考研考博-英語-北京電子科技學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京電子科技學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Itwasreportedthattheproject（

）bytheendofthismonth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.willbecompleted

B.wouldhavebeencompleted

C.wouldhavecompleted

D.willhavebeencompleted

【答案】B

【解析】句意：據(jù)報道，該項(xiàng)目將于本月底完成。根據(jù)was和by+時間可知，這里應(yīng)該用would+過去完成時，首先排除選項(xiàng)A和D；項(xiàng)目是被完成，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

2.單選題

SinceJohnhassuchan（

）toflying,IamcertainthathewillnotwanttogotoBritainwithus.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.aviation

B.aviator

C.aversion

D.avocation

【答案】C

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。aviation“航空，飛行術(shù)”；aviator“飛行員”；aversion“厭惡，反感”；avocation“副業(yè)，業(yè)余愛好”。句意：既然約翰那么討厭乘飛機(jī)，那我可以肯定他將不會愿意和我們一起去英國。根據(jù)前后句關(guān)系可知答案C

3.單選題

Thosepeople（

）ageneralunderstandingofthepresentsituation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lackof

B.arelackingof

C.lack

D.areinlack

【答案】C

【解析】語法題。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知空格中填入謂語，因?yàn)閘ack為及物動詞，其后接賓語無需用介詞，選項(xiàng)A和B可排除。又因?yàn)楣潭ù钆鋓nlackof“缺少，缺乏”，選項(xiàng)D可排除。句意：這些人缺乏對目前形勢的基本了解。根據(jù)排除法，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.單選題

Angryengineerschallengedthestatisticalsignificanceofthestudy’ssmallsampleandlabeleditsloppyscience.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.careless

B.doubtful

C.invalid

D.worthless

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.careless不仔細(xì)的，粗心的（沒有足夠的關(guān)注和思考）B.doubtful不確定的，懷疑的

C.invalid病弱者D.worthless沒用的，無價值的

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】sloppy的意思為“馬虎的，草率的（缺乏關(guān)心、思考或努力）”，在這里指研究的樣本太小，這樣的研究非常隨意，欠缺考慮，careless與之詞義相近，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】憤怒的工程師們質(zhì)疑這項(xiàng)研究中小樣本的統(tǒng)計(jì)意義，并將其貼上草率的標(biāo)簽。

5.單選題

Itwasfeltthathelackedthe（）topursueadifficulttasktotheveryend.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.petition

B.engagement

C.commitment

D.qualification

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。選項(xiàng)A：petition“請?jiān)?，祈?[法]訴狀”；選項(xiàng)B：engagement“婚約，約會,交戰(zhàn),諾言”；選項(xiàng)C：commitment“獻(xiàn)身,承諾”;選項(xiàng)D:qualification“資格，條件,賦予資格”。由題意可知本題選項(xiàng)C更切合題意，正確。句意：有人認(rèn)為，他缺乏將一項(xiàng)困難的任務(wù)堅(jiān)持到底的奉獻(xiàn)精神。

6.案例題

Ifmovietrailers（預(yù)告片）aresupposedtocauseareaction,thepreviewfor"United93"morethansucceeds.Featuringnofamousactors,itbeginswithimagesofabeautifulmorningandpassengersboardinganairplane.Ittakesyouaminutetorealizewhatthemovie'sevenabout.That'swhenaplanehitstheWorldTradeCenter.theeffectisvisceral（震撼心靈的）.Whenthetrailerplayedbefore"InsideMan"lastweekataHollywoodtheater,audiencemembersbegancallingout,"Toosoon!"InNewYorkCity,theresponsewasevenmoredramatic.TheLoewstheaterinManhattantooktherarestepofpullingthetrailerfromitsscreensafterseveralcomplaints.

"United93"isthefirstfeaturefilmtodealexplicitlywiththeeventsofSeptember11,2001,andiscertaintoigniteanemotionaldebate.Isittoosoon?Shouldthefilmhavebeenmadeatall?Moretothepoint,willanyonewanttoseeit?Other9/11projectsareonthewayasthefifthanniversaryoftheattacksapproaches,mostnotablyOliverStone's"WorldTradeCenter."butastheforerunner,"United93"willtakemostoftheheat,whetheritdeservesitornot.

TherealUnited93crashedinaPennsylvaniafieldafter40passengersandcrewfoughtbackagainsttheterrorists.Writer-directorPaulGreengrasshasgonetogreatlengthstoberespectfulinhisdepictionofwhatoccurred,proceedingwiththefilmonlyaftersecuringtheapprovalofeveryvictim'sfamily."WasIsurprisedattheagreement?Yes.Very.Usuallythere'reoneortwofamilieswho'remorereluctant,"Greengrasswritesinane-mail."IwassurprisedattheextraordinarywaytheUnited93familieshavewelcomedusintotheirlivesandsharedtheirexperienceswithus."CaroleO'Hare,afamilymember,says,"Theywereveryopenandhonestwithus,andtheymadeusapartofthiswholeproject."Universal,whichisreleasingthefilm,planstodonate10%ofitsopeningweekendgrosstotheFlight93NationalMemorialFund.Thathasn'tstoppedcriticismthatthestudioisexploitinganationaltragedy.O'Harethinksthat'sunfair."Thisstoryhastobetoldtohonorthepassengersandcrewforwhattheydid,"shesays."Butmorethanthat,itraisesawareness.Ourportsaren'tsecure.Ourbordersaren'tsecure.Ourairlinesstillaren'tsecure,andthisiswhathappenswhenyou'renotsecure.That'sthemessageIwantpeopletohear."

1.Thetrailerfor"United93"succeededin（）whenitplayedinthetheatersinHollywoodandNewYorkCity.

2.Themovie"United93"issuretogiveriseto（）.

3.Whatdidwriter-directorPaulGreengrassobtainbeforeheproceededwiththemovie?.

4.Universal,whichisreleasing"United93",hasbeencriticizedfor（）.

5.CaroleO'Harethinksthatbesideshonoringthepassengersandcrewforwhattheydid,thepurposeoftellingthestoryisto（）boutsecurity.

【答案】1.causingareaction

2.anemotionaldebate

3.Theapprovalofeveryvictim'sfamily

4.exploitinganationaltragedy

5.raisetheawareness

【解析】1.

根據(jù)第一段的第一句“Ifmovietrailers（預(yù)告片）aresupposedtocauseareaction,thepreviewfor"United93"morethansucceeds.”succeededin+doingsth.介詞in后面接名詞或動名詞。

2.根據(jù)第二段的第一句“"United93"isthefirstfeaturefilmtodealexplicitlywiththeeventsofSeptember11,2001,andiscertaintoigniteanemotionaldebate.”ignite在這里相當(dāng)于giveriseto，所以只需要接后面的名詞即可。

3.

根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“PaulGreen”定位到第三段的第二句“Writer-directorPaulGreen...aftersecuringtheapprovalofeveryvictim'sfamily.”重點(diǎn)理解proceed和ceed意為"在之前"，secure意為"獲得，得到"。

4.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Universal”定位到第三段“Thathasn'tstoppedcriticismthatthestudioisexploitinganationaltragedy.”for在這里為介詞，后面接名詞或動名詞。

5.根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容"Thisstoryhastobetoldtohonorthepassengersandcrewforwhattheydid,"shesays."Butmorethanthat,itraisesawareness...”題干中的to不定式做is的表語，后面直接用動詞且為原形。

7.單選題

Theprospectofincreasedpricehasalready（

）worries.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.provoked

B.irritated

C.inspired

D.hoisted

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。provoke“激起，挑起，引起”；irritate“刺激，使興奮，激怒”；inspire“激發(fā)，鼓舞，啟示”；hoist“把……吊起，升起”。句意：價格上漲的前景已經(jīng)引起了人們的擔(dān)憂。A項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.單選題

Theyarewritingtothemanagerwith（）therepairsrecentlycarriedoutattheaboveaddress.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theexceptionof

B.aviewto

C.thepurposeof

D.referenceto

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。withreferenceto“關(guān)于；根據(jù)”。句意：鑒于最近在以上地址所進(jìn)行的修理工作，他們正在給經(jīng)理寫信。結(jié)合句意，故D選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Shewalkedroundtothe（

）ofthecarandstoodsilentlywhileheundidthebootandpickedupherbag.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ream

B.ranch

C.rear

D.realm

【答案】C

【解析】考察形近詞辨析。ream“令（紙張的計(jì)數(shù)單位），大量”；ranch“大農(nóng)場，大牧場”；rear“后面，屁股，后方部隊(duì)”；realm“領(lǐng)域，范圍，王國”。句意：她圍繞著車后方走…。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

10.翻譯題

Directions:ChoosetwoofthefollowingsentencesandtranslatethemintoEnglish.WriteyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points,5pointseach)

Note:Youarerequiredtotranslate2ofthefollowingsentences.

1、世界是豐富多彩的，各種文明和社會體制應(yīng)當(dāng)求同存異并，取長補(bǔ)短。我們不能照搬照抄別國的政治制度。

2、世界上很難找出政黨制度和政治制度完全相同的國家。各國有各國的國情。關(guān)鍵的是要有利于經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和政治穩(wěn)定，維護(hù)和實(shí)現(xiàn)人民的根本利益。

3、腐敗作為一種社會歷史現(xiàn)象，古今中外很多社會都有?，F(xiàn)在世界上沒有哪個國家能說已經(jīng)完全消除了腐敗。只有程度的不同。

4、不謀萬世者，不足謀一時；不謀全局者，不足謀一域。

5、子曰：“三人行，必有我?guī)熝桑粨衿渖普叨鴱闹?，其不善者而改之?！?/p>

【答案】1.Ourworldisdiverseandcolorful.Allkindsofcivilizationsandsocialistsystemsshouldseekcommongroundwhilereservingdifferencesandlearnfromeachothertomakeupdeficiencies.Weshouldnotcopythepoliticalsystemofothercountriesmechanically.

2.Wecanhardlyfindtwocountriesthathaveexactlythesamepoliticalpartysystemandpoliticalsystem.Differentcountrieshavedifferentnationalconditions.Whatisessentialisthatthekindofpartysystemtheyinstituteshouldservetheireconomicdevelopment,politicalstability,andmaintenanceandrealizationofthefundamentalinterestsoftheirpeople.

3.Corruption,asasocialandhistoricphenomenon,hasexistedinmanysocieties,bothinthepastandatpresent.Nocountryintheworldtodaycanacclaimthatithascompletelyeliminatedcorruption.Theonlydifferenceliesinthedegreeofseriousnessofthisproblem.

4.Withoutlong-termstrategy,short-termachievementisimpossible.Withoutfull-scaleconsideration,simpleactionisimpracticable.

5.Confuciussaid,“Whenthreearewalkingtogether,Iamsuretofindteachersamongthem.Iwillselecttheirgoodqualitiesandfollowthem,theirbadqualitiesandavoidthem.”

11.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Giventhelackofbetweengiftedstudentsandtheirschools,itisnotsurprisingthatsuchstudentsoftenhavelittlegoodtosayabouttheirschoolexperience.Inonestudyof400adultswhohadachieveddistinctioninallareasoflife,researchersfoundthatthree-fifthsoftheseindividualseitherdidbadlyinschoolorwereunhappyinschool.Few,MacArthurPrizefellows,winnersoftheMacArhurAwardforcreativeaccomplishment,hadgoodthingstosayabouttheirpre-collegiateschoolingiftheyhadnotbeenplacedinadvancedprograms.Anecdotalreportssupportthis.PabloPicasso,CharlesDarwin,MarkTwain,OliverGoldsmith,andWilliamButlerYeatsalldislikedschool.SodidWinstonChurchill,whoalmostfailedoutofHarrow,aneliteBritishschool.AboutOliverGoldsmith,oneofhisteachersremarked,“Neverwassodullaboy.”O(jiān)ftenthesechildrenrealizethattheyknowmorethantheirteachers,andtheirteachersoftenfeelthatthesechildrenarearrogant,inattentive,orunmotivated.

Someofthesegiftedpeoplemayhavedonepoorlyinschoolbecausetheirgiftswerenotscholastic.MaybewecanaccountforPicassointhisway.Butmostfaredpoorlyinschoolnotbecausetheylackedabilitybutbecausetheyfoundschoolunchallengingandconsequentlylostinterest.Yeatsdescribedthelackoffitbetweenhismindandschool:“Because1hadfounditdifficulttoattendtoanythinglessinterestingthanmyownthoughts,Iwasdifficulttoteach.”Asnotedearlier,giftedchildrenofallkindstendtobestrongwillednonconformists.Nonconformityandstubbornness(andYeats’slevelofarroganceandself-absorption)arelikelytoleadtoconflictswithteachers.

Whenhighlygiftedstudentsinanydomaintalkaboutwhatwasimportanttothedevelopmentoftheirabilities,theyarefarmorelikelytomentiontheirfamiliesthantheirschoolsorteachers.AwritingprodigystudiedbyDavidFeldmanandLynnGoldsmithwastaughtfarmoreaboutwritingbyhisjournalistfatherthanhisEnglishteacher.High-IQchildren,inAustraliastudiedbyMiracaGrosshadmuchmorepositivefeelingsabouttheirfamiliesthantheirschools.AbouthalfofthemathematiciansstudiedbyBenjaminBloomhadlittlegoodtosayaboutschool.Theyalldidwellinschoolandtookhonorsclasseswhenavailable,andsomeskippedgrades.

41.Themainpointtheauthorismakingaboutschoolsisthat______.

42.TheauthorquotestheremarksofoneofOliverGoldsmith’steachers______.

43.PabloPicassoislistedamongthemanygiftedchildrenwho______.

44.Manygiftedpeopleattributedtheirsuccess______.

45.Therootcauseofmanygiftedstudentshavingbadmemoriesoftheirschoolyearsisthat______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theyshouldsatisfytheneedsofstudentsfromdifferentfamilybackgrounds

B.theyareoftenincapableofcateringtotheneedsoftalentedstudents

C.theyshouldorganizetheirclassesaccordingtothestudents’ability

D.theyshouldenrollasmanygiftedstudentsaspossible

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.toprovidesupportforhisargument

B.toillustratethestrongwillofsomegiftedchildren

C.toexplainhowdullstudentscanalsobesuccessful

D.toshowhowpoorOliver’sperformancewasatschool

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.paidnoattentiontotheirteachersinclass

B.contradictedtheirteachersmuchtoooften

C.couldnotcopewiththeirstudiesatschoolsuccessfully

D.behavedarrogantlyandstubbornlyinthepresenceoftheirteachers

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.mainlytoparentalhelpandtheireducationathome

B.bothtoschoolinstructionandtotheirparents’coaching

C.moretotheirparents’encouragementthantoschooltraining

D.lesstotheirsystematiceducationthantotheirtalent

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theirnonconformitybroughtthemalotoftrouble

B.theywereseldompraisedbytheirteachers

C.schoolcoursesfailedtoinspireormotivatethem

D.teacherswereusuallyfarstricterthantheirparents

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Themainpointtheauthorismakingaboutschoolsisthat______.1.作者關(guān)于學(xué)校的主要觀點(diǎn)是______。

A.theyshouldsatisfytheneedsofstudentsfromdifferentfamilybackgroundsA.他們應(yīng)該滿足來自不同家庭背景的學(xué)生的需求

B.theyareoftenincapableofcateringtotheneedsoftalentedstudentsB.他們往往不能滿足有才能的學(xué)生的需要

C.theyshouldorganizetheirclassesaccordingtothestudents’abilityC.他們應(yīng)該根據(jù)學(xué)生的能力組織班級

D.theyshouldenrollasmanygiftedstudentsaspossibleD.他們應(yīng)該招收盡可能多的天才學(xué)生

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段第一句“有些有天賦的人可能在學(xué)校表現(xiàn)不佳，因?yàn)樗麄兊奶熨x不是學(xué)術(shù)方面的”，和第三句“但大多數(shù)人在學(xué)校表現(xiàn)不佳，不是因?yàn)樗麄內(nèi)狈δ芰?，而是因?yàn)樗麄儼l(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)校沒有挑戰(zhàn)性，因此失去了興趣”理解可知，有天賦的學(xué)生在學(xué)校表現(xiàn)不佳是因?yàn)閷W(xué)校不能滿足他們的需求，故B項(xiàng)“他們往往不能滿足有才能的學(xué)生的需要”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“他們應(yīng)該滿足來自不同家庭背景的學(xué)生的需求”，不是滿足不同家庭背景，而是滿足不同才能的學(xué)生的需求，該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

C項(xiàng)“他們應(yīng)該根據(jù)學(xué)生的能力組織班級”和D項(xiàng)“他們應(yīng)該招收盡可能多的天才學(xué)生”文章沒有體現(xiàn)，這兩項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.TheauthorquotestheremarksofoneofOliverGoldsmith’steachers______.2.作者引用了奧利弗?戈德史密斯的一位老師的評論______。

A.toprovidesupportforhisargumentA.為他的論點(diǎn)提供支持

B.toillustratethestrongwillofsomegiftedchildrenB.為了說明一些天才兒童的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)意志

C.toexplainhowdullstudentscanalsobesuccessfulC.解釋為什么遲鈍的學(xué)生也能成功

D.toshowhowpoorOliver’sperformancewasatschoolD.來表明奧利弗在學(xué)校的表現(xiàn)有多差

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】首先根據(jù)題干定位至第一段倒數(shù)第二句“關(guān)于奧利弗?戈德史密斯，他的一位老師這樣評價他：從來沒有一個孩子像他這樣遲鈍”，作者引用奧利弗?戈德史密斯的例子，在這里是為了說明天才學(xué)生對學(xué)校的評價都不好，接著最后一句指出“這些孩子經(jīng)常意識到他們知道的比他們的老師多，而他們的老師經(jīng)常覺得這些孩子傲慢、漫不經(jīng)心或缺乏動力”更是證實(shí)了學(xué)校不能滿足學(xué)生的需求，所以作者引用奧利弗的例子是為了支持他的論點(diǎn)，該題選擇A項(xiàng)“為他的論點(diǎn)提供支持”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B項(xiàng)“為了說明一些天才兒童的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)意志”不是引用奧利弗的例子的原因，該項(xiàng)屬于出處錯位；

C項(xiàng)“解釋為什么遲鈍的學(xué)生也能成功”沒有提到，該項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

D項(xiàng)“來表明奧利弗在學(xué)校的表現(xiàn)有多差”并不是作者想要表達(dá)的動機(jī)，該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.PabloPicassoislistedamongthemanygiftedchildrenwho______.3.巴勃羅?畢加索被列為______的眾多天才兒童之一。

A.paidnoattentiontotheirteachersinclassA.上課時不注意聽老師講課

B.contradictedtheirteachersmuchtoooftenB.太經(jīng)常反駁他們的老師

C.couldnotcopewiththeirstudiesatschoolsuccessfullyC.不能順利完成學(xué)業(yè)

D.behavedarrogantlyandstubbornlyinthepresenceoftheirteachersD.在老師面前表現(xiàn)得傲慢而固執(zhí)

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段前兩句“有些有天賦的人可能在學(xué)校表現(xiàn)不佳，因?yàn)樗麄兊奶熨x不是學(xué)術(shù)方面的。也許我們可以用這種方式來解釋畢加索?！笨芍?，畢加索也是在學(xué)校表現(xiàn)不佳的天才之一，也就是說學(xué)業(yè)成績并不好，故C項(xiàng)“不能順利完成學(xué)業(yè)”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“上課時不注意聽老師講課”只是學(xué)校表現(xiàn)不佳的一方面，該項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全；

B項(xiàng)“太經(jīng)常反駁他們的老師”沒有提到，該項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

D項(xiàng)“在老師面前表現(xiàn)得傲慢而固執(zhí)”，根據(jù)第一段最后一句“這些孩子經(jīng)常意識到他們知道的比他們的老師多，而他們的老師經(jīng)常覺得這些孩子傲慢、漫不經(jīng)心或缺乏動力”可知，不是天才兒童在老師面前表現(xiàn)得傲慢而固執(zhí)，而是他們的老師是這樣認(rèn)為這些天才的，該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Manygiftedpeopleattributedtheirsuccess______.4.許多有天賦的人將他們的成功歸功于______。

A.mainlytoparentalhelpandtheireducationathomeA.主要是家長的幫助和他們在家里的教育

B.bothtoschoolinstructionandtotheirparents’coachingB.學(xué)校和父母的指導(dǎo)

C.moretotheirparents’encouragementthantoschooltrainingC.更多的是父母的鼓勵，而不是學(xué)校的培訓(xùn)

D.lesstotheirsystematiceducationthantotheirtalentD.他們的天賦，而不是他們的系統(tǒng)教育

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段第一句“當(dāng)任何領(lǐng)域的高天賦學(xué)生談到什么對他們能力的發(fā)展是重要的時，他們更有可能提到他們的家庭，而不是他們的學(xué)?；蚶蠋煛笨芍?，許多有天賦的人將他們的成功歸功于家庭教育，A項(xiàng)“主要是家長的幫助和他們在家里的教育”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B項(xiàng)“學(xué)校和父母的指導(dǎo)”，有天賦的人并沒有把他們的成功歸功于學(xué)校，該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

C項(xiàng)“更多的是父母的鼓勵，而不是學(xué)校的培訓(xùn)”，父母的鼓勵只是其中一小部分，該項(xiàng)概括不全面，屬于以偏概全；

D項(xiàng)“他們的天賦，而不是他們的系統(tǒng)教育”在原文沒有依據(jù)，該項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

5.Therootcauseofmanygiftedstudentshavingbadmemoriesoftheirschoolyearsisthat______.5.許多天才學(xué)生對學(xué)校有不好的記憶的根本原因是______。

A.theirnonconformitybroughtthemalotoftroubleA.他們的不服從給他們帶來了許多麻煩

B.theywereseldompraisedbytheirteachersB.他們很少受到老師的表揚(yáng)

C.schoolcoursesfailedtoinspireormotivatethemC.學(xué)校的課程未能激發(fā)或激勵他們

D.teacherswereusuallyfarstricterthantheirparentsD.老師通常比他們的父母嚴(yán)格得多

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段第三句“但大多數(shù)人在學(xué)校表現(xiàn)不佳，不是因?yàn)樗麄內(nèi)狈δ芰?，而是因?yàn)樗麄儼l(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)校沒有挑戰(zhàn)性，因此失去了興趣”可知，因?yàn)閷W(xué)校不能提供天才學(xué)生所需要的挑戰(zhàn)性，所以他們失去興趣從而在學(xué)校表現(xiàn)不好，這也給他們帶來了不好的回憶，故推斷其根本原因就是學(xué)校的課程沒有辦法激發(fā)他們的興趣，該題選擇C項(xiàng)“學(xué)校的課程未能激發(fā)或激勵他們”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“他們的不服從給他們帶來了許多麻煩”和D項(xiàng)“老師通常比他們的父母嚴(yán)格得多”沒有提到，這兩項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

B項(xiàng)“他們很少受到老師的表揚(yáng)”與他們在學(xué)校的表現(xiàn)有關(guān)，和題干無關(guān)，該項(xiàng)屬于出處錯位。

12.單選題

I.Jurisprudence

Itispracticallyimpossibletoimagineconstitutionallawwithoutdissent.TheveryfirstopinionintheCharterera—thePatriationReference—wasmarkedbyit.Dissentispowerfulandevocative,evenmythic;itsuggestsroadsnottakenandparalleluniverses.Itevokesafundamentaland,sometimes,unsettlingcontingencyaboutlaw.Itcanbeproblematic,disruptingeasyunderstandingsofhowtoacourt“getsitright”and,thus,damagingtoacourt’slegitimacy.

Yet,dissenthaspositiveaspects,too.Itcan:betterarticulatenormsandunderstandingsunderlyingkeydecision-rules;provideacounter-narrativetoprevailingorthodoxy;laythefoundationforfuturedevelopmentoflaw;provideanecessaryoutletfordisagreementthatotherwisemightconstrainandfrustratejudicialactors;andevensecurebroaderacceptanceofamajoritydecisionbyshowingthatitisaproductofdeliberation.

Inthispaper,Ipresentanotherpossible“upside”todissentthatfocusesontheissueinQuebec(AttorneyGeneral)v.A:equality.First,IcanvasstwowaysthatdissentmanifestsinCharterjurisprudence:one(functional)relatingtothejudiciary’sappropriateroleinconstitutionaldisputes;andtheother(principled)relatingtotheidentification,scopeorapplicationofrulesandnorms.Thetwomodelsarerichlyrepresentedinequalityjurisprudence.IntheSupremeCourt’sfirstSection15case,Andrewsv.LawSocietyofBritishColumbia,theCourtdividedoverthefunctionalquestionofhowcloselytheCourtshouldscrutinizelegislateddifference.Insubsequentcases,theCourthasstruggledtoreachconsensusonthemeaningofequalityitself—anissueofprinciple.

Thefactthatequalityjurisprudencehasbeencharacterizedbychronicdisagreementmightappearunfortunate.Butmyreviewofsection15caselawsuggeststhat,byprovidingthespacetofullyfleshoutpointsofdisagreement,dissenthascontributedtoricheraccountsofequality.BorrowingthelanguageofCassSunstein,Isuggestthatadividedequalitydecisionthatistheresultoffailuretoreachagreementon“deep”issuesispreferabletoonethat,asthepriceofunanimity,remains“shallow”.IconcludethatthedecisioninQuebec(AttorneyGeneral)v.Aisdeepratherthanshallowandso,despiteitsfrustratingdivisions,itisonthewholebetterthanmanyoftheunanimousequalitydecisionsthatprecededit.

1.TheauthorlistedthefollowingpositiveaspectsofdissentBUT___.

2.Fromthethirdparagraph,onecanknowthefollowingBUT___.

3.Theauthorthinksthatadividedequalitydecisionispreferablebecause___.

4.Whatisthemostsuitabletopicfortheseparagraphs?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itprovidesacounter-narrativetoprevailingorthodoxy

B.Itcanlaythefoundationforfuturedevelopmentoflaw

C.Itcanprovideanecessaryoutletfordisagreement

D.Itcanbedamagingtoacourt’slegitimacy

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theauthordiscussesthecasesinwhichthefunctionofdissentsisobviousintwoways

B.Thesubsequentcasesweredecidedbyconsensus

C.Andrewsv.LawSocietyofBritishColumbiaisaconstitutionalcaserelatingtoSection15

D.Andrewsv.LawSocietyofBritishColumbiawasnotdecidedunanimously

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.itcontributestoricheraccountsofequality

B.itisdeep

C.itisonthewholebetter

D.isfrustratinglydivided

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.TheDissentinEqualityJurisprudence

B.TheUpsideofDissent

C.TheUpsideofDissentinEqualityJurisprudence

D.TheEqualityJurisprudence

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段Itcanbeproblematic,disruptingeasyunderstandingsofhowtoacourt“getsitright”and,thus,damagingtoacourt’slegitimacy.（它可能會造成問題，擾亂人們對法院如何“正確處理”的簡單理解，從而損害法院的合法性）可知選D選項(xiàng)“它可能會損害法院的合法性”，D選項(xiàng)不屬于積極的方面；根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“positiveaspectsofdissent”定位到原文第二段Yet,dissenthaspositiveaspects,too.Itcan:betterarticulatenormsandunderstandingsunderlyingkeydecision-rules;provideacounter-narrativetoprevailingorthodoxy;laythefoundationforfuturedevelopmentoflaw;provideanecessaryoutletfordisagreementthatotherwisemightconstrainandfrustratejudicialactors;（然而，異議也有積極的一面。它可以：更好地闡明關(guān)鍵決策規(guī)則背后的規(guī)范和理解；對盛行的正統(tǒng)學(xué)說提供一種反敘事；為法律的未來發(fā)展奠定基礎(chǔ)；為可能限制和挫敗司法行為人的分歧提供一個必要的發(fā)泄途徑）可知A選項(xiàng)“它是對主流正統(tǒng)觀念的一種反駁”，B選項(xiàng)“可以為法律的未來發(fā)展奠定基礎(chǔ)”，C選項(xiàng)“它可以為分歧提供一個必要的出口”都屬于積極的方面。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段IntheSupremeCourt’sfirstSection15case,Andrewsv.LawSocietyofBritishColumbia,theCourtdividedoverthefunctionalquestionofhowcloselytheCourtshouldscrutinizelegislateddifference.Insubsequentcases,theCourthasstruggledtoreachconsensusonthemeaningofequalityitself—anissueofprinciple.（在最高法院第15節(jié)的安德魯斯訴不列顛哥倫比亞省法律協(xié)會案中，最高法院就法院應(yīng)在多大程度上仔細(xì)審查立法上的差異這一功能問題存在分歧。在隨后的案件中，最高法院一直在努力就平等本身的含義達(dá)成共識——這是一個原則問題）可知B選項(xiàng)“隨后的案件由協(xié)商一致決定”不符合原文，原文只是提到在隨后的案件中，最高法院一直在努力就平等本身的含義達(dá)成共識，以及C選項(xiàng)“安德魯斯訴英屬哥倫比亞法律協(xié)會案是與第15條有關(guān)的憲法案件”，D選項(xiàng)“安德魯斯訴英屬哥倫比亞法律協(xié)會案并不是一致決定的”符合原文；定位到原文第三段First,IcanvasstwowaysthatdissentmanifestsinCharterjurisprudence:one(functional)relatingtothejudiciary’sappropriateroleinconstitutionaldisputes;andtheother(principled)relatingtotheidentification,scopeorapplicationofrulesandnorms.（首先，我考察了不同意見在憲章判例中的兩種表現(xiàn)方式：一種（功能性）與司法機(jī)關(guān)在憲法爭端中的適當(dāng)作用有關(guān)；另一個（原則性的）與規(guī)則和規(guī)范的確定、范圍或適用有關(guān)）可知A選項(xiàng)“作者從兩個方面討論了不同意見的作用”符合原文。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段最后一句IconcludethatthedecisioninQuebec(AttorneyGeneral)v.Aisdeepratherthanshallowandso,despiteitsfrustratingdivisions,itisonthewholebetterthanmanyoftheunanimousequalitydecisionsthatprecededit.（我的結(jié)論是，魁北克（總檢察長）訴A案的裁決是深刻的，而不是膚淺的，因此，盡管存在令人沮喪的分歧，但總體上比之前許多一致通過的平等裁決要好）可知選B選項(xiàng)“它是深刻的”，因?yàn)椴脹Q更深刻，所以盡管有分歧，但總體上還是比之前許多一致通過的平等裁決要好，C選項(xiàng)“總體上比較好”錯誤，邏輯關(guān)系和原文相反，D選項(xiàng)“令人沮喪的分裂”邏輯關(guān)系錯誤；A選項(xiàng)“它有助于更豐富的平等的解釋”在原文中提及，但并不是作者認(rèn)為分割的平等決定更可取的原因，只是說dissenthascontributedtoricheraccountsofequality（不同意見有助于更豐富地解釋平等）。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。文章第一段提出憲法沒有異議是不可能的，以及提到異議可能帶來的問題，引出第二段，提出異議的積極面；第三段Inthispaper,Ipresentanotherpossible“upside”todissentthatfocusesontheissueinQuebec(AttorneyGeneral)v.A:equality.（在這篇論文中，我提出了另一個可能的“積極面”，以關(guān)注魁北克（總檢察長）訴案的問題：平等）可知，這一篇文章主要在討論異議的積極面，以及基于全文在探討法律的基調(diào)，則選C選項(xiàng)“平等法學(xué)中異議的正面”；A選項(xiàng)“平等法中的異議”，D選項(xiàng)“平等法理學(xué)”太過片面；B選項(xiàng)“異議的好處”范圍太廣，概括不如C選項(xiàng)精確。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Childrenvalueperceptivecomments,responsesandquestionsontheirwriting,buttheyquicklyseethrough（）approvalandgeneralizedfaintpraise.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pernicious

B.perfunctory

C.lethargic

D.phlegmatic

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。pernicious“有害的”；perfunctory“敷衍的”；lethargic“昏睡的，無生氣的”；phlegmatic“冷淡的，遲鈍的”。句意：孩子們重視他們寫作中具有洞察力的評論、回答和問題，但是他們能迅速區(qū)分敷衍的意見和普通的贊美。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

14.單選題

Hecould（）shadowyfigureofamanstandingamongthetrees.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.disguise

B.discern

C.disinterest

D.discover

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)disguise“掩飾；假裝”；B選項(xiàng)discern“察覺出；識別”；C選項(xiàng)disinterest“使不關(guān)心；使沒興趣”；D選項(xiàng)discover“發(fā)現(xiàn)；發(fā)覺”。句意：他能夠……站在樹與樹之間的人的模糊身影。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞shadowyfigureofaman“一個人的模糊身影”，在句中他有這個能力識別出那個模糊的身影。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

15.單選題

Despitethe（）conditions,theroadwasfinishedinjusteightmonths.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.attached

B.adverse

C.adequate

D.annual

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)attached“附加的；依戀的”；B選項(xiàng)adverse“不利的；敵對的”；C選項(xiàng)adequate“充足的；適當(dāng)?shù)模粍偃蔚摹?；D選項(xiàng)annual“年度的；每年的”。句意：盡管存在種種（）情況，公路還是僅用8個月就完工了。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Thegirlswantedtohelp（）maketheircostumesfortheplay.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.all

B.eachtheother

C.eachother

D.onetheother

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)all“全部”；B選項(xiàng)eachtheother“每一個其他的”；C選項(xiàng)eachother“彼此，互相”；D選項(xiàng)onetheother“一個另一個”。句意：女孩們想幫助……制作她們的戲服。根據(jù)句意可推測，女孩們是想互相幫助，可知選項(xiàng)C正確。

17.問答題

Yettohaveafamilynowadays—(A)withbirthcontrolreadilyavailable,and(B)inflationagoodeconomicargumentagainsthavingchildren—isnearlyanexpressionofambitionitself.Thoughambitionwasonce(C)thedomainchieflyofmonarchsandaristocrats,ithas,inmorerecenttimes,increasinglybecomethedomainofthemiddleclass.Working,saving,planning—these,thedailyaspectsofambition—havealwaysbeen(D)thedistinguishedmarksofarisingmiddleclass.

【答案】D；改成thedistinguishingmarks。distinguishing有區(qū)別的；distinguished卓越的，著名的。句意：工作,儲蓄,雄心壯志的計(jì)劃這些,每日方面——一直是崛起的中產(chǎn)階級的區(qū)分標(biāo)志。

18.單選題

Putondarkglassesorthesunwill（

）youandyouwon’tbeabletosee.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.discern

B.distort

C.distract

D.dazzle

【答案】D

【解析】考查形近義異詞解析。discern“辨別，看清楚”;distort“扭曲，曲解”；distract“轉(zhuǎn)移，分心”；dazzle“使……目眩，使……眼花”。句子的意思為：戴上太陽眼鏡，否則陽光很刺眼，會讓你看不見任何東西。選項(xiàng)D符合題意

19.單選題

Sharkshaveanundeservedreputationforbeingbloodthirstykillersthatroutinelymakesnacksoutoftourists.Althoughtheriskofgettingeatenbyasharkisextremelysmall,thesamecannotbesaidforunderwaterfiber-opticcablesthatcarrydataaroundtheworld.

Itseemssharkshaveamightycravingforthesevitalintercontinentalcommunicationlinks,whichhassetGoogleonamissiontoreinforceitstrans—PacificcablesbywrappingtheminaKevlar—likematerial.GoogleproductmanagerDanBelcherrevealedtheirshark-proofingeffortsatamarketingmeetinginBoston,NetworkWorldreports.

Butwhyaresharkszeroinginonourglobalcommunicationnetworks?SharkshaveanuncannyabilitytosenseelectromagneticfieldsinthewaterusingtinydetectorsintheirsnoutscalledampullaofLorenzini.Theorgans,whichlooklikefreckles,senseevenminutechangestoelectricalfieldsinthewater,helpingsharksfindprey,navigateorlocatefiber-opticcables.

“Nodoubttheelectromagneticfeldsassociatedwiththesewiresarehighlyattractivetothesesharks,”GeorgeBurgess,directoroftheFloridaProgramforSharkResearch,toldUSA.

Interestingly,sharksdon’tseemtobeluredtotheoldercoppercablesthatrununderwater.It’sledtospeculationthatsharksconfusethehigh-voltage,magneticemissionsfromfiber-opticcableswiththesignalsgivenoffbyfish.Updatedcableswillthuslikelyprotectthesharksandreduceenergy-wastingattacks.

Sharkshavebeengivingglobalcommunicationscompaniesheadachessincethe1980s.AccordingtotheNewYorkTime,afewsharkteethwerefoundplantedinacableoftheCanaryIslandsin1985.Everyyear,morethan50repairsareneededonunderseatranscontinentalcommunicationlinesduetodamagefromwildlife,fishingtrawlersandearthquakes,TheGuardianreports.

Google’sreinforcedcableswillbeinstalledaspartofanew$300millionsystemconnectingtheUnitedStatestoJapan,accordingtoapressreleasefromprojectpartnerNEC.ItwillresultinanInternetconnectionthatrelaysinformationacrossthePacificOceanat60terabytespersecond.That’sgoodnewsforInternetusers,butmaybethesharkshaveahiddenreason:Perhapsthey’resimplyfedupwithfear-mongeringdocumentariesthatcasttheminanegativelight.

1.Whatdoes“thesame”inParagraph1referto?

2.WhatisemphasizedinParagraph2?

3.Whydosharksbitefiber-opticcables?

4.Itcanbelearnedthatsharks（）.

5.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thekillersmakingsnacksoutoftourists.

B.Theriskofgettingeatenbysharks.

C.Theundeservedreputationofsharks.

D.Thesmallchanceofsharkattacks.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thedamagetocablescausedbysharks.

B.Thecostofunderseacablelines.

C.Thefunctionofunderwatercameras.

D.Thedevelopmentofunderseacables.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theymistakecablesforfish.

B.They