考研考博-英語-北京財(cái)貿(mào)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京財(cái)貿(mào)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

InBritainpeople______morethanfourmilliontonsofpotatoeseveryyear.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.swallow

B.dispose

C.consume

D.exhaust

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)swallow“忍受；吞沒；吞下；咽下”；B選項(xiàng)dispose“安置，安排；使……傾向于做；使對(duì)……產(chǎn)生某種感覺；扔掉，清除；應(yīng)付，處理；擊敗”；C選項(xiàng)consume“消耗，消費(fèi)；使……著迷；揮霍；耗盡（多指資源、財(cái)力的消耗），毀滅；耗盡生命”；D選項(xiàng)exhaust“使筋疲力盡；耗盡（多指體力的耗盡）；徹底探討；排出”。句意：在英國(guó)，人們每年要消耗400多萬噸土豆。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Thedoctortoldthestudentsthata(n)（

）diseasewasonethatcouldbepassedfromonepersontoanother.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.effective

B.infectious

C.coherent

D.inherent

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)effective“有效的，起作用的”；B選項(xiàng)infectious“傳染的”；C選項(xiàng)coherent“連貫的，一致的”；D選項(xiàng)inherent“固有的，內(nèi)在的”。

句意：醫(yī)生告訴學(xué)生傳染病是一種可以從一個(gè)人傳染給另一個(gè)人的疾病。infectiousdisease意為“傳染病”，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

3.單選題

Withhisbrowsknitted,thedoctorcontemplatedthedifficultoperationhehadtoperform.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ucceededin

B.ecidedagainst

C.wentonwith

D.thoughtdeeplyabout

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：醫(yī)生皺著眉頭，……那個(gè)他要做的手術(shù)。succeedin“在……方面取得成功”；decideagainst“決定不”；goonwith“繼續(xù)”；thinkdeeplyabout“深思”。根據(jù)“withhisbrowsknitted”可知醫(yī)生正在思考，因此劃線單詞的意思是“沉思”，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.單選題

Abuildinghastwomainstructuralfunctions.Itmustshelterpeoplefromtheelementsanditmusttransmitallloadssafelytotheground.Loadsareoftwokinds,deadandlive.Deadloadsarethoseofthebuildingitself.Theyvaryindifferentpartsofthebuildingaccordingtotheheightsandmaterialsused.

Engineerscaneasilycalculatetheseloads,becausetheyknowtheweightsandpositionsofallthepartsofthebuilding.Liveloadsaretheweightsofthepeopleandthingsinthebuilding.Engineershavedoneresearchintoliveloadingsandhaveproducedstatisticsforallkindsofloads.Theyknow,forexample,thatthenormalfloorloadingofanofficebuildingisabout40poundsforeverysquarefoot.

Inmanycountries,thegreatestloadingsallowedarestatedinregulations.Whenauthoritiesapprovethedesignofanewbuilding,theymakesurethatthebuildingwillsafelytaketheloadsstated.Thecalculationsincludeasafetyfactorofthreeorfour—thatis,thestructureisthreeorfourtimesasitneededbetoavoidcollapse.Theextrastrengthallowsforoccasionaloverloadingandforsmallheavyloads,suchasanofficesafe.Theextrastrengthalsoallowsfordeteriorationofthestructure.

Thearchitectmustdesignthebuildingtostanduptowindpressures.AndinsomecountriessuchasJapan,thebuildingmustalsowithstandearthquakes.Earthquakescauseabnormalstressesinabuilding'sstructure,especiallyatthejointsbetweenbeamsandcolumns.

Themaintypesofstructureusedtosupportbuildingincludeload-bearingwalls,framesandtheshellstructures.Architectsmayusespace-framesandshellsforlargeone-flooredbuildings,suchasaircrafthangars,exhibitionhallsandswimming-pools.Thesestructurescanformwide-spanroofswithoutanycentralsupportpillars.Aspaceframeconsistsofarigidnetworkofmetalgirders.Ashellmaybeofconcreteorwood,formingahigharchedroof.Manyshellstructureshavebeautifulgeometricalshapes.

1.Anappropriatetitlefortheabovearticleshouldbe（

）.

2.Oneofthemainstructuralfunctionsofabuildingis

（

）.

3.Thesafetyfactorofabuildingmustbe

（

）.

4.arethemaintypesofstructuresusedtosupportbuildings

（

）.

5.Allthestressesarementionedinthepassageexcept（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheMethodsofConstruction

B.TheContractingSystem

C.ThePrinciplesofBuilding

D.ConstructingaLargeBuilding

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.toprovideshelterforpeopleatnight

B.totransmitallloadssafelytotheground

C.tostanduptowindpressure

D.toserveasakinddecorationinthecity

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.twiceasstrongasthewindpressuretoavoidcollapse

B.threeoffourtimesasstrongasitneededbetoavoidcollapse

C.explainedtotheresidentswholiveinthebuilding

D.reportedtothegovernmentuponcompletionofthebuilding

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Wide-spanroofsandshellstructures

B.Pillarsandcolumns

C.Concretewallsandframes

D.Load-bearingwalls,framesandshellstructures

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.windpressures

B.stressescausedbyearthquakes

C.rainpressure

D.stressesofthebuildingitself

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。原文第一段指出建筑有兩個(gè)主要的結(jié)構(gòu)功能以及兩種負(fù)載能力。下文接著講到了建筑承重的問題，由此可以推斷，本文主要講的是建筑原則，選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Itmustshelterpeoplefromtheelementsanditmusttransmitallloadssafelytotheground.它必須為人們提供躲避惡劣天氣的場(chǎng)所，并且必須將所有的貨物安全運(yùn)送到地面。”只有選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第三句“thestructureisthreeorfourtimesasitneededbetoavoidcollapse.（建筑）結(jié)構(gòu)是避免倒塌所需的三到四倍。”由此可知，選項(xiàng)B與原文表述一致，所以正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Themaintypesofstructureusedtosupportbuildingincludeload-bearingwalls,framesandtheshellstructures.支撐建筑物的主要結(jié)構(gòu)類型包括承重墻、框架和殼體結(jié)構(gòu)?！边x項(xiàng)D符合原文。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第四段的一二句“Thearchitectmustdesignthebuildingtostanduptowindpressures.AndinsomecountriessuchasJapan,thebuildingmustalsowithstandearthquakes.建筑師必須設(shè)計(jì)出經(jīng)得起風(fēng)壓的建筑物。在日本等一些國(guó)家，建筑物還必須經(jīng)受起地震?！庇纱丝芍?，選項(xiàng)A和B均有提及；根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句“Deadloadsarethoseofthebuildingitself.靜載荷是建筑物本身的負(fù)載。”由此可知，選項(xiàng)D在文中也有提及。只有選項(xiàng)C沒有提及，所以本題選C。

5.單選題

Obesitygenerallyisdefinedasanaccumulationoffatbeyondwhatisconsiderednormalforaperson'sage,sex,andbodytype.Intoday’ssocietyobesityisconsideredadisease,notamoralfailing.Itoccurswhenenergyintakeexceedstheamountofenergyexpendedovertime.Onlyinasmallminorityofcasesisobesitycausedbysuchillnessesashypothyroidism,ortheresultoftakingmedicationssuchassteroids(類固醇),thatcancauseweightgain.

Themoreapersonweighs,themorebloodvesselsthebodyneedstocirculatebloodthroughoutthebody.Thehearttakesonaheavyburdenashastopumphardertoforcethebloodflowthroughsomanyvessels.Asaresult;theheartgrowsinsizeandbloodpressuretendstorise.Obesityisalsoafactorinosteoarthritis(becauseoftheextraweightplacedonthejoints),boneandjointdiseases,respiratoryailments,gallbladderdisease,complicationsduringpregnancyanddelivery,andhigheraccidentaldeathrate.

Obesitycanalterhormonelevels,affectimmunefunction,andcauseimpotenceinmenandreproductiveproblemsinwomen.Womenwhoare30%overweightaretwiceaslikelytodieofendometrialcancer,andthosewhoare40%overweighthavefourtimestherisk.Obesewomenalsoaremorelikelytoincurcancersofthebreast,ovaries,andgallbladder.Obesemenaremorelikelytodevelopcancersoftherectum,colon,bladder,pancreas,stomach,andprostate.

Obesitycanalsocausepsychologicalproblems.Sufferersareassociatedwithlaziness,failure,orinadequatewillpower.Asaresult,overweightmenandwomenblamethemselvesforbeingheavy,thuscausingfeelingsofguiltanddepression.

ScientificevidencehasfoundanassociationbetweenBMI(bodymassindex)andhigherdeathrates.However,therelativeriskofbeingheavydeclineswithage.Someresearchershavefoundthatdatalinkingoverweightanddeathareinconclusive,whileotherresearchershavefoundthatlosingweightmayberiskierthandangersposedbyextrapounds.Someresearcherscounterthatoverweightindirectlycontributestoover300,000deathsayear.

ApollbyShapeUpAmericafoundthat78%ofoverweightorobeseadultshaveabandoneddietingasameansoflosingweight.Dietsdonotteachpeoplehowtoeatproperly.Theymerelyrestrictfoodintaketemporarily,sowhenthedietends,weightgainresumes.

1.Whichofthefollowingexpressesthemainideaofthispassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whydoesdietingnotresultinpermanentweightloss?

4.WhichofthefollowingisimpliedinParagraph5?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbeconcludedfromthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Obesityputsaburdenontheheart.

B.Manypeopleareconstantlydieting

C.Obesityisconsideredtobeadisease.

D.Obesitycanleadtomanyserioushealthproblems

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.obesityisoftenrelatedtomedicationssuchassteroids

B.obesitydoesnotaffectaperson'schanceofgettingcancer

C.adiagnosisofobesityisbasedonanormalweightforone'sage,sexandbodytype.

D.obesityisbecominglessofaproblemintoday'ssociety

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Dietsdon'tteachpeoplegoodeatinghabits,

B.Dietsleadtopeople’sguiltanddepression

C.Therearetoomanydietsandeachhasdifferentrequirements.

D.Dietscausefeelingofdeprivation

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Losingalotofweightisnotwiseforolderpeople.

B.Somesurgicalmethodsforweightlossarebetterthandieting.

C.Allobesepeopleneedtoshedtheirextrapounds.

D.Obesepeopleshouldconsulttheirdoctorsabouttheprosandconsoflosingweight

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Obesityisnotamajorhealthrisk.

B.Scientistsagreeontheconnectionbetweenobesityanddeath.

C.Obesepeoplearelikelytobebiasedagainstbyothers

D.Obesepeopleoftenblameothersfortheirconditions.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。第一段主要說明了什么是肥胖及什么導(dǎo)致了肥胖，第二段至第五段討論了肥胖會(huì)導(dǎo)致的各種健康問題，最后一段說明了減肥失敗的原因。因此D項(xiàng)“肥胖會(huì)導(dǎo)致許多嚴(yán)重的健康問題”符合文章大意。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:肥胖通常與類固醇等藥物有關(guān)。第一段贊成：Onlyinasmallminorityofcasesisobesitycausedbysuchillnessesashypothyroidism,ortheresultoftakingmedicationssuchassteroids（類固醇），thatcancauseweightgain（只有在少數(shù)情況下，肥胖是由甲狀腺功能減退等疾病或服用能導(dǎo)致體重增加的如類固醇藥物造成的）。因此A項(xiàng)不符合原文所述。B:肥胖不會(huì)影響一個(gè)人得癌癥的幾率。第三段指出：Obesewomenalsoaremorelikelytoincurcancersofthebreast（肥胖女性也更容易患乳腺癌）。因此B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C:肥胖的診斷是基于一個(gè)人的年齡、性別和體型的正常體重。第一段指出：Obesitygenerallyisdefinedasanaccumulationoffatbeyondwhatisconsiderednormalforaperson'sase,sex,andbodytype（肥胖一般被定義為脂肪的積累超過了就一個(gè)人的年齡、性別和體型而言被認(rèn)為是正常的水平）。因此C項(xiàng)正確。D:在當(dāng)今社會(huì)，肥胖已經(jīng)不再是一個(gè)問題了。第一段指出：Intoday’ssocietyobesityisconsideredadisease（在當(dāng)今社會(huì)，肥胖被認(rèn)為是一種疾?。Ｒ虼薉項(xiàng)不符合原文所述。本題選C。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。最后一段指出：Dietsdonotteachpeoplehowtoeatproperly.Theymerelyrestrictfoodintaketemporarily,sowhenthedietends,weightgainresumes（節(jié)食并不能教會(huì)人們?nèi)绾握_飲食。他們只是暫時(shí)限制食物攝入，所以當(dāng)飲食結(jié)束時(shí)，體重又會(huì)恢復(fù)增長(zhǎng)）。因此A項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。A:對(duì)老年人來說，減肥是不明智的。B:有些手術(shù)減肥方法比節(jié)食減肥效果好。C:所有的肥胖者都需要減掉多余的體重。D:肥胖的人應(yīng)該向醫(yī)生咨詢減肥的利與弊。第五段指出：而另一些研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，減肥可能比超重帶來的危險(xiǎn)更大。一些研究人員反駁說，超重每年間接導(dǎo)致30多萬人死亡。由此推斷，是否應(yīng)減肥還應(yīng)向醫(yī)生咨詢，故選D。

第5題:判斷推理題。A:肥胖不是一個(gè)主要的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。文章提及很多肥胖導(dǎo)致的健康問題，因此A項(xiàng)并不能被推斷出。B:科學(xué)家們一致認(rèn)為肥胖和死亡之間存在聯(lián)系。第五段有指出：關(guān)于肥胖與死亡的關(guān)系，有很多不同觀點(diǎn)，因此B項(xiàng)也不能被推斷出。C:胖人有可能受到他人對(duì)自己的偏見。D:肥胖的人經(jīng)常把自己的狀況歸咎于別人。第四段指出：（肥胖）患者被與懶惰、失敗或意志力不足聯(lián)系在一起。最后，超重的男人和女人責(zé)怪他們自己太重，從而導(dǎo)致內(nèi)疚和沮喪的感覺。由此推斷，C項(xiàng)正確，D項(xiàng)不正確。本題選C。

6.單選題

Thesegoodsaresoldatreducedprices,（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thedefectsarepointedouttothecustomers

B.thedefectspointedouttothecustomers

C.thedefectshavebeenpointedouttothecustomers

D.thedefectsbeingpointedouttothecustomers

【答案】D

【解析】考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語做狀語，起補(bǔ)充說明的作用。選項(xiàng)A，B，C結(jié)構(gòu)完整，如果放于句中缺少連詞，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

7.單選題

Ingeneral,matterswhichlieentirelywithinstatebordersarethe____concernofstategovernment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.extinct

B.excluding

C.excessive

D.exclusive

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析與上下文語義。A選項(xiàng)extinct“滅絕的”；B選項(xiàng)excluding“不包括”；C選項(xiàng)excessive“過多的，極度的”；D選項(xiàng)exclusive“獨(dú)有的；排外的”。句意：一般來說，完全在州界內(nèi)的事務(wù)是州政府的____關(guān)注。本句要表達(dá)的是，州界內(nèi)的事務(wù)是州政府應(yīng)該關(guān)注的事，D選項(xiàng)exclusive“獨(dú)有的；排外的”最符合句意。B選項(xiàng)excluding是介詞，原文缺少一個(gè)形容詞，排除。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。

8.單選題

ThePlanningCommissionassertsthattheneededreductioninacutecarehospitalbedscanbestbeaccomplishedbyclosingthesmallerhospitals,mainlyvoluntaryandproprietary.Thisstrategyfollowsfromtheargumentthatclosingentireinstitutionssavesmoremoneythanclosingtheequivalentnumberofbedsscatteredthroughoutthehealthsystem.

Theissueisnotthesimple.Largerhospitalsgenerallyaredesignedtoprovidemorecomplexcare.Routinecareatlargehospitalscostsmorethanthesamecaregivenatsmallerhospitals.Therefore,closureofallthesmallhospitalswouldcommitthecitytopayingconsiderablymoreforinpatientcaredeliveredatacutecarehospitalsthanwouldbethecasewithamixtureoflargeandsmallinstitutions.Sincereimbursementratesatthelargehospitalsarenowbasedontotalcosts,payingthelargeinstitutionsalowerrateforroutinecarewouldsimplyraisetheratesforcomplexcarebyacomparableamount.Suchareimbursementrateadjustmentmightmakethechargesforeachindividualcasemoreaccuratelyreflecttheactualcosts,buttherewouldbenoreductioninthetotalcosts.

Thereissomeevidencethatgianthospitalsarenotthemostefficient.Serviceorganizations—andmedicalcareremainslargelyaserviceindustry―frequentlyfindthatsavingsofscalehaveanupperlimit.Similarly,thequalityofroutinecareintheverylargesthospitalsappearstobelessthanoptimum.Also,theconcentrationofallhospitalbedsinafewlocationsmayaffecttheaccesstocare.

Thussimplyclosingthesmallerhospitalswillnotnecessarilysavemoneyorimprovethequalityofcare.

Sincethefactremainsthattherearetoomanyacutecarehospitalbedsinthecity,theproblemistodeviseaproperstrategyforselectingandurgingtheclosureoftheexcessbeds,howevermanyitmayturnouttobe.

Theclosingofwholebuildingswithinlargemedicalcentershadmanyofthecostadvantagesofclosingthewholeofsmallinstitutions,becausethefixedcostscanalsobereducedinsuchcases.Unfortunately,manyoftheseparatebuildingsatmedicalcentersarespecialusefacilities,therelocationofwhichisextremelycostly.Still,asearchshouldbemadeforsuchopportunities.

Thecurrentlackofadequateambulatorycarefacilitiesraisesanotherpossibility.Somefloorsorotherlargecompactareasofhospitalscouldbetransferredfrominpatienttoambulatoryuses.Reimbursementofambulatoryservicesischaotic,buttheproblemisbeingaddressed.Theoverheadassociatedwiththeentirehospitalshouldnotbechargedevenproratetotheambulatoryfacilities.Evenifitwere,thetotalcostwouldprobablybelessthanthatofbuildingofanewfacility.Manyotherissueswouldalsoneedstudy,especiallythepotentialover-centralizationofambulatoryservices.

ThePlanningCommissionlanguageseemstoimplythatonereasonforclosingsmallerhospitalsisthattheyare“mainlyvoluntaryandproprietary”,thus,preservingthepublichospitalsystembymakingtherestofthehospitalsystemabsorbtheneededcuts.Itisimportanttopreservethepublichospitalsystemformanyreasons,buttheissueshouldbefaceddirectlyandnothiddenbehindargumentsabouthospitalsizeifindeedthatwasthemeaning.

1.Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe（）.

2.ThePlanningCommissionisaccusedbytheauthorofbeing（）.

3.Theauthor’spurposeindiscussingambulatorycareisto（）.

4.Withwhichofthefollowingistheauthorleastlikelytoagree?

5.Howdoestheauthorfeelthathissuggestionsforclosinginpatientbedscouldimpactontheambulatorycaresystem?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.MaintainingAdequateHospitalFacilities

B.DefendingthePublicHospitals

C.ProtectingtheProprietaryandVoluntaryHospitals

D.EconomicEfficiencyinHospitalBedClosings

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.unfair

B.foolish

C.shortsighted

D.ignorant

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.discussalternativestoclosinghospitalbeds

B.presentamethodofreducingthefiscaldisadvantagesofclosingonlypartsoflargerhospitals

C.helppreservethepublichospitalsystem

D.attacktheinefficientuseofspaceonlargerhospitals

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Aproposaltosavecostsinaprisonsystembybuildingonlyverylargeprisoncomplexes.

B.Aplantostoptheclosingofanybedswhatsoeverinthecity,untilthecostsofvariousalternativescanbefullyconsidered.

C.Aproposalbyanarchitecturefirmthatnewhospitalbuildingshavecentralizedrecordsystem.

D.Amayoralcommissionbeingformedtostudytheplightoftheelderly.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Ambulatorycarecostswillprobablybereduced.

B.Areductionofhospitalbedswillincreasethedemandforambulatoryservices.

C.Smallerhospitalswillhavetocutbackambulatoryservicestostayfiscallyviable.

D.Theuseasambulatoryfacilitiesofthespacemadeavailableinlargehospitalsbybedclosingsmightresultinhavingtoomanyambulatoryservicesbasedinlargehospitals.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題解析】主旨大意題。由題干可以定位到原文首段主旨句“ThePlanningCommissionassertsthattheneededreductioninacutecarehospitalbedscanbestbeaccomplishedbyclosingthesmallerhospitals,mainlyvoluntaryandproprietary.”中文翻譯為：規(guī)劃委員會(huì)聲稱醫(yī)院急癥護(hù)理床位所需的減少能最好地通過關(guān)閉較小的醫(yī)院（主要是慈善和私立醫(yī)院）來完成。結(jié)合后文，D選項(xiàng)“醫(yī)院床位關(guān)閉的經(jīng)濟(jì)效率”符合題意。

2.【試題解析】推理判斷題。A:unfair“不公平的”；B:foolish“愚蠢的”；C:shortsighted“目光短淺的”；D:ignorant“無知的”。通讀全文可知，規(guī)劃委員會(huì)主張關(guān)閉一些小型醫(yī)院，而作者分析了直接關(guān)閉一些小型醫(yī)院這一方案存在的弊端，并提出了可供選擇的合理的解決方法，因此判斷出答案為C。

3.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞ambulatorycare可以定位到文章第七段“Thecurrentlackofadequateambulatorycarefacilitiesraisedanotherpossibility.”中文翻譯為：目前合適的門診醫(yī)療設(shè)備的缺乏提供了另外一種可能，以及原文第六段“Unfortunately,manyoftheseparatebuildingsatmedicalcentersarespecialusefacilities,therelocationofwhichisextremelycostly.Still,asearchshouldbemadeforsuchopportunities.”中文翻譯為：不幸的是，醫(yī)療中心的很多獨(dú)立的建筑都有其特殊的職能，改變這些建筑成本將會(huì)非常高。但還是需要去尋求這樣的機(jī)會(huì)?？芍鸢笧锽項(xiàng)“提出減少僅僅關(guān)閉大醫(yī)院中的部分區(qū)域的財(cái)政劣勢(shì)的方法”。

4.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第二段“Routinecareatlargehospitalscostsmorethanthesamecaregivenatsmallerhospitals.”中文翻譯為：大醫(yī)院的常規(guī)護(hù)理費(fèi)用會(huì)高于小醫(yī)院?！笨梢耘袛郃項(xiàng)“一項(xiàng)通過只是修建超大型監(jiān)獄綜合設(shè)施來節(jié)省監(jiān)獄系統(tǒng)成本的提議”和作者觀點(diǎn)有悖，故選A。

5.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到原文倒數(shù)第二段“Manyotherissueswouldalsoneedstudy,especiallythepotentialover-centralizationofambulatoryservices.”中文翻譯為：很多其他問題也需要研究，尤其是非臥床醫(yī)療服務(wù)的潛在過度集中?？芍鸢笧镈“將因關(guān)閉床位而在大醫(yī)院空出來的空間用作流動(dòng)性設(shè)施可能導(dǎo)致很多流動(dòng)服務(wù)設(shè)立在大醫(yī)院中”。

9.單選題

Rumorsareeverywhere,spreadingfear,damagingreputations,andturningcalmsituationsinto（）ones.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.turbulent

B.tragic

C.vulnerable

D.suspicious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。turbulent“動(dòng)蕩，湍流的”；tragic“悲劇的，悲痛的”；vulnerable“易受攻擊的”；suspicious“可疑的，懷疑的”。句意：謠言到處都是,恐懼蔓延,損害的聲譽(yù),并讓平靜的情形陷入動(dòng)蕩中。A項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.單選題

Theseconddistinguishingcharacteristicofjazzisarhythmicdrivethatwas____called“hot”andlater“swing”.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shortly

B.initially

C.actually

D.literally

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.shortly立刻；短暫的B.initially起初

C.actually實(shí)際上D.literally簡(jiǎn)直；字面上

【考查點(diǎn)】句間邏輯

【解題思路】空格部分的內(nèi)容為“____被叫作‘熱’”，根據(jù)后文“后來（later）被叫作‘搖擺’”中l(wèi)ater可知，該句表達(dá)的是前后變化，前者應(yīng)為以前的名字，B選項(xiàng)initially“起初”符合原句邏輯。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合原句邏輯。

【句意】爵士樂的第二個(gè)顯著特征是一種節(jié)奏驅(qū)動(dòng)，最開始稱之為“熱”，后來稱為“搖擺”。

11.單選題

Lastnighthesawtwodark______enterthebuilding,andthentherewastheexplosion.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.features

B.figures

C.sketches

D.images

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.features特征B.figures（代表數(shù)量，尤指官方資料中的）數(shù)字；人物；（隱約可見的）人影

C.sketches素描；速寫D.images形象；印象

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)后半句“然后就發(fā)生了爆炸”可推知，大樓爆炸是人為的，所以dark______表示“黑色的人影”，故該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】昨晚他看到兩個(gè)黑影進(jìn)入大樓，然后就發(fā)生了爆炸。

12.單選題

Courageouspeoplethinkquicklyandactwithouthesitation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.delay

B.anxiety

C.complaint

D.consideration

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.delay延遲B.anxiety焦慮

C.complaint抱怨D.consideration考慮

【考查點(diǎn)】句間邏輯

【解題思路】本句的對(duì)象是“勇敢的人”，and并列兩個(gè)短語，前后語義應(yīng)一致。前者為“思考迅速（thinkquickly）”，后者為“行動(dòng)沒有____”。根據(jù)前者“思考迅速”推斷，后者應(yīng)該是行動(dòng)迅速，沒有遲疑，原詞hesitation“猶豫”，因此，A選項(xiàng)delay“延遲”與原詞最接近。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合原文語義邏輯。

【句意】勇敢的人思考迅速，行動(dòng)毫不猶豫。

13.單選題

Thedirectionswereso（）thatitwasimpossibletocompletetheassignment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ingenious

B.notorious

C.ambitious

D.ambiguous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ingenious“機(jī)靈的；心靈手巧的”；B選項(xiàng)notorious“聲名狼藉的；臭名昭著的”；C選項(xiàng)ambitious“有雄心的；野心勃勃的”；D選項(xiàng)ambiguous“模糊不清的；模棱兩可的”。句意：這些指示太不明確了，以致不可能完成任務(wù)。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.單選題

CrowdcontrolcouldsoonbecomeacrucialskillforclimbersonMountEverest,asimportantasphysicalstrengthorwatchingtheweather.Inasingledaylastweek,nearly40peoplereachedthetopoftheworld—arecord.Reportssentbysatellitetelephonefrombasecampspokeofqueuesatdangerousridgesandcrowdedaspeoplepassedeachotherinthefinaldashforthe8,848meters(29,129ft)summit.

Moretraditionalmountaineerssneer(嘲笑)atthecircusatmospheresurroundingEverestinrecentyears,andtherearewarningsthatthecrowdsaremakingthemountainmoredangerous.Overcrowdinghasalreadytakenitstoll.In1996,14diedonthemountainwhenthemembersofseveralexpeditionsweretrappedathighaltitudesbysuddensnowstorm.BadweatherinearlyMayledtothisyear’sjamonthesummitridge,butthetoll,luckily,waslight.Justfourclimbersdied,includingaNepaliSherpawhohadmade11previoussuccessfulclimbing.

Traditionalistsarealsoworriedaboutthegrowingtendencyofexpeditionstosetrecordsandachieve“firsts”,ratherthansimplyclimbthemountain.Thisyear’scropofsummiteersincludedtheoldestman,64-year-oIdShermanBullfromConnecticut,andtheyoungest:16-year-oldTembaTsheriSherpaofNepal.AnAmericanwithonlyonearmwasonthemountainthisyear;anIndianwithnolegsalsotriedbuttonoavail.Inthemostspectacularfeat,ErikWeihenmeyer,anAmerican,becamethefirstblindpersontoreachthetopoftheworld.Hisfellowclimbersstayedinfrontofhimonthewayup,describingtheterrainandringingbells.

NepalviewsMountEverestassomethingofacashcow;thegovernmentchargesexpeditionsaminimumof$70,000.ThatisprobablywhyofficialsinKatmanduareignoringconcernsaboutovercrowdingandtalkingaboutevenmoreclimberscomingnextyear.Butacelebrationofthe48thanniversaryofthefirstconquestofEverest,bySirEdmundHillaryandSherpaTenzingNorgay,wascancelledafterviolentstrikes,calledbytheCommunistopposition.Retuningclimberswhothoughttheirchallengewasoverhadtowalkfromhoteltoairportsotheycouldflyhometotheusualtriumphalwelcome.TumultuousNepalipolitics,itseems,couldbejustthecrowd-controlmeasurethatEverestneeds.

1.WhatisimportanttoclimbersonMountEverest?

2.Moreaccidentshavehappenedinrecentyearsdueto（

）.

3.Severalsummiteersarementionedinthethirdparagraphtoshow

（

）.

4.TheattitudeoftheNepaligovernmenttowardthecircusatmosphereis

（

）.

5.AnanniversarycelebrationofthefirstconquestofEverestwascancelleddueto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Watchingtheweather.

B.Makingafinaldash.

C.Psychologicaladjustment.

D.Groupmanagement.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.badgeographicalconditions

B.carelessnessoftheclimbers

C.overcrowding

D.snowstorms

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theircourage

B.theirdiversity

C.theirgreatachievements

D.theircommonmotivation

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.indifferent

B.welcoming

C.worried

D.concerned

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.overcrowding

B.politicalreasons

C.thereturningoftheclimbers

D.thelackofcrowd-controlmeasure

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞importanttoclimbers定位到文章第一段中，由第一段第一句CrowdcontrolcouldsoonbecomeacrucialskillforclimbersonMountEverest,asimportantasphysicalstrengthorwatchingtheweather（人群控制很快就會(huì)成為珠穆朗瑪峰登山者的一項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵技能，與身體素質(zhì)和觀察天氣一樣重要）可知身體素質(zhì)與觀察天氣對(duì)登山者很重要，因此選A。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞accidents定位至文章第二段中，由第一段第一二句MoretraditionalmountaineerssneeratthecircusatmospheresurroundingEverestinrecentyears,andtherearewarningsthatthecrowdsaremakingthemountainmoredangerous.Overcrowdinghasalreadytakenitstoll.（近年來，越來越多的傳統(tǒng)登山者嘲笑珠穆朗瑪峰周圍的氣氛，并警告說，人群正在使珠穆朗瑪峰變得更加危險(xiǎn)。過度擁擠已經(jīng)造成了損失）可知C選項(xiàng)“過度擁擠”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中的Traditionalistsarealsoworriedaboutthegrowingtendencyofexpeditionstosetrecordsandachieve“firsts”，ratherthansimplyclimbthemountain.（傳統(tǒng)主義者也擔(dān)心探險(xiǎn)隊(duì)越來越傾向于創(chuàng)造記錄并取得“第一”，而不是簡(jiǎn)單地爬山）可推測(cè)后面所舉的Severalsummiteers例子是為了說明他們的動(dòng)機(jī)，因此選D。

4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題?！皌hecircusatmosphere（馬戲團(tuán)氣氛）”暗指“人群擁擠”。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Nepali定位到文章最后一段中，由NepalviewsMountEverestassomethingofacashcow;thegovernmentchargesexpeditionsaminimumof$70,000.ThatisprobablywhyofficialsinKatmanduareignoringconcernsaboutovercrowdingandtalkingaboutevenmoreclimberscomingnextyear.（尼泊爾將珠穆朗瑪峰視為搖錢樹；政府對(duì)探險(xiǎn)的收費(fèi)最低為7萬美元。這可能就是加德滿都官員忽視了過度擁擠的擔(dān)憂，并談?wù)撁髂陮⒂懈嗟巧秸叩絹淼脑颍┛芍岵礌栒畬⒅槟吕尸敺瀹?dāng)作賺錢的工具，對(duì)人群過度擁擠的問題視而不見，因此A選項(xiàng)“漠不關(guān)心的”符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞thefirstconquestofEverest定位到文章最后一段中，由Butacelebrationofthe48thanniversaryofthefirstconquestofEverest,bySirEdmundHillaryandSherpaTenzingNorgay,wascancelledafterviolentstrikes（但SirEdmundHillary和SherpaTenzingNorgay舉行的第一次征服珠穆朗瑪峰48周年紀(jì)念活動(dòng)，在暴力襲擊后被取消）和TumultuousNepalipolitics,itseems,couldbejustthecrowd-controlmeasurethatEverestneeds.（混亂的尼泊爾政治，似乎只是珠穆朗瑪峰需要的人群控制措施）可知取消的原因是violentstrikes，結(jié)合本文一直提及的“人群擁擠”問題，可推測(cè)violentstrikes指的是“過度擁擠”，因此選A。

15.單選題

Therewasabigholeintheroadwhich（

）thetraffic.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.setback

B.stoodback

C.heldup

D.keptdown

【答案】C

【解析】詞組辨析題。setback推遲，使...受挫折；standback退后；holdup舉起，阻擋，攔截；keepdown控制，鎮(zhèn)壓。

句意：路上有個(gè)大坑，阻礙了交通。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

16.單選題

Themanager,（

）alettertohissecretary.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pledged

B.conveyed

C.surveyed

D.dictated

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。pledge意為“保證，誓言”；convey意為“傳達(dá)，傳遞”；survey意為“調(diào)查”；dictate意為“口述”。

句意：經(jīng)理向秘書口授一封信。

17.翻譯題

(1)Inmanyofthecountriesstrugglingtofindenoughwaterfortheirpopulations,itisthegovernmentthatistoblame,notgeographyaccordingtoareportoutthisweek.

(2)SeveralrecentUNstudiesshowthatlackofwaterisholdingbackfoodproductionandeconomicdevelopmentinmoreandmoreregionsaroundtheworld.AccordingtotheUNEnvironmentProgram,athirdoftheplanetwillfacewatershortagesby2025.

ButCarolineSullivan,headofwaterpolicyandmanagementatBritain’sCentreforEcologyandHydrology(CEH)inWallingford,Oxfordshire,saystheseproblemsareoftenofacountry’sownmaking.(3)“Itiseasyforgovernmentstoblamegeographywhentheproblemisusuallytheirownfailings.”Shesays.Unlesstheyrealizethis,theywillhavenochanceofachievingthegoalagreedatthisyear’sWorldSummitofhalvingthenumberofpeoplewithoutaccesstocleandrinkingwaterby2015,sheadds.

SullivanisthechiefauthoroftheWaterPovertyIndex,publishedthisweekbytheCEHTheindex,whichwasputtogetherwithSullivan’scolleaguesatthewaterpolicythinktanktheWorldWaterCouncil,rankscountriesbyhowefficientlytheyconserve,useanddeliverwatertothosewhoneedit.

(4)Itrevealsasharpcontrastbetweencountriesthatmanagetheirwaterwellandthosethatdon’t.HaitiandtheDominicanRepublicsharethesameCaribbeanisland,andhavesimilarpopulationsandaccesstosimilaramountsofWater.YetwhiletheDominicanRepublicappearsinthetophalfoftheindex,Haitisufferslastoutofthe147countriesassessed.

Onereasonispoverty,butHaitihasalsochoppeddownitsforest,causing20%muchsoilerosionthatrainfallrunsintotheseainflashfloodsratherthansoakingintothesoilandsupplementingaquifers(地下蓄水層).

Notallrichnationsfarewellintheindex.(5)TheU.S.andJapancome32ndand36threspectively,largelybecausethewaytheycollectandusewateriswastefulanddamagestheenvironment.Australiaranked44th,whileBritainisin11thplace.“Therealcrisisisnottheamountofwater.It’s