsofpoundstosortout.

ButMrCerfdismissedthewarningsas“scaretactics”,sayingthatcriticshadpredicted20yearsagothatthenetwouldcollapsewhenpeopleallaroundtheworldstartedtouseitenmasse.

3.“Intheintervening30yearsit’sincreasedamilliontimes…We’refarfromexhaustingthecapacity”hesaid,“It’sanunderstandableworrywhentheyseehugeamountsofinformationbeingmovedaroundonline.”

【答案】1.但包括部分互聯(lián)網(wǎng)服務提供商在內的批評人士警告說，如果幾百萬人在同一時間下載節(jié)目，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)會因無法承受壓力而崩潰。

2.寬帶公司稱，這一服務會導致“網(wǎng)絡交通堵塞”，而“疏通”成本高達數(shù)百萬英鎊。

3.他說：“過去三十年中，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的容量增加了一百萬倍……我們還遠沒用盡這些容量。看到大量信息在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)間傳輸，有人產生這樣的擔憂是可以理解的?！?/p>

5.寫作題

Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement:Dissatisfactionleadstoprogress.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouropinion.

【答案】略

6.單選題

Heis

theonlypersonwhocan（）in

thiscasebecausetheotherwitnesseswerekilledmysteriously.

問題1選項

A.testify

B.charge

C.accuse

D.rectify

【答案】A

【解析】testify作證；charge起訴；accuse指控；rectify修正。句意：他是唯一能為此案作證的人,因為其他證人都被神秘地殺害了。選項A符合句意。

7.單選題

Fordecades,peoplehadcontinuedtopaydownmortgagesuntiltheirlastcentwasspent.Now,increasingnumbersweregivinguptheirhomesevenastheycontinuedtoserviceotherdebts.FacedwithaplungeinhousepricesacrosstheUS—somethingthathasnothappenedsincetheGreatDepressionofthe1930s—themortgageindustryisalreadydealingwithasurgeinthenumbersofpeopledefaultingontheirpayments.

Theconcernisthatthelossesonriskysubprimemortgagescouldsoonswellfurtheraspeoplewithgoodcredithistorydecideitisnotworthcontinuingtomakepaymentsonhousesworthlessthattheloan.HousepricesintheUSarealready20percentfromthe2006highsandareforecasttokeepfalling.Formany,especiallythosewhohaveputlittleoftheirownmoneyintoahouse,sendingbackthekeyscouldbeperfectlyrational.Thepracticehasgivenanameintheindustry—“jinglemail”—andthereareevencompaniesspecializinginhelpingpeoplewiththedecision.Y,onesuchservice,almostmakesitsoundanalluringprospect,“whatifyoucouldlivepayment-freeforuptoeightmonthsormoreandwalkawaywithoutowingapenny?”thewebsiteasks.

LarryRosenberger,arguablyoneofthemostexperiencedcrunchersofconsumerdebtstatisticsaround,wasmeetingtheconsortiumofmortgagelenderstotalkaboutanalyzingtheirdatafromcluesaboutwhichpeopleinnegativeequitycouldbeexpectedtokeeppayingdowntheirmortgages.Theysaid,“we’regettingkilledwithlosses,canwefigureoutmoreaccuratelywhowilldowhat,sowecanbemoreaccommodatingwithsomeborrowersbutnotwithothers,”Mr.Rosenbergersays.

TheaccuracyofthemodelsusedbythelikesofMr.Rosenbergertoflaggoodandbadcustomerscouldmakeahugedifferencetothelossesthatlenderseventuallyhavetoabsorb—lossesthatwill,inturn,determinetheavailabilityoffreshfundsfornewloans.Hisapproachwastoseekcluestopeople’sfutureactionsintheirpastbehaviors.Forexample,peoplewithchildrenatlocalschoolsmaybelesslikelytowalkawaythanpeoplewithoutschool-agechildren.Peoplewithmortgagesonsecondhomesmaybemorelikelytogiveuptheinvestment.

26.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtoParagraph1?

27.Peoplestoppayinghousemortgagesbecause（）.

28.Theworryingsituationinmortgageindustry（）.

29.WhatdoyouthinkLarryRosenbergerdoes?

30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“flag”meaninParagraph4?

問題1選項

A.Thepatternthatpeoplepaydownmortgageshaschangedrecently.

B.ThelasttimethathousepricesdroppedsorapidlywastheGreatDepression.

C.Peoplestoppayingmortgagesfornotonlyhousesbutalsoeverythingelse.

D.Themortgageindustryisfacingabigchallengebecausepeoplecannolongerpaytheirdebts.

問題2選項

A.theyfindthattheirhousesareworthlessthantheloan

B.theircreditcardsareclosedandtheyhavegonebankruptcy

C.theydonothaveagoodcredithistoryandfailtogettheloan

D.theycanliveinthehousewithoutpayinganything

問題3選項

A.isaccompaniedbyanewmailingservicecalled“jinglemail”

B.isworsenedbythenewbusinesssuchasY

C.iscausedbythosepeoplewhohaveinvestedlittleinhousing

D.canbechangedifpeoplebecomemorerationalandlaw-abiding

問題4選項

A.Hecrunchesconsumerssothattheywillpaytheirdebts.

B.Heprovidesborrower’sfinancialinformationtomortgagelenders.

C.Heanalysesthelenders’datatopredictwhatcustomerswilldo.

D.Heuseshisexperiencetohelpthelendersavoidrisks.

問題5選項

A.asymbol

B.asignal

C.toidentify

D.toattract

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】26.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段第2句Now,increasingnumbersweregivinguptheirhomesevenastheycontinuedtoserviceotherdebts（現(xiàn)在，越來越多的人放棄了他們的房子，即使他們繼續(xù)償還其他債務）可推斷出，C選項“人們不僅停止支付房屋抵押貸款，而且停止支付其他所有抵押貸款”的表述是不正確的，因此C選項符合題意。

27.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第一句中的peoplewithgoodcredithistorydecideitisnotworthcontinuingtomakepaymentsonhousesworthlessthattheloan（擁有良好信用記錄的人認為，繼續(xù)支付價值低于貸款的房屋是不值得的）可知，A選項“他們發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的房子的價值低于貸款”正確。

28.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】判斷推理題。根據(jù)第二段第四句Thepracticehasgivenanameintheindustry—“jinglemail”—andthereareevencompaniesspecializinginhelpingpeoplewiththedecision（這種做法在業(yè)內有了一個名字——“叮當郵件”，甚至有專門幫助人們做決定的公司）可以推斷出，A選項“伴隨著一種名為‘叮當郵件’的新郵件服務”正確。

29.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】判斷推理題。根據(jù)第三段第一句LarryRosenberger,arguablyoneofthemostexperiencedcrunchersofconsumerdebtstatisticsaround,wasmeetingtheconsortiumofmortgagelenderstotalkaboutanalyzingtheirdatafromcluesaboutwhichpeopleinnegativeequitycouldbeexpectedtokeeppayingdowntheirmortgages（拉里?羅森伯格可以說是消費者債務統(tǒng)計方面經驗最豐富的專家之一，他與抵押貸款機構聯(lián)盟會面，討論如何根據(jù)負資產人群有望繼續(xù)償還抵押貸款的線索來分析數(shù)據(jù)），和第四段第二句Hisapproachwastoseekcluestopeople’sfutureactionsintheirpastbehaviors（他的方法是在人們過去的行為中尋找未來行為的線索）可推斷出，C選項正確。

30.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】語義推測題。本處flag意為分辨、區(qū)分，因此C選項“識別；確定；辨認”正確。

8.翻譯題

諸位畢業(yè)同學，你們現(xiàn)在要離開母校了，我沒有什么禮物送你們，只好送你們一句話罷。這一句話是“不要拋棄學問?！币郧暗墓φn也許有一大部分是為了這張畢業(yè)文憑，不得已而做的，從今以后，你們可以依自己的心愿去自由研究了。趁現(xiàn)在年富力強的時候，努力做一種專門學問。少年是一去不復返的，等到精力衰竭時，要做學問也來不及了。即為吃飯計，學問決不會辜負人的。吃飯而不求學問，三年五年之后，你們都要被后來少年淘汰掉的。到那時再想做點學問來補救，恐怕已太晚了。

有人說：“出去做事之后，生活急需解決，哪有工夫去讀書？即使要做學問，既沒有圖書館，又沒有實驗室，哪能做學問？”

我要對你們說：凡是要等到有了圖書館才讀書的，有了圖書館也不肯讀書。凡是要等到有實驗室方才做研究的，有了實驗室也不肯做研究。你有了決心要研究一個問題，自然會撙衣節(jié)食去買書，自然會想出法子來設置儀器。

【答案】DearStudentsoftheGraduatingClass:AsyouareleavingyourAlmaMater,Ihavenothingtoofferyouasagiftexceptawordofadvice.Myadviceis,“Nevergiveupthepursuitoflearning.”Youhaveperhapsfinishedyourcollegecoursesmostlyforobtainingthediploma,or,inotherwords,outofsheernecessity.However,fromnowonyouarefreetofollowyourownbentinthechoiceofstudies.Whileyouareintheprimeoflife,whynotdevoteyourselvestoaspecialfieldofstudy?Youthwillsoonbegonenevertoreturn;anditwillbetoolateforyoutogointoscholarshipwheninyourdecliningyears.Knowledgewilldoyouagoodturnevenasameansofsubsistence.Ifyougiveupstudieswhileholdingajob,youwillinacoupleofyearshavehadyourselvesreplacedbyyoungerpeople.Itwillthenbetoolatetoremedythesituationbypickingupstudiesagain.

Some?people?say,?“Once?you?have?a?job,?youwill?come?up?against?the?urgentproblem?of?making?a?living.?How?can?you?manage?to?find?time?to?study??Even?if?you?want?to,?will?it?be?possible?with?no?library?or?no?laboratory?available?”

Nowletmetellyouthis.Thosewhorefusetostudyforlackofalibrarywillmostprobablycontinuetodosoeventhoughthereisalibrary.Andthosewhorefusetodoresearchforlackofalaboratorywillmostprobablycontinuetodosoeventhoughalaboratoryisavailable.Aslongasyousetyourmindonstudies,youwillnaturallycutdownonfoodandclothingtobuybooksordoeverythingpossibletoacquirenecessaryinstruments.

9.單選題

ReformingtheSocialSecurityretirementprogramisanissueofenormouspracticalimportance.YetitremainsthemissingpieceinAmericanpolicyanalysis.AtatimewhentheCongressandtheAdministrationareconsideringwaystoreformwelfare,Medical,Medicaidandtheincometax,electedofficialsarestillunwillingtoconfronttheseriousproblemofourSocialSecuritysystem.Eventually,however,itsdeterioratingfinancialconditionwillforcemajorreforms.Whetherthosereformsaregoodorbad,whethertheydealwithbasiceconomicproblemsofthesystemormerelyprotectthesolvencyofexistinginstitutionalarrangementswilldependinpartonwhetherwe,aseconomists,providetheappropriateintellectualframeworkforanalyzingreformalternatives.

Majorpolicychangesthataffectthepublicatlargecanonlyhappeninourdemocracywhenthereiswidespreadpublicsupportforthenewdirectionpolicy.Inthefieldofeconomics,theviewsofmedia,ofotherprivate-sectoropinionleaders,andofpoliticiansandtheiradvisers,dependverymuchontheirperceptionofwhateconomistsbelievefeasibleandcorrect.Fundamentalpolicyreformsinacomplexarealikesocialsecurityalsorequirethedevelopmentoftechnicalexpertise,bothinandoutofgovernment,abouttheopinionsforchangeandtheirlikelyconsequences.Fortunately,anexpandinggroupofeconomistsisnowthinkingandwritingaboutsocialsecurityreform.Myremarkstodaygreatlybenefitfromwhattheyhavewrittenandfrommyconversationswithmanyofthem.

IbegantodomyresearchontheeffectsofSocialSecurityreformnearly25yearsago(Feldstein,1974,1975).AcentralconceptinmyanalysisofSocialSecurityhasbeenthenotionof“SocialSecuritywealth”,whichIdefinedasthepresentactuarialvalueoftheSocialSecuritybenefitstowhichthecurrentadultpopulationwillbeentitledatageof65(orarealreadyentitledtoiftheyareolderthan65)minusthepresentactuarialvalueoftheSocialSecuritytaxesthattheywillpaybeforereachingthatage.SocialSecuritywealthhasnowgrowntoabout$11trillionormorethan1.5timesGDP.Sincethisisequivalenttomorethan$50000foreveryadultinthecountry,thevalueofSocialSecuritywealthsubstantiallyexceedsallotherassetsforthevastmajorityofAmericanhouseholds.Intheaggregate,SocialSecuritywealthexceedsthree-fourthsofallprivatefinancialwealth,asconventionallymeasured.

SocialSecuritywealthisofcoursenotrealwealthbutonlyaclaimoncurrentandfuturetaxpayers.Insteadoflabelingthiskeymagnitude“SocialSecuritywealth”,Icouldhavecalleditthenation’s“SocialSecurityliability”.Likeordinarygovernmentdebt,SocialSecuritywealthhasthepowertocrowdoutprivatecapitalaccumulation;andSocialSecuritywealthwillcontinuetogrowaslongasourcurrentsystemremainsunchanged,displacinganeverlargerstockofcapital.

The$11trillionSocialSecurityliabilityisthreetimesaslargeastheofficialnationaldebt.AlthoughIcertainlywelcomethecurrentpoliticaleffortstoshrinkfuturebudgetdeficit,itisworthnotingthat,evenifthetraditionaldeficitiseliminatedintheyear2002,sothatthenationaldebtisthennolongerincreasing,thenationaldebtintheformoftheSocialSecurityliabilityislikelytoincreasethatyearbyabout$300billion.

Lookingfurtherintothefuture,theaggregateSocialSecurityliabilitywillgrowasthepopulationexpands,asitbecomesrelativelyolder,andasincomerises.Governmentactuariespredictthatunderexistinglawthetaxraterequiredtopayeachyear’sSocialSecuritybenefitwillriseoverthenext50yearsfromthepresentlevelofslightlylessthan12percenttomorethan18percent,andperhapstoasmuchas23percent.

1.Thedeterioratingfinancialconditionsreferredtowascausedby____.

2.Inthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraph,theunderlinedword“alternatives”refersto____.

3.Inparagraphthree,thenameandthedatesbetweenparentheses____.

4.ThedefinitionofSocialSecuritywealth____.

5.Ratherthanwealth,thismagnitudemaybeconstruedasaliabilitybecause____.

問題1選項

A.apooreconomicapproachtotheSocialSecurityretirementprogram

B.thereformofwelfareapprovedbythegovernment

C.government’sheavydebtsbecauseofinappropriateinvestment

D.majorpolicychangesinthepast

問題2選項

A.courses

B.thoughts

C.occasions

D.people

問題3選項

A.identifytheauthor

B.representnewinformation

C.arequestionsofpersonalstyle

D.refertoadifferentsource

問題4選項

A.appliestothebenefitspayablebeforeage65

B.includesthepresentactuarialvaluepaidbeforeage65

C.wasformulatedtwoandahalfdecadeago

D.wastodifferentiateprivatefinancialwealth

問題5選項

A.ithasgrownto$11trillion

B.itexceedsallotherassets

C.itisadebttobepaid

D.itgrowsrapidlythroughtheaccumulationofprivatecapital

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:【選項釋義】

Thedeteriorationfinancialconditionreferredtowascausedby____.文中提到的財務狀況惡化是由____造成的。

A.apooreconomicapproachtotheSocialSecurityretirementprogramA.社會保障退休計劃的糟糕的經濟方法

B.thereformofwelfareintheSocialSecurityretirementprogramB.社會保障退休計劃中的福利改革

C.government’sheavydebtsbecauseofinappropriateinvestmentC.政府投資不當導致的沉重債務

D.majorpolicychangesinthepastD.過去發(fā)生的重大政策變化

【答案】A

【考查點】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關鍵詞deteriorationfinancialcondition定位到原文第一段第四句，該句提到“其日益惡化的財政狀況（itsdeterioratingfinancialcondition）最終（Eventually）將迫使其進行重大改革（majorreforms）?！庇纱丝芍笪慕榻B的應該是財政狀況惡化的結果——改革，因此，導致財政狀況惡化的原因應該去前文中找。前一句提到“當國會和政府正在考慮如何改革社會福利、醫(yī)療保險、醫(yī)療補助和所得稅時，官員們仍然不愿意面對我們社會保障體系的嚴重問題?！庇纱丝芍?，在討論制定社會保障計劃時，政府官員們的方法不當，不愿意處理社會保障體系中的嚴重問題，由此最終導致需要進行改革。A選項“制定社會保障退休計劃的糟糕的經濟方法”最符合原文。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“社會保障退休計劃中的福利改革”，根據(jù)【解題思路】可知，“改革”是“財政狀況惡化”的結果，而本題詢問的是“財政狀況惡化”的原因，該選項屬于因果倒置；

C選項“政府投資不當導致的沉重債務”，“政府債務”是原文第四到六段的內容，根據(jù)原文可知，與本題無關，該選項屬于出處錯位；

D選項“過去發(fā)生的重大政策變化”，“重大政策變化”可定位到原文第二段第一句，該句提到“只有當新的政策方向得到公眾的廣泛支持時，才能發(fā)生影響廣大公眾的重大政策變化”，與本題無關，該選項屬于出處錯位。

第2題:【選項釋義】

Inthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraph,theunderlinedword“alternatives”refersto____.第一段的最后一句中劃線詞“alternatives”指的是____。

A.coursesA.課程；路線

B.thoughtsB.想法；看法

C.occasionsC.重大場合

D.peopleD.人民

【答案】C

【考查點】詞匯推測題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關鍵詞thefirstparagraph和thelastsentence定位到原文第一段最后一句，該句提到“這些改革是好是壞，是解決體系的基本經濟問題，還是僅僅保護現(xiàn)有制度安排的償付能力，將部分取決于我們，作為經濟學家，是否提供適當?shù)闹R框架來分析____?！痹~alternatives的本義為“可供替代的選擇”，在這里應該指的是一些供選擇的改革方案（reformalternatives）。C選項occasions可以指重大的社會事件或場合，reformoccasions指的是“改革”這件事，與原文的語義最接近。

【干擾項排除】A選項courses“課程；路線”、B選項thoughts“想法；看法”、D選項people“人民”完全不符合原文語義，屬于無中生有。

第3題:【選項釋義】

Inparagraphthree,thenameandthedatesbetweenparentheses____.在第三段中，括號里的名字和日期____。

A.identitytheauthorA.標明作者的身份

B.representvitalnewinformationB.代表重要的新信息

C.areaquestionofpersonalstyleC.是個人風格的問題

D.refertoadifferentsourceD.指另一個來源

【答案】A

【考查點】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關鍵詞Inparagraphthree定位到原文第3段。本段第一句提到“近25年前，我開始研究社會保障改革的影響（費爾德斯坦，1974，1975）?！痹谡撐闹?，通常會使用括號中標明作者和日期的格式，來提示這是該作者該時間的研究。原文中括號里的名字和日期是為了表明關于社會保障改革的影響的研究是費爾德斯坦在1974到1975年的著作。A選項“標明作者的身份”最符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“代表重要的新信息”，表述錯誤，原文中作者已經點明這是他自己25年前的研究，所以不屬于新信息，該選項屬于反向干擾；

C選項“是個人風格的問題”，表述錯誤，這種做法是慣例，該選項屬于無中生有；

D選項“指另一個來源”，表述錯誤，括號里的名字和日期是為了補充該來源的信息，而不是指另一個來源，該選項屬于反向干擾。

第4題:【選項釋義】

ThedefinitionofSocialSecuritywealth____.社會保障財富的定義____。

A.appliestothebenefitspayablebeforeage65A.適用于65歲之前可支付的福利

B.includesthepresentactuarialvaluepaidbeforeage65B.包括65歲以前支付的精算現(xiàn)值

C.wasformulatedtwoandahalfdecadeagoC.是25年前形成的

D.wastodifferentiateprivatefinancialwealthD.是為了區(qū)分私人金融財富

【答案】C

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關鍵詞definitionofSocialSecuritywealth定位到原文第三段。本段第一句提到“差不多25年前（nearly25yearsago），我開始研究社會保障改革的影響?！痹摱蔚诙涮岬健霸谖覍ι鐣Ｕ系姆治鲋校╥nmyanalysisofSocialSecurity），一個中心概念是‘社會保障財富’，我把它定義為（whichIdefinedas）社會保障福利的精算現(xiàn)值（thepresentactuarialvalueoftheSocialSecuritybenefits）（現(xiàn)在的成年人在65歲時將有權享受或65歲以上的老年人已經享受了）減去（minus）他們在達到那個年齡之前支付的社會保障稅的精算現(xiàn)值（thepresentactuarialvalueoftheSocialSecuritytaxes）?！庇纱丝芍?，關于“社會保障財富”的概念是作者在他25年前的一份研究中定義的。C選項“是25年前形成的”最符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“適用于65歲之前可支付的福利”，由【解題思路】可知，根據(jù)定義，65歲之前交稅，65歲及65歲以上才可能有資格享受福利，該選項表述錯誤，屬于偷換概念；

B選項“包括65歲以前支付的精算現(xiàn)值”，由【解題思路】可知，“社會保障財富”的定義為“65歲及65歲以后享受到的福利的精算現(xiàn)值減去這些人65歲以前交的稅的精算現(xiàn)值”，它是一個差額，而不是單獨的某一個精算現(xiàn)值，該選項屬于曲解原文；

D選項“是為了區(qū)分私人金融財富”，原文只提到了作者關于社會保障財富這個概念的定義，并沒有提及他提出這個定義的目的，該選項屬于無中生有。

第5題:【選項釋義】

Ratherthanwealth,thismagnitudemaybeconstruedasaliabilitybecause____.這個的量度可能被理解為負債而不是財富，因為____。

A.ithasgrownto$11trillionA.它已經增長到11萬億美元了

B.itexceedsallotherassetsB.它超過了所有其他資產

C.itisadebttobepaidC.這是一筆需要償還的債

D.itgrowsrapidlythroughtheaccumulationofprivatecapitalD.它通過私人資本的積累而迅速增長

【答案】C

【考查點】推理判斷題

【解題思路】本題詢問的是為什么把它稱之為“負債”而不是“財富”。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞wealth、magnitude和liability定位到原文第四段第二句，該句提到“我本可以稱其為國家的‘社會保障負債’，而不是將其稱為‘社會保障財富’?！倍髡哒f這句話的背景是，前一句提到“社會保障財富當然不是真正的財富（notrealwealth），而只是（butonly）對當前和未來納稅人的一種要求（aclaim）?！庇纱丝芍?，之所以把它稱之為“負債”是因為它需要納稅人交稅，對于納稅人來說相當于一筆要償還的債務，C選項“這是一筆需要償還的債”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“它已經增長到11萬億美元了”，表述正確，但與本題無關，該選項屬于出處錯位；

B選項“它超過了所有其他資產”，可定位到原文第三段最后一句，該句提到“總的來說，按照常規(guī)衡量，社會保障財富超過所有私人金融財富的四分之三（exceedsthree-fourthsofallprivatefinancialwealth）?！庇纱丝芍鼪]有超過了所有其他資產，并且這也不是本題詢問的原因，該選項屬于反向干擾、出處錯位；

D選項“它通過私人資本的積累而迅速增長”，表述錯誤，原文第四段最后一句提到“社會保障財富有能力將私人資本積累擠出。”由此可知，原文并沒有說社會保障財富是通過私人資本積累而增長的，并且這也不是本題詢問的原因，該選項屬于曲解原文、出處錯位。

10.單選題

Surprisingly,nooneknowshowmanychildrenreceiveeducationinEnglishhospitals,stilllessthecontentorqualityofthateducation.Properrecordsarejustnotkept.

Weknowthatmorethan850,000childrengothroughhospitaleachyear,andthateverychildofschoolagehasalegalrighttocontinuetoreceiveeducationwhileinhospital.Wealsoknowthereisonlyonehospitalteachertoevery1,000childreninhospital.

Littlewonderthelatestsurveyconcludesthattheextentandtypeofhospitalteachingavailabledifferagreatdealacrossthecountry.ItisfoundthathalfthehospitalsinEngland,whichadmitchildrenhavenoteacher.Afurtherquarterhasonlyapart-timeteacher.Thespecialchildren’shospitalsinmajorcitiesdobestgeneralhospitalsinthecountryandholidayareasareworstoff.

Fromthissurvey,onecanestimatethatfewerthanoneinfivechildrenhavesomecontactwithahospitalteacher—andthatcontactmaybeaslittleastwohoursaday.Mostchildreninterviewedweresurprisedtofindateacherinhospitalatall.Theyhadnotbeenpreparedforitbyparentsoftheirownschool.Iftherewasateacher,theyweremuchmorelikelytoreadbooksanddomathornumberwork,withoutateachertheywouldonlyplaygames.

Reasonsforhospitalteachingrangefrompreventingachildfallingbehindandmaintainingthehabitofschooltokeepingachildoccupied,andthelatterisoftenalltheteachercando.Thepositionandinfluenceofmanyteacherswassummedupwhenpatentsofferedtothemas“thelibrarylady”orjust“thehelper”.

Childrentendtorelyonconcernedschoolfriendstokeepintouchwithschoolwork.Severalparentsspokeofrequestsforworkbeingignoredorrefusedbytheschool.Oncebackatschoolchildrenrarelygetextrateaching,andaretoldtocatchupasbestth