考研考博-英語(yǔ)-云南司法警官職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-云南司法警官職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Untilthen,hisfamily（）fromhimforsixyears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.didn’thear

B.hasn’tbeenhearing

C.hadn’theard

D.hasn’theard

【答案】C

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。題干中有關(guān)鍵的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)untilthen以及forsixmonths提示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作延續(xù)到過去的某一時(shí)刻才完成，因此謂語(yǔ)要用過去完成時(shí)，表示過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情。句意：直到那時(shí)，他家里已經(jīng)六個(gè)月沒收到他的來(lái)信了。A選項(xiàng)didn'’hear,一般過去時(shí)只表示過去發(fā)生的事情或存在的狀態(tài),不能與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)forsixmonths，A選項(xiàng)排除，連用.B)hasn’tbeenhearing,現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)刻繼續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在還在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,與題意不符。C選項(xiàng)hasn’theard，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示從過去某一時(shí)刻到現(xiàn)在為止發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。而題中的then只表示過去的某一時(shí)刻，不能表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。由選項(xiàng)意思，固定搭配和句意可知，C選項(xiàng)符合句意。

2.單選題

Eventhoughcultureswidelyassumethatboysarestrongerandsturdierthangirls,basicbiologicalweaknessesarebuiltintothemaleofourspecies.Firstofall,humanmalesseemtobeslowlydisappearing.MotherNaturehasalwaysacknowledgedandcompensatedforthefragilityandlossofboysbyarrangingformoreofthem:106malebirthsto100femalenewbornsoverthecourseofhumanhistory.Butinrecentdecades,fromtheUnitedStatestoJapan,fromCanadatonorthernEurope,whereverresearchershavelooked,therateofmalenewbornshasdeclined.ExaminingUSbirthrecordsfortheyearsbetween1970and1990,theyfound1.7fewerboysper1,000thanindecadesandcenturiespast;Japan'slossinthesamedecadeswas3.7boys.

Boysarealsomorethantwo-thirdsmorelikelythangirlstobebomprematurelybeforethe37thweekofpregnancy.And,despiteadvancesinpublichealth,boysinthe1990sfaceda30percenthigherchanceofdeathbytheirfirstbirthdaythangirls;incontrast,backinthe1750s,theywereonly10percentmorelikelythangirlstodiesoearlyintheirlives.

Oncetheymakeittochildhood,boysfaceotherchallenges.Theyaremorepronetoarangeofneurologicaldisorders.Autism自閉癥isnotoriouslyhigheramongboysthangirls:nownearlyfivetimesmorelikely,astalliedbytheUSCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.Theyaremoresusceptiblethangirlstodamagefromverylow-levelexposuretolead.Yetanotherproblem:boyssufferfromasthmaathigherrates.There'salsoastrongerlinkbetweenairpollutionandautisminboys.

Whydoboysfacesuchaburdenofphysicalchallenges?Theansweristhatthemale’sproblemsstartinthewomb:fromhismorecomplicatedfetaldevelopment,tohisgeneticmakeup,tohowhishormoneswork.Thenine-monthtransformationfromafewcellstoaninfantisatimeofgreatvulnerability.Manychronicillnessesareseededinthewomb.Inourspecies,thefemaleisthedefaultgender,thebasicsimplermodel:Humansstartoutinthewombwithfemalefeatures(thatiswhymaleshavenipples).Thecomplicatedtransformationinthewombfromfemaletomaleexposesthemaletoajourneypackedwithspecialperils.Whenthefirstblastoftestosterone睪酮fromtheYgenecomesalongatabouttheeighthweek,theunisexbrainhastomorphintoamalebrain,killingoffsomecellsinthecommunicationcentersandgrowingmorecellsinthesexandaggressioncenters.Thesimplerfemalereproductivesystemhastoturnintothemorecomplexmalereproductivetract,developingtissuessuchasthetestisandprostate前列腺.Further,ittakesagreaternumberofcelldivisionstomakeamale;witheachcomesthegreaterriskofanerroraswellasthegreatervulnerabilitytoahitfrompollutants.

Ontopofthatchallenge,thehumanmale’sXYchromosome染色體combinationissimplymorevulnerable.ThetwoXXsinthefemaleversionofourspeciesoffersomeprotection:IndisorderswhereoneXchromosomehasageneticdefect,thefemale’shealthybackupchromosomecantakeover.ButwithhissingleXchromosome,themalelacksahealthycopyofthegenetofallbackon.TheXchromosome,whichnevershrank,isalsoalargerchromosome“withfarmoregeneticinformationthantheYchromosome，’’findsIrvaHertz-Piciotto,aUniversityofCaliforniaatDavisautismresearcher,“sotheremaybesomeinherentlossofkeyproteinsforbraindevelopmentorrepairmechanismsinboys.”Thisisacluetothehigherautismrateamongboys,sheasserts.

Femalesalsohaveastrongerimmunesystembecausetheyarepackedwithestrogen雌激素，ahormonethatcounteractstheantioxidantprocess.“Estrogenprotectsthebrain,”explainsTheodoreSlotkin,professorofneurobiologyatDukeUniversity'sSchoolofMedicine.“Itrepairsandreplaces,evenafterneuralinjury,”Lowestrogenevenleavesboysmoresensitivetoheadinjuries.Themalebrain“issimplyamorefragileapparatus,moresensitivetoalmostallbraininsults,”saysleadpoisoningexpertHerbertNeedleman.

Itisthehighlevelsoftestosteroneinthewombatcriticaltimesingestation,accordingtoBritishpsychopathologistSimonBaron-Cohen,thatareresponsibleforwhathecalls“theextrememalebrain”--thekindexhibitedbyautisticboys-lowinempathy,highinsystematizing.AndinfactUSresearchersinrecentdecadeshavefoundunusuallylowestrogenandhightestosteronelevelsamongboyswithautism.

Ifthebalanceofhormonesisoutofwhackinmales,whatmadethathappen?Researchersarecomingupwithsomeclues.IntheNewYorkCityneighborhoodsnearColumbiaUniversity'sCenterforChildren’sEnvironmentalHealth,familiesforyearsroutinelysprayedtheirapartmentswithapopularinsecticide,chlorpyrifos,untilitwasbannedfromhouseholdusein2001.TheresearchersfoundthatprenatalexposuretothechemicalseemedtohavemoreofaneffectonreducingtheIQsofboysthangirls.Disruptionoftheirmalehormonesmaybethereason,“Onepossibleexplanationforthegreatersensitivityofboystochlorpyrifosisthattheinsecticideactsasanendocrinedisruptor肉分泌'干擾素tosuppresssex-specifichormones,”saidstudyleaderMeganHortonofColumbia.

Similarly,pregnantmothers'exposuretophthalates鄰苯二甲酸酉旨一usedinmakingsomevinyl乙矯基productsandtoysaswellassomepersonalcareproducts-hasbeenlinkedtobiggerchangesinthebehavior,suchasaggressionandattentionproblems,oftheirsonsthantheirdaughters.Phthalatesalsomayfeminizemalegenitalia.

BoysalsoseemtobemorevulnerabletobisphenolA,anestrogenicsubstanceusedtomakepolycarbonateplasticsaswellastheliningsoffoodandbeveragecans.Boys,butnotgirls,exposedtohigherbisphenolAlevelsinthewomborduringchildhoodhadmorehyperactivity,aggressionandanxietyproblems,accordingtoaUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeleystudy.Inaddition,pregnantwomenexposedtohigherlevelsofthechemicalgavebirthtobabyboyswithlowerthyroidhormones甲狀腺激素.Nosucheffectwasdetectedinthebabygirls.Nooneknowswhattheselowerlevelsmaymeanfortheboys’healthbecausetheyremainedwithinnormalboundaries,butitcouldhaveimportanteffectsbecausethyroidhormonesguidebraindevelopment.

Someofthesechemicalsactlikefakeestrogens,otherslikefaketestosterone,butbothtypesseemtodisruptnormaldevelopment.Animaltestsshowthatadoseofthesechemicalsinflictthemostdamagewhenithitsafetus.And,becauseoftheirbiologicalvulnerabilities,itisboyswhomayexperiencethemosteffects.Whilenotforgoingthepushforfairnessandequality,itseemswisetoacceptthescientificrealityofmaleweaknesses.Thislikelywon'tmeantheendofmen,buttheirvulnerabilitytoenvironmentalcontaminantsanddiseasescouldhaveseriousramificationsforthefutureoftheentirehumanraceunlesswefindwaystoprotectthemfromharm.

1.IftextBisaccurate,thentheevidencefortheassertionthathumanmalesaregraduallydisappearingis（

）.

2.Comparedwithgirls,boysare（

）.

3.Nipplesinhumansarefoundonthe（

）.

4.Inparagraph10theauthorassertsthatchronicdiseases（

）.

5.Backupinparagraph11meanssomethingthat（

）.

6.Thelevelsofthyroidhormonesinnewbommales,mentionedinparagraph16,（

）.

7.ImaginethatenvironmentalpollutioncontinuesatcurrentorhigherlevelsinChina.IftheinformationintextBiscorrect,thenChinesedoctorsshouldexpecttoobserve（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.incontrovertible

B.soweakastocalltheassertionintoquestion

C.largelyfromadvancedindustrialsocietiesandneedstobesupplementedwithdatafromothertypesofsocieties

D.strongenoughtowarrantfutureresearchintothepost-masculineworldthatliesahead

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.aboutequallyabletosurvivetotheirfirstbirthday.

B.stilllesslikelytosurviveforayearafterbirth,butthegapisnarrowing.

C.lesslikelytosurvivetilltheirfirstbirthday,andthegapiswiderthaninearliercenturies.

D.muchlikeliertosurvivetotheirfirstbirthday,thoughthegapisnotsowideasitwasinthe1700s.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.head.

B.chest.

C.hips.

D.limbs.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.beginbeforebirthbutonlybecomeapparentovertime.

B.arelesscharacteristicofwomenthanofmen.

C.originate,asarule,beforechildrenarebom.

D.areoftentheeventualresultofprenatalconditionsandstresses.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.canstepinandtakeoverthefunctionofsomethingthatisnotworkingproperly.

B.destroysamalfunctioningpart,thusbenefitingtheoverallsystemororganism.

C.preventsasystemfromcontinuingalongapaththatmayendinbreakdownordestruction.

D.canreverseandchangeitsdirectionwhenitencountersaproblem,thusenablingaprocesstocontinue.

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.arenotalarminginthemselves,butsignificantbecausetheyaresodifferentformalesandfemales.

B.willdefinitelyleadtomorebrain-damagedboysthangirls,

C.seemcertaintoproduceamarkedgapinbraindevelopmentthatwillfavorgirlsoverboys.

D.leadtomorehyperactivity,aggressionandanxietyamongmalechildrenthanamongfemales.

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.adeclineintheratesofautism,asthmaandbraindamagefromleadpoisoningamongChinesechildren

B.aroughlysimilarpatternofincreasingincidenceofautism,asthmaandlead-linkedbraindamageamongallmainlandchildren

C.fewercasesofasthmaamongboysgrowingupinmainlandcitiesandtownsbutmorecasesofautismandlead-linkedbraindamageamongallChinesechildren

D.moreautism,asthmaandlead-linkedbraindamageamongChineseboysgrowingupincitiesthanamongothergroupsofyoungpeopleinthePRC

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:C

第7題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。第十七段:Thislikelywon'tmeantheendofmen(但這將不可能意味著男性的消失……)。由此可知B項(xiàng)“說(shuō)服力不強(qiáng)，以致對(duì)此觀點(diǎn)仍存懷疑”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第八段:...inthe1990sfaceda30percenthigherchanceofdeathbytheirfirstbirthdaythangirls;backinthe1750s,theywereonly10percentmorelikelythangirlstodiesoearlyintheirlives(在20世紀(jì)90年代，男嬰相比女嬰在他們一歲生日前的死亡率高出30%,而在18世紀(jì)50年，這個(gè)比例只有10%)。由此可知C項(xiàng)“更不可能存活到他們的一歲生日，且相比早些的世紀(jì)，這個(gè)死亡率的差距變得更大”正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)常識(shí)乳頭在人的胸部，所以選擇B項(xiàng)“胸部”。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第十段指出:Manychronicillnessesareseededinthewomb(許多慢性疾病在子宮內(nèi)就產(chǎn)生),由此可知C項(xiàng)“一般說(shuō)來(lái)，產(chǎn)生于孩子出生之前”正確。

5.詞義題。根據(jù)題干定位至第十三段:IndisorderswhereoneXchromosomehasageneticdefect,thefemale'shealthybackupchromosomecantakeover(在一個(gè)X染色體有遺傳缺陷的疾病中，女性健康的備用染色體可以取代)。由此可知A項(xiàng)“可以介入并接管無(wú)法正常工作的部分的功能”正確。

6.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第十六段指出:Nooneknowswhattheselowerlevelsmaymeanfortheboys'healthbecausetheyremainedwithinnormalboundaries,butitcouldhaveimportanteffectsbecausethyroidhormonesguidebraindevelopment(沒有人知道甲狀腺激素水平低下可能會(huì)對(duì)男孩身體健康產(chǎn)生哪些影響，因?yàn)樗鼈內(nèi)蕴幵谡Ｋ椒秶畠?nèi)，但是它會(huì)導(dǎo)致重大影響，因?yàn)榧谞钕偌に匾龑?dǎo)大腦的發(fā)育)。由此可知C項(xiàng)“在大腦發(fā)育上似乎肯定會(huì)產(chǎn)生明顯差距，而這種差距將更有助于女孩子的大腦發(fā)育”正確。

7.推理判斷題。第九段:Boyssufferfromasthma哮喘athigherrates（男孩子得哮喘的機(jī)率更高）,There’salsoastrongerlinkbetweenairpollutionandautisminboys(這些與空氣污染和男孩易得自閉癥有很大關(guān)系)。由此可知D項(xiàng)“與在中國(guó)成長(zhǎng)的其他年輕人相比，中國(guó)男孩得自閉癥、哮喘與鉛中毒致腦損傷的幾率更高”正確。

3.單選題

DeadSeaisasaltwaterlakeinsouthwesternAsia.Itsshore,whichliesabout399metersbelowsealevel,isthelowestplaceonthesurfaceoftheearth.TheDeadSeaisthesaltiestbodyofwaterintheworld.Itisaboutninetimesassaltyastheocean.ThelakeliesatthemouthoftheRiverJordanandformspartoftheborderbetweenIsraelandJordan.

ThesaltywatersofDeadSeaappearsmoothandsparkling.Rockyandbarrenlandsurroundsthelake,andsteep,brightlycoloredcliffsriseaboveitseasternandwesternbanks.ThelakeiscalledtheDeadSeabecausefewplantsandnofishexceptbrineshrimpliveinitswaters.Inaddition,littleplantlifegrowsinthesaltysoilaroundtheDeadSea.

TheDeadSealiesintheGhor,adeepfault(breakintheearth'soutershell,alongwhichrockhasmoved).Thelakecoversabout1,040squarekilometers.Itis18kilometerswideatitswidestpointandabout80kilometerslong.

ApeninsulacalledAtLisanjutsintotheDeadSeafromitseasternshoreanddividesthelakeintoalargenorthernbasinandasmallersouthernbasin.Thelake'sdeepestpartisinthenorthernbasin.Inthisarea,thelakebosomlies400metersbelowthesurfaceandabout799metersbelowsealevel.

Sincetheearly1900's,thewaterleveloftheDeadSeahasbeenslowlyfalling.Theregiongetslessthan100millimetersofrainannually.TheRiverJordanandseveralstreamspourrelativelyfreshwaterintothelake.Thefreshwatermixeswithsaltywateratthesurface.Butextremeheatintheareacausesthiswatertoevaporaterapidly.Thus,theDeadSeanevergrowslesssalty.Thehighsaltcontentofthewaterprovidesgreatbuoyancy,enablingswimmerstofloatwithease.

TheDeadSeacontainslargequantitiesofminerals,includingcommonsalt,bromine,calciumchloride,andpotassiumchloride.AnIsraelicompanycalledtheDeadSeaWorkextractsthemineralsfromthewaterforuseinmakingsuchproductsastablesalt,fertilizer,anddrugs.

AtthesouthernendoftheDeadSeaanetworkofdikesformsshallowpoolsthatcovermorethat100squarekilometers.Thesepoolsevaporateandleavebehindmineralsolids,whicharethenrefinedbytheDeadSeaWorks.SomepeoplebelievethatbathingintheDeadSeaishealthfulbecauseofitshighmineralcontent.Severalhealthresortsintheareaprovidefacilitiesforbathers.

TheDeadSeawasprobablyformedmillionsofyearsagowhentheArabianpeninsulaandtheAfricancontinentshiftedandformedtheGreatRiftValley.TheDeadSeaismentionedintheBibleasTheSaltSea.TheancientcitiesofSodomandGomorrahstoodnearthelake.

1.WhatarethestrikingmainfeaturesoftheDeadSea?

2.Extremeheatisresponsiblefor（）.

3.Scholarsarenotquitesureabout（）.

4.TheDeadSeais（）.

5.ThewaterintheDeadSeaissosaltythatpeoplecan（）.

6.Fromthepassage,wecanconcludethat（）.

7.Inthephrase"Inthisarea"inline3ofparagraph4,"thisarea"refersto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.DeadSeaisapartofAsia.

B.Itisthesaltiestandlowestlakeoftheworld.

C.DeadSeaisnotsodeadthatsomefishcanliveinitswater.

D.Theregiongetsalotrainannually.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thehighsaltcontentofthewater

B.richresources

C.alonghistory

D.thewateroftheDeadSea

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theSaltSea

B.theBible

C.minerals

D.theformationoftheDeadSea

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.tothesoutheasternAsia

B.notbarrenland

C.abundantinminerals

D.dead

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.batheinitformedicalpurpose

B.swiminit

C.floateasilyinthewater

D.useitastheonlysourceforsalt

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.thewaterlevelnowislowerthanitwasbeforeearly1900's

B.manyhealthresortsarebuiltaroundtheDeadSeasinceearly1900's

C.thereisnolifeintheDeadSea

D.theheavyraineachyeargreatlydilutethewaterintheDeadSea

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.theDeadSea

B.AtLisan

C.Northernbasin

D.Southernbasin

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

第6題:A

第7題:C

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的二三句“Itsshore,whichliesabout399metersbelowsealevel,isthelowestplaceonthesurfaceoftheearth.TheDeadSeaisthesaltiestbodyofwaterintheworld.”可知,死海最顯著的幾個(gè)特征是海拔最低,海水最咸,所以選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第五段的倒數(shù)二三句“Butextremeheatintheareacausesthiswatertoevaporaterapidly.Thus,theDeadSeanevergrowslesssalty.”該地區(qū)的極端高溫導(dǎo)致這些水迅速蒸發(fā)。因此,死海的鹽分從未減少過。也就是海水含鹽量大,所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

3.根據(jù)最后一段的第一句“TheDeadSeawasprobablyformedmillionsofyearsago...”由“probably”可以推測(cè),學(xué)者們對(duì)死海的形成不太確定。選項(xiàng)D正確。

4.根據(jù)第七段倒數(shù)第二句“...bathingintheDeadSeaishealthfulbecauseofitshighmineralcontent.”有些人認(rèn)為,在死海洗澡是健康的,因?yàn)樗缓V物質(zhì)。選項(xiàng)C正確。

5.根據(jù)第五段最后一句“Thehighsaltcontentofthewaterprovidesgreatbuoyancy,enablingswimmerstofloatwithease.”含鹽量極高的水提供了巨大的浮力,使游泳者可以輕松漂浮。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

6.根據(jù)第五段第一句“Sincetheearly1900's,thewaterleveloftheDeadSeahasbeenslowlyfalling.”可知選項(xiàng)A符合原文,其他選項(xiàng)均表述錯(cuò)誤。

7.根據(jù)原文上一句提到,這個(gè)湖最深的地方在北部水域,下一句指出湖泊位于水面以下400米,海平面以下約799米,說(shuō)明“Inthisarea”指的就是北部水域,選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.單選題

Idon'tthinkthechargeforoverhaulingtheequipmentisexcessivein（

）toitssize.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.correspondence

B.equation

C.proportion

D.dimension

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。correspondence意為“一致，符合”；equation意為“方程式，等式，相等”；proportion意為“份額，比例”，inproportionto意為“與……成比例，與……相稱”；dimension意為“尺寸，規(guī)?！?。

句意：相對(duì)于它的尺寸來(lái)說(shuō)，我認(rèn)為大修這個(gè)設(shè)備所花的費(fèi)用并不過分。

5.單選題

Mrs.Greenhasbeenlivingintownonlyoneyear,yetsheseemstobe（）witheveryonewhocomestothestore.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.accepted

B.admitted

C.admired

D.acquainted

【答案】D

【解析】acquaint使認(rèn)識(shí),

使了解；accept接受；admit招收,

承認(rèn)；admire

欽佩,

贊美,

羨慕。beacquaintedwithsb.為固定搭配，意為與...相識(shí)。句意：格林夫人在城里只住了一年，但她似乎認(rèn)識(shí)來(lái)商店的每一個(gè)人。

6.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Scientistsarehopingtoeliminatemalaria（瘧疾）bydevelopingageneticallymodifiedmosquitothatcannottransmitthedisease.MalariahaslongtroubledthepopulationsofSouthAmerica,Africa,andAsia,wheremosquitobitesinfectupto500millionpeopleayearwiththisseriousandsometimesfatalparasiticblooddisease.Forgenerations,scientistshavebeentryingtoeliminatemalariabydevelopingnewdrugsandusingpesticide（殺蟲劑）towipeoutlocalmosquitopopulations.Butthesemeasuresaren’tworking—andsomescientist,likeGregLanzaro,saythatbecauseofdrugresistanceandpopulationchanges,malariaisactuallymoreprevalentnowthanitwas20yearsago.Lanzarosayshehasabetterwaytostopthespreadofmalaria:geneticallymodifyingmosquitoessotheyareunabletocarrythedisease.

Lanzaroandhiscolleaguesareplanningamulti-yearprojecttoproducemalaria-resistantmosquitoesandhethinkstheycandoitwithinfiveyears.“Wecangetforeignintomosquitoesandtheygowherethey’resupposedtogo,”Lanzarosays,pointingoutthatscientistshavealreadysucceededingeneticallyengineeringmosquitoesthatcannottransmitmalariatobirdsandmice.Andhesays,scientistsarequicklymakingprogressongenesthatblocktransmissionofthediseasetohumansaswell.

Themostdifficultpartscientifically,Lanzarosays,isfiguringouthowtogetthelab-engineeredmosquitoestospreadtheirgenesintonaturalpopulations.Afterall,hepointsout;it’suselesstoengineermosquitoesinthelabthatcan’ttransmitmalariawhentherearemillionsoutinthewildthatcan.Tosolvethisproblem,LanzarowantstoloadupamobilepieceofDMAwiththemalaria-resistantgene,andtheninsertitintoagroupofmosquitoembryos.Themalaria-resistantgenewouldbeintegrateddirectlyintothemosquitoes’DNA,makingitimpossibleforthosemosquitoestotransmittheparasitethatcausesmalaria.Inthiswayasmallgroupoflab-raisedmosquitoescouldbereleasedintothewild,andbyinterbreedingwithwildmosquitoes,eventuallytransmitthebeneficialgenetotheentirepopulation.

61.Onereasonformalariatobemorewidespreadnowisthat（）.

A.morepeoplehavemovedtomalaria-infectedareas

B.mosquitoeshavebecomeresistanttopesticides

C.geneticallymodifiedmosquitoesstilltransmitthedisease

D.mosquitoesbiteasmanyas500millionpeopleayear

62.Lanzaroishopefulthatinafewyearmancan（）.

A.starttoeliminatemalaria

B.cureparasiticblooddiseases

C.preventmicefromtransmittingparasites

D.acquireimmunityagainstmalaria

63.Lanzaroisconfidentthatscientistcanblockthetransmissionsofmalariatohumansbecause（）.

A.naturalmosquitopopulationsdonotchange

B.scientistshavesucceededwithbirdsandmice

C.foreigngenesalwaysgowheretheyarerequired

D.lab-raisedmosquitoeswillnotberesistanttodrugs

64.WhatisthemostdifficultpartofLanzaro’sproject?

A.Spreadingmalaria-resistantgenesintonaturalmosquitopopulations.

B.Raisingmalaria-resistantmosquitoes.

C.Makinggenesthatblockthetransmissionofmalaria.

D.Identifyingmalaria-resistantgenes.

65.Accordingtothepassage,afundamentalwaytowipeoutmalariaisto（）.

A.developnewmalaria-resistantdrugs

B.produceeffectivepesticidestokillmosquitoes

C.changethegeneticmakeupofmosquitoes

D.removepeoplefrommalaria-infectedareas

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.morepeoplehavemovedtomalaria-infectedareas

B.mosquitoeshavebecomeresistanttopesticides

C.geneticallymodifiedmosquitoesstilltransmitthedisease

D.mosquitoesbiteasmanyas500millionpeopleayear

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.starttoeliminatemalaria

B.cureparasiticblooddiseases

C.preventmicefromtransmittingparasites

D.acquireimmunityagainstmalaria

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.naturalmosquitopopulationsdonotchange

B.scientistshavesucceededwithbirdsandmice

C.foreigngenesalwaysgowheretheyarerequired

D.lab-raisedmosquitoeswillnotberesistanttodrugs

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Spreadingmalaria-resistantgenesintonaturalmosquitopopulations.

B.Raisingmalaria-resistantmosquitoes.

C.Makinggenesthatblockthetransmissionofmalaria.

D.Identifyingmalaria-resistantgenes.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.developnewmalaria-resistantdrugs

B.produceeffectivepesticidestokillmosquitoes

C.changethegeneticmakeupofmosquitoes

D.removepeoplefrommalaria-infectedareas

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由malariatobemorewidespread定位到文章第一段倒數(shù)第二句“…becauseofdrugresistanceandpopulationchanges,malariaisactuallymoreprevalentnowthanitwas20yearsago”，由于耐藥性和人口變化，瘧疾現(xiàn)在實(shí)際上比20年前更流行。由此可知，瘧疾的流行與其耐藥性有關(guān)。A選項(xiàng)“morepeoplehavemovedtomalaria-infectedareas”，意為“更多的人搬到瘧疾感染地區(qū)”，這是瘧疾變得更流行后的結(jié)果，它導(dǎo)致了更多的人住在瘧疾感染地區(qū)；B選項(xiàng)“mosquitoeshavebecomeresistanttopesticides”意為“蚊子已對(duì)殺蟲劑產(chǎn)生了抗藥性”，蚊子就是瘧疾的傳播者，蚊子對(duì)殺蟲劑產(chǎn)生耐藥性，所以瘧疾傳播得更廣；C選項(xiàng)“geneticallymodifiedmosquitoesstilltransmitthedisease”意為“轉(zhuǎn)基因蚊子仍然傳播這種疾病”，原文中科學(xué)家們?cè)噲D通過轉(zhuǎn)基因的蚊子來(lái)消滅瘧疾，這些轉(zhuǎn)基因蚊子是不能傳播疾病的；D選項(xiàng)“mosquitoesbiteasmanyas500millionpeopleayear”意為“蚊子每年叮咬多達(dá)5億人”，這是現(xiàn)狀不是導(dǎo)致的原因。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第2題:判斷推理題。由Lanzaro定位到文章第二段第一句“Lanzaroandhiscolleaguesareplanningamulti-yearprojecttoproducemalaria-resistantmosquitoesandhethinkstheycandoitwithinfiveyears”，蘭薩羅和他的同事們正在計(jì)劃一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期的項(xiàng)目來(lái)制造抗瘧疾的蚊子，他認(rèn)為他們可以在5年內(nèi)做到。由此可知，蘭薩羅正計(jì)劃消滅瘧疾。A選項(xiàng)“starttoeliminatemalaria”，意為“開始消滅瘧疾”，與原文相符；B選項(xiàng)“cureparasiticblooddiseases”意為“治療寄生蟲性血液病”，與原文不符，蘭薩羅不是治療疾病而是尋找消滅瘧疾的辦法；C選項(xiàng)“preventmicefromtransmittingparasites”意為“防止老鼠傳播寄生蟲”，與原文不符，原文中是蚊子不會(huì)傳播寄生蟲給老鼠；D選項(xiàng)“acquireimmunityagainstmalaria”意為“獲得抗瘧疾免疫力”，原文并未提及抗瘧疾免疫力。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第3題:判斷推理題。由Lanzaro定位到文章第二段第二句“…pointingoutthatscientistshavealreadysucceededingeneticallyengineeringmosquitoesthatcannottransmitmalariatobirdsandmice”，他指出，科學(xué)家已經(jīng)成功地對(duì)蚊子進(jìn)行了基因改造，使它們不會(huì)將瘧疾傳播給鳥類和老鼠。由此可知，科學(xué)家在鳥類和老鼠身上已經(jīng)取得了成功，蚊子不會(huì)傳播寄生蟲到它們身上。A選項(xiàng)“naturalmosquitopopulationsdonotchange”，意為“蚊子的自然數(shù)量不會(huì)改變”，原文未提及蚊子數(shù)量的變化；B選項(xiàng)“scientistshavesucceededwithbirdsandmice”意為“科學(xué)家已經(jīng)在鳥類和老鼠身上取得了成功”，與原文相符；C選項(xiàng)“foreigngenesalwaysgowheretheyarerequired”意為“外來(lái)基因總是去需要它們的地方”，與原文不符，原文是讓外來(lái)基因進(jìn)入蚊子體內(nèi)；D選項(xiàng)“l(fā)ab-raisedmosquitoeswillnotberesistanttodrugs”意為“實(shí)驗(yàn)室飼養(yǎng)的蚊子不會(huì)對(duì)藥物產(chǎn)生抗藥性”，原文并未提及實(shí)驗(yàn)室蚊子的抗藥性。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由mostdifficultpart定位到文章第三段第一句“Themostdifficultpartscientifically,Lanzarosays,isfiguringouthowtogetthelab-engineeredmosquitoestospreadtheirgenesintonaturalpopulations”，蘭薩羅說(shuō)，科學(xué)上最困難的部分是弄清楚如何讓實(shí)驗(yàn)室改造的蚊子將它們的基因傳播到自然種群中。由此可知，將抗瘧疾基因傳播到蚊子的自然種群中是蘭薩羅面對(duì)的難題。A選項(xiàng)“Spreadingmalaria-resistantgenesintonaturalmosquitopopulations”，意為“將抗瘧疾基因傳播到天然蚊子種群中”，與原文相符；B選項(xiàng)“Raisingmalaria-resistantmosquitoes”意為“培育抗瘧疾的蚊子”，原文中實(shí)驗(yàn)室已經(jīng)培育出抗瘧疾的蚊子；C選項(xiàng)“Makinggenesthatblockthetransmissionofmalaria”意為“制造阻止瘧疾傳播的基因”，與原文不符，原文中實(shí)驗(yàn)室已經(jīng)能制造抗瘧疾的基因；D選項(xiàng)“Identifyingmalaria-resistantgenes”意為“識(shí)別抗瘧疾基因”，原文中實(shí)驗(yàn)室可以將抗瘧疾基因插入蚊子胚胎，說(shuō)明識(shí)別抗瘧疾基因不是難題。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第5題:判斷推理題。由afundamentalwaytowipeoutmalaria定位到文章第一段最后一句“Lanzarosayshehasabetterwaytostopthespreadofmalaria:geneticallymodifyingmosquitoessotheyareunabletocarrythedisease”，蘭薩羅說(shuō)，他有一個(gè)更好的方法來(lái)阻止瘧疾的傳播：對(duì)蚊子進(jìn)行基因改造，使它們無(wú)法攜帶這種疾病。由此可知，改變蚊子的基因，使它們攜帶抗瘧疾基因是阻止瘧疾傳播的有效辦法。C選項(xiàng)“changethegeneticmakeupofmosquitoes”意為“改變蚊子的基因組成”與原文相符。A選項(xiàng)“developnewmalaria-resistantdrugs”，意為“開發(fā)新的抗瘧疾藥物”，B選項(xiàng)“produceeffectivepesticidestokillmosquitoes”意為“生產(chǎn)有效的殺蟲劑殺死蚊子”和D選項(xiàng)“removepeoplefrommalaria-infectedareas”意為“將人移出瘧疾感染地區(qū)”，這三種辦法原文均沒有提及。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

Duringthenineteenyearsofhiscareer,FranceBattiatehaswonthe______ofawideaudienceoutsideItaly.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.recognition

B.appreciation

C.reputation

D.evaluation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。recognition“識(shí)別，承認(rèn)”；appreciation“欣賞”；reputation“名聲，名譽(yù)”；evaluation“評(píng)價(jià)”。句意：在19年的職業(yè)生涯中，法國(guó)Battiate贏得了意大利以外廣大讀者的贊賞。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

8.單選題

Shesaysthefilesshelookedatweren’tconfidentialandwere（）forconsultationbyanyseniormemberofstaff.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.freeavailable

B.freelyavailing

C.freeavailably

D.freelyavailable

【答案】D

【解析】語(yǔ)法和固定搭配。根據(jù)空格前的be動(dòng)詞were可知，空格處的中心詞應(yīng)該是一個(gè)形容詞。available“可獲得的，可購(gòu)得的”；availably“有效用地，可獲得地”；availing為動(dòng)詞avail的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。所以排除選項(xiàng)B和C。形容詞前可有副詞修飾，freely“免費(fèi)地，自由地”，free“免費(fèi)的，自由的”。句意：她說(shuō)她看的文件不是機(jī)密的，并且任何高級(jí)職員都可以免費(fèi)獲得這些文件的咨詢。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

9.單選題

Theworkintheofficewas（

）byaconstantstreamofvisitors.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.confused

B.hampered

C.reversed

D.perplexed

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。confuse“使混亂，使困惑”；hamper“妨礙，束縛”；reverse“顛倒，倒轉(zhuǎn)”；perplex“使……困惑，使……為難”。句意：辦公室的工作被接連不斷的來(lái)訪人員妨礙了。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

10.單選題

Painting,theexecutionofformsandshapesonasurfacebymeansofpigment,hasbeencontinuouslypracticedbyhumansforsome20,000years.Togetherwithotheractivities（1）ritualisticinoriginbuthavecometobedesignatedasartistic（suchasmusicordance）,paintingwasoneoftheearliestwaysinwhichman（2）toexpresshisownpersonalityandhis（3）understandingofanexistencebeyondthematerialworld.（4）musicanddance,however,examplesofearlyformsofpaintinghavesurvivedtothepresentday.Themoderneyecanderiveaestheticaswellasantiquariansatisfaction（5）the15,000-year-oldcavemuralsofLascaux—someexamples（6）totheconsiderablepowersofdraftsmanshipoftheseearlyartists.Andpainting,likeotherarts,exhibitsuniversalqualitiesthat（7）forviewersofallnationsandcivilizationstounderstandandappreciate.

Themajor（8）examplesofearlypaintinganywhereintheworldarefoundinWesternEuropeandtheSovietUnion.Butsome5,000yearsago,theareasinwhichimportantpaintingswereexecuted（9）totheeasternM