考研考博-英語-云南水利水電職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-云南水利水電職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

The（）fortravellingwithoutaticketis￡200.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.penal

B.panel

C.panelize

D.penalty

【答案】D

【解析】考查形近詞及詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)形容詞penal“刑事的、刑罰的”，B項(xiàng)名詞panel“儀表盤、陪審團(tuán)”，C項(xiàng)動(dòng)詞panelize“處罰、處刑”，D項(xiàng)名詞penalty“罰款、罰金”；句意：長途旅行不買票罰款200鎊。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

strophysicistswrestlingwiththestudyofanewkindofstar,theflat,“two-dimensional”configurationsknownasaccretiondiskshaverecentlygainednewinsightsintothebehaviorofthesestars.Accretiondisksexistinavarietyofsituationswheremattersswirlaroundacompactstarsuchasawhitedwarfstaroraneutronstar.Accretiondisksarealsosuspectedofplayingapartinmoreexoticsituations,inwhichthecentralobjectisimaginedtobeasupermassiveblackhole,theultimateformofcollapsedmatter,ratherthanacompactstar.Themodelingofaccretiondisksisstillinitsinfancy,asituationanalogoustothedayswhenordinarystarsweremodeledbyusingelementaryscalinglawswithoutbenefitofknowledgeofthenuclearprocessesthatpowerthestars.Similarly,thebasicphysicsofthepowerbywhichaccretiondisksradiate,thoughttooriginateinaformofturbulentfriction,isknownonlyatthecrudestlevel.

AccretiondiskswerefirstdefinedinthecontextofCataclysmicvariables.Inthesesystems,matterfromtheouterlayersofanordinarystarisattractedbythegravitationalinfluenceofanearbyorbitingwhitedwarfstar,thematterlostfromtheordinarystarcannotstrikethesurfaceofthetinywhitedwarfdirectlybutsettlesintoanorbitaroundthestar.Theviscosityinthediskthusformedcausesheating,radiation,andaslowspiralingofdiskmatterontothesurfaceofthewhitedwarf.

Therapidadvancesmadeinx-rayastronomyinthepastdecadehaveidentifiedasecondtypeofsysteminwhichaccretiondisksoccur.Insuchasystem,anaccretiondiskwhirlsaboutaneutronstarratherthanawhitedwarf.Theinnerreachesoftheaccretiondiskextenddeeplyintothegravitationalpotentialoftheneutronstarwhereveryrapidmotionistherule.Theenergyreleasedbyfrictionandtheactualrainingofthematerialfromthediskontothesurfaceoftheneutronstarissogreatthatradiationisgivenoffinapowerfulfloodofx-rays.Andinatleastonecase,x-rayastronomersbelievethattheobjectinthecenterofanaccretiondiskisablackhole,suggestingthatathirdsystemmayexist.

Ithadbeenassumedthatportionsofaccretiondiskswouldbeunstableandthat,asaresult,clumpingoftheirmatterintoringswouldoccur.Thereisnoevidencefromobservation,however,thataccretiondisksdo,infact,sufferfromtheseinstabilities.Inrecentwork,AbramowiczhasshownthataddedgravitationaleffectsduetogeneralrelativitymayaltertheexpectedNewtoniangravitationalrelationshipsinsuchawaythatthediskremainsstable,indicatingthatitispossiblethatthesepredictedinstabilitiesdonotoccur.

Furtherprogresstowardunderstandingaccretiondiskswillinvolvedefiningandproposingsolutionstorestrictedproblemsjustaswasdoneinthiscaseandwasdoneandcontinuestobedoneforordinarystars.Abramowicz'workisavaluableexampleofthecarethatmustbetakenbeforereachingconclusionsregardingaccretiondisks.

1.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatpredictionsoftheinstabilityofaccretiondiskswerebasedonwhichofthefollowing?

3.Theauthor’sattitudetowardAbramowicz’workcanbestbedescribedasoneof（

）.

4.Thepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutcurrentscientificknowledgeofthenuclearprocessesofordinarystars?

5.ThepassagesuggeststhatAbramowicz’workwasmotivatedbywhichofthefollowingassumptions?

6.Thepassageimplieswhichofthefollowingabouttheprogressofknowledgeinastrophysics?

7.Thepassagesuggeststhat,comparedtothestudyofordinarystars,thestudyofaccretiondisksis（

）.

8.Accordingtothepassage,someaccretiondisksoriginatedin（

）.

9.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthesignificanceofAbramowicz’workisthatit（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.comparingAbramowicz’worktotheworkofearlierastrophysicists

B.providinginformationaboutaccretiondisksanddiscussingsignificantnewwork

C.definingtheconditionsunderwhichaccretiondiskscanbeobserved

D.exploringthequestionofwhetherablackholecaneverbethecentralobjectofanaccretiondisk

E.describingthephenomenonofaccretiondisksandreviewingseveralconflictingtheoriesoftheirorigins

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.AcalculationoftheprobableeffectsofstandardNewtoniangravitationalrelationships

B.AcalculationoftheprobablerelationshipbetweengeneralrelativityandstandardNewtoniangravitationalrelationships

C.Acalculationoftheenergyreleasedbyfrictionwithinacompactstar

D.Observationofthex-raysradiatedbycompactstars

E.Observationoftheclumpingofaccretiondiskmatterintoringsaroundcompactstars

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.uncertainapproval

B.unqualifiedrespect

C.mildinterest

D.carefuldismissal

E.hostileskepticism

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itspatternofdevelopmenthasbeenanalogoustothatofdevelopmentsinx-rayastronomy.

B.Itsroleintheexplanationofturbulentfrictionhasbeensignificant.

C.Ithascontributedtoamoreaccuratemodelingofordinarystars.

D.Itlagsbehindknowledgeofscalinglaws.

E.Itexplainsthebehaviorofaccretiondisksaswellasthatofordinarystars.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thequantityofenergyreleasedbyaccretiondiskscanbeaslargeasitisonlyifthedisksarestable.

B.Improvedtechniquesinx-rayastronomywouldrevealanyinstabilitiesoccurringinaccretiondisks.

C.Thelackofobservationalevidenceofinstabilitiesinaccretiondiskssuggeststhatpredictionsoftheiroccurrencemightbewrong.

D.Knownmethodsofobservingaccretiondisksurroundingcompactstarsandblackholesdonotpermittheobservationofthematterinaccretiondisks.

E.Thegravitationalpotentialofcompactstarsdoesnotvaryfromstartostar.

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.Adherencetooutdatedtheorieshas,inthepast,limitedtheactivitiesofastrophysicistsandrestrictedprogress.

B.Progresshas,inthepast,occurredonlyasaresultofsignificantbreakthroughsinbasicphysicsandchemistry.

C.Progresshas,inthepast,occurredasaresultofaprocessofdefiningandsolvingrestrictedproblems.

D.Giventherecentacquisitionofknowledgeaboutthenuclearprocessesofstars,furtherprogressislikelytobelimitedtotherefinementofwhatisalreadyknown.

E.Conclusionsinastrophysicshave,inthepast,beenseriouslyflawed,thuslimitingprogress,althoughtherehaverecentlybeensignsofchange.

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.derivative

B.moresophisticated

C.lessclearlyfocused

D.atanearlierstageofdevelopment

E.moredependentontechnologicaladvances

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.anincreaseinheatandradiationaroundanordinarystar

B.apowerfulfloodofx-raysemittedbyaneutronstar

C.acollisionbetweentwostars

D.theturbulentfrictiononthesurfaceofacompactstar

E.theaccumulationofmatterremovedfromanordinarystar

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.providesameansofmeasuringthegravitationalpotentialofneutronstars

B.opensanewareaforexplorationinthefieldofx-rayastronomy

C.provesthatscalinglawscannotbeappliedtoaccretiondisks

D.proposesanewsystemofclassificationofstars

E.suggestsaresolutionofadiscrepancybetweenatheoreticalpredictionandactualobservation

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

第6題:C

第7題:D

第8題:E

第9題:E

【解析】1.主旨大意題。通讀全文，原文多次出現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵詞“accretiondisks”“newinsights”,從而即可了解作者的寫作主旨，得出本題答案。

2.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“instability”將信息點(diǎn)定位到原文第四段第二、三句。“Thereisnoevidencefromobservation,however,thataccretiondisksdo,infact,sufferfromtheseinstabilities.Inrecentwork,AbramowiczhasshownthataddedgravitationaleffectsduetogeneralrelativitymayaltertheexpectedNewtoniangravitationalrelationshipsinsuchawaythatthediskremainsstable,indicatingthatitispossiblethatthesepredictedinstabilitiesdonotoccur.”從而得出本題答案。

3.

觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Abramowicz’work”，可將信息點(diǎn)定位到原文最后一段最后一句?！癆bramowicz’workisavaluableexampleofthecarethatmustbetakenbeforereachingconclusionsregardingaccretiondisks.（阿布拉莫維奇的工作是一個(gè)很有價(jià)值的例子，說明在得出關(guān)于吸積盤的結(jié)論之前必須小心謹(jǐn)慎。）”作者對(duì)其研究是絕對(duì)的尊重。從而得出本題答案。

4.

細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“thenuclearprocessesofordinarystars”,將信息點(diǎn)定位到原文最后一段第一句?！癋urtherprogresstowardunderstandingaccretiondiskswillinvolvedefiningandproposingsolutionstorestrictedproblemsjustaswasdoneinthiscaseandwasdoneandcontinuestobedoneforordinarystars.”從而得出本題答案。

5.

細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Abramowicz’work”，將信息點(diǎn)定位為原文第四段第三句“Inrecentwork,AbramowiczhasshownthataddedgravitationaleffectsduetogeneralrelativitymayaltertheexpectedNewtoniangravitationalrelationshipsinsuchawaythatthediskremainsstable,indicatingthatitispossiblethatthesepredictedinstabilitiesdonotoccur.（在最近的工作中，Abramowicz已經(jīng)表明，由廣義相對(duì)論引起的附加引力效應(yīng)可能會(huì)改變預(yù)期的牛頓引力關(guān)系，使圓盤保持穩(wěn)定，這表明這些預(yù)測(cè)的不穩(wěn)定性可能不會(huì)發(fā)生。）”，從而得出本題答案。

6.

事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。信息點(diǎn)定位為原文最后一段第一句。根據(jù)“involvedefiningandproposingsolutionstorestrictedproblemsjustaswasdoneinthiscase（就像在本例中所做的那樣，涉及到對(duì)受限問題的定義和提出解決方案）”即可得出本題答案。

7.

事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干將信息點(diǎn)定位到原文第一段第四句。根據(jù)“Themodelingofaccretiondisksisstillinitsinfancy,asituationanalogoustothedayswhenordinarystarsweremodeledbyusingelementaryscalinglawswithoutbenefitofknowledgeofthenuclearprocessesthatpowerthestars.（吸積盤的建模仍處于初級(jí)階段，類似于普通恒星使用基本尺度定律建模的日子，而不需要了解恒星的核反應(yīng)過程。）”即可得出本題答案。

8.

細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干信息將本題信息點(diǎn)定位到原文第二段第二句?！癐nthesesystems,matterfromtheouterlayersofanordinarystarisattractedbythegravitationalinfluenceofanearbyorbitingwhitedwarfstar,thematterlostfromtheordinarystarcannotstrikethesurfaceofthetinywhitedwarfdirectlybutsettlesintoanorbitaroundthestar.（在這些系統(tǒng)中，來自普通恒星外層的物質(zhì)受到附近環(huán)繞白矮星的引力影響而被吸引，普通恒星失去的物質(zhì)不能直接撞擊微小白矮星的表面，而是進(jìn)入圍繞恒星的軌道。）”從而得出本題答案。

9.

細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干信息可將本題信息點(diǎn)定位為原文最后一段。根據(jù)段落信息合理推斷后即可得出本題答案。

3.單選題

TheAmericansocietyislaidonanexceedinglyshakyfoundationofnaturalresources,whichisconnectedwiththepossibilityofaworseningenvironment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.establishedon

B.affiliatedon

C.originatedfrom

D.incorporatedwith

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。belaidon意為“被放置在……上面”；beestablishedon意為“被建立在……上面”；沒有beaffiliatedon這樣的搭配，affiliate意為“使隸屬，加入”；beoriginatedfrom意為“源自于”；beincorporatedwith意為“與……合并”。

句意：美國社會(huì)建立在一個(gè)自然資源極其不穩(wěn)定的基礎(chǔ)上，這可能與環(huán)境的惡化有關(guān)。

4.單選題

FirstlaunchedinAprilthisyear,NetMySingaporealsoincludeseffortsthat（

）training,development,andtheexplorationofnewtechnologiesbasedon.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.obliterate

B.sequester

C.encompass

D.terminate

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。obliterate“消滅，清除”；sequester“使隔絕”；encompass“包含，涉及”；terminate“使終止”。句意：于今年四月開始的“凈化我的新加坡”運(yùn)動(dòng)還包括一系列的培訓(xùn)、發(fā)展和與之相關(guān)的新技術(shù)的開發(fā)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.單選題

Theidealcompanionmachine—thecomputer—wouldnotonlylook,feel,andsoundfriendlybutwouldalsobeprogrammedtobehaveinapleasantmanner.Thosequalitiesmakeinteractioncomfortable,andyetthemachinewouldremainslightlyunpredictableandthereforeinteresting.Initsfirstencounteritmightbesomewhathesitant,butasitcametoknowtheuseritwouldprogresstoamorerelaxedandintimatestyle.Themachinewouldnotbeapassiveparticipantbutwouldadditsownsuggestions,information,andopinions;itwouldsometimestaketheinitiativeindevelopingorchangingthetopicandwouldhaveapersonalityofitsown.

Friendshipsarenotmadeinaday,andthecomputerwouldbemoreacceptableasafriendifitimitatedthegradualchangesthatoccurwhenonepersonisgettingtoknowanother.Atanappropriatetimeitmightalsoexpressthekindofaffectionthatstimulatesattachmentandintimacy.Thewholeprocesswouldbeaccomplishedinasubtlewaytoavoidgivinganimpressionofover-familiaritythatwouldbelikelytoproduceirritation.Afterexperiencingawealthofpowerful,well-timedfriendshipindicators,theuserwouldbeverylikelytoacceptthecomputerasfarmorethanamachineandmightwellcometoregarditasafriend.

Anartificialrelationshipofthistypewouldprovidemanyofthebenefitsthatcouldcontinuefrompreviousdiscussions.Itwouldhaveafamiliaritywiththeuser'slifeasrevealedinearliercontact,anditwouldbeunderstandingandgood-humored.Thecomputer’sownpersonalitywouldbelivelyandimpressive,anditwoulddevelopinresponsetothatoftheuser.Withfeaturessuchasthese,themachinemightindeedbecomeaveryattractivesocialpartner.

1.Whichofthefollowingisnotafeatureoftheidealcompanionmachine?

2.Thecomputerwoulddevelopfriendshipswithhumansina(an)（）way.

3.Whichofthefollowingaspectsisnotmentionedwhenthepassagediscussesthebenefitsofartificialrelationships?

4.Throughoutthepassage,theauthoris（）inhisattitudetowardthecomputer.

5.Whichmightbethemostappropriatetitleofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Activeincommunication

B.Attractiveinpersonality

C.Enjoyableinperfomiance

D.unpredictableinbehavior

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.quick

B.unpredictable

C.productive

D.inconspicuous

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Beingabletopickupaninterestingconversation.

B.Beingsensitivetoearliercontact.

C.Beingreadytolearnabouttheperson'slife.

D.Havingapleasantandadaptablepersonality.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.favorable

B.critical

C.vague

D.hesitant

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ArtificialRelationships

B.HowtoFormIntimateRelationships

C.TheAffectionateMachine

D.HumansandComputers

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:在交流上是生動(dòng)的,第一段指出:Themachinewouldnotbeapassiveparticipantbutwouldadditsownsuggestions,information,andopinions(這個(gè)機(jī)械將不是被動(dòng)的參與者，而將會(huì)增加自己的建議、信息和意見),由此可知A項(xiàng)屬于理想伴侶機(jī)械的特點(diǎn)。B:在個(gè)性上有吸引力,由最后一段中“Thecomputer’sownpersonalitywouldbelivelyandimpressive...(這個(gè)電腦自己的個(gè)性將是充滿生氣且令人印象深刻……)可知B項(xiàng)屬于理想伴侶機(jī)械的特點(diǎn)。C:在表現(xiàn)上令人愉快,第一段指出:Theidealcompanionmachine—thecomputer—wouldnotonlylook,feel,andsoundfriendlybutwouldalsobeprogrammedtobehaveinapleasantmanner(想的伴侶機(jī)械（即電腦）將不僅僅在外表、感覺和聲音上是友好的，且還會(huì)被編程去以令人愉快的方式來表現(xiàn)),因此C屬于理想伴侶機(jī)械的特點(diǎn)。D:在行為上無法預(yù)測(cè),由第一段中“yetthemachinewouldremainslightlyunpredictable(但是這個(gè)機(jī)械（即電腦）也仍然稍微有些不可預(yù)測(cè))”可知D不符合原文所述。因此選D。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:Thewholeprocesswouldbeaccomplishedinasubtlewaytoavoidgivinganimpressionofover-familiaritythatwouldbelikelytoproduceirritation(這整個(gè)過程（即人與電腦之間友誼形成的過程）將會(huì)以一種微妙的方式來實(shí)現(xiàn)，以便避免去給出一個(gè)將可能引起惱怒的過度親密的印象),因此D項(xiàng)“難以察覺的”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:能發(fā)起一段有趣的對(duì)話,第一段指出:itwouldsometimestaketheinitiativeindevelopingorchangingthetopic(它有時(shí)會(huì)主動(dòng)提出或改變互動(dòng)的活題),因此A項(xiàng)符合原文所述。B:受先前的交流影響,文章并未提及。C:準(zhǔn)備去了解人的生活,由第一段中“initsfirstencounteritmightbesomewhathesitant,butasitcametoknowtheuseritwouldprogresstoamorerelaxedandintimatestyle(在電腦首次與人進(jìn)行互動(dòng)時(shí)，它可能有些遲疑，但隨著對(duì)使用者的了解，在互動(dòng)吋它會(huì)變得更放松且親密)”可知C項(xiàng)符合原文所述。D:有一個(gè)令人喜歡且能隨機(jī)應(yīng)變的個(gè)性,最后一段指出:itwoulddevelopinresponsetothatoftheuser.Withfeaturessuchasthese,themachinemightindeedbecomeaveryattractivesocialpartner(它會(huì)相應(yīng)使川者的性格來形成固己的性格。帶著如這些樣的性格，這個(gè)機(jī)械可能的確變成一個(gè)非常有吸引力的社會(huì)伙伴)。因此D符合原文所述。因此本題選B。

4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。從末段中“Withfeaturessuchasthese,themachinemightindeedbecomeaveryattractivesocialpartner(因?yàn)檫@些特征,這個(gè)機(jī)械可能的確變成一個(gè)非常有吸引力的社會(huì)伙伴)”可以看出作者持贊成的態(tài)度。故選A。

5.主旨大意題。作者在第一段提出“有感情的機(jī)械”這個(gè)話題及隨后段落“闡述有感情的機(jī)械與人在友誼形成方式及這種人造友誼帶來的好處,因此C項(xiàng)“有感情的機(jī)械”比較適合做文章標(biāo)題。

6.單選題

Veryoldpeopledoraisemoralproblemsforalmosteveryonewhocomesintocontactwiththem.Theirvalues—thiscan'tberepeatedtoooften—arenotnecessarilyourvalues.Physicalcomfort,cleannessandorderarenecessarilythemostimportantthings.Thesocialservicesfromtimetotimefindthemselvesfacedwithaflatwithdecayingfoodcoveredbysmallworms,andanoldpersonlyingaloneonbed,takingnonoticeoftheworms.Butisitinterferingwithpersonalfreedomtoinsistthattheygotolivewithsomeoftheirrelativessothattheymightbetakenbettercareof?Somesocialworkers,theoneswhoclearuptheworms,thinkweareindangerofcarryingthisconceptofpersonalfreedomtothepointwhereseriousrisksarebeingtakenwiththehealthandsafetyoftheold.

Indeed,theoldcanbeeasilyhurtorharmed.Thebodyislikeacaritneedsmoremechanicalmaintenanceasitgetsolder.Youcancarrythiscomparisonrightthroughtotheprovisionofspareparts.Butneverforgetthatsuchoperationsarepainfulexperiences,howevergoodtheresults.Andatwhatpointshouldyouceasetotreattheoldbody?Isitmorallyrighttotrytopushoffdeathbypursuingthedevelopmentofdrugstoexcitetheforgetfuloldmindandtoactivatetheoldbody,knowingthatitisdesignedtodie?Youcannotaskdoctorsorscientiststodecide,becausesolongastheycanseethetechnicalopportunities,theywillfeelboundtogivethematryontheprinciplethatwhilethere'slife,there'shope.

Whenyoutalktotheoldpeople,however,youareforcedtotheconclusionthatwhetherageishappyorunpleasantdependslessonmoneyoronhealththanitdoesonyourabilitytohavefun.

1.ItisimpliedinParagraphonethat（）.

2.Somesocialworkersthinkthat（）.

3.Intheauthor'sopinion,（）.

4.Theword"it"inthelastparagraphrefersto（）.

5.Theauthorthinksthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.veryoldpeopleenjoylivingwiththeirrelatives

B.socialserviceshavenothingtodowithveryoldpeople

C.veryoldpeoplewouldliketolivealonesothattheycanhavemorepersonalfreedom

D.veryoldpeopleareabletokeeptheirroomsveryclean

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.healthandsafetyaremoreimportantthanpersonalfreedom

B.personalfreedomismoreimportantthanhealthandsafety

C.oldpeopleshouldkeeptheirroomsclean

D.oneshouldnottakerisksofdealingwitholdpeople

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thehumanbodycan'tbecomparedtoacar

B.theolderaperson,themorecareheneeds

C.toomuchemphasishasbeenputonoldpeople'svalues

D.itiseasytoprovidesparepartsforoldpeople

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theconclusionyouhavecometo

B.yourtalktotheoldpeople

C.whetherageishappyorunpleasant

D.one'smoneyorone'shealth

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.medicaldecisionsfortheoldpeopleshouldbelefttothedoctors

B.oldpeoplecanenjoyahappylifeonlyiftheyareveryrich

C.theopinionthatweshouldtryeverymeanspossibletosaveoldpeopleisdoubtful

D.itisalwaysmorallyrighttotreatoldpeopleandpushoffdeath

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知選項(xiàng)A和D表述錯(cuò)誤,選項(xiàng)B在文中沒有提及,只有選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第一段最后一句"Somesocialworkers,...,thinkweareindangerofcarryingthisconceptofpersonalfreedomtothepointwhereseriousrisksarebeingtakenwiththehealthandsafetyoftheold."認(rèn)為我們持有個(gè)人自由的概念是危險(xiǎn)的,因?yàn)檫@會(huì)給老年人的健康和安全帶來嚴(yán)重的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。也就是說他們認(rèn)為健康和安全比自由更重要。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容,將人的身體和汽車相比較,汽車需要的是機(jī)械保養(yǎng),而人需要手術(shù)進(jìn)行治療,不管結(jié)果如何如何好,但過程是極度痛苦的。作者的潛在意思是,人能感到疼痛,但車卻不會(huì),兩者完全沒有可比性,所以本題選A。

4.分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并結(jié)合句意可知,"it"指的是上句中的"whetherageishappyorunpleasant"。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

5.根據(jù)第二段的最后一句"Youcannotaskdoctorsorscientiststodecide,..."可知選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤;根據(jù)最后一段可知選項(xiàng)B錯(cuò)誤;根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句"Isitmorallyrightto...thatitisdesignedtodie?"明知道這是死亡必須經(jīng)歷的過程,卻還是通過開發(fā)藥物來激發(fā)健忘的老思想,激活衰老的身體,這在道德上是正確的嗎?該句為反問句,說明作者對(duì)此是持懷疑的態(tài)度,所以選項(xiàng)C正確,選項(xiàng)D錯(cuò)誤。

7.單選題

Nocompanylikestobetolditiscontributingtothemoraldeclineofanation.“Isthiswhatyouliketoaccomplishwithyourcareers?”anAmericansenatoraskedTimeWarnerexecutivesrecently.“Youhavesoldyoursouls,butmustyoucorruptournationandthreatenourchildrenaswell?”AtTimeWarner,however,suchquestionsaresimplythelatestmanifestationofthesoul-searchingthathasinvolvedthecompanyeversincethecompanywasbornin1990.It’saself-examinationthathas,atvarioustimes,involvedissuesofresponsibility,creativefreedomandthecorporatebottomline.

AtthecoreofthisdebateischairmanGeraldLevin,56,whotookoverfromthelateSteveRossintheearly1990s.Onthefinancialfront.Levinisunderpressuretoraisethestockpriceandreducethecompany’smountainousdebt,whichwillincreaseto$17.3billionaftertwonewcabledealsclose.Hehaspromisedtoselloffsomeofthepropertyandrestructurethecompany,butinvestorsarewaitingimpatiently.

Theflapoverrapisnotmakinglifeanyeasierforhim.Levinhasconsistentlydefendedthecompany’srapmusiconthegroundsofexpression.In1992,whenTimeWarnerwasunderfireforreleasingIce-T’sviolentrapsongCopKiller.Levindescribedrapasalawfulexpressionofstreetculture,whichdeservesanoutlet.“Thetestofanydemocraticsociety,”hewroteinaWallStreetJournalcolumn,“l(fā)iesnotinhowwellitcancontrolexpressionbutinwhetheritgivesfreedomofthoughtandexpressionthewidestpossiblelatitude,howeverdisputableorirritatingtheresultsmaysometimesbe.Wewon’tretreatwhenwefaceanythreats.”

Levinwouldnotcommentonthedebatelastweek,butthereweresignsthatthechairmanwasbackingoffhishard-linestand,atleasttosomeextent.Duringthediscussionofrocksingingversesatlastmonth’sstockholders’meeting,Levinassertedthat“musicisnotthecauseofsociety’sills”andevencitedhisson,ateacherintheBronx.NewYork,whousesraptocommunicatewithstudents.Buthetalkedaswellaboutthe“balancedstruggle”betweencreativefreedomandsocialresponsibility,andheproclaimedthatthecompanywouldlaunchadrivetodevelopstandardsfordistributionandlabelingofpotentiallyobjectionablemusic.

The15-memberTimeWarnerboardisgenerallysupportiveofLevinandhiscorporatestrategy.Butinsiderssayseveralofthemhaveshowntheirconcernsinthismatter.“Someofushaveknownformany,manyyearsthatthefreedomsundertheFirstAmendmentarenottotally”,saysLuce,“Ithinkitisperhapsthecasethatsomepeopleassociatedwiththecompanyhaveonlyrecentlycometorealizethis.”

1.AnAmericansenatorcriticizedTimeWarnerfor（）.

2.Theword“flap”(paragraph3)heremeans（）.

3.In1992,TimeWarnercausedpublicoutragebecauseit（）.

4.Inthefaceofrecentattacksonthecompany,Levin（）.

5.Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.itsraisingofthecorporatestockprice

B.itsself-examinationofthesoul

C.itsneglectofsocialresponsibility

D.itsemphasisoncreativefreedom

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.controversy

B.fear

C.disaster

D.solution

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.sackedworkersasaresultofrestructuring

B.issuedarecordpromotingviolence

C.advocatedthecultureofthestreet

D.challengedthefreedomofexpressionindemocraticsociety

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.stucktoastrongstandtodefendfreedomofexpression

B.softenedhistoneandintroducedanewinitiative

C.yieldedtoobjectionsandresignedfromthecompany

D.requestedunconditionalsupportfromthe15-memberboard

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.profitsandsocialresponsibilitycanrarelygohandinhandinthecompany

B.fewpeopleareconcernedaboutcorporateresponsibility

C.thedebateoverTimeWarner’spolicywillsooninvolveothercompanies

D.theTimeWarnerBoard’sopinionofthecompany’spolicyisdivided

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段It’saself-examinationthathas,atvarioustimes,involvedissuesofresponsibility,creativefreedomandthecorporatebottomline.（這是一種自我反省，在不同時(shí)期，涉及到責(zé)任、創(chuàng)作自由和企業(yè)底線等問題。）通過這句話我們可以推測(cè)出，華納對(duì)于自己社會(huì)責(zé)任的無視，因此C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)社會(huì)責(zé)任的忽視”正確。而A選項(xiàng)“它提高了公司的股票價(jià)格”，這是確有其事，但并不是議員批評(píng)它的原因；B選項(xiàng)“它的靈魂的自我反省”，他們有沒有反省并不確定；D選項(xiàng)“它強(qiáng)調(diào)創(chuàng)作自由”，這個(gè)也不是參議員的觀點(diǎn)。

2.語義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三段Theflapoverrapisnotmakinglifeanyeasierforhim.（對(duì)他來說，說唱帶來的不安并沒有使生活變得更輕松。）并且后文講述了華納因?yàn)榘l(fā)行的一些說唱歌曲而遭到抨擊，因此說唱給他帶來的應(yīng)該是不好的事，因此A選項(xiàng)“爭(zhēng)論”正確。B選項(xiàng)“恐懼”，不符合原意；C選項(xiàng)“不幸，災(zāi)難”，語義過重；D選項(xiàng)“解決方案”，和原文不搭。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三段In1992,whenTimeWarnerwasunderfireforreleasingIce-T’sviolentrapsongCopKiller.（1992年，時(shí)代華納因發(fā)行Ice-T的暴力說唱歌曲《警察殺手》而遭到抨擊。）可知TimeWarner“引起民怨”，主要是因?yàn)樗霭媪斯膭?lì)暴力的唱片。因此B選項(xiàng)“發(fā)布了一個(gè)宣揚(yáng)暴力的唱片”正確。A選項(xiàng)“由于重組而被解雇的工人”；C選項(xiàng)“提倡街頭文化”以及D選項(xiàng)“挑戰(zhàn)民主社會(huì)的言論自由”都不正確。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第四段butthereweresignsthatthechairmanwasbackingoffhishard-linestand,atleasttosomeextent.（但有跡象表明，主席正在放棄他的強(qiáng)硬立場(chǎng)，至少在某種程度上是這樣。）因此B選項(xiàng)“他緩和了語氣，提出了一些新方案”正確。A選項(xiàng)“堅(jiān)定捍衛(wèi)言論自由的立場(chǎng)”；C選項(xiàng)“屈服于反對(duì)意見，從公司辭職”以及D選項(xiàng)“請(qǐng)求15名董事會(huì)成員無條件支持”都不是真實(shí)的。

5.判斷推理題。從最后一段Someofushaveknownformany,manyyearsthatthefreedomsundertheFirstAmendmentarenottotally（我們中的一些人已經(jīng)知道很多很多年了，第一修正案規(guī)定的自由并不是完全的），可知，憲法第一修正案中的言論自由不是沒有限制的，因此他們應(yīng)該同時(shí)考慮社會(huì)責(zé)任，對(duì)公司來說利益和社會(huì)責(zé)任通常不能兼顧。因此A選項(xiàng)“在公司里，利潤和社會(huì)責(zé)任很少能齊頭并進(jìn)”正確。B選項(xiàng)“很少有人關(guān)心企業(yè)的責(zé)任”，過于片面；C選項(xiàng)“關(guān)于時(shí)代華納政策的辯論很快就會(huì)牽涉到其他公司”，沒有提及；D選項(xiàng)“時(shí)代華納董事會(huì)對(duì)公司的政策意見不一”，不是真正的內(nèi)涵。

8.單選題

____youwerebusy,Iwouldn’thavebotheredyouwithmyquestions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ifrealized

B.HadIrealized

C.DidIhaverealizedthat

D.AsIrealized

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。虛擬條件句的從句部分含有were,should或had時(shí)，可省略if采用倒裝句型，將should(would或could)提前。因此正確答案為B。

9.單選題

Ifweacquiesce,we’llbeborrowing（）forthefuture.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pit

B.trouble

C.pitfall

D.storm

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)pit“礦井，深坑，陷阱”；B選項(xiàng)trouble“麻煩，煩惱，故障，動(dòng)亂”；C選項(xiàng)pitfall“陷阱，圈套，缺陷，誘惑”；D選項(xiàng)storm“暴風(fēng)雨，大動(dòng)蕩”。句意：如果我們默許，那么我們將在未來陷入到借貸麻煩中。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Asitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty,we（

）soformally.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.needn'tdressup

B.didnotneedhavedressedup

C.didnotneeddressup

D.needn'thavedressedup

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。needn’thavedone意為“不必做的事而做了”。

句意：原來只是一個(gè)小型家庭聚會(huì)，我們沒必要打扮得這么正式。

11.單選題

How

difficultitis（）themodern

worldwithoutoil.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Imagining

B.imagined

C.toimagine

D.haveimagined

【答案】C

【解析】句意：很難想象現(xiàn)代世界沒了石油會(huì)怎么樣。it做形式主語,不定式內(nèi)容為實(shí)際主語。

12.單選題

Questions13to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ithasremainedbasicallythesame.

B.Ithasbecomebetterunderstood.

C.Ithasbeenexaggerated.

D.Ithasdecreased.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itisnowthesecondleadingcauseofdeathforcentenarians.

B.Itdevelopsmoreeasilyincentenarianswhoarenotactive.

C.Itcallsformoreintensiveresearch.

D.Ithashadnoeffectivecuresofar.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theycherishtheirlifemorethanever.

B.Theirmindsfailbeforetheirbodiesdo.

C.Theirqualityoflifedeterioratesrapidly.

D.Theycaremoreabouttheirphysicalhealth.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

【解析】PassageTwo

[13]Inrecentyears,thedeathrateamongAmericancentenarians—peoplewhohavelivedtoage100orolder—hasdecreased,dropping14percentforwomenand20percentformenfrom2008to2014.Theleadingcausesofdeathinthisagegrouparealsochanging.

In2000,thetopfivecausesofdeathforcentenarianswereheartdisease,stroke,flu,cancerandAlzheimer’sdisease.Butby2014,thedeathratefromAlzheimer’sdiseaseforthisagegrouphadmorethandoubled—increasingfrom3.8percentto8.5percent—[14]makingtheprogressivebraindiseasethesecondleadingcauseof