考研英語(yǔ)全程備考年半

2011

Text

1The

decision

of

the

New

York

Philharmonic

to

hireAlan

Gilbert

as

its

next

music

director

has

been

thetalk

of

the

classical-music

world

ever

since

the

suddenannouncement

of

his

appointment

in

2009.

For

themost

part,

the

response

has

been

favorable,

to

say

theleast.

“Hooray!

At

last!”

wrote

Anthony

Tommasini,

asober-sided

classical-music

critic.驚喜【最強(qiáng)考研】考研人的精神家園！One

of

the

reasons

why

the

appointment

came

assuch

a

surprise,

however,

is

that

Gilbert

iscomparatively

little

known.

Even

Tommasini,

who

hadadvocated

Gilbert’s

appointment

in

the

Times,

callshim

“an

unpretentious

musician

with

no

air

of

theformidable

conductor

about

him”.

As

a

description

ofthe

next

music

director

of

an

orchestra

that

hashitherto

been

led

by

musicians

like

Gustav

Mahler

andPierre

Boulez,

that

seems

likely

to

have

struck

at

leastsome

Times

readers

as

faint

praise.驚喜【最強(qiáng)考研】考研人的精神家園！For

my

part,

I

have

no

idea

whether

Gilbert

is

a

greatconductorperformsor

even

a

goodan

impressiveone.

To

be

sure,

hevariety

of

interestingcompositions,

but

it

is

not

necessary

forme

to

visitAvery

Fisher

Hall,

or

anywhere

else,

to

hear

interestingorchestral

music.

All

I

have

to

s

to

go

to

my

CDshelf,

or

boot

up

my

computer

and

download

still

morerecorded

music

from

iTunes.驚喜【最強(qiáng)考研】考研人的精神家園！Devoted

concertgoers

who

reply

that

recordingsare

no

substitute

for

live

performance

are

missing

thepoint.

For

the

time,

attention,

and

money

of

the

art-loving

public,

classical

instrumentalists

must

competenot

only

with

opera

houses,

dance

troupes,

theatercompanies,

and

museums,

but

also

with

the

recordedperformances

of

the

great

classical

musicians

of

the20th

century.驚喜【最強(qiáng)考研】考研人的精神家園！These

recordingsare

cheap,

available

everywhere,and

very

often

much

higher

in

artistic

quality

thantoday’s

live

performances;moreover,can

beplaceat

a

time

andThe

widespreadavailabilitytheyof

the

listener’s“consumed”choosing.recordingshas

thus

brought

about

a

crisisof

suchin

theinstitution

of

the

traditional

classical

concert.驚喜【最強(qiáng)考研】考研人的精神家園！One

possible

response

is

for

classical

performers

toprogram

attractive

new

music

that

is

not

yet

available

onrecord.

Gilbert’s

own

interest

in

new

music

has

beenwidely

noted:

Alex

Ross,a

classical-music

critic,

hasdescribed

him

as

a

man

who

is

capable

of

turning

thePhilharmonic

into

“a

markedly

different,

more

vibrantorganization”.

But

what

will

be

the

nature

of

thatdifference?

Merely

expanding

the

orchestra’s

repertoirewill

not

be

enough.

If

Gilbert

and

the

Philharmonic

are

tosucceed,

they

must

change

the

relationship

betweenAmerica’s

oldest

orchestra

and

the

new

audience

ithopes

to

attract.驚喜【最強(qiáng)考研】考研人的精神家園！21.WelearnfromPara.

1thatGilbert’sappointmenthas

.［A］incurred

criticism［B］raised

suspicion［C］received

acclaim［D］aroused

curiosity驚喜【最強(qiáng)考研】考研人的精神家園！22.Tommasiniregards

Gilbertasanartistwhois

.［A］influential［B］modest［C］respectable［D］talented驚喜【最強(qiáng)考研】考研人的精神家園！23.Theauthorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers

.［A］ignore

the

expenses

of

live

performances［B］reject

most

kinds

of

recorded

performances［C］exaggerate

the

variety

of

live

performances［D］overestimate

the

value

of

live

performances驚喜【最強(qiáng)考研】考研人的精神家園！24.

According

to

the

text,

whichof

the

following

is

ture

ofrecordings?［A］They

are

often

inferior

to

live

concerts

in

quality.［B］They

are

easily

accessible

to

t eral

public.［C］They

help

improve

thequality

of

music.［D］They

have

only

covered

masterpieces.驚喜【最強(qiáng)考研】考研人的精神家園！25.

Regarding

Gilbert’s

role

in

revitalizing

the

Philharmonic,

theauthorfeels

.［A］doubtful［B］enthusiastic［C］confident［D］puzzled驚喜【最強(qiáng)考研】考研人的精神家園！2011

Text

2When

Liam

McGee

departed

as of

Bankof

America

in

August,

his

explanation

was

surprisinglystraight

up.

Rather

than

cloaking

his

exit

in

the

usualvague

excuses,

he

came

right

out

and

said

he

wasleaving

“to

pursue

my

goal

of

running

a

company.”Broadcasting

his

ambition

was

“very

mu

ydecision,”

McGeesays.

Within

two

weeks,

he

wastalking

for

the

time

with

th of

HartfordFinancial

Services

Group,

which

named

him

CEO

andchairman

on

September

29.驚喜【最強(qiáng)考研】考研人的精神家園！McGee

says

leaving

without

a

position

lined

up

gavehim

time

to

reflect

on

what

kind

of

company

he

wantedto

run.

It

also

sent

a

clear

message

to

the

outside

worldabout

his

aspirations.

And

McGee

isn’t

alone.

In

recentweeks

the

No.

2

executives

at

Avon

and

AmericanExpress

quit

with

the

explanation

that

they

were

lookingfor

a

CEO

post.

As

boards

scrutinize

succession

plansin

response

to

shareholder

pressure,

executives

whodon’t

get

the

nod

also

may

wish

to

move

on.

A

turbulentbusiness

environment

also

has

senior

managerscautious

of

letting

vague

pronouncements

cloudtheirreputations.驚喜【最強(qiáng)考研】考研人的精神家園！As

the

signs

of

recovery

begin

to

take

hold,deputy

chiefs

may

be

more

willing

to

make

the

jumpwithout

a

net.

In

the

third

quarter,

CEO

turnover

wasdown

23%

from

a

year

ago

as

nervous

boards

stuckwith

the

leaders

they

had,

according

to

LiberumResearch.

As

the

economy

picks

up,

opportunitieswill

abound

for

aspiring

leaders.驚喜【最強(qiáng)考研】考研人的精神家園！The

decision

to

quit

a

senior

position

to

look

for

abetter

one

is

unconventional.

For

years

executivesand

headhunters

have

adhered

to

the

rule

that

themost

attractive

CEO

candidates

are

the

ones

whomust

be

poached.

Says

Korn/Ferry

senior

partnerDennis

Carey:

“I

can’t

think

of

a

single

search

I’vedone

where

a

board

has

not

instructed

me

to

look

atsitting

CEOs

.”驚喜【最強(qiáng)考研】考研人的精神家園！Those

who

jumped

without

a

job

haven’t

alwayslanded

in

top

positions

quickly.

Ellen

Marram

quit

aschief

of

Tropicana

a

decade

ago,

saying

she

wanted

tobe

a

CEO.

It

was

a

year

before

she

became

head

of

atiny

Internet-based

commodities

exchange.

RobertWillumstad

left

Citigroup

in

2005

with

ambitions

to

be

aCEO.

He

finally

took

that

post

at

a

major

financialinstitution

three

years

later.驚喜【最強(qiáng)考研】考研人的精神家園！Many

recruiters

say

the

old

disgrace

is

fading

fortop

performers.

The

financial

crisis

has

made

it

moreacceptable

to

be

between

jobs

or

to

leave

a

badone.

“The

traditional

rule

was

it’s

safer

to

stay

whereyou

are,

but

that’s

been

fundamentally

inverted,”says

one

headhunter.

“The

people

who’ve

been

hurtthe

worst

are

those

who’ve

stayed

too

long.”驚喜【最強(qiáng)考研】考研人的精神家園！26.

When

McGee

announced

his

departure,

his

manner

can

bestbe

describedasbeing

.［A］arrogant［B］frank［C］self-centered［D］impulsive驚喜【最強(qiáng)考研】考研人的精神家園！27.

According

to

Paragraph

2,

senior

executives’

quitting

maybespurredby

.［A］their

expectation

of

better

financial

status［B］their

need

to

reflect

on

their

priva

ife［C］their

strained

relations

with

th

s［D］their

pursuit

of

new

career

goals驚喜【最強(qiáng)考研】考研人的精神家園！28.

The

word

“poached”

(Line

2,

Paragraph

4)

most

probablymeans

.［A］approved

of［B］attended

to［C］huntedfor［D］guarded

against驚喜【最強(qiáng)考研】考研人的精神家園！29.

It

can

be

inferred

from

the

last

paragraph

that

.［A］top

performers

used

tocling

to

their

posts［B］loyalty

of

top

performers

is

getting

out-dated［C］top

performers

care

more

about

reputations［D］it’s

safer

to

stick

to

thetraditional

rules驚喜【最強(qiáng)考研】考研人的精神家園！30.

Which

of

the

following

is

the

best

title

for

the

text?［A］CEOs:

Where

to

Go?［B］CEOs:

All

the

Way

Up?［C］Top

Managers

Jump

Without

a

Net［D］The

Only

Way

Out

for

Top

Performers驚喜【最強(qiáng)考研】考研人的精神家園！2011

Text

3The

rough

guide

to

marketing

success

used

to

bethat

you

got

what

you

paidfor.

No

longer.

Whiletraditional

“paid”

media—such

as

evisioncommercials

and

print

advertisements—still

play

amajor

role,

companies

today

can

exploit

manyalternative

forms

of

media.驚喜【最強(qiáng)考研】考研人的精神家園！Consumers

passionate

about

a

product

may

create“earned”

media

by

willingly

promoting

it

to

friends,and

a

company

may

leverage

“owned”

media

byalerts

about

products

and

sales

toregistered

with

its

Web

site.

The

waysendingcustomersconsumersnow

approach

the

process

ofpurchasedecisionsmeans

that

marketing’sstems

from

a

broadmakingimpactrange

of

factorsconventional

paid

media.驚喜【最強(qiáng)考研】考研人的精神家園！Paid

and

owned

media

are

controlled

by

marketerspromotingtheirown

products.

For

earned

media,

suchmarketers

a

the

initiator

for

users’

responses.

But

insome

cases,

one

marketer’s

owned

media

eanother

marketer’s

paid

media—for

instance,

when

an

e-commerce

retailer

sells

ad

spaceon

its

Web

site.

Wedefine

such

sold

med

owned

media

whose

traffic

isso

strong

that

other

organizations

place

their

content

or

e-commerce

engines

within

that

environment.

This

trend,which

we

believe

is

still

in

its

infancy,

effectively

beganwith

retailers

andtravel

providers

such

as

airlinesandho

s

and

will

no

doubt

go

further.驚喜【最強(qiáng)考研】考研人的精神家園！Johnson

&Johnson,for

example,has

createdBabyCenter,a stand-alonemediapropertythatpromotes

complementary

andeven

competitiveproducts.

Besides

generatinge,

the

presenceof

other

marketers

makes

the

site

seem

objective,gives

companies

opportunities

to

learn

valuableinformation

about

the

appeal

of

other

companies’marketing,

and

may

help

expand

user

traffic

for

allcompanies

concerned.驚喜【最強(qiáng)考研】考研人的精神家園！The

same

dramatic

technological

changes

that

haveprovided

marketers

with

more

(and

more

diverse)communications

choices

have

also

increased

the

riskthat

passionate

consumers

will

voice

their

opinions

inquicker,

more

visible,

and

mu

ore

damagingways.

Such

hijacked

media

are

the

opposite

of

earnedmedia:

an

asset

or

n es

hostage

toconsumers,

other

stakeholders,

or

activists

who

makenegative

allegations

about

a

brand

or

product.Members

of

social

networks,

for

instance,

are

learningthat

they

can

hijack

media

to

apply

pressure

on

thebusinesses

that

originally

created

them.驚喜【最強(qiáng)考研】考研人的精神家園！If

that

happens,

passionate

consumers

would

try

topersuade

others

to

boycott

products,

putting

thereputation

of

the company

at

risk.

In

such

acase,

the

company’s

response

may

not

be

sufficientlyquick

or

thoughtful,

and

the

learning

curve

has

beensteep.

Toyota

Motor,

for

example,

alleviated

some

ofthe

damage

from

its

recall

crisis

earlier

this

year

with

arelatively

quick

and

well-orchestrated

social-mediaresponsen,

which

included

efforts

to

engagewith

consumers

directly

on

sites

such

as

andthesocial-news

site

Digg.驚喜【最強(qiáng)考研】考研人的精神家園！31.Consumersmaycreate“earned”

mediawhentheyare

.［A］obsessed

with

online

shop at

certain

Web

sites［B］inspired

by

product-promoting s

sent

to

them［C］eager

to

help

their

friends

promote

quality

products［D］enthusiastic

about mending

their

favorite

products驚喜【最強(qiáng)考研】考研人的精神家園！32.According

to

Paragraph

2,

sold

media

feature

.［A］a

safebusiness

environment［B］random

competition［C］strong

user

traffic［D］flexibility

in

organization驚喜【最強(qiáng)考研】考研人的精神家園！33.Theauthorindicates

inParagraph

3thatearned

media

.［A］invite

constant s

with

passionate

consumers［B］can

be

used

to

produce

negative

effects

in

marketing［C］may

be

responsible

for

fiercer

competition［D］deserve

all

the

negative

comments

about

them驚喜【最強(qiáng)考研】考研人的精神家園！34.ToyotaMotor’s

experience

iscitedasanexampleof

.［A］responding

effectively

to

hijacked

media［B］persuading

customers

into

boycotting

product［C］cooperating

with

supportive

consumers［D］taking

advantage

of

hijacked

media驚喜【最強(qiáng)考研】考研人的精神家園！35.

Which

of

the

following

isthe

text

mainly

about?［A］Alternatives

to

conventional

paid

media.［B］between

hijacked

and

earned

media.［C］Dominance

of

hijacked

media.［D］Popularity

of

owned

media.驚喜【最強(qiáng)考研】考研人的精神家園！2011

Text

4It’s

no

surprise

that

Jennifer

Senior’s

insightful,provocative

magazine

cover

story,

“I

Love

MyChildren,

I

Hate

My

Life”,

is

arousing

much

chatter—nothing

gets

people

talking

like

the

suggestion

thatchild

rearing

is

anything

less

than

a

comple

yfulfilling,

life-enriching

experience.驚喜【最強(qiáng)考研】考研人的精神家園！Rather

thanconcluding

thatchildrenmake

parentseither

happy

or

miserable,

Senior

suggests

we

need

tohappiness:

insteadof

thinking

of

it

asredefinesomethingthat

can

be

measured

by

moment-to-moment

joy,

we

should

consider

being

happy

as

apast-tense

condition.

Even

though

the

day-to-dayexperience

of

raising

kids

can

be

soul-crushingly

hard,Senior

writes

that

“the

very

things

that

in

the

momentdampen

our

moods

can

later

be

sources

of

intensegratification

and

delight.”驚喜【最強(qiáng)考研】考研人的精神家園！The

magazine

cover

showing

an

attractive

motherholding

a

cute

baby

is

hardly

the

only

Madonna-and-child

image

on

newsstands

this

week.

There

are

alsostories

about

newly

adoptive—and

newly

single—momSandra

Bullock,

as

well

as

the

usual

“Jennifer

Aniston

ispregnant”

news.

Practically

every

week

features

at

leastone

celebrity

mom,

or

mom-to-be,

smiling

on

thenewsstands.驚喜【最強(qiáng)考研】考研人的精神家園！In

a

society

that

so

persistently

celebrates

procreation,is

it

any

wonder

that

admitting

you

regret

having

childrenis

equivalent

to

admitting

you

support

kitten-killing?

Itdoesn’t

seem

quite

fair,

then,

to

compare

the

regrets

ofparents

to

the

regrets

of

the

childless.

Unhappy

parentsrarely

are

provoked

to

wonder

if

they

shouldn’t

have

hadkids,

but

unhappy

childless

folks

are

bothered

with

themessage

that

children

are

the

single

most

importantthing

in

the

world:

obviously

their

misery

must

be

a

directresult

ofthe

ga

baby-size

holes

in

their

lives.驚喜【最強(qiáng)考研】考研人的精神家園！Of

course,

the

image

of

parenthood

that

celebritymagazines

like

Us

Weekly

and

People

present

ishugely

unrealistic,

especially

when

the

parents

aresingle

mothers

like

Bullock.

According

to

severalstudies

concluding

that

parents

are

less

happy

thanchildless

couples,

single

parents

are

the

least

happyof

all.

No

shock

there,

considering

how

much

work

it

isto

raise

a

kid

without

a

partner

to

lean

on;

yet

to

hearSandra

and

Britney

l

it,

raising

a

kid

on

their“own”

(read:

with

round-the-clock

help)

is

a

piece

ofcake.驚喜【最強(qiáng)考研】考研人的精神家園！It’s

hard

to

imagine

that

many

people

are

dumbenough

to

want

children

just

because

Reese

andAngelina

make

it

look

so

glamorous:

most

adultsunderstand

that

a

baby

is

not

a

haircut.

But

it’sinteresting

to

wonder

if

the

images

we

see

everyweek

of

stre