英美概況試題范圍(附答案)

英美概況試題范圍(附答案)英美概況試題范圍(附答案)英美概況試題范圍(附答案)V:1.0精細整理，僅供參考英美概況試題范圍(附答案)日期：20xx年X月名詞解釋：1.TheGreatDepression2IndustrialRevolution3MeltingPot4.BlackDeath5.AmericanConstitutionOctober24，1929，theAmericanstockmarketcrashed.Billionsofdollarsofpaperprofitswerewipedoutwithinafewhours.Thisledtoalongeconomicdepression.2.TheIndustrialRevolutionreferstothemechanizationofindustryandtheconsequencesinsocialandeconomicorganizationinBritaininthelate18thandearly19thcenturies.Britainwasthefirstcountrytoindustrialize.TheIndustrialRevolutioninBritainfirstbeganinthetextileindustry.3.SincetheUnitedStatesisanationofmanyethnicgroups，itisalsoknownasa“meltingpot，”meaningimmigrantsfromdifferentnationsallovertheworldhavemixedtomakeuptheAmericannation.4.BlackDeathwasthemodernnamegiventothedeadlybubonicplague，anepidemicdiseasespreadbyratfleas.ItspreadthroughEuropeinthe14thcentury.ItsweptthroughEnglandinthesummerof1348withoutwarning.Itkilledmanypeople.Asaresultoftheplague，muchlandwasleftuntendedandtherewasaterribleshortageoflabor.5.TheConstitutionoftheUnitedStatesisthebasicinstrumentofAmericangovernmentandthesupremelawoftheland.Itistheoldestwrittenconstitutionintheworld.Itwasdrawnupin1787andwentintoeffectin1789.Itfoundedfederalismandintroducedchecksandbalancesintogovernmentforthefirsttimeinhistory.。1929年10月24日,美國股市崩盤。數(shù)十億美元的賬面利潤是在幾個小時內消失。這導致了長期的經濟蕭條。2。工業(yè)革命指的是機械化工業(yè)和社會和經濟組織的后果在18世紀末和19世紀初的英國。英國是第一個工業(yè)化的國家。工業(yè)革命在英國首先開始于紡織工業(yè)。3。因為美國是一個多民族的國家,它也被稱為“大熔爐”,意味著移民來自世界各地不同國家混合組成美國國家。4。黑死病是現(xiàn)代的名字給了致命的黑死病,病由鼠蚤傳播流行。在14世紀傳遍歐洲。它席卷英格蘭在1348年的夏天沒有警告。它造成許多人死亡。由于瘟疫,大片土地無人照管和勞動力極度匱乏。5。美國的憲法是美國政府的基本儀器和最高法律。它是世界上最古老的成文憲法。1787年制定,并于1789年生效。它建立聯(lián)邦制和引進制衡政府歷史上第一次。

theBlackDeath

ItwasthedeadlybubonicplaguewhospreadthroughEuropeinthe14thcentury.ItsweptthroughEnglandwithoutwarningandanycure,andsparingnovictims.Itkilledbetweenhalfandone-thirdofthepopulationofEngland.Thus,muchlandwasleftuntendedandlabourwasshort.Itcausedfar-reachingeconomicconsequences.這是致命的黑死病在14世紀傳遍歐洲。它席卷英格蘭沒有警告,任何治療,和毫不吝惜的受害者。它殺死了一半到三分之一的人口。因此,大片土地無人照管和勞動力短缺。它造成了深遠的經濟后果。

BloodyMary

HenryVIII’sdaughterandadevoutCatholic.WhenshebecameQueen,shepersecutedandburntmanyProtestants.Soshewasgiventhenickname“BloodyMary”.MaryisalsorememberedasthemonarchwholosttheFrenchportofCalais.亨利八世的女兒和一位虔誠的天主教徒。當她成為皇后,迫害和燒毀許多新教徒。所以她被“血腥瑪麗”的綽號?，旣愐灿浀镁魇シ▏觼砀?。.

theGreatLakes

TheGreatLakesarethemostimportantlakesintheUnitedStates.TheyareLakeSuperior,whichisthelargestfreshwaterlakeintheworld,LakeMichigan——theonlyoneentirelyinthe.——LakeHuron,LakeErieandLakeOntario.TheyarealllocatedbetweenCanadaandtheUnitedStatesexceptLakeMichigan.五大湖在美國最重要的湖泊。蘇必略湖,是世界上最大的淡水湖,密歇根湖,唯一一個完全在美國,休倫湖,伊利湖和安大略湖。他們都位于加拿大和美國之間除了密西根湖。Whatismeantbytheterm“welfarestate”inBritain?

——Thewelfarestateisasystemofgovernmentbywhichthestateprovidestheeconomicandsocialsecurityofitscitizensthroughitsorganizationofhealthservices,pensionsandotherfacilities.Thesystemisfundedoutofnationalinsurancecontributionsandtaxation.InBritainthetermappliesmainlytoNationalHealthService(NHS),nationalinsuranceandsocialsecurity.“福利國家”——政府的福利國家是一個系統(tǒng)的國家提供經濟和社會保障的公民通過其組織衛(wèi)生服務、養(yǎng)老金和其他設施。該系統(tǒng)是由全國保險稅和賦稅。術語主要適用于在英國國民健康服務(NHS),國民保險和社會保障。

WhataresomeofthecharacteristicsofAmericaneducation?——(1)FormaleducationintheUnitedStatesconsistsofelementary,secondaryandhighereducation.

(2)Publiceducationsisfreeandcompulsory.

(3)DiversityisconsideredtobeanoutstandingcharacteristicofAmericaneducation.

(4)Educationisafunctionofthestates,notthefederalgovernment.美國教育的特點是什么——(1)在美國正規(guī)的教育由初等、中等和高等教育。(2)公共教育是免費和義務的。(3)多樣性被認為是美國教育的一個突出特點。(4)教育是美國的函數(shù),而不是聯(lián)邦政府。

Whatroledoesthecommunitycollegeplay

Whatfunctionsdoesitperform

WhatisitimportantinAmericanhighereducation

Whatistheguidingprincipleofsuchacollege

——ThecommunitycollegeasaninstitutionisoneofthemostimportantinnovationsinthehistoryofAmericanhighereducationmoreaccessibleandinmeetingtheneedsofeducatedadults,employeesoflocalbusiness,professionalrequiringcertificationaswellascommunityorganizations.Itperformsfivemainfunctions.First,itpreparesstudentsfortransferringtoaBAprogramatafour-yearinstitution.Second,itprovidesvocationaltrainingforpeoplewhoarealreadyworkingorexpecttobeworkinginthefuture.Third,itgivesremedialinstructiontohigherschoolstudentswhoareunderpreparedforcollegeacademicallyandadultswhodidnotlearnbasicskillsinelementaryorsecondaryschool.Fourth,itoffersrecreational,culturalactivitiesforadultswhoarenotseekingregularvocationaloracademicskill.Fifth,itabsorbsstudentsinafour-yearprogramwhoarenotqualifiedintoalower-statusvocationalprogram.Theguidingprincipleofcommunitycollegeishighereducationforeveryoneandthephilosophythatequalitymustmeanequalopportunityforself-realizationandfortherecognitionofindividualdifferences.社區(qū)學院發(fā)揮什么作用它執(zhí)行什么功能美國高等教育是什么重要的消息嗎一個大學的指導原則是什么——社區(qū)學院作為一個機構是歷史上最重要的創(chuàng)新之一,美國的高等教育更容易滿足患者的需求,受過教育的成年人,本地業(yè)務的員工,專業(yè)要求認證以及社區(qū)組織。它執(zhí)行五個主要功能。首先,它準備學生轉移到英航計劃四年的機構。其次,它為那些已經工作或提供職業(yè)培訓期望在未來工作。第三,它給補救教學高等學校學生準備不充分的大學學業(yè)和成年人沒有在小學或中學學習基本技能。第四,它提供了休閑、文化活動對于成年人不尋求定期職業(yè)或學術技能。第五,它可以吸收學生四年計劃不合格看低職業(yè)計劃。社區(qū)學院的指導原則對每個人來說都是高等教育和哲學必須為自我實現(xiàn)意味著平等機會平等,承認個體差異。I.MultipleChoices:Chooseonerightanswerfromthefourchoices:1.

ThehighestmountaininBritainis____.A.Scafell

B.BenNevis（本尼維斯）C.theCotswolds

D.theForth2.ThelongestriverinBritainis_____.A.theClyde

B.theMerseyC.theSevern（塞汶河）

D.theThames3.ThelargestlakeinBritainis_____.A.theLoughNeage

內伊湖

B.WindermereWaterC.ConistonWater

D.theLakeDistrict4.WhichpartofBritainisalwaysfightingA.England

B.ScotlandC.Wales

D.NorthemIreland5.TheimmigrantscomingtoBritainaremainlyfrom_____.

A.Europe

B.theUnitedStates

C.Africa

D.theWestIndies,IndiesandPakistan

6.ThefirstinhabitantsinBritainwere_____.A.theNormans

B.theCeltsC.theIberians

伊比利來

D.theAnglo-Saxons7.BritishRecordedhistorybeganwith_____.

A.Romaninvasion

B.theNormanConquest

C.theVikingandDanishinvasion

D.theAnglo-Saxonsinvasion8.In829,_____actuallybecametheoverlordofalltheEnglish.

A.John

B.JamesI

C.Egbert

埃格伯特中世紀英格蘭西撒克遜國王，英格蘭首任國王(829～839)

D.HenryI9.ChristmasDay____,DukeWilliamwascrownedinWestminsterAbbey.

A.1056

B.1066

C.1006

D.106010.HenryIIwasthefirstkingofthe_____dynasty.

A.Windsor

B.Tudor

C.Malcolm

D.Plantagenet11.In1265____summonedtheGreatCouncil,whichhasbeenseenastheearliestparliament.

A.HenryIII

B.thePope

C.Barons

D.SimondeMontfort12.TheHundredYears’warstatedin____andwaendedin____,inwhichtheEnglishhadlostalltheterritoriesofFranceexcepttheFrenchportof____.

A.1337,1453,Flanders

B.1337,1453,Calais

C.1346,1453,Argencourt

D.1346,1453,Brest13.TheWarsofRoseslastedfor_____yearsandking_____wasreplacedbyking_____.

A.30,RichardIII,HenryTudor

B.50,RichardIII,HenryTudor

C.30,RichardI,HenryTudor

D.50,RichardI,HenryTudor14.TheRenaissancebeganin____intheearly____century.

A.England,14

B.England,15

C.Italy,14

D.Italy15.TheEnglishCivilWarisalsocalled_____.

A.theGloriousRevolution

B.theBloodyRevolution

C.theCatholicRevolution

D.thePuritanRevolution16.In_____,asmallgroupofPuritanssailedfrom_____intheMayflowertobethefirstsettlersintheNew

A.1620,London

B.1620,Plymouth

C.1720,London

D.1720,Plymout17.Inthe18thcentury,thereappeared____inEngland,whichowedagreatdealtotheinventionofmachines.

A.theIndustrialRevolution

B.theBourgeoisRevolution

C.theWarsoftheRoses

D.theReligiousReformation18.Englishcolonialexpansionbeganwiththecolonizationof_____in1583.

A.Canada

B.Australia

C.India

D.Newfoundland19._____wasfamousforhisabdicationbecauseofhismarriagewithadivorcedAmerican:

A.EdwardVIII

B.EdwardVII

C.GeorgeVI

D.GeorgeVII20.InJanuary_____BritainbecameamemberoftheEuropeanEconomicCommunity.

A.1957

B.1967

C.1973

D.197921.soonafter_____,Britainnotonlygaveupitseconmichegemonybutalsosufferedadeeplossofitspositionofindustrialleadership.

A.1900

B.theFirstWorldWar

C.theSecondWorldWar

D.196022.Inthe1970samongthedevelopedcountries,Britainmaintainedthelowest_____rateandthehighest_____rate.

A.inflation,growth

B.growth,inflation

C.growth,divorce

D.growth,birth23.ThefollowingareallreasonsofBritishdeclineofcoalindustryexcept_____.

A.theexhaustionofoldmines

B.costlyextraction

C.littlemoneybeinginvested

D.thelabourshortage24.Britain’sforeigntradeismainlywith_____.

A.developingcountries

B.otherCommonwealthcountries

C.otherdevelopedcountries

D.EC25.TheHouseofLordsispresidedoverby_____.

A.theLordChancellor

B.theQueen

C.theArchbishopofCanterbury

D.thePrimeMinister26.AGeneralElectionisheldevery_____yearsandthereare_____membersofParliamentsareelected.

A.five,600

B.five,650

C.five,651

D.four,65127.ThePrimeMinisterisappointedby_____andheorshealwayssitsin_____.A.

theArchbishopofCanterbury,theHouseofCommonsB.

theArchbishopofCanterbury,theHouseofLordsC.

theQueen,theHouseofCommonsD.

theQueen,theHouseofLords28.Theultimateauthorityforlaw-makingresidesin_____.

A.theQueen

B.theCabinet

C.theHouseofLords

D.theHouseofCommons29.ThesourcesofBritishlawinclude_____.A.

statutes,commonlaw,equitylawandEuropeanCommunitylawB.

statutes,commonlawandequitylawC.

statutes,commonlawandEuropeanCommunitylawD.

acompletecodeandstatutes30.Incriminaltrialsbyjury,_____passessentencedand_____decidetheissueofguiltorinnocence.A.

thejudge,thejury

B.thejudge,thejudgeC.thejury,thejury

D.theLordChancellor,thejury31.____triesthemostseriousoffencessuchasmurderandrobbery.

A.Magistrates’courts

B.Youthcourts

C.districtcourts

D.TheCrownCourt32.London’sMetropolitanPoliceForceisunderthecontrolof_____.

A.theEnglandsecretaries

B.theScottishSecretaries

C.NorthernIrelandSecretaries

D.theHomeSecretary33.TheNationalHealthServicewasestablishedintheUKin_____andbasedatfirston_____.

A.1948,ActsofParliament

B.1958,ActsofParliament

C.1948,theBillofRights

D.1958,theBillofRights34.Thenon-contributorysocialsecuritybenefitsincludethefollowingexcept_____.

A.warpension

B.childbenefit

C.familycredit

D.unemploymentbenefit35.Exceptthat_____maynotbeaRomanCatholic,publicofficesareopenwithoutdistinctiontomembersofallchurchsorofnone.

A.thelordChancellor

B.thePrimeMinister

C.theSpeaker

D.theministersofalldepartments36.About90percentofthestatesecondaryschoolpopulationintheUKattend_____.

A.independentschools

B.juniorschools

C.independentschools

D.primaryschools37.Therearesome____universities,includingtheOpenUniversity.

A.900

B.290

C.90

D.5038.InBritain,childrenfromtheageof5to16can_____bylaw.A.

receivecompletelyfreeeducationB.

receiveparlyfreeeducationC.

receivenofreeeducationiftheirfamiliesarerichD.

receivenofreeeducationatall39.Withregardtoitssize,theUSAisthe_____countryintheworld.

A.largest

B.secondlargest

C.thirdlargest

D.fourthlargest40.Inthefollowingrivers,_____hasbeencalledtheAmericanRuhr.

A.theMississippi

B.theMissouri

C.theHudson

D.theOhio41.Amongthefollowingrivers,_____formsanaturalboundarybetweenMexicoandthe.

A.thePotomac

B.theColumbia

C.theRioGrandeRiver

42.AllthefollowinguniversitiesandcollegesarelocatedinNewEngland,except_____.

A.Yale

B.Harvard

C.Oxford

D.MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology43.Thenation’scapitalcityWashington.andNewYorkarelocatedin_____.

A.theAmericanWest

B.theGreatPlains

C.theMidwest

D.theMiddleAtlanticStates44.TheMidwestinAmerica’smostimportant_____area.

A.agricultural

B.industrial

C.manufacturing

D.miningindustry45.InthecaseofBrownversusBoardofEducation,theSupremeCourtruledthat_____.A.

separateeducationalfacilitieshadbeenillegalB.

educationalfacilitieshadbeenseparatebutequalC.

educationalfacilitieshadbeenequalD.

separateeducationalfacilitieswereinherentlyunequal46.TheChineseExclusionActwaspassedin_____.

A.1882

B.1883

C.1900

D.192447.ThefirstimmigrantsinAmericanhistorycamefrom____and____.A.Ireland/France

B.England/ChinaC.Scotland/England

D.England/Netherland48.UncleTom’sCabinandRootsaretwonovelswhichgiveavividdescriptionofthemiserablelifeofthe_____.A.earlysettlers

B.PuritansC.nativeIndians

D.blackslaves49.AccordingtoAmericanhistoriansandspecialistsindemography,thereare_____greatpopulationmovementinthehistoryoftheUnitedStates.A.two

B.three

C.four

D.five50.ManyearlyChineseimmigrantsworkedintheminingindustry,especiallyinthe_____.

A.goldmines

B.silvermines

C.coalmines

D.coppermines51.TheDeclarationofIndependencewasdraftedby_____.

A.JamesMadison

B.ThomesJefferson

C.AlexanderHamilton

D.GeorgeWashington52.OnJuly4,177A.

theFirstContinentalCongressB.

theSecondContinentalCongressC.

theThirdContinentalCongressD.

theConstitutionalConvention53.Thevictoryof_____wastheturningpointoftheWarofIndependence.

A.Saratoga

B.Gettysburg

C.Trenton

D.Yorktow