考研英語之歷年完型

歷年真題-完形填空1998年考研英語完形填空UntilrecentlymosthistoriansspokeverycriticallyoftheIndustrialRevolution.They_41_thatinthelongrunindustrializationgreatlyraisedthestandardoflivingforthe_42_man.Buttheyinsistedthatits 43 resultsduringtheperiodfrom1750to1850werewidespreadpovertyandmiseryforthe_44_oftheEnglishpopulation._45_contrast,theysawintheprecedinghundredyearsfrom1650to1750,whenEnglandwasstilla_46_agriculturalcountry,aperiodofgreatabundanceandprosperity.Thisview, 47 ,isgenerallythoughttobewrong.Specialists 48 historyandeconomics,have_49_twothings：thattheperiodfrom1650to1750was_50_bygreatpoverty,andthatindustrializationcertainlydidnotworsenandmayhaveactuallyimprovedtheconditionsforthemajorityofthepopulace.[A]admitted[B]believed[C]claimed[D]predicted[A]plain[B]average[C]mean[b]normal[A]momentary[B]prompt[C]instant[b]immediate[A]bulk[B]host[C]gross[b]magnitude[A]On[B]With[C]For[D]By[A]broadly[B]thoroughly[C]generally[b]completely[A]however[B]meanwhile[C]therefore[b]moreover[A]at[B]in[C]about[D]for[A]manifested[B]approved[。]shown[b]speculated[A]noted[B]impressed[C]labeled[b]markedIndustrialsafetydoesnotjusthappen.Companies1lowaccidentratesplantheirsafetyprograms,workhardtoorganizethem,andcontinueworkingtokeepthem2andactive.Whentheworkiswelldone,a3ofaccidentfreeoperationsisestablished4timelostduetoinjuriesiskeptataminimum.Successfulsafetyprogramsmay5greatlyintheemphasisplacedoncertainaspectsoftheprogram.Someplacegreatemphasisonmechanicalguarding.Othersstresssafeworkpracticesby6rulesorregulations.7othersdependonanemotionalappealtotheworker.But,therearecertainbasicideasthatmustbeusedineveryprogramifmaximumresultsaretobeobtained.Therecanbenoquestionaboutthevalueofasafetyprogram.Fromafinancialstandpointalone,safety8.Thefewertheinjury9,thebettertheworkman'sinsurancerate.Thismaymeanthedifferencebetweenoperatingat10orataloss.1.[A]at[B]in[C]on[D]with2.[A]alive[B]vivid[C]mobile[D]diverse3.[A]regulation[B]climateEC]circumstance[D]requirement4.LA]where[B]how[C]whatED]unless5.[A]alter[B]differEC]shift[D]distinguish6.[A]constituting[B]aggravatingEC]observingCD]justifying7.[A]Some[B]ManyEC]Even[D]Still8.[A]comesoff[B]turnsup[C]paysoffED]holdsup9.[A]claims[8]reportsEC]declarations[D]proclamations10.[A]anadvantage[B]abenefit[C]aninterest[b]aprofitIfafarmerwishestosucceed,hemusttrytokeepawidegapbetweenhisconsumptionandhisproduction.Hemuststorealargequantityofgrain1consumingallhisgrainimmediately.Hecancontinuetosupporthimselfandhisfamily2heproducesasurplus.Hemustusethissurplusinthreeways：asseedforsowing,asaninsurance3theunpredictableeffectsofbadweatherandasacommoditywhichhemustsellinorderto4oldagriculturalimplementsandobtainchemicalfertilizersto5thesoil.Hemayalsoneedmoneytoconstructirrigation6andimprovehisfarminotherways.Ifnosurplusisavailable,afarmercannotbe7.Hemusteithersellsomeofhispropertyor8extrafundsintheformofloans.Naturallyhewilltrytoborrowmoneyatalow9ofinterest,butloansofthiskindarenot10obtainable.1.[A]otherthan[B]aswellas[C]insteadof[Dlmorethan2.[A]onlyif[B]muchas[C]longbefore[D]eversince3.[A]for[B]against[C]of[DItowards4.[A]replace[B]purchase[C]supplement[D]dispose5.[A]enhance[B]mix[C]feed[t>]raise6.[A]vessels⑻routes[C]paths[D]channels7.[A]self-confident[B]self-sufficient[C]self-satisfied[D]self-restrained8.[A]searchLB]save[C]offerED]seek9.[A]proportion[B]percentage[C]rate[D]ratio10.[A]genuinely⑻obviously[C]presumably[b]frequentlyThegovernmentistobanpaymentstowitnessesbynewspapersseekingtobuyuppeopleinvolvedinprominentcases]thetrialofRosemaryWest.Inasignificant2oflegalcontrolsoverthepress,LordIrvine,theLordChancellor,willintroducea3billthatwillproposemakingpaymentstowitnesses4andwillstrictlycontroltheamountof5thatcanbegiventoacase6atrialbegins.InalettertoGeraldKaufman,chairmanoftheHouseofCommonsmediaselectcommittee,LordIrvinesaidhe7withacommitteereportthisyearwhichsaidthatselfregulationdidnot_8sufficientcontrol.9ofthelettercametwodaysafterLordIrvinecauseda10ofmediaprotestwhenhesaidthe11ofprivacycontrolscontainedinEuropeanlegislationwouldbelefttojudges12toParliament.TheLordChancellorsaidintroductionoftheHumanRightsBill,which13theEuropeanConventiononHumanRightslegally14inBritain,laiddownthateverybodywas15toprivacyandthatpublicfigurescouldgotocourttoprotectthemselvesandtheirfamilies."Pressfreedomswillbeinsafehands16ourBritishjudges/hesaid.Witnesspaymentsbecamean17afterWestwassentencedto10lifesentencesin1995.Upto19witnesseswere18tohavereceivedpaymentsfortellingtheirstoriestonewspapers.Concernswereraised19witnessesmightbeencouragedexaggeratetheirstoriesincourtto20guiltyverdicts.1.[A]asto[B]forinstance[C]inparticular[b]suchas2.[A]tightening[B]intensifying[C]focusing[b]fastening3.[A]sketch[B]rough[C]preliminary[D]draft4.[A]illogicalLB]illegal[C]improbable[D]improper5.[A]publicity[B]penalty[C]popularity[D]peculiarity6.[A]sinceLB]if[C]before[b]as7.[A]sided[B]shared[C]complied[D]agreed8.[A]present[B]offer[C]manifest[D]indicate9.[A]ReleaseLB]Publication[C]Printing[D]Exposure10.[A]storm[B]rageEC]flare[D]flash11.[A]translation[B]interpretation[C]exhibition[D]demonstration12.[A]betterthan「B]otherthan[C]ratherthanFt>]soonerthan13.[A]changesLB]makesLC]sets[D]turns14.[A]binding[B]convincingEC]restraining[D]sustaining15.[A]authorizedLB]credited[C]entitled[b]qualified16.[A]with[B]to[C]from[D]by17.[A]impactLB]incident[C]inference[b]issue18.[A]statedLB]remarked[C]said[D]told19.[A]what[B]when[C]which[D]that20.[A]assure[B]confide[C]ensureEb]guaranteeComparisonsweredrawnbetweenthedevelopmentoftelevisioninthe20thcenturyandthediffusionofprintinginthe15thand16thcenturies.Yetmuchhadhappened_21_.Aswasdiscussedbefore,itwasnot_22_the19thcenturythatthenewspaperbecamethedominantpre-electronic.23—,followinginthewakeofthepamphletandthebookandinthe_24_oftheperiodical.Itwasduringthesametimethatthecommunicationsrevolution 25 up,beginningwithtransport,therailway,andleading_26_throughthetelegraph,thetelephone,radio,andmotionpictures_27_the20th-centuryworldofthemotorcarandtheairplane.Noteveryoneseesthatprocessin_28_.Itisimportanttodoso.Itisgenerallyrecognized, 29 thattheintroductionofthecomputerintheearly20thcentury,_30_bytheinventionoftheintegratedcircuitduringthe1960s,radicallychangedtheprocess,—31—itsimpactonthemediawasnotimmediately_32_.Astimewentby,computersbecamesmallerandmorepowerful,andtheybecame"personal"to。，aswellas_33_,withdisplaybecomingsharperandstorage 34 increasing.Theywerethoughtof,likepeople, 35 generations,withthedistancebetweengenerationsmuch_36_.Itwaswithinthecomputeragethattheterm''informationsocietyMbegantobewidelyusedtodescribethe_37_withinwhichwenowlive.Thecommunicationsrevolutionhas_38_bothworkandleisureandhowwethinkandfeelbothaboutplaceandtime,buttherehavebeen 39 viewaboutitseconomic,political,socialandculturalimplications."Benefits"havebeenweighed_40_"harmful“outcomes.Andgeneralizationshaveproveddifficult.[A]between[B]before[C]since[D]later[A]after[B]by[C]during[D]until[A]means[B]method[C]medium[b]measure[A]process[B]company[C]light[b]form[A]gathered[B]speeded[。]worked[b]picked[A]on[B]out[C]over[b]off[A]of[B]for[C]beyond[D]into[A]concept[B]dimension[C]effect[b]perspective[A]indeed[B]hence[C]however[D]therefore[A]brought[B]followed[C]stimulated[D]characterized[A]unless[B]since[C]lest[b]although[A]apparent[B]desirable。negative[b]plausible[A]institutional[B]universal[C]fundamental[b]instrumental[A]ability[B]capability[C]capacity[b]faculty[A]bymeansof[B]intermsof[C]withregardto[b]inlinewith[A]deeper[B]fewer[C]nearer[D]smaller[A]context[B]range[C]scope[b]territory[A]regarded[B]impressed[C]influenced[D]effected[A]competitive[B]controversial^]distracting。irrational[A]above[B]upon[C]against[D]withTeachersneedtobeawareoftheemotionaLintellectual,andphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserious1tohowtheycanbest2suchchanges.Growingbodiesneedmovementand3,butnotjustinwaysthatemphasizecompetition.4theyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewintellectualandemotionalchallenges,teenagersareespeciallyself-consciousandneedthe5thatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheiraccomplishmentsare6byothers.However,thetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuchcompetitionthatitwouldbe7toplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers,8,publishingnewsletterswithmanystudent-writtenbookreviews,9studentartwork,andsponsoringbookdiscussionclubs.Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide10opportunitiesforleadership,aswellasforpracticeinsuccessful11dynamics.Makingfriendsisextremelyimportanttoteenagers,andmanyshystudentsneedthe12ofsomekindoforganizationwithasupportiveadult13visibleinthebackground.Intheseactivities,itisimportanttorememberthattheyoungteenshave14attentionspans.Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized\5participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoonto16elsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipants17.Thisdoesnotmeanthatadultsmustacceptirresponsibility.18theycanhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentby19forrolesthatarewithintheir20andtheirattentionspansandbyhavingclearlystatedrules.1.[A]thought[B]idea[C]opinion[b]advice2.[A]strengthen[B]accommodate[C]stimulate[b]enhance3.[A]care[B]nutrition[C]exercise[b]leisure4.[A]If[B]Although[C]Whereas[b]Because5.[A]assistance[B]guidance[C]confidence[D]tolerance6.[A]claimed[B]admired[C]ignored[b]surpassed7.[A]improper[B]risky[C]fair[D]wise8.[A]ineffect[B]asaresult[C]forexample[b]inasense9.[A]displaying[B]describing[C]creating[b]exchanging10.[A]durable[B]excessive[C]surplus[D]multiple11.[A]group[B]individual[C]personnel[b]corporation[A]consent[A]particularly[A]similar[A]ifonly[A]everything[A]off[A]Onthecontrary[A]making[A]capability[B]insurance[B]barely[B]long[B]nowthat[B]anything[B]down[B]Ontheaverage[B]standing[B]responsibility[C]admission[C]definitely[C]different[C]sothat[b]security[D]rarely[D]short[b]evenif[C]nothing[b]something[C]out [b]alone[C]Onthewhole[D]Ontheotherhand[C]planning[b]taking[C]proficiency[b]efficiencyManytheoriesconcerningthecausesofjuveniledelinquency(crimescommittedbyyoungpeople)focuseitherontheindividualoronsocietyasthemajorcontributinginfluence.Theories1ontheindividualsuggestthatchildrenengageincriminalbehavior2theywerenotsufficientlypenalizedforpreviousmisdeedsorthattheyhavelearnedcriminalbehaviorthrough3withothers.Theoriesfocusingontheroleofsocietysuggestthatchildrencommitcrimesin4totheirfailuretoriseabovetheirsocioeconomicstatus,5asarejectionofmiddle-classvalues.Mosttheoriesofjuveniledelinquencyhavefocusedonchildrenfromdisadvantagedfamilies,_6thefactthatchildrenfromwealthyhomesalsocommitcrimes.Thelattermaycommitcrimes_7lackofadequateparentalcontrol.Alltheories,however,aretentativeandore8tocriticism.Changesinthesocialstructuremayindirectly9juvenilecrimerates.Forexample,changesintheeconomythat10tofewerjobopportunitiesforyouthandrisingunemployment11makegainfulemploymentincreasinglydifficulttoobtain.Theresultingdiscontentmayin12 leadmoreyouthsintocriminalbehavior.Familieshavealso13changestheseyears.Morefamiliesconsistofone-parenthouseholdsortwoworkingparents;14,childrenarelikelytohavelesssupervisionathome15wascommoninthetraditionalfamily16 .Thislackofparentalsupervisionisthoughttobeaninfluenceonjuvenilecrimerates.Other17—causesofoffensiveactsincludefrustrationorfailureinschool,theincreased18ofdrugsandalcohol,andthegrowing19ofchildabuseandchildneglect.Alltheseconditionstendtoincrease,theprobabilityofachildcommittingacriminalact,20adirectcausalrelationshiphasnotyetbeenestablished.1.[A]acting[B]relying[C]centering[D]commenting2.[A]before[B]unless[C]until[b]because3.[A]interaction[B]assimilation[C]cooperation[b]consultation4.[A]return[B]reply[C]reference[b]response5.[A]or[B]butrather[C]but[b]orelse6.[A]considering[B]ignoring[C]highlighting[D]discarding7.[A]on[B]in[C]for[D]with8.[A]immune[B]resistant[C]sensitive[D]subject9.[A]affect[B]reduce[C]chock[D]reflect10.[A]point[B]lead[C]come[b]amount11.[A]ingeneral[B]onaverage[C]bycontrast[D]atlength12.[A]case[B]short[C]turn[0]essence13.[A]survived[B]noticed[C]undertaken[b]experienced14.[A]contrarily[B]consequently[C]similarly[D]simultaneously15.[A]than[B]that[C]which[D]as16.[A]system[B]structure[C]concept[b]heritage17.[A]assessable[B]identifiable[C]negligible[D]incredible18.[A]expense[B]restriction[C]allocation[b]availability19.[A]incidence[B]awareness[C]exposure[D]popularity20.[A]provided[B]since[C]although[b]supposingThehumannoseisanunderratedtool.Humansareoftenthoughttobeinsensitivesmellerscomparedwithanimals, 1 thisislargelybecause, 2 animals,westandupright.Thismeansthatournosesare_3_toperceivingthosesmellswhichfloatthroughtheair,_4_themajorityofsmellswhichsticktosurfaces.Infact,—5—,weareextremelysensitivetosmells,—6_wedonotgenerallyrealizeit.Ournosesarecapableof 7 humansmellsevenwhentheseare 8 tofarbelowonepartinonemillion.Strangely,somepeoplefindthattheycansmellonetypeofflowerbutnotanother,_9_othersaresensitivetothesmellsofbothflowers.Thismaybebecausesomepeopledonothavethegenesnecessarytogenerate 10 smellreceptorsinthenose.Thesereceptorsarethecellswhichsensesmellsandsend_11_tothebrain.However,ithasbeenfoundthatevenpeopleinsensitivetoacertainsmell_12_cansuddenlybecomesensitivetoitwhen_13_toitoftenenough.Theexplanationforinsensitivitytosmellseemstobethatbrainfindsit 14 tokeepallsmellreceptorsworkingallthetimebutcan 15 newreceptorsifnecessary.Thismay 16 explainwhywearenotusuallysensitivetoourownsmellswesimplydonotneedtobe.Wearenot_17_oftheusualsmellofourownhousebutwe_18—newsmellswhenwevisitsomeoneelse's.Thebrainfindsitbesttokeepsmellreceptors_19_forunfamiliarandemergencysignals_20_thesmellofsmoke,whichmightindicatethedangeroffire.[A]although[B]as[C]but[b]while[A]above[B]unlike[C]excluding。besides[A]limited[B]committed[C]dedicated。confined[A]catching[B]ignoring[。]missing[b]tracking[A]anyway[B]though[C]instead[b]therefore[A]evenif[B]ifonly[C]onlyif[b]asif[A]distinguishing[B]discovering[。]determining。detecting[A]diluted[B]dissolved[C]determining[b]diffused[A]when[B]since[C]for[D]whereas[A]unusual[B]particular[C]unique[。]typical[A]signs[B]stimuli[C]messages[b]impulses[A]atatall[C]atlarge[b]attimes[A]subjected[B]left[C]drawn[b]exposed[A]ineffective[B]incompetent[C]inefficient。insufficient[A]introduce[B]summon[C]trigger[b]create[A]still網(wǎng)also[C]otherwise[。]nevertheless[A]sure[B]sick[C]aware[b]tired[A]tolerate[B]repel[C]neglect[D]notice[A]available[B]reliable[C]identifiable[D]suitable[A]similarto[B]suchas[C]alongwith[D]asidefromThehomelessmakeupagrowingpercentageofAmerica'spopulation._1_homelessnesshasreachedsuchproportionsthatlocalgovernmentcan'tpossibly 2 .Tohelphomelesspeople 3 independence,thefederalgovernmentmustsupportjobtrainingprograms,—4_theminimumwage,andfundmorelow-costhousing. 5 everyoneagreesonthenumbersofAmericanswhoarehomeless.Estimates 6 anywherefrom600,000to3million._7_thefiguremayvary,analystsdoagreeonanothermatter：thatthenumberofthehomelessis_8—.Oneofthefederalgovernment'sstudies_9_thatthenumberofthehomelesswillreachnearly19millionbytheendofthisdecade.Findingwaysto_10_thisgrowinghomelesspopulationhasbecomeincreasinglydifficult._11_whenhomelessindividualsmanagetofinda 12 thatwillgivethemthreemealsadayandaplacetosleepatnight,agoodnumberstillspendthebulkofeachday_13_thestreet.Partoftheproblemisthatmanyhomelessadultsareaddictedtoalcoholordrugs.Andasignificantnumberofthehomelesshaveseriousmentaldisorders.Manyothers, 14 notaddictedormentallyill,simplylacktheeveryday_15_skillsneedtoturntheirlives_16_.BostonGlobereporterChrisReidynotesthatthesituationwillimproveonlywhenthereare_17—programsthataddressthemanyneedsofthehomeless._18_EdwardBlotkowsk,directorofcommunityserviceatBentleyCollegeinMassachusetts, 19 it,"Therehastobe 20 ofprograms.Whatweneedisapackagedeal/*[A]Indeed[B]Likewise[。]Therefore[b]Furthermore[A]stand[B]cope[C]approve[b]retain[A]in[B]for[C]with[b]toward[A]raise[B]add[C]take[b]keep[A]generally[B]almost[C]hardly[b]not[A]cover[B]change[C]range[D]differ[A]Nowthat[B]Although[C]Provided[b]Exceptthat[A]inflating[B]expanding[C]increasing。extending[A]predicts[B]displays[C]proves[D]discovers[A]assist[B]track[C]sustain[。]dismiss[A]Hence[B]But[C]Even[D]Only[A]lodging[B]shelter[C]dwelling[b]house[A]searching[B]strolling[C]crowding[。]wandering[A]when[B]once[C]while[b]whereas[A]existence[C]survival[D]maintenance[A]around[B]over[C]on[b]up[A]complex[B]comprehensive[。]pensating[A]So[B]Since[C]As[D]Thus[A]puts[B]interprets/]assumes[D]makes[A]supervision[B]manipulation[C]regulation。coordinationBy1830theformerSpanishandPortuguesecolonieshadbecomeindependentnations.Theroughly20million1ofthesenationslooked2_tothefuture.BorninthecrisisoftheoldregimeandIberianColonialism,manyoftheleadersofindependence^theideasofrepresentativegovernment,careers4totalent,freedomofcommerceandtrade,the旦toprivateproperty,andabeliefintheindividualasthebasisofsociety,_6therewasabeliefthatthenewnationsshouldbesovereignandindependentstates?largeenoughtobeeconomicallyviableandintegratedbya7setoflaws.Ontheissueof_8ofreligionandthepositionofthechurch,9_,therewaslessagreement10theleadership.RomanCatholicismhadbeenthestatereligionandtheonlyone11bytheSpanishcrown?12mostleaderssoughttomaintainCatholicism13theofficialreligionofthenewstates,somesoughttoendthe14ofotherfaiths.ThedefenseoftheChurchbecamearallying15fortheconservativeforces.Theidealsoftheearlyleadersofindependencewereoftenegalitarian,valuingequalityofeverything.BolivarhadreceivedaidfromHaitiandhad16inreturntoabolishslaveryintheareasheliberated.By1854slaveryhadbeenabolishedeverywhereexceptSpain's17colonies.EarlypromisestoendIndiantributeandtaxesonpeopleofmixedorigincamemuch18becausethenewnationsstillneededtherevenuesuchpolicies19Egalitariansentimentswereoftentemperedbyfearsthatthemassofthepopulationwas20self-ruleanddemocracy.[A]natives[B]inhabitants[C]peoples[b]individuals[A]confusedly[B]cheerfully[C]worriedly[b]hopefully[A]shared[B]forgot[C]attained[D]rejected[A]related[B]close[C]open[D]devoted[A]access[B]succession[C]right[D]return[A]Presumably[B]Incidentally[C]Obviously[D]Generally[A]unique[B]common[C]particular[b]typical[A]freedom[B]origin[C]impact[b]reform[A]therefore[B]however[C]indeed[D]moreover[A]with[B]about[C]among[D]by[A]allowed[B]preached[C]granted[b]funded[A]Since[B]If[C]Unless[D]While[A]as[B]for[C]under[D]against[A]spread[B]interference[C]exclusion[D]influence[A]support[B]cry[C]plea[b]wish[A]urged[B]intended[C]expected[D]promised[A]controlling[B]former[C]remaining[b]original[A]slower[B]faster[C]easier[b]tougher[A]created[B]produced[C]contributed[b]preferred[A]puzzledby[B]hostileto[C]pessimisticabout[b]unpreparedfoTheideathatsomegroupsofpeoplemaybemoreintelligentthanothersisoneofthosehypothesesthatdarenotspeakitsname.ButGregoryCochranis1tosayitanyway.Heisthat2_bird,ascientistwhoworksindependently3anyinstitution.Hehelpedpopularizetheideathatsomediseasesnot4thoughttohaveabacterialcausewereactuallyinfections,whicharousedmuchcontroversywhenitwasfirstsuggested.5he,however,mighttrembleatthe6ofwhatheisabouttodo.Togetherwithanothertwoscientists,heispublishingapaperwhichnotonly7thatonegroupofhumanityismoreintelligentthantheothers,butexplainstheprocessthathasbroughtthisabout.Thegroupin8_reaparticularpeopleoriginatedfromcentralEurope.Theprocessisnaturalselection.ThisgroupgenerallydowellinIQtest,9_2-15pointsabovethe10valueof100,andhavecontributed11totheintellectualandculturallifeoftheWest,asthe12oftheirelites,includingseveralworld-renownedscientists衛(wèi)heyalsosuffermoreoftenthanmostpeoplefromanumberofnastygeneticdiseases,suchasbreastcancer.Thesefacts,14avepreviouslybeenthoughtunrelated.Theformerhasbeen15socialeffects,suchasastrongtraditionof16ucation.Thelatterwasseenasa(an)17geneticisolation.br.Cochransuggeststhattheintelligenceanddiseasesareintimately坦Jsargumentisthattheunusualhistoryofthesepeoplehas19emtouniqueevolutionarypressuresthathaveresultedinthis20ateofaffairs.[A]selected[B]prepared[C]obliged[b]pleased[A]unique[B]particular[C]special[b]rare[A]of[B]with[C]in[D]against[A]subsequently[B]presently[C]previously[b]lately[A]Only[B]So[C]Even[D]Hence[A]thought[B]sight[C]cost[b]risk[A]advises[B]suggests[C]protests[D]objects[A]progress[B]fact[C]need[b]question[A]attaining[B]scoring[C]reaching[b]calculating[A]normal[B]common[C]mean[b]total[A]unconsciously[B]disproportionately[C]indefinitely[b]unaccountably[A]missions[B]fortunes[C]interests[D]careers[A]affirm[B]witness[C]observe[b]approve[A]moreover[B]therefore[C]however[b]meanwhile[A]givenup[B]gotover[C]carriedon[0]putdown[A]assessing[B]supervising[C]administering[b]valuing[A]development[B]origin[C]consequence[b]instrument[A]linked[B]integrated[C]woven[b]combined[A]limited[B]subjected[C]converted[D]directed[A]paradoxical[B]incompatible[C]inevitable[b]continuousResearchonanimalintelligencealwaysmakesmewonderjusthowsmarthumansare.1_thefruit-flyexperimentsdescribedinCarlZimmerspieceintheScienceTimesonTuesday.Fruitflieswhoweretaughttobesmarterthantheaveragefruitfly2_toliveshorterlives.Thissuggeststhat3bulbsburnlonger,thatthereisan4innotbeingtooterrificallybright.Intelligence,it5out,isahigh-pricedoption.Ittakesmoreupkeep,burnsmorefuelandisslow6thestartinglinebecauseitdependsonlearning-agradual7—insteadofinstinct.Plentyofotherspeciesareabletolearn,andoneofthethingstheyveapparentlylearnediswhento8_.Isthereanadaptivevalueto9intelligence?Thafsthequestionbehindthisnewresearch.Ilikeit.Insteadofcastingawistfulglance10atallthespecieswe'veleftinthedustI.Q.-wise,itimplicitlyaskswhatthereal11ofourownintelligencemightbe.Thisis12themindofeveryanimalIveevermet.Researchonanimalintelligencealsomakesmewonderwhatexperimentsanimalswould13onhumansiftheyhadthechance.Everycatwithanowner,14,isrunningasmall-scalestudyinoperantconditioning,webelievethat15_animalsranthelabs,theywouldtestusto16thelimitsofourpatience,ourfaithfulness,ourmemoryforterrain.Theywouldtrytodecidewhatintelligenceinhumansisreally17_,notmerelyhowmuchofitthereis.18,theywouldhopetostudya19_question：Arehumansactuallyawareoftheworldtheylivein?20theresultsareinconclusive.1.[A]Suppose[B]Consider[C]Observe[D]Imagine2.[A]tended[B]feared[C]happened[b]threatened3.[A]thinner[B]stabler[C]lighter[b]dimmer4.[A]tendency[B]advantage[C]inclination[b]priority5.[A]insistson[B]sumsup[C]turnsout[b]putsforward6.[A]off[B]behind[C]over[b]along7.[A]incredible[B]spontaneous[C]inevitable[b]gradual8.[A]fight[B]doubt[C]stop[D]think9.[A]invisible[B]limited[C]indefinite[D]different10.[A]upward[B]forward[C]afterward[b]backward11.[A]features[B]influences[C]results[0]costs12.[A]outside[B]on[C]by[b]across13.[A]deliver[B]carry [C]perform [D]apply14.[A]bychance[B]incontrast [C]asusual [D]forinstance15.[A]if網(wǎng)unless [C]as [D]lest16.[A]moderate[B]overcome[C]determine [b]reach17.[A]at[B]for [C]after [D]with18.[A]Aboveall[B]Afterall [C]However [D]Otherwise19.[A]fundamental[B]comprehensive[C]equivalent [b]hostile20.[A]Byaccident[B]Intime [C]Sofar [b]Better2010年考研英語一完形填空In1924AmericanNationalResearchCouncilsenttoengineerstosuperviseaseriesofindustrialexperimentsatalargetelephone-partsfactorycalledtheHawthorePlantnearChicago.lthopedtheywouldlearnhowstop-floonlignting1workersproductivity.Instead,thestudiesended_2givingtheirnametothe''Hawthorneeffect",theextremelyinfluentialideathatthevery 3tobeingexperimenteduponchangedsubjects'behavior.Theideaarosebecauseofthe 4behaviorofthewomenintheHawthornepbnt.Accordingto_5oftheexperments,theirhourlyoutputrosewhenlightingwasincreased,butalsowhenitwasdimmed.Itdidnot_6