考研考博-英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

世界上一些國(guó)家發(fā)生問題，從根本上來(lái)說(shuō)，都是因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)上不去，沒有飯吃，沒有衣穿，沒有房住，工資增長(zhǎng)被通貨膨脹抵消。

【答案】

Basically,problemsinsomecountriesarecausedbypooreconomy,nofoodandnoclothingandnoshelter.Meanwhile,wagegrowthisoffsetbyinflation,whichalsoresultsintheseproblems.

2.單選題

Areportpublishedrecentlybringsbadnewsaboutairpollution.Itsuggeststhatitcouldbeasdamagingtoourhealthasexposuretotheradiationfromthe1986Ukrainenuclearpowerdisaster.ThereportwaspublishedbytheUKRoyalCommissiononEnvironmentalPollution.Butwhatcancitypeopledotoreduceexposuretoairpollution?Quitealot,itturnsout.

Avoidwalkinginbusystreets.Choosesidestreetsandparksinstead.Pollutionlevelscanfallaconsiderableamountjustbymovingafewmetersawayfromthemainpollutionsource—exhaustfumes(煙氣).Alsodon’twalkbehindsmokers.Walkonthewindwardsideofthestreetwhereexposuretopollutantscanbe50percentlessthanonthedownwindside.

Sittingonthedriver’ssideofabuscanincreaseyourexposureby10percent,comparedwithsittingonthesidenearestthepavement.Sittingupstairsonadouble-deckercanreduceexposure.Itisdifficulttosaywhethertravelingonanundergroundtrainisbetterorworsethantakingthebus.Airpollutiononundergroundtrainstendstobe,lesstoxicthanthatatstreetlevel,becauseundergroundpollutionismostlymadeupoftinyironparticlesthrownupbywheelshittingtherails.Butdieselandpetrolfumeshaveamixtureofpollutants.

Whenyouarecrossingaroad,standwellbackfromthecurbwhileyouwaitforthelighttochange.Everymeterreallydoescountwhenyouareclosetotraffic.Asthetrafficbeginstomove,fumescanbereducedinjustafewseconds.Soholdingyourbreathforjustamomentcanmakeadifference,eventhoughitmightsoundsilly.

Therearelargesuddenpollutionincreasesduringrushhours.Pollutionlevelsfallduringnighttime.Thetimeofyearalsomakesabigdifference.Pollutionlevelstendtobeattheirlowestduringspringandautumnwhenwindsarefreshest.Extremecoldorhotweatherhasatrappingeffectandtendstocauseabuild-upofpollutants.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.Accordingtothereport,airpollutioninbigcities（）.

3.Whenyouwalkinabusystreet,youshouldwalkontheside（）.

4.IfyoutakeabusinabigcityinChina,youshouldsit（）.

5.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Howtofightairpollutioninbigcities.t

B.Howtoavoidairpollutioninbigcities.t

C.Howtobreathefreshairinbigcities.t

D.Howseriousairpollutionisinbigcities.t

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.canbemoreseriousthanChermobylnucleardisastert

B.cannotbecomparedwiththedisasterinChermobylt

C.canreleaseasdamagingradiationastheChermobyldisastert

D.canbemoreseriousthanweusedtothinkt

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.wherethewindiscomingt

B.wherethewindisgoingt

C.wherethewindisweakert

D.wherethewindisstrongert

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.ontheleftsideinthebust

B.ontherightsideinthebust

C.inthemiddleofthebust

D.atthebackofthebust

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.peopleshouldnottakestreetleveltransportationt

B.tinyironparticleswillnotcausehealthproblemst

C.airpollutiononanundergroundtrainislesspoisonoust

D.travelingonanundergroundtrainisbetterthantakingthebus

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章的主要內(nèi)容是什么？”。通讀全文可知，文章講述的是空氣污染以及人類應(yīng)該如何避免受到空氣污染的傷害；根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句Butwhatcancitypeopledotoreduceexposuretoairpollution?（但是城市居民能做些什么來(lái)減少空氣污染呢）以及文章末段Pollutionlevelstendtobeattheirlowestduringspringandautumnwhenwindsarefreshest.Extremecoldorhotweatherhasatrappingeffectandtendstocauseabuild-upofpollutants.（春天和秋天的風(fēng)最清新，污染水平往往是最低的；極冷或極熱的天氣具有捕獲效應(yīng)，往往會(huì)導(dǎo)致污染物的積累），由此可知，文章的主旨主要是講述如何在大城市呼吸到新鮮的空氣，因此C項(xiàng)“如何在大城市呼吸新鮮空氣”正確。A項(xiàng)“如何對(duì)抗大城市的空氣污染”和B項(xiàng)“如何避免大城市的空氣污染”在第二段到第四段都有提及到，但是比較片面，不能概括文章主旨；D項(xiàng)“大城市的空氣污染有多嚴(yán)重”，這是對(duì)空氣污染的細(xì)節(jié)描寫，不足以概括全文。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干意思是“根據(jù)報(bào)告，大城市的污染……”。根據(jù)第一段第二句Itsuggeststhatitcouldbeasdamagingtoourhealthasexposuretotheradiationfromthe1986Ukrainenuclearpowerdisaster.（它表明，它對(duì)我們健康的危害可能與1986年烏克蘭核電站災(zāi)難的輻射一樣大），由此可推斷，大城市的污染比我們想的要更嚴(yán)重得多，因此D項(xiàng)“遠(yuǎn)比我們想象的更嚴(yán)重”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“會(huì)比切爾莫比爾的核災(zāi)難更嚴(yán)重”，原文是說(shuō)一樣大，該項(xiàng)內(nèi)容錯(cuò)誤；B項(xiàng)“無(wú)法與切爾莫比爾的災(zāi)難相比”，內(nèi)容與原文相反；C項(xiàng)“能釋放出和切爾莫比爾災(zāi)難一樣破壞性的輻射”，空氣污染不會(huì)釋放輻射，C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“當(dāng)你走在繁忙的街道上，你應(yīng)該走在……馬路邊”。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句話Walkonthewindwardsideofthestreetwhereexposuretopollutantscanbe50percentlessthanonthedownwindside.（走在街道的迎風(fēng)一側(cè)，接觸到的污染物比下風(fēng)一側(cè)少50%）可知，走在街道上時(shí)，最好選擇迎風(fēng)的一側(cè)道路，所以A項(xiàng)“風(fēng)吹來(lái)的方向”正確。B項(xiàng)“風(fēng)吹走的方向”，內(nèi)容與原文相反；C項(xiàng)“風(fēng)較弱的地方”和D項(xiàng)“風(fēng)較強(qiáng)的地方”未提及。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干意思是“如果你在中國(guó)的大城市坐公交車，你應(yīng)該坐……”。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句Sittingonthedriver’ssideofabuscanincreaseyourexposureby10percent,comparedwithsittingonthesidenearestthepavement.（與坐在離人行道最近的一側(cè)相比，坐在公交車司機(jī)一側(cè)會(huì)增加10%的暴露量），由此推測(cè)，在中國(guó)乘坐公共汽車，公共汽車?yán)锩婵坑疫叺淖豢諝馕廴静荒敲磭?yán)重，所以B項(xiàng)“公共汽車的右邊座位”正確。A項(xiàng)“公共汽車的左邊座位”，內(nèi)容與原文相反；C項(xiàng)“公共汽車的中間座位”和D項(xiàng)“公共汽車的后面座位”都未提及。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:推理判斷題。題干意思是“這篇文章暗示了……”。文章第三段提到Itisdifficulttosaywhethertravelingonanundergroundtrainisbetterorworsethantakingthebus.Airpollutiononundergroundtrainstendstobe,lesstoxicthanthatatstreetlevel,becauseundergroundpollutionismostlymadeupoftinyironparticlesthrownupbywheelshittingtherails.（很難說(shuō)坐地鐵比坐公共汽車好還是壞；地鐵上的空氣污染比街道上的空氣污染毒性要小，因?yàn)榈叵挛廴局饕怯绍囕喿矒翳F軌時(shí)揚(yáng)起的微小鐵顆粒構(gòu)成的），由此可推斷，地鐵上也有空氣污染，但是比公共汽車上的污染毒性小一點(diǎn)，所以C項(xiàng)“地鐵上的空氣污染毒性較小”正確。A項(xiàng)“人們不應(yīng)該乘坐街道交通工具”，該項(xiàng)內(nèi)容太絕對(duì)；B項(xiàng)“細(xì)小的鐵顆粒不會(huì)引起健康問題”，原文提到了地鐵空氣污染毒性比街道空氣污染毒性小，這并不代表地鐵的空氣污染不會(huì)引起健康問題；D項(xiàng)“坐地鐵比坐公共汽車好”，原文提到“很難說(shuō)坐地鐵比坐公共汽車好還是壞”，所以D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Biologicaldiversityhasbecomewidelyrecognizedasacriticalconservationissueonlyinthepasttwodecades.Therapiddestructionofthetropicalrainforests,whicharetheecosystemswiththehighestknownspeciesdiversityonEarth,hasawakenedpeopletotheimportanceandfragilityofbiologicaldiversity.Thehighrateofspeciesextinctionsintheseenvironmentsisjolting,butitisimportanttorecognizethesignificanceofbiologicaldiversityinallecosystems.Asthehumanpopulationcontinuestoexpand,itwillnegativelyaffectoneafteranotherofEarth’secosystems.Interrestrialecosystemsandinfringemarineecosystems(suchaswetlands),themostcommonproblemishabitatdestruction.Inmostsituations,theresultisirreversible.Nowhumansarebeginningtodestroymarineecosystemsthroughothertypesofactivities,suchasdisposalandrunoffofpoisonouswaste;inlessthantwocenturies,bysignificantlyreducingthevarietyofspeciesonEarth,theyhaveunraveledconsofevolutionandirrevocablyredirecteditscourse.

Certainly,therehavebeenperiodsinEarth’shistorywhenmassextinctionshaveoccurred.Theextinctionofthedinosaurswascausedbysomephysicalevent,eitherclimaticorcosmic.Therehavealsobeenlessdramaticextinctions,aswhennaturalcompetitionbetweenspeciesreachedanextremeconclusion.Only0.1percentofthespeciesthathavelivedonEarthhavesurvivedtothepresent,anditwaslargelychancethatdeterminedwhichspeciessurvivedandwhichdiedout.

However,nothinghaseverequatedthemagnitudeandspeedwithwhichthehumanspeciesisalteringthephysicalandchemicalworldanddemolishingtheenvironment.Infact,thereiswideagreementthatitistherateofchangehumansareinflicting,evenmorethanthechangesthemselves,thatwillleadtobiologicaldevastation.LifeonEarthhascontinuallybeeninfluxasslowphysicalandchemicalchangeshaveoccurredonEarth,butlifeneedstimetoadapt-timeformigrationandgeneticadaptationwithinexistingspeciesandtimefortheproliferationofnewgeneticmaterialandnewspeciesthatmaybeabletosurviveinnewenvironments.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.TheauthormentionsthereductionofthevarietyofspeciesonEarthinline10tosuggestthat（

）.

3.Theauthormentionstheextinctionofthedinosaursinthesecondparagraphtoemphasizethat（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,naturalevolutionarychangeisdifferentfromchangescausedbyhumansinthatchangescausedbyhumans（

）.

5.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagree?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thecausesoftheextinctionofthedinosaur

B.Thevarietyofspeciesfoundintropicalrainforests.

C.TheimpactofhumanactivitiesonEarth’secosystems

D.Thetimerequiredforspeciestoadapttonewenvironments.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.newhabitatscanbecreatedforspecies

B.humansareoftenmadeillbypollutedwater

C.somespecieshavebeenmadeextinctbyhumanactivity

D.anunderstandingofevolutioncanpreventcertainspeciesfromdisappearing.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thecauseofthedinosaurs’extinctionisunknown

B.Earth’sclimatehaschangedsignificantlysincethedinosaurs’extinction.

C.notallmassextinctionshavebeencausedbyhumanactivity

D.actionsbyhumanscouldnotstoptheirreversibleprocessofaspecies’extinction

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.areoccurringatamuchfasterrate

B.arelessdevastatingtomostspecies

C.affectfewerecosystems

D.arereversible

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Humaninfluenceonecosystemsshouldnotbeafactorindeterminingpublicpolicy

B.Theextinctionofafewspeciesisanacceptableconsequenceofhumanprogress.

C.Technologywillprovidesolutionstoproblemscausedbythedestructionofecosystems.

D.Humansshouldbemoreconsciousoftheinfluencetheyhaveonecosystems.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章提到了由于人類的活動(dòng)導(dǎo)致一些動(dòng)物滅絕，導(dǎo)致各種污染，嚴(yán)重破壞了地球生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。文章最后一段However,nothinghaseverequatedthemagnitudeandspeedwithwhichthehumanspeciesisalteringthephysicalandchemicalworldanddemolishingtheenvironment提到人類改變物理和化學(xué)世界以及毀壞環(huán)境的速度和程度已經(jīng)超過(guò)了一切其他事物。選項(xiàng)C“人類活動(dòng)對(duì)地球生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的影響”符合題意。

2.文章第一段Nowhumansarebeginningtodestroymarineecosystemsthroughothertypesofactivities,suchasdisposalandrunoffofpoisonouswaste提到人類正通過(guò)其他活動(dòng)來(lái)破壞海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，比如有毒垃圾的排放，可知由于人類的活動(dòng)導(dǎo)致很多動(dòng)物滅絕。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.文章第二段第一句Certainly,therehavebeenperiodsinEarth’shistorywhenmassextinctionshaveoccurred提到有些動(dòng)物的滅絕是地球歷史進(jìn)程中的結(jié)果。緊接著這用恐龍滅絕來(lái)佐證這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)C“不是所有動(dòng)物的滅絕都是人類行為導(dǎo)致的”符合題意。

4.文章最后一段提到人類改變物理和化學(xué)世界以及破壞地球的速度比任何事物都快，并且事實(shí)上即將會(huì)導(dǎo)致生物毀壞的是人類正在造成的變化速度已經(jīng)超過(guò)了變化本身。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.文章第一段提到生物多樣性已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)公認(rèn)的嚴(yán)重環(huán)保問題（Biologicaldiversityhasbecomewidelyrecognizedasacriticalconservationissueonlyinthepasttwodecades），文章最后也提到事實(shí)上有一種廣泛的共識(shí)就是即將會(huì)導(dǎo)致生物毀壞的是人類正在造成的變化速度已經(jīng)超過(guò)了變化本身（Infact,thereiswideagreementthatitistherateofchangehumansareinflicting,evenmorethanthechangesthemselves），根據(jù)以上這些可推斷人類應(yīng)該更加意識(shí)到自己行為對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的影響作用。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.單選題

Bythetimethetourends,thefootballteam（）twentymatchesinfourcountries.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.willplay

B.willbeplaying

C.willhaveplayed

D.willhavebeenplaying

【答案】C

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)前一句Bythetimethetourends“到巡回賽結(jié)束時(shí)”，表示巡回賽還在進(jìn)行，By接的是將來(lái)的時(shí)間，那么主句也需要用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。將來(lái)完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成willhavedone。句意：到巡回賽結(jié)束時(shí)，足球隊(duì)將在4個(gè)國(guó)家踢20次比賽。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

AfterLosAngeles,AtlantamaybeAmerica’smostcar-dependentcity.Atlantanssentimentallygivetheircarsnames;comparespeedingticketsandjealouslyguardanyside-streetwhereitispossibletopark.Thecity’sroadsaresowellwornthatthefirstactofthenewmayor,ShirleyFranklin,wastostartrepairingpotholes.In1998,13metrocountieslostfederalhighwayfundsbecausetheirair-pollutionlevelsviolatedtheCleanAirAct.TheAmericanHighwayUsersAlliancerankedthreeAtlantainterchangesamongthe18worstbottlenecksinthecountry.

Othercitiesinthesamefixhavereorganizedtheirhighways,imposedcommuterandcartaxes,orexpandedtheirpublic-transportsystems.Atlantadoesnotlikeanyofthesethings.Publictransportisavexedsubject,too.Atlanta’smetropolitanregionisdividedintonumerouscountyandsmallercitygovernments,whichfindithardtoworktogether.Railwaysnowservethecitycenterandtheairport,butnotmuchelse;busstopsareoftennearinvisiblepoles,offeringnoindicationofwhichbusmightstopthere,orwhen.

Georgia’sDemocraticgovernor,RoyBarnes,whohopesforre-electioninNovember,hasotherplans.TowinbackthefederalhighwaymoneylostundertheCleanAirAct,hecreatedtheGeorgiaRegionalTransportationAuthority(GRTA),a15-memberboardwiththepowertomakethecountygovernments,thecityandtheten-countyAtlantaRegionalCommissioncooperateontransportplans,whethertheylikeitornot.

NowGRTAhasissueditsownpreliminaryplan,allocating$4.5billionoverthenextthreeyearsforavarietyofschemes.Theplanearmarksmoneytowidenroads;tohaveanelectricshuttlebusshuttletouristsamongtheelegantvillasofBuckhead;andtocreateacommuterraillinkbetweenAtlantaandMacon,twohourstothesouth.Countieswillbeencouraged,withgenerousten-to-onematchingfunds,tostartexpressbusservices.

Publicgoodwill,however,maynotstretchasfarasthenextplan,whichistobuildtheNorthernArchighwayfor65milesacrossthreecountiesnorthofthecitylimits.GRTAhasallotted$270millionforthis.Supporterssayitwouldeasethecongestiononlocalroads;opponentsthinkitwouldworsenover-developmentandtraffic.Thecountiesaffected,andevenGRTA’sownboard,aredivided.

Thegovernorisinfavor,however,andsincehecanappointandfireGRTA’Smembers,thatisprobablytheendofthestory.Mr.Barneshasatendencytodoashewants,regardless.Hisarroganceontrafficmatterscouldalsolosehimvotes.ButMr.BarnesthinkthatAtlanta’sslowingeconomycoulddohimmoreharmthantheanti-sprawlmovement.

1.Theauthor’spresentationofAtlantans’car-dependenceismeant____.

2.Whichofthefollowingisnotpartofthe“anti-sprawlmovement”asplannedbyGovernorRoyBarnes?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthetext?

4.ItcanbelearntfromthetextthatGeorgia’sGovernorRoyBarnes____.

5.Ineyesofthewriter,thebestsolutiontothetrafficprobleminAtlantaseemstoliein____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobeironic

B.topokefuntothem

C.tobefair

D.tomakeitnotorious

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theconstructionofacommuterraillink.

B.Hissuccessinre-electioninNovember.

C.Theinitiationofshuttlebustransit.

D.Theallocationofmoneytowidenroads.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.ThefederalhighwayfundswerelostundertheCleanAirAct.

B.Thecountygovernmentsshouldbecooperativeontrafficmatters.

C.Atlantansmustabandonbusesandtrainsandbuildmorehighways.

D.Atlantaleavesabadimpressiononvisitorsintermsofitstraffics.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.isintyrannouscontroloftheGRTAboard

B.cutsanimpressivenonconformistimage

C.isboundtowinthere-electioncomingup

D.channelspartoffundstohispersonalassets

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theenforcementoftrafficregulations

B.thechallengetoGovernorBarnes’sarrogance

C.theincreaseofcommuterandcartaxes

D.theimprovementofitspublic-transportsystems

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theauthor’spresentationofAtlantans’car-dependenceismeant____.作者對(duì)亞特蘭大人對(duì)汽車的依賴性的描述本意是____。

A.tobeironicA.諷刺的

B.topokefuntothemB.為了取笑他們

C.tobefairC.公平的

D.tomakeitnotoriousD.為了讓它臭名昭著

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第一段第二句“出于感情亞特蘭大人給他們的汽車起名字；通過(guò)比較超速罰單，他們小心地守住任何可以停車的小巷。（Atlantanssentimentallygivetheircarsnames;comparespeedingticketsandjealouslyguardanyside-streetwhereitispossibletopark.）”根據(jù)作者用sentimentally（多情地）和jealously（妒忌地；猜疑地）兩詞可以看出作者對(duì)亞特蘭大人對(duì)汽車依賴的描述是諷刺的。因此選A。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B、C、D選項(xiàng)曲解作者意思，屬于曲解原文。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whichofthefollowingisnotpartofthe“anti-sprawlmovement”asplannedbyGovernorRoyBarnes?以下哪項(xiàng)不是羅伊?巴恩斯州長(zhǎng)所計(jì)劃的“反蔓延運(yùn)動(dòng)”的一部分？

A.Theconstructionofacommuterraillink.A.通勤鐵路的建造。

B.Hissuccessinre-electioninNovember.B.他在11月成功連任。

C.Theinitiationofshuttlebustransit.C.啟動(dòng)穿梭巴士過(guò)境。

D.Theallocationofmoneytowidenroads.D.用于拓寬道路的撥款。

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到倒數(shù)第三段“這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃專門撥款拓寬道路（Theplanearmarksmoneytowidenroads）；有電動(dòng)穿梭巴士接送游客穿梭于巴克頭優(yōu)雅的別墅之間（tohaveanelectricshuttlebusshuttletouristsamongtheelegantvillasofBuckhead）；以及建立一條亞特蘭大和梅肯之間的通勤鐵路（createacommuterraillink）”。由此可知A、C、D選項(xiàng)均有提及，B選項(xiàng)沒有提及，因此選B。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、C、D選項(xiàng)均是計(jì)劃的一部分，屬于反向干擾。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthetext?文中沒有提到下列哪項(xiàng)？

A.ThefederalhighwayfundswerelostundertheCleanAirAct.A.聯(lián)邦公路基金因《清潔空氣法》而損失。

B.Thecountygovernmentsshouldbecooperativeontrafficmatters.B.縣政府應(yīng)該在交通問題上合作。

C.Atlantansmustabandonbusesandtrainsandbuildmorehighways.C.亞特蘭大人必須放棄公共汽車和火車，建造更多的高速公路。

D.Atlantaleavesabadimpressiononvisitorsintermsofitstraffics.D.亞特蘭大的交通給游客留下了不好的印象。

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】文中第一段“1998年，13個(gè)大都會(huì)縣失去了聯(lián)邦公路基金，因?yàn)樗鼈兊目諝馕廴舅竭`反了《清潔空氣法》。（In1998,13metrocountieslostfederalhighwayfundsbecausetheirair-pollutionlevelsviolatedtheCleanAirAct.）”因此選項(xiàng)A提到了；文中第三段“為了贏回因《清潔空氣法》而損失的聯(lián)邦公路資金，他成立了佐治亞州區(qū)域運(yùn)輸局（GRTA），一個(gè)由15名成員組成的委員會(huì)，有權(quán)讓縣政府、市政府和10個(gè)縣的亞特蘭大區(qū)域委員會(huì)在運(yùn)輸計(jì)劃上進(jìn)行合作（thecityandtheten-countyAtlantaRegionalCommissioncooperateontransportplans），不管他們喜歡與否?！庇纱丝芍h政府在交通上合作，因此B選項(xiàng)提到了；文中第二段最后“鐵路現(xiàn)在服務(wù)于市中心和機(jī)場(chǎng)，但其他服務(wù)不多；公共汽車站通?？拷床灰姷碾娋€桿，沒有顯示哪輛公共汽車可能在那里停，或者什么時(shí)候停?！笨芍獊喬靥m大這些服務(wù)于公眾的交通并不完善，由此推斷會(huì)給游客留下不好印象。因此D選項(xiàng)可以推出。C選項(xiàng)文中沒有提及。因此選C。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、B、D選項(xiàng)都提到了，C選項(xiàng)沒有提及。A、B、D選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

ItcanbelearntfromthetextthatGeorgia’sGovernorRoyBarnes____.從文中可以得知，喬治亞州州長(zhǎng)羅伊?巴恩斯____。

A.isintyrannouscontroloftheGRTAboardA.對(duì)GRTA董事會(huì)有著專橫的控制

B.cutsanimpressivenonconformistimageB.給人留下了不墨守成規(guī)的印象

C.isboundtowinthere-electioncomingupC.一定會(huì)贏得即將到來(lái)的連任

D.channelspartoffundstohispersonalassetsD.將部分資金用于個(gè)人資產(chǎn)

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到最后一段“由于他可以任命和解雇GRTA的成員，這可能就是故事的結(jié)局。巴恩斯先生總是想怎么做就怎么做（Mr.Barneshasatendencytodoashewants）。他在交通問題上的傲慢也可能使他失去選票?！庇纱丝芍?，巴恩斯先生可以隨意任命解雇成員，并且想怎么做就怎么做，由此可推斷他對(duì)GRTA有專橫的控制。因此選A。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“給人留下了不墨守成規(guī)的印象”，文中沒有體現(xiàn)，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“一定會(huì)贏得即將到來(lái)的連任”，文中提到“他在交通問題上的傲慢也可能使他失去選票。”因此他不一定能連任，該選項(xiàng)與原文意思相反，屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“將部分資金用于個(gè)人資產(chǎn)”，文中沒有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Ineyesofthewriter,thebestsolutiontothetrafficprobleminAtlantaseemstoliein____.在作者看來(lái)，解決亞特蘭大交通問題的最好辦法似乎在于____。

A.theenforcementoftrafficregulationsA.執(zhí)行交通規(guī)則

B.thechallengetoGovernorBarnes’sarroganceB.挑戰(zhàn)巴恩斯州長(zhǎng)的傲慢

C.theincreaseofcommuterandcartaxesC.提高通勤稅和汽車稅

D.theimprovementofitspublic-transportsystemsD.改善其公共交通系統(tǒng)

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第二段“其他處于同樣困境的城市已經(jīng)重組了高速公路，征收通勤稅和汽車稅，或者擴(kuò)大了公共交通系統(tǒng)（expandedtheirpublic-transportsystems）。亞特蘭大不喜歡這些東西。公共交通也是一個(gè)令人煩惱的話題。亞特蘭大大都會(huì)區(qū)分為許多縣政府和較小的市政府，發(fā)現(xiàn)這樣很難合作。鐵路現(xiàn)在服務(wù)于市中心和機(jī)場(chǎng)，但其他服務(wù)不多；公共汽車站通常靠近看不見的電線桿，沒有顯示哪輛公共汽車可能在那里停，或者什么時(shí)候停。”然后文中講亞特蘭大各縣進(jìn)行交通方面的合作，GRTA撥款修建道路，建立鐵路通勤線。啟動(dòng)快速公交服務(wù)等等，這些都是在改善亞特蘭大的公共交通。因此選D。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“執(zhí)行交通規(guī)則”，文中沒有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“挑戰(zhàn)巴恩斯州長(zhǎng)的傲慢”，文中沒有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“提高通勤稅和汽車稅”，文中提到“其他處于同樣困境的城市已經(jīng)重組了高速公路，征收通勤稅和汽車稅，或者擴(kuò)大了公共交通系統(tǒng)”但是根據(jù)后文可知，亞特蘭大選擇改善公共交通而不是提高通勤稅和汽車稅，該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

6.單選題

Despitetremendousachievements,formidableobstaclestodevelopmentwillpersist.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.difficultt

B.sustainablet

C.externalt

D.unpredictable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。formidable表示“強(qiáng)大的，可怕的”；A項(xiàng)difficult“困難的，艱難的”，B項(xiàng)sustainable“可以忍受的，足以支撐的”，C項(xiàng)external“外部的，外表的”，D項(xiàng)unpredictable“不可預(yù)知的，出乎意料的”。句意：盡管取得了巨大成就，但發(fā)展仍將面臨巨大障礙。根據(jù)句意可知，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Thepioneersoftheteachingofscienceimaginedthatitsintroductionintoeducationwouldmovetheconventionality,artificiality,andbackward-lookingnesswhichwerecharacteristicofclassicalstudies,buttheyweregravelydisappointed.So,too,intheirtimehadthehumanists)thoughtthatthestudyoftheclassicalauthorsintheoriginalwouldbanishatoncethedullpedantryandsuperstitionofmediaevalscholasticism.Theprofessionalschoolmasterwasamatchforbothofthem，andhasalmostmanagedtomaketheunderstandingofchemicalreactionsasdullandasdogmaticanaffairasthereadingofVirgil’sAeneid.

Thechiefclaimfortheuseofscienceineducationisthatitteachesachildsomethingabouttheactualuniverseinwhichheislivingin,makinghimacquaintedwiththeresultsofscientificdiscovery,andatthesametimeteacheshimhowtothinklogicallyandinductivelybystudyingscientificmethod.Acertainlimitedsuccesshasbeenreachedinthefirstoftheseaims,butpracticallynoneatallinthesecond.Thoseprivilegedmembersofthecommunitywhohavebeenthroughasecondaryorpublicschooleducationmaybeexpectedtoknowsomethingabouttheelementaryphysicsandchemistryofahundredyearsago,buttheyprobablyknowhardlymorethananybrightboycanpickupfromaninterestinwirelessorscientifichobbiesoutofschoolhours.

Astothelearningofscientificmethod,thewholethingispalpablyafarce.Actually,fortheconvenienceofteachersandtherequirementsoftheexaminationsystem,itisnecessarythatthepupilsnotonlydonotlearnscientificmethodbutlearnpreciselythereverse，thatis,tobelieveexactlywhattheyaretoldandtoreproduceitwhenasked,whetheritseemsnonsensetothemornot.Thewayinwhicheducatedpeoplerespondtosuchquackeriesasspiritualismorastrology,nottosaymoredangerousonessuchasracialtheoriesorcurrencymyths,showsthatfiftyyearsofeducationinthemethodofscienceinBritainorGermanyhasproducednovisibleeffectwhatever.Theonlywayoflearningthemethodofscienceisthelongandbitterwayofpersonalexperience,and,untiltheeducationalorsocialsystemsarealteredtomakethispossible,thebestwecanexpectistheproductionofaminorityofpeoplewhoareabletoacquiresomeofthetechniquesofscienceandastillsmallerminoritywhoareabletouseanddevelopthem.

1.Theauthorimpliesthattheprofessionalschoolmaster”(line6)has（）.

2.Theauthorblamesallofthefollowingforthefailuretoimpartscientificmethodthroughthe（）.

3.Iftheauthorweretostudycurrenteducationinsciencetoseehowthingshavechangedsincehewrotethepiece,hewouldprobablybemostinterestedintheanswertowhichofthefollowingquestions?

4.Allofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthetextexcept（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.nointerestinteachingscience

B.thwartedattemptstoenliveneducation

C.supportedthehumanists

D.beenapioneerinbothscienceandhumanities.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.lackofinterestonthepartofstudents

B.poorteaching

C.examinationmethods

D.thesocialandeducationsystems

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Dostudentsknowmoreabouttheworldaboutthem?

B.Dostudentsspendmoretimeinlaboratories?

C.Canstudentsapplytheirknowledgelogically?

D.Havetextbooksimproved?

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.atthetimeofwriting,notallchildrenreceivedasecondaryschooleducation

B.itisrelativelyeasytolearnscientificmethod

C.scienceteachinghasimpartedsomeknowledgeoffactstosomechildren

D.theauthorbelievesthatmanyteachersareauthoritarian

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“maketheunderstandingofchemicalreactionsasdullandasdogmaticanaffairasthereadingofVirgil’sAeneid.”這些專業(yè)的老師使化學(xué)反應(yīng)的理解變得乏味，使閱讀變得教條化，所以教育越來(lái)越?jīng)]有活躍度。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段，因?yàn)槔蠋焸儓D方便和考試制度，使學(xué)生們沒有更好地學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)方法，直到教育制度或者社會(huì)制度發(fā)生了變化才能使學(xué)生們對(duì)科學(xué)方法的學(xué)習(xí)成為可能。所以作者沒有提及學(xué)生們的興趣問題。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.推斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，作者最關(guān)心的是學(xué)生們有沒有接受到科學(xué)方法教育，最后一段可以看出，“theproductionofaminorityofpeoplewhoareabletoacquiresomeofthetechniquesofscienceandastillsmallerminoritywhoareabletouseanddevelopthem.”，一部分人能研究獲得科學(xué)技術(shù)和方法，但是運(yùn)用的人很少。由此可見，作者關(guān)心的學(xué)生能否用一些科學(xué)的方法獲得知識(shí)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Theonlywayoflearningthemethodofscienceisthelongandbitterwayofpersonalexperience”，學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)方法是漫長(zhǎng)而痛苦的，并不是簡(jiǎn)單的，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

8.單選題

Thelocalgovernmentreducedthetaxonpetrolasa（）tothepublicoutcry.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conception

B.consensus

C.contempt

D.concession

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)conception“懷孕；概念；設(shè)想”；B選項(xiàng)consensus“一致；輿論；合意”；C選項(xiàng)contempt“輕視，蔑視；恥辱”；D選項(xiàng)concession“讓步；承認(rèn)；退位”。句意：當(dāng)?shù)卣疁p少汽油稅來(lái)當(dāng)作對(duì)公眾強(qiáng)烈抗議的讓步。根據(jù)句意可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Businessinthisareahasbeen（）becausepricesaretoohigh.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prosperous

B.secretive

C.slack

D.shrill

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)prosperous“繁榮的，興旺的”；B選項(xiàng)secretive“秘密的，偷偷摸摸的”；C選項(xiàng)slack“松弛的，蕭條的”；D選項(xiàng)shrill“尖銳的，刺耳的”。句意：由于價(jià)格太高，這個(gè)地區(qū)的生意（）。本句表達(dá)的意思是“價(jià)格太高，所以這里的生意很蕭條”，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.單選題

Manyeconomicstudieshavetriedtoisolatetheeffectsofdeficits.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.separate

B.giveup

C.reject

D.change

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.separate分開；分離B.giveup放棄

C.reject拒絕；否決D.change改變

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】語(yǔ)義銜接

【解題思路】原句語(yǔ)義為“許多經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)研究試圖____赤字的影響”，原詞isolate“分離”，A選項(xiàng)separate“分開；分離”最符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)giveup“放棄”，不符合語(yǔ)義銜接，研究沒有辦法放棄赤字的影響；

C選項(xiàng)reject“拒絕；否決”，不符合語(yǔ)義銜接，研究沒有辦法拒絕或否決赤字的影響；

D選項(xiàng)change“改變”，不符合原文語(yǔ)義。

【句意】許多經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)研究試圖將赤字的影響分離開來(lái)。

11.單選題

Theathletehasbeenaccusedof（）hisperformancewithillegaldrugs,buthefirmlydeniesthecharges.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enhancing

B.tendering

C.diluting

D.dispensing

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)enhancing“提高”；B選項(xiàng)tendering“提議”；C選項(xiàng)diluting“稀釋”；D選項(xiàng)dispensing“配發(fā)”。句意：這位運(yùn)動(dòng)員被指控使用違禁藥物提高成績(jī)，但他堅(jiān)決否認(rèn)這些指控。本句表示提高成績(jī)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Weknowverylittleaboutpainandwhatwedon’tknowmakesithutallthemore.Indeed,noformofilliteracyintheUnitedStatesissowidespreadorcostlyasignoranceaboutpainwhatitis,whatcausesit,howtodealwithitwithoutpanic.Almosteveryonecanrattleoffnamesofatleastadozendrugsthatcandeadenpainfromeveryconceivablecauseallthewayfromheadachestohemorrhoids.

Thereisfarlessknowledgeaboutthefactthatabout90percentofpainisself-limiting,thatitisnotalwaysanindicationofpoorhealth,andthat,mostfrequently,itistheresultoftension,stress,worry,idleness,boredom,frustration,suppressedrage,insufficientsleep,overeating,poorlybalanceddiet,smoking,excessivedrinking,inadequateexercise,staleair,oranyoftheotherabusesencounteredbythehumanbodyinmodernsociety.

Themostignoredfactofallaboutpainisthatthebestwaytoeliminateitistoeliminatetheabuse.Instead,manypeoplereachalmostinstinctivelyforthepainkillers—aspirins,barbiturates,codeines,tranquilizers,sleepingpills,anddozensofotheranalgesicsordesensitizingdrugs.

Mostdoctorsareprofoundlytroubledovertheextenttowhichthemedicalprofessiontodayistakingonthetrappingsofapain-killingindustry.Theirofficesareoverloadedwithpeoplewhoaremorbidlybutmistakenlyconvincedthatsomethingdreadfulisabouttohappentothem.Itisalltooevidentthatthecampaigntogetpeopletorunforadoctoratthefirstsignofpainhasboomeranged.Physiciansfinditdifficulttogiveadequateattentiontopatientsgenuinelyinneedofexpertdiagnosisandtreatmentbecausetheirtimeissoakedupbypeoplewhohavenothingwrongwiththemexceptatemporaryindispositionorapsychogenicache.

Patientstendtofeelindignant,andinsultedifthephysiciantel