考研考博-英語-北京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

NowtheythinkthattheirviewsaboutthepresidentandhispoliciesonIraq,globalwarmingorunilateralismhaveallbeen_______,sowhykeepranting?

問題1選項

A.treacherous

B.fraudulent

C.avenged

D.vindicated

【答案】D

【解析】treacherous背叛的，奸詐的；fraudulent欺騙性的；avenged報復(fù)，報仇；vindicate證明...正確，維護。句意：現(xiàn)在他們認為，他們對總統(tǒng)及其在伊拉克，全球變暖或單邊主義政策的問題上的看法，都被證明是正確的，那他們?yōu)槭裁催€這么義憤填膺呢？選項D符合句意。

2.單選題

Priortotheelection,thecandidatehadpromisedtoimprovethelivingconditionsoftheworkers.

問題1選項

A.Until

B.Dueto

C.Considering

D.Before

【答案】D

【解析】考查介詞辨析。A選項Until“直到……為止”；B選項Dueto“由于”；C選項Considering“考慮到”；D選項Before“在……之前”。句意：在選舉之前，這位候選人曾承諾要改善工人的生活條件。劃線部分Priorto是在……之前的意思。因此D選項正確。

3.單選題

（

）inIndia,thebananawasbroughttotheAmericasbythePortuguesewhofounditinAfrica.

問題1選項

A.Originallycultivated

B.Originallybeingcultivated

C.Havingoriginallycultivated

D.Althoughitoriginallycultivated

【答案】A

【解析】考查過去分詞的用法。句子的主語時thebanana，從四個選項可知cultivate是一個關(guān)鍵詞，其與thebanana的關(guān)系是被動關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)該用被動語態(tài)，選項C與D可以排除。主句中用的時態(tài)是was過去時，因此可以排除選項B。選項A符合題意。

4.單選題

MillionsofAmericanstakelargeamountsofvitaminCpillseverydaybecausetheybelievethevitaminwillhelpthemstayhealthy.However,anewstudysaysvitaminCmayhelpproducesubstancesthatcandamageDNA.ScientistsattheUniversityofPennsylvaniaexperimentedwithvitaminCintesttubes.TheystudiedtheeffectsofvitaminConasubstanceproducedinthebodyfromfat.Thatsubstanceiscalledhydro-peroxide（過氧化氫物）,whichcanbechangedinacellintosubstancesthatcandamageDNA.ThescientistsfoundthatvitaminCeasilychangedthehydro-peroxideintothegene-damagingpoisons.Suchdamageisthefirststeptowarddevelopingcancer.

However,thescientistssaythestudydoesnotmeanthatvitaminCcausescancer.Theysayitiswell-knownthatvitaminCisimportantforhumanhealth,butpeoplecangetenoughvitaminCinthefoodstheyeat.Earlierstudieshaveshownthateatingalotoffruits,vegetablesandgrainscanreducethechanceofdevelopingbothheartdiseaseandcancer.

OtherresearchersagreethatthelateststudyisimportantinunderstandingthechemistryofvitaminC.Buttheysaythestudydidnotinvolvepeople.ThevitaminCwastestedinthelaboratoryonly.Theythinktheresultsmightbedifferentinlivingcells.

MarkLevineisavitaminCexpertwhoquestionswhetherasimilarstudyinpeoplewouldproducethesameresults.HealsosayspeopleshouldgettheirvitaminCinfoodinsteadoftakinghugeamountsinpillstostayhealthy,andresearchdoesnotsupporttakingalotofvitaminC.

TheUnitedStatesgovernmentsayspeopleshouldgetabouteightymilligramsofvitaminCeachdayinthefoodstheyeat.StudieshaveshownthatthebodycannotusemorethantwohundredmilligramsofvitaminCeachday.MedicalresearcherssaythattakingvitaminCpillscannotreplacethevalueofeatinghealthyfoods.

1.Whatdoesthispassagemainlydiscuss?

2.WhichoneisNottrueabouttheeffectofVCaccordingtothepassage?

3.Whatdoestheauthorimplywhenhementions“l(fā)ivingcells”inParagraph3?

4.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaboutthescientists’research?

5.TakingalotofVC（

）.

問題1選項

A.TakingalargeamountofVCwilldogoodtohealth.

B.TakingtoomuchVCpillseverydayisnotgoodforhealth.

C.PeopleshouldtakeasmuchVCaspossible.

D.ItisnotnecessaryatalltotakeVCpills.

問題2選項

A.Itisimportantforhumanhealth

B.ItmayhelpproducesubstancesthatcandamageDNA

C.Itcausescancer

D.VCinfoodscanreducethechanceofdevelopingheartdiseaseandcancer

問題3選項

A.Theresearchhasinvolvedlivingcreatures.

B.Theresultsfromthelabtestmightnotalwaysbereliable.

C.Ifitistestedinlivingbodytheresultswillbethesame.

D.ThechemistryofVCisliving.

問題4選項

A.ThescientistsexperimentedwithVCintesttubes.

B.Theresearchdidn’tinvolvepeople.

C.VCwastestedinthelabonly.

D.MarkLevinedidtheexperimentinvolvingpeople.

問題5選項

A.issupportedbyVCexpert

B.isencouragedbytheU.S.government

C.isagreedbymedicalresearchers

D.isdisapprovedbymanyscientists

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知，美國人每天服用大量的維生素C藥片，一項新的研究表明維生素C會產(chǎn)生破壞DNA的物質(zhì)。由此可知，不能大量的攝入維生素C，所以選項A和C錯誤；再根據(jù)第二段第二句“itiswell-knownthatvitaminCisimportantforhumanhealth.”眾所周知，維生素C對人體健康很重要，所以不攝入維生素C也是不行的，選項D錯誤；只有選項B正確。所以本題選B。

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“thescientistssaythestudydoesnotmeanthatvitaminCcausescancer.”科學(xué)家說，這項研究并不意味著維生素C會導(dǎo)致癌癥。所以選項C不屬于維生素C的效果。根據(jù)上一題可知選項A和B均正確；根據(jù)第二段最后一句“eatingalotoffruits,vegetablesandgrainscanreducethechanceofdevelopingbothheartdiseaseandcancer.”可知選項D也表述正確。

第3題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“l(fā)ivingcells”定位到第三段最后一句，結(jié)合上下文的句意：“但是他們（研究人員）說這項研究并沒有涉及人。維生素A只是在實驗室里進行測試，如果在活細胞中實驗的話結(jié)果可能會不同?！庇纱丝赏茢啵髡呤窍氚凳緦嶒灥慕Y(jié)果并不總是可靠的。所以選項B正確。選項A和C均不符合原文；選項D在文中沒有提及。

第4題:細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段第三句“ScientistsattheUniversityofPennsylvaniaexperimentedwithvitaminCintesttubes.”可知選項A正確；根據(jù)第三段最后兩句“ThevitaminCwastestedinthelaboratoryonly.Theythinktheresultsmightbedifferentinlivingcells.”可知選項B和C均正確；根據(jù)第四段第一句“MarkLevineisavitaminCexpertwhoquestionswhetherasimilarstudyinpeoplewouldproducethesameresults.”MarkLevine是質(zhì)疑在人體上進行類似的研究是否會產(chǎn)生相同的結(jié)果，而不是做了涉及人體的實驗，所以只有選項D不正確。

第5題:細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“researchdoesnotsupporttakingalotofvitaminC.”研究不支持人們服用大量維生素C。選項中“support，encourage，agree”都表示肯定，同意的意思，只有選項D中的“disapprove”屬于不贊成，不同意，所以選項D為正確答案。

5.單選題

Theappearanceofthisusedcarisquite（

）,anditismuchnewerthanitreallyis.

問題1選項

A.descriptive

B.impressive

C.deceptive

D.indicative

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。Descriptive“描述性的”；impressive“令人印象深刻的”；deceptive“欺騙性的，迷惑的”；indicative“指示的”。根據(jù)句意“這輛舊車看起來比實際上要新”可知前文是說車的外表有迷惑性，所以選項C符合題意。

6.單選題

Inthepast,consumerswereoftencheatedor()intobuyinggoodsbybusinessfirmsandtheycouldhardlydoanythingaboutit.

問題1選項

A.confused

B.misled

C.forced

D.puzzled

【答案】B

【解析】confused使迷惑；misled誤導(dǎo)；forced被迫，強迫；puzzled使困惑。句意：在過去，消費者經(jīng)常被商業(yè)公司欺騙或誤導(dǎo)而購買商品，他們對此幾乎無能為力。選項B符合句意。

7.單選題

Immigrantsofallracesinthisareaaredemandingthattheyreceive()treatmentfromtheauthorities.

問題1選項

A.unique

B.united

C.uniform

D.universal

【答案】C

【解析】句意：這個地區(qū)所有種族的移民都要求得到當(dāng)局的統(tǒng)一對待。unique獨一無二的；united團結(jié)的，統(tǒng)一的；uniform一致的，相同的；universal普遍的，通用的。選項C符合句意。

8.單選題

Asapersonwhocombinescarewith_________,Marisacompletedherdutieswith__________aswellaszeal.

問題1選項

A.levity…resignation

B.enthusiasm…meticulousness

C.vitality…willingness

D.empathy…rigor

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。levity“多變，輕浮”；resignation“辭職，放棄”；enthusiasm“熱情，積極性”；meticulousness“謹小慎微”；vitality“活力，生氣”；willingness“意愿，樂意”；empathy“同感，共鳴”；rigor“嚴厲，精確”。句意：作為一個既謹慎又積極的人，瑪麗莎細致而又熱情地完成了她的職責(zé)。選項B符合題意。

9.單選題

Herfacewasafair（）toherdisposition.

問題1選項

A.mark

B.indication

C.preface

D.index.

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:mark“斑點；記號；成績”；B:indication“指示；象征”；C:preface“序言，引語”；D:index“索引；＜數(shù)＞指數(shù)；指示；標志”。句意：她的臉是顯示她氣質(zhì)的一個很好的指標。根據(jù)語境和句意，D選項正確。

10.單選題

Ifwedonotadopturgentmeasures,manyspecieswillbe（）inthenearfuture.

問題1選項

A.distinguished

B.extinguished

C.distinct

D.extinct

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。distinguished“卓越的，著名的”；extinguished“熄滅的”；distinct“明顯的”，形容詞；extinct“滅絕的”。句子的主語是“物種”，因此選項D符合題意。

11.單選題

Amongdifferentkindsofmonkeys,itisthechimpanzeethathasinterestedscientists

.

問題1選項

A.best

B.most

C.themost

D.mostly

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞辨析。句意：在不同種類的猴子中，讓科學(xué)家最感興趣的是黑猩猩?？崭裉幮枰钊胍粋€表示“最，非?！钡脑~，因此選項B符合題意。

12.翻譯題

Ihavealwaysdislikedbeingaman.1.ThewholeideaofmanhoodinAmericaispitiful,inmyopinion.Eventheexpression“Beaman!”strikesmeasinsultingandabusive.Itmeans:Bestupid,beunfeeling,obedient,soldierlyandstopthinking.Manmeans“manly”—howcanonethinkaboutmenwithoutconsideringtheterribleambitionofmanliness?Andyetitispartofeveryman’slife.Itisahideousandcripplinglie;itnotonlyinsistsondifferenceandconnivesatsuperiority,itisalsobyitsverynaturedestructive—emotionallydamagingandsociallyharmful.

Itisveryhardtoimagineanyconceptofmanlinessthatdoesnotbelittlewomen,anditbeginsveryearly.AtanagewhenIwantedtomeetgirls—let’ssaythetreacherousyearsofthirteentosixteen—Iwastoldtotakeupasport,getmorefreshair,andIwasurgednottoreadsomuch.Ifyouaskedtoomanyquestionsaboutsexyouweresenttocamp—aboy’scamp,ofcourse:thenightmare.Nothingismoreunnaturalorprison-likethanaboy’scamp.

2.ItoughttobeclearbynowthatIhavesomethingofanobjectiontothewayweturnboysintomen.ItdoesnotsurprisemethatwhenthePresidentoftheUnitedStateshashiscustomaryweekendoffhedresseslikeacowboy—itisbothameasureofhisinsecurityandhiswillingnesstoplease.Inmanyways,AmericanculturedoeslittlemoreforamanthanpreparehimformodelingclothesintheL.L.Beancatalogue.

Therewasafearthatwritingwasnotamanlyprofession-indeed,notaprofessionatall.TheparadoxinAmericanlettersisthatithasalwaysbeeneasierforawomantowriteandforamantobepublished.3.Writingisonlymanlywhenitproduceswealth—moneyismasculinity.Soisdrinking,particularlytheabilitytodrinkanothermanunderthetable.AmaninAmericahastokilllions,huntducks,andcarryenoughknivesandgunsonhisshoulders,toprovethatheisjustasmuchamonsterasthenextman.Everythinginstereotypedmanlinessgoesagainstthelifeofthemind.

4.Therewouldbenopointinsayinganyofthisifitwerenotgenerallyacceptedthattobeamanissomehow—evennowinfeminist-influencedAmerica—aprivilege.Itisonthecontraryanunmercifulandpunishingburden.Beingamanisbadenough;beingmanlyisappalling.Itisthesinistersillinessofmen’sfashions,andaclubbyattitudeinthearts.Itisthesubversionofgoodstudents.Itistheso-called“DressCode”oftheRitz-CarltonHotelinBoston,anditistheinstitutionalizedcheatingincollegesports.Itisthemostprimitiveinsecurity.

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage,andthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsnumberedfrom(1)to(4),fromEnglishintoChinese.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】1.在我看來，美國的整個男子漢思想是很可憐的。就連“做個男子漢！”這樣的表達也讓我覺得是一種侮辱和謾罵。它意味著愚蠢、冷酷、順從、像士兵一樣魯莽，還指不愿意思考。男人意味著“有男子氣概”——人們在思考男人的時候怎么能不考慮男子氣概的可怕野心呢？

2.我有點反對我們把男孩變成男人的方式。到目前為止，這一點應(yīng)該十分清楚。我絲毫不感到奇怪，美國總統(tǒng)在周末例行休假的時候，把自己打扮成牛仔——這既說明他沒有安全感又說明他想討好別人。

3.寫作只有在產(chǎn)生財富時才有男人味。有錢才有男人味。酗酒也意味著男人味，讓另一個男人喝趴下的能力尤其如此。美國男人必須捕殺獅子、獵取野鴨、肩上扛滿刀槍，以證明他像別的男人一樣殘忍?？贪逵∠笾心腥藲飧诺囊磺卸疾焕谛闹巧?。

4.即便是在受女權(quán)主義影響的美國，做男人也是一種特權(quán)。如果不是由于這種觀念被世人廣為認同，那談上述情況就毫無意義了。相反，做男人是一個過重的、帶有懲罰性質(zhì)的負擔(dān)。身為男人糟糕透頂，有男子氣概則讓人心驚膽戰(zhàn)。

13.單選題

Butcellphoneshadbeenaroundfor15yearsbeforetheycaughtonwith_______America.Bythatyardstick,broadband—widelyavailableforonlythepastcoupleofyears—hasmanymoremilestogo.

問題1選項

A.main-topmast

B.mainstay

C.mainartery

D.mainstream

【答案】D

【解析】main-topmast[航海]主桅中桅；mainstay中流砥柱；mainartery主要干線；mainstream主流。句意：在手機成為美國主流之前，它已經(jīng)存在了15年。按照這個標準，寬帶還有很長的路要走——寬帶僅在過去幾年才普及。選項D符合句意。

14.單選題

Heleftthehouse______unawarethathewasstillwearinghispajamas.

問題1選項

A.assiduously

B.blithely

C.perfunctorily

D.domestically

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A項assiduously“刻苦地，勤勉地”，B項blithely“快活地，無憂無慮地”，C項perfunctorily“敷衍地，潦草地，表面地”，D項domestically“國內(nèi)地，家庭式地，適合國內(nèi)地”。由句子意思“他離開了家_______沒有意識到他還穿著睡衣”可知，空格處應(yīng)該填入副詞修飾unaware，四個選項中只有C項符合語境。句意：他若無其事地離開了家，沒有意識到他還穿著睡衣。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

15.單選題

Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Deteriorationinthequalityofnewmusic.

B.Insightsintothefeaturesofgoodmusic.

C.Olderpeople’schangingmusicaltastes.

D.Olderpeople’saversiontonewmusic.

問題2選項

A.Theynolongerlistentonewmusic.

B.Theyfindallmusicsoundsthesame.

C.Theycanmakesubtledistinctionsaboutmusic.

D.Theyseldomlistentosongsreleasedintheirteens.

問題3選項

A.Themoreyouareexposedtosomething,themorefamiliarit’llbetoyou.

B.Themoreyouareexposedtosomething,thedeeperyou’llunderstandit.

C.Themoreyouexperiencesomething,thelongeryou’llrememberit.

D.Themoreyouexperiencesomething,thebetteryou’llappreciateit.

問題4選項

A.Teenagers’memoriesaremorelasting.

B.Teenagers’emotionsaremoreintense.

C.Teenagersaremuchmoresensitive.

D.Teenagersaremuchmoresentimental.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】RecordingThree

[22]Whydooldpeopledislikenewmusic?AsI’vegrownolder,Ioftenhearpeoplemyagesaythingsliketheyjustdon’tmakegoodmusicliketheyusedto.Whydoesthishappen?Luckily,psychologycangiveussomeinsightsintothispuzzle.Musicaltastesbegintocrystallizeasearlyasage13or14.Bythetimewe’reinourearly20s,thesetastesgetlockedintoplaceprettyfirmly.

[23]Infact,studieshavefoundthatbythetimeweturn33,mostofushavestoppedlisteningtonewmusic.Meanwhile,popularsongsreleasedwhenyou’reinyourearlyteensarelikelytoremainquitepopularamongyouragegroupfortherestofyourlife.

Therecouldbeabiologicalexplanationforthis,asthere’sevidencethatthebrain’sabilitytomakesubtledistinctionsbetweendifferentchords,rhythms,andmelodiesdeteriorateswithage.Sotoolderpeople,newer,lessfamiliarsongsmightall“soundthesame”.

[22]Butthere’remaybesomesimplerreasonsforolderpeople’saversiontonewermusic.[24]Oneofthemostresearchedlawsofsocialpsychologyissomethingcalledthe“mereexposureeffect”,whichinessencemeansthatthemorewe’reexposedtosomething,themorewetendtolikeit.

Thishappenswithpeopleweknow,theadvertisementswesee,andthesongswelistento.

Whenyou’reinyourearlyteens,youprobablyspendafairamountoftimelisteningtomusicorwatchingmusicvideos.Yourfavoritesongsandartistsbecomefamiliar,comfortingpartsofyourroutine.Formanypeopleover30,jobandfamilyobligationsincrease,sothere’slesstimetospenddiscoveringnewmusic.Instead,manywillsimplylistentoold,familiarfavoritesfromthatperiodoftheirliveswhentheyhadmorefreetime.

Ofcourse,thoseteenyearsweren’tnecessarilycarefree.They’refamouslyconfusing,whichiswhysomanyTVshowsandmoviesrevolvearoundthehighschoolturmoil.

[25]Psychologyresearchhasshownthattheemotionsthatweexperienceasteensseemmoreintensethanthosethatcomelater.Andwealsoknowthatintenseemotionsareassociatedwithstrongermemoriesandpreferences.Bothofthesemightexplainwhythesongswelistentoduringthisperiodbecomesomemorableandbeloved.

Sothere’snothingwrongwithyourparentsbecausetheydon’tlikeyourmusic.Rather,it’sallpartofthenaturalorderofthings.

22.Whatdoesthespeakermainlydiscussinthistalk?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問說話者在這次演講中主要討論了什么？錄音開頭就提出為什么老年人不喜歡新音樂的問題，后來提到也許還有一些更簡單的原因?qū)е吕夏耆藢π乱魳返姆锤?。因此D選項“老年人對新音樂的反感”正確。A選項“新音樂質(zhì)量的下降”、B選項“對好音樂特點的洞察”以及C選項“老年人不斷變化的音樂品味”均不是這次演講討論的主要內(nèi)容，因此排除。

23.Whathavestudiesfoundaboutmostpeoplebythetimetheyturned33?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于大多數(shù)到了33歲的人，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么？錄音提到，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在我們到了33歲的時候，我們中的大多數(shù)人已經(jīng)不再聽新音樂了。A選項中的nolonger是原文stopped的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，因此A選項“他們不再聽新音樂”正確。B選項“他們覺得所有音樂都一樣”表述過于絕對，原文中說的是上了年紀的人覺得較新的、較不熟悉的音樂聽上去都一樣，并不是所有的音樂，因此B選項排除；C選項“他們能對音樂進行細微的區(qū)分”，與原文表述恰好相反，錄音提到的是隨著年齡的增長，大腦對不同和弦、節(jié)奏和旋律進行微妙區(qū)分的能力會退化，因此C選項錯誤；D選項“他們很少聽十幾歲時發(fā)行的歌曲”表述錯誤，錄音中提及，在你十幾歲的時候發(fā)布的流行歌曲，很可能在你的余生中，在你的同齡人中仍然非常受歡迎，因此D選項也可排除。

24.Whatdowelearnfromoneofthemostresearchedlawsofsocialpsychology?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問從社會心理學(xué)中被研究得最多的一個規(guī)律中，我們能學(xué)到什么？錄音中提及，社會心理學(xué)研究最多的定律之一是“純粹接觸效應(yīng)”的東西，從本質(zhì)上說，這意味著我們越接觸某樣?xùn)|西，我們越傾向于喜歡它。D選項“你對某事物感受得越多，你就越喜歡它”是對錄音原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，因此正確。A選項“你接觸某事物越多，你對它就越熟悉”；B選項“你接觸某事物越多，你就會對它理解得越深刻”以及C選項“你對某事物感受得越多，你記住它的時間就越長”均不正確。

25.Whatmightexplainthefactthatsongspeoplelistentointheirteenyearsarememorableandbeloved?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問人們在青少年時期所聽的歌曲都是他們難忘的、喜愛的，這可能是什么原因？錄音提到，心理學(xué)研究表明，我們在青少年時期所經(jīng)歷的情緒似乎比后來的情緒更加強烈。而且我們還知道，強烈的情緒與更強的記憶和喜好有關(guān)。這兩點或許可以解釋為什么我們在這一時期聽的歌曲會變得如此令人難忘和深受喜愛。因此B選項“青少年的情緒更強烈”正確。A選項“青少年的記憶更持久”；C選項“青少年更敏感”和D選項“青少年更多愁善感”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，因此排除。

16.單選題

Imissedthelastflight,anddecided（

）tostaythenightattheairport.

問題1選項

A.however

B.therefore

C.moreover

D.meanwhile

【答案】B

【解析】考查句子前后邏輯關(guān)系。句意：我錯過了上一趟飛機，因此我決定整晚待在機場。選項B符合題意。

17.單選題

Withintenyearstheyhavetamedthe（

）hillintogreenwoods.

問題1選項

A.vacant

B.barren

C.weird

D.wasteful

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項vacant“空虛的；空的；空閑的”；B選項barren“貧瘠的，荒蕪的；不生育的；無益的”；C選項weird“怪異的；超自然的”；D選項wasteful“浪費的；不經(jīng)濟的；奢侈的”。句意：十年之內(nèi)，他們將那座……山開墾成了綠林。由句意可知此處表示“荒山”，能表示此義的只有B選項barrenhill“荒山”。

18.單選題

U.S.PresidentRonaldReaganhasaconvincingandheart-warmingsmile.

問題1選項

A.abewildering

B.apersuasive

C.afactitious

D.anempathetic

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.abewildering一個讓人困惑的（微笑）B.apersuasive一個讓人信服的（微笑）

C.afactitious一個虛假的（微笑）D.anempathetic一個共情的（微笑）

【答案】B

【考查點】語義銜接

【解題思路】劃線部分修飾的是smile“微笑”，并且與heart-warming“暖心的；感人的”并列，原詞convincing“令人信服的”，因此，B選項apersuasive“一個讓人信服的（微笑）”最符合原句句意。

【干擾項排除】

A選項abewildering“一個讓人困惑的（微笑）”，與heart-warming“暖心的；感人的”語義不搭，且不符合原句句意；

C選項afactitious“一個（虛假的）微笑”，與heart-warming“暖心的；感人的”語義不搭，且不符合原句句意；

D選項anempathetic“一個共情的（微笑）”，不符合原句句意。

【句意】美國總統(tǒng)羅納德?里根（RonaldReagan）的笑容令人信服，令人感動。

19.單選題

TheannualPhiDeltaKappa/GalluppollofattitudestowardspubliceducationreleasedthisweekfoundthatamajorityofAmericansfeelitisimportanttoputa“qualified,competentteacherineveryclassroom”.BobChase,presidentoftheNationalEducationAssociation（NEA.,themainteachers’union,wastednotimeinpointingoutthatthiswillrequireraisingteachers’salariessothatmorequalifiedcandidateswillentertheprofessionandstaythere.AstudybytwoeconomistssuggeststhatthequalityofAmerica’steachershasmoretodowithhowtheyarepaidratherthanhowmuch.

ThepayofAmericanpublicschoolteachersisnotbasedonanymeasureofperformanceinstead,itisdeterminedbyarigidformulabasedonexperienceandyearsofschoolingfactorsmassivelyunimportantindecidinghowwellstudentsdo.Theuniformpayscaleinviteswhateconomistscalladverseselection.Sincethemosttalentedteachersarealsolikelytobegoodatotherprofessions,theyhaveastrongincentivetoleaveeducationforjobsinwhichpayismorecloselylinkedtoproductivity.Fordullards（笨蛋），theincentivesarejusttheopposite.Thedataarestriking:whentestscoresareusedasaproxy（代替物）forability,thebrightestindividualsshuntheteachingprofessionateveryjuncture.Cleverstudentsaretheleastlikelytochooseeducationasamajoratuniversity.

Amongstudentswhodomajorineducation,thosewithhighertestscoresarelesslikelytobecometeachers.Andamongindividualswhoenterteaching,thosewiththehighesttestscoresarethemostlikelytoleavetheprofessionearly.Thestudytakesintoconsiderationtheeffectsofanationwide20%realincreaseinteachersalariesduringthe1980s.Itconcludesthatithadnoappreciableeffectonoverallteacherquality,inlargepartbecauseschoolsdoapoorjobofrecruitingandselectingthebestteachers.Also,evenifhighersalariesluremorequalifiedcandidatesintotheprofession,theoveralleffectonqualitymaybeoffsetbymediocreteacherswhochoosetopostponeretirement.

Thestudyalsotakesaimatteachertraining.Everystaterequiresthatteachersbelicensed,aprocessthatcaninvolveuptotwoyearsofeducationclasses,evenforthosewhohaveauniversitydegreeoragraduatedegreeinthefieldtheywouldliketoteach.Inevitably,thissystemdoeslittletolureingraduatesoftopuniversitiesorprofessionalswhowouldliketoenterteachingatmid-career.

1.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,thereasonwhycleverstudentsrefusetoentertheteachingprofessionisthat（）.

3.“Thedataarestriking:when...thebrightestindividualsshuntheteachingprofessionateveryjuncture”（inParagraph2）meansthat（）.

4.Increaseinteachersalariesdidnotturnoutsoeffectivemainlybecause（）.

5.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat（）.

問題1選項

A.NEAisthelargestsocietyforteachers.

B.ThepayofAmericanteachersisbasedontheirperformance.

C.SometeachersintheU.S.arenotqualifiedenough.

D.Howmuchtheteachersarepaidisthemostimportantfactor.

問題2選項

A.itofferslowpay.

B.theyhaveinterestinotherprofessions.

C.itdoesnotvalueproductivity

D.itusespoorrecruitingstrategies

問題3選項

A.studentsdoingwellinstudyarewillingtotaketeachingasacareer

B.studentsdoingwellinstudycan’tavoidchoosingteachingasacareer

C.studentsdoingwellinstudyarereluctanttobeteachers

D.studentsdoingwellinstudyarenotreluctanttobeteachers

問題4選項

A.schoolsdidapoorjobofchoosingteachers

B.mediocreteachersalwayspostponeretirement

C.thesalarieswerenotattractiveenough

D.teachersdidn’thaveequalopportunities

問題5選項

A.trainingisnecessaryforthosewhowanttobecomeagoodteacher

B.thosewhowanttobecometeachersintheU.S.havetobelicensed

C.manygraduatesoftopuniversitieswouldliketoenterteaching

D.thereisannualincreaseinteachersalariesintheU.S.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。文章第一段第二句話提到NEA,themainteacher’sunion，由此可知選項A的說法是錯誤的，可以排除；文章第二段第一句話thepayofAmericanpublicschoolteachersisnotbasedonanymeasureofperformance，由此可知選項B說法錯誤，可以排除；文章第一段最后一句話提到America’steachershasmoretodowithhowtheyarepaidratherthanhowmuch，由此可知選項D說法錯誤，可以排除。綜上，選項C符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。文章第二段提到有才華的老師可能擅長其他領(lǐng)域的職業(yè)，所以他們有強烈的動機離開教育行業(yè)，轉(zhuǎn)而從事其他那些薪酬與生產(chǎn)效率掛鉤的工作（sincethemosttalentedteachersarealsolikelytobegoodatotherprofessions,theyhaveastrongincentivetoleaveeducationforjobsinwhichpayismorecloselylinkedtoproductivity），這也說明教育行業(yè)的薪酬與生產(chǎn)效率無關(guān)，所以那些聰明學(xué)生并不愿意套入教育領(lǐng)域，選項C符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。劃線句子的大意是那些最聰明的學(xué)生并不愿意踏入教育領(lǐng)域，選項C“那些學(xué)習(xí)成績好的學(xué)生不愿意成為教師”符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。文章第三段提到becauseschoolsdoapoorjobofrecruitingandselectingthebestteachers，因此選項A符合題意。

5.細節(jié)事實題。文章倒數(shù)第一段提到everystaterequiresthatteachersbelicensed（每個州都要求老師有執(zhí)照），選項B符合題意。

20.單選題

ThedominantmodelofAmericanlegaleducationremainsoneinwhichstudentsaretaughthowtoargueaggressively,withnoquartergivenortaken,andhowtofightanopposingviewpointwith（）technicalskill.

問題1選項

A.programmed

B.un-programmed

C.uncompromising

D.promising

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。programmed“程序化的”；un-programmed“非程序化的”；uncompromising“不妥協(xié)的，堅定的”；promising“有希望的，有前途的”。句意：美國法律教育的主導(dǎo)模式仍然是這樣一種模式:學(xué)生們被教導(dǎo)如何進行激烈的辯論，不退縮也不接受對方的憐憫，以及如何以毫不妥協(xié)的技巧與對立的觀點進行斗爭。選項C符合題意。

21.單選題

AccordingtonewresearchofProf.RandolfMenzelfromtheFreeUniversityinBerlin,thepopularimageofbeesastheultimatehardworkerswasinaccurate.“Althoughweseebeesbuzzingaroundtirelesslyinspringandsummer,thecommonbeliefinabee’sbusynatureisbasedonamisconception,”hesaid.Peopleonlyreallyseebeeswhenthey’reoutflying,ortheylookatacolonyofbeesandseethousandsofthembuzzingaround.Theydon’tgettopickthemoutasindividuals.Theprofessor,whothismonthwonaGermanZoologicalSocietyawardforhisworkonbees,addedthatbeescompensatedfortheirapparentlazinesswithhighintelligence,advancedmemoryskillsandanabilitytolearnquickly.

ThesuggestionthatbeeswerenotpullingtheirweightmetwithskepticismfromBritishbeekeepers.GlynDavies,thePresidentoftheBritishBeekeepersAssociation,saidthatbeeswerenotlazybutefficient,“Atanyparticularstageinitsenergybydoingnothing.Eachbeehasaunitoflifeenergyandthefasteritworks,thefasteritdies.Theyarebeingverywiseandperhapshumansshouldtrytofollowtheirexampleinsteadofrunningaboutlikeheadlesschickens.”

Theideaofthebusybeeisseveralthousandyearsold.OnecurrentauthorwhohasnothingbutadmirationforthebeeisPaulTheroux,thenovelistandpart-timebeekeeper.”Ihaveneverseenabeesleeping.Mybeesneverstopworking,”hesaid.Mr.TherouxaddedthatProf.Menzel’sresearchcouldhavebeenaffectedbyhisnationalorigins.“PerhapsincomparisontotheGermanrateofwork,thebeedoeslooklazy,”hesaid.

Fewpeoplethinkthatthebusybeeideawillgoaway,despitetheeffortsofProf.Menzel.Itseemsabsurdtoapplytheword“l(fā)azy”toacolonyofcreaturescapableofproducingsomethingsoextraordinaryashoneycomb.Thetruthisthatbeesgiveusaninferioritycomplexthatisnotentirelyunjustified.Infact,theworshipofbeesseemstobeundergoingarenaissance.IBMrecentlyranaseriesofadsdrawingonthe“waggledance”ofbees,tellingbusinessmento“makeyourbusinesswaggle.”

1.Prof.RandolfMenzel’slatestresearch______.

2.Prof.RandolfMenzelwoulddisagreethat______.

3.AccordingtoGlynDavies,whatshouldwelearnfrombees?

4.ItcouldbeinferredfromParagraph3thattheGermans______.

5.TheIBMadsinthepassageareusedto______.

問題1選項

A.challengesourknowledgeoftherelationsamongbees

B.confirmsourknowledgeoftherelationsamongbees

C.challengesourperceptionofthenatureofbees

D.confirmsourperceptionofthenatureofbees

問題2選項

A.beesarehardworking

B.beesarequicklearners

C.beeshaveintelligence

D.beeshavegoodmemory

問題3選項

A.Howtoworkfaster.

B.Howtolivelonger.

C.Howtocooperatewitheachother.

D.Howtoimproveworkefficiency.

問題4選項

A.areeasilyaffectedbytheirnationalcharacters

B.areextremelybusyandhardworking

C.havemanythingsincommonwithbees

D.tendtolookdownuponlazypeople

問題5選項

A.showthepopularityoftheideaofbusybees

B.emphasizethenegativeimageofbusybees

C.initiatepublicdiscussionsonthebusybeeimage

D.questionthecomparisonofbusybeestohumans

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第一句AccordingtonewresearchofProf.RandolfMenzelfromtheFreeUniversityinBerlin,thepopularimageofbeesastheultimatehardworkerswasinaccurate.（根據(jù)柏林自由大學(xué)蘭道夫?門澤爾教授的最新研究，蜜蜂廣為流傳的終極辛勤工作者形象是不準確的。），說明最新研究表明人們之前對蜜蜂的印象是不準確的。因此C選項“挑戰(zhàn)我們對蜜蜂本性的認識”正確。A選項“挑戰(zhàn)我們對蜜蜂之間關(guān)系的認識”，B選項“證實了我們對蜜蜂之間關(guān)系的認識”，本文討論的不是蜜蜂之間的關(guān)系，所以A,B錯誤。D選項“證實了我們對蜜蜂本性的認識”和原文表述的意思相反，所以D錯誤。

2.客觀細節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段最后一句beescompensatedfortheirapparentlazinesswithhighintelligence,advancedmemoryskillsandanabilitytolearnquickly.（蜜蜂以高智商、記憶力和快速學(xué)習(xí)能力來彌補它們明顯的懶惰。），說明蘭道夫?門澤爾教授不同意蜜蜂很勤勞的觀點。因此A選項“蜜蜂是勤勞的”正確。B選項“蜜蜂的學(xué)習(xí)能力很強”，C選項“蜜蜂有高智商”，D選項“蜜蜂有良好的記憶力”都是教授認同的蜜蜂的優(yōu)勢，所以B,C,D錯誤。

3.客觀細節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段GlynDavies,thePresidentoftheBritishBeekeepersAssociation,saidthatbeeswerenotlazybutefficient…andperhapshumansshouldtry