2020屆北京市朝陽區(qū)高三一模英語試題(解析版)

北京市朝區(qū)高三年級考練習(xí)一英語試題（考試間分鐘分120分本試卷頁?？忌鷦?wù)將答案答在題卡上在試卷上作無效。第一部：知識運用共兩節(jié)45分）第一節(jié)語法填（共10小題；每小1.5分,共分）A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫個當?shù)膯卧~，在給提詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Withourgraduationdayaroundthecorner,busypreparingpresentsforfriends.Asusual,Iwalkedintotheclassroom,only

___1___

(find)boxstandingthere.Approaching,Iname

___2___

(write)onit.wasquiteshockedwhen

___3___

(open)saw“myselfastatue,sittinginsidesmilingupatme.wasacompletelossforwords.Itwasunique,unconventionalpresentmylife.【答案】tofind

written/waswrittenwasopened/opened【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了即將畢業(yè)，“我”在給朋友們準備禮物，當“我”走進教室卻發(fā)現(xiàn)一個大箱子站在那里，里面是自己的雕像，這是對“我”來說最特別最珍貴的禮物了?！绢}解】考查動詞不定式。句意：像往常一樣，我走進教室，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)一個大箱子站在那里。分析句子可，此處應(yīng)用動詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語onlytosth.是個比較特殊的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，常用于表示一種意想不的結(jié)果。故填to?！绢}解】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)非謂語動詞。此動詞與其邏輯主語name”間是被動關(guān)系，所以可以用過去分詞作后置定語；動詞saw后以加句子，根據(jù)文的時態(tài)用一般過去時可知，此處也用一般過去時，所以此處也可以用was。填written/was?！绢}解】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。此處動詞open與邏輯主thebox”間是被動關(guān)系，根據(jù)全文時態(tài)用一般過去時可知，此處也用一般過去時，所以此處可以用，表示箱子被打開了；也以理解為箱子主動開了，用主動形式，時態(tài)用一般過去時，即opened。填opened/opened。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫個當?shù)膯卧~，在給提詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。AnalysisfindsEarth’s有性的)fieldwasinplaceatleast3.7billionyearsasearlyarose.Scientiststhinkhavingamagneticfield___4___(make)Earthmorefriendlylife.Thefield,___5___isgeneratedbyliquidmovingaboutintheplanetcore,protects___6___energetic粒)flowingfromtheSun.helpstheplanetholdontoitsatmosphereandmaintainliquidwateronsurface.【答案】

makes5.

which

6.

from【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了磁場對地球的好處?！绢}解】考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：科學(xué)家認為有磁場使地球?qū)ι佑押?。根?jù)前面的“”知，時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時從句的主語“havingamagnetic”單數(shù)所以動詞用第三人單數(shù)形式填makes?！绢}解】考查非限制性定語從句。分析句子可知，這是一個非限制性定語從句，且空格處在從句中作主，所以用which引該從句。故填。【題解】考查介詞。protect是定短語，意為“保護……不受……”。故填from。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫個當?shù)膯卧~，在給提詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Doyouhaveamentor(導(dǎo))helpingdecisionsyourlife?Ifyoudo,thenyouareaveryluckyperson.___7___ifnot,thenreadthebookTuesdayswithMorrie.Ittellsthestoryoftheauthor,Albom,andhisdyingformerprofessor,Morrie___8___youreadthisbook,youwilllearnsomeverymeaningfullessonsfromaprofessorLouGehrig’sdisease.WhenMitchvisitsMorrieeveryTuesday,the-year-professorshareswordsof___9___(wise)aboutlove,communication,values,opennesshisformerstudent.Asabeautiful___10___manypowerfullessonsaboutlife,bookshouldbehighoneveryone’sreading【答案】But

8.

As/When/Once/If/After9.

wisdom

10.

delivering【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了《相約星期二》這本書的主要內(nèi)容?！绢}解】考查連詞。根據(jù)空格前的you”和空格后的not”可知，空格前后之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but故填But?！绢}解】考查連詞介詞意讀這書將從一位死于盧格里格病的教授身上學(xué)到一些非常有意義教訓(xùn)。根據(jù)空格后的句意和語境可知，此處可以用as“……時”或when當……時”或once“旦”或“果”或after“…之后”。填A(yù)s/When/Once/If/After【題解】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。介詞of后名詞，所以此處用名詞形式。故填wisdom?！绢}解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：由于一個美麗的故事傳遞許多關(guān)于生活的強有力的教訓(xùn)，這本書應(yīng)該每個人的閱讀清單上的頂端。分析句子可知，該句的謂語動詞是be，所以此處應(yīng)用非謂語動詞；詞deliver與tale之間是主動關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填delivering。第二節(jié)完形填（共20小題；每小1.5分，共30分）閱讀下短文，掌握大意，每題所給的BC、四個項中，選出佳選項并在答題卡將該項涂黑Gidda’sTeamThedoorclosedbehindMalik,makingMimefordinner.WillyouGidda,please?”GiddawasstayinginMalik’sbedroom.Hedidn___12___givinguphisroomforhis--oldgrandmotheratfirst.Butthenshedidnleave.Malikoverhersuitcaseonthe“Sorry,”Giddasaid.’mjustanuisance(討的)here.I’m___14___didnashehelpedherfromherchair.Atdinner,MamaaskedMalik,’s___15___withthecoach?Malikwascaptainofschoolsoccerteam,hehadtodiscussfundraiserwiththecoach.’dtoraisehundredsofdollarsto___16___theiroldshirts,andthatseemedunlikelyunlessMalikwith___17___plan.Unwillingly,said,justteamChanging___18___MalikturnedtoGidda.“Doyouwanttogositoutsideafterdinner?Giddaagreed.Inthesoftwarmthoftheevening,Giddasettledherselfbeneaththe無果tree.“Feelslikehome,sheBut___19___“Itdropsfigseverywhere.”Rightthen,figlandedhishead.Giddalaughed,pickeditup,andtooka___20___“Perfect.mebunch.Imakefigcakes.Thenextmorning,MalikfoundGiddafigcakesinthekitchen.SheofferedhimMalik,hopingwasnawful,puthismouth.Hiseyes___21___aswasdelicious.theinbackyard.Howmanycakescouldit

___22___Malikgrabbedhisphonestartedinarushexcitement.Anhourlater,mostofthesoccergatheredinthekitchen,andateupcakes.“Gidda極的FigCakes!”Malik“We__24___them!Giddasaidtheyweretomake;she

___25___us”Atdinnerthatnight,GiddasharedtheirplanwithMama,asrepeatedtheonher,“TeamGrandmother.”Thenextthekitchenwasfullof___27___Walkingslowlyamongtheexcitedboys,taughtmakecakes.thefigcakespiledup.As___28___FabulousFigCakeswerehitandtheyquicklysoldout.thenew___29___arrivedjustintimefortheopeningCoachGarciainvitedtowatch.Shearrivedearly,andwavedMalik.Thenshe___30___offshirt.OnweretheTeamGrandmother.A.A.allowA.A.uselessA.training

B.fetchB.enjoyB.handedB.unluckyB.appointment

C.visitC.considerC.trippedC.scaredC.negotiation

D.serveD.mindD.turnedD.nervousD.meetingA.buyA.A.planA.repeatedA.pictureA.widenedA.A.A.presentA.A.A.tensionA.A.socksA.back

B.replaceB.randomB.attitudeB.reportedB.testB.B.donateB.textingB.sendB.B.politelyB.hopeB.predictedB.bootsB.away

C.ironC.originalC.subjectC.explainedC.biteC.focusedC.deliverC.shoutingC.sellC.chooseC.shylyC.praiseC.C.uniformsC.down

D.D.personalD.wayD.complainedD.breakD.D.D.thinkingD.reserveD.writeD.bitterlyD.energyD.identifiedD.glovesD.around【答案】11.B12.D13.C14.A15.D16.B17.A18.C19.D20.C21.A22.A23.B24.25.B26.A27.D28.B29.C30.D【解析】本文是一篇記述文。文章主要講述了吉達和馬利克的團隊通過制作無花果蛋糕捐錢更換他們的制服參加比賽的故事?！绢}解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：請你去接吉達好嗎A.watch觀，看守B.fetch請，吸引；visit拜；D.serve招，務(wù)于。由上一句timefor”可知，此處表示請吉達吃飯。故選。【題解】考查動詞詞義辨析意一始不介意把房間讓給82的祖母allow允許enjoy享consider考慮；mind介。由下文Butthenshe’tleave.”結(jié)合語境可知，開始他不介意把房間讓給82歲的祖母。故選D項【題解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：馬利克在地板上被手提箱絆倒了A.looked看，注意；遞，交給；C.tripped倒，跌倒D.turned轉(zhuǎn)動。由下文Sorry,”said可，此處指馬利克在地板上被手提箱絆倒了。故選項?！绢}解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我無用useless無的B.unlucky不運C.scared害的D.nervous緊張的。由上一句“’ma討的人here.”知，吉達認為自己無。故選項【題解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：你和教練的會面怎么樣了A.training訓(xùn)；約；negotiation談判；meeting會。由下文中的hehadtodiscussafundraiserwiththe”知，馬利克跟教練見面商量籌款人的事情。故選D項16題解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他們不得不籌集數(shù)百美元來更換舊襯衫，除非馬利克想出一個絕妙計劃，否則這似乎不太可能A.購買B.replace更換替換C.iron熨D.abandon拋由格后的“theirold”下文thenew______arrivedjusttimefortheopening”可知，此處指他們不得不籌集數(shù)百美元來更換舊襯衫。故選?！绢}解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他們不得不籌集數(shù)百美元來更換舊襯衫，除非馬利克想出一個絕的計劃，否則這似乎不太可能A.brilliant絕的；random機的，任意的；original原的；D.personal個人的。由上文“unlikelyunlesscameupwitha(n)并結(jié)合語境可知，此處表示除非馬利克想出一個絕妙的計劃，否則這似乎不太可能。故選A項【題解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：轉(zhuǎn)移話題，馬利克轉(zhuǎn)向吉達A.plan計；attitude態(tài)度C.subject話；D.way方。由上文Unwillingly,Maliksaid,“It’sjustteam合文容可知，此處指馬利克轉(zhuǎn)移話題。故選C項?！绢}解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但馬利克抱怨說：“它到處都是無花果。A.repeated重；reported報告；C.explained解D.complained抱怨。由空格前的”空格后的dropsfigs”知，此處指馬利克抱怨說道。故選D項【題解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：吉達笑了，拿起它，咬了一口A.picture照，圖畫B.test測；bite咬D.break休。由下文“Perfect.Pickmeabunch.’llmakefigcakes.”并結(jié)合語境可知，吉達笑了，拿它，咬了一口。abite意“吃一口”。故選C項【題解】考查動詞詞義辨析句他嚼邊睜大眼睛A.widened放寬睜B.移C.focused使焦；D.opened開由下文Itwasdelicious.thetreethebackyard.”知此處表示因為好吃所以他邊嚼邊睜大眼睛。故選項?！绢}解】考查動詞詞義辨析。它制作多少無花果蛋糕A.produce生；donate捐贈；deliver遞，交付；exchange交換。由上文的“’llmakefigcakes.”結(jié)合語可知，馬利克問用它能制作多少無花果蛋糕。故選A項【題解】考查動詞詞義辨析句意馬克拿起手機興奮地發(fā)短信running跑B.texting發(fā)信C.shouting吼叫；thinking想考。由上文Malikgrabbedhis”下“hourlater,mostofthesoccergatheredinthekitchen,andateup”結(jié)合語境可知，興奮地發(fā)短信。故選項?！绢}解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我們會賣掉它們A.present贈，頒發(fā)B.send寄派遣；sell賣銷售；D.reserve預(yù)。由下文theyquicklysold”結(jié)合語境可知，此處指賣掉它們。故選C項【題解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：吉達說它們很容易做，她會教我們怎么做的A.prepare準備；show展示；C.choose選；write寫。由下文Giddataughtthemmakefig”結(jié)合語境可知，此處指她會教“我們”怎么做無花果蛋糕。故選B項【題解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：那天晚上的晚餐上，吉達和媽媽分享了他們的計劃，她驕傲地微笑，重復(fù)著馬利克給她的頭銜：“團隊祖母”proudly驕傲地B.politely禮地C.shyly害地D.bitterly悲地。由下文theMalikgaveonher,‘TeamGrandmother結(jié)合語境可知，此處指她驕傲地微笑著。故選A項?！绢}解】考查名詞詞義辨析意二里充滿了活力tension緊希praise贊energy活力。由下文Walkingslowlytheexcited”結(jié)合語境可知，此處指廚房里充滿了活力。故D項?！绢}解】考查動詞詞義辨析意如利克預(yù)測的那樣達無花果蛋糕非常暢銷快賣完了promised承諾；predicted預(yù)；announced通告D.identified識。由上文Maliksaid.‘We______them!并結(jié)合可知，正如馬利克預(yù)測的那樣，吉達的無花果蛋糕很快就賣完了。故選B。【題解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當新制服剛好趕上首場比賽時，加西亞教練邀請吉達觀看比賽socks襪子；B.boots靴uniforms制gloves套上文They’dhavetoraisehundredsofdollars______theiroldshirts”可知，新制服剛好趕上首場比賽故選項【題解】考查動詞短語辨析句意后轉(zhuǎn)過身來炫耀她的襯衫“回走擋”“避開”；turn“絕，關(guān)小”turnaround“身”。由下文“thebackwerethewordsGrandmother.”可知，此處指她轉(zhuǎn)過身。故選D項第二部：閱讀理解共兩節(jié)40分）第一節(jié)共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）閱讀下短文，從每所給的、B、C、四個項中，選出佳選項并在答題卡上該項涂。AMusicforLifeLearningmusicisimportantfortheeducationalandpersonalofyoungpeople!Learninganinstrument:howdopupilschoose?Allourteachersarehighlyqualifiedexperiencedmusicians,pupilslearntoplayarangeofinstruments,fromthekeyboardtodrums(鼓.opendayswhennewpupilswhoareunsurewhichinstrumentchoosecometocentre.Theyareabletospeaktoteachersaboutwhichinstrumentmightbebestforthem,theyalsohearclassesinaction.Whoresponsibleforbuyingtheinstruments?Parentsusuallyhaveprovideinstruments.parentsofbeginnersareadvisedtobuyaninstrumentuntiltheyarethataplaceisavailable.Theyshouldalsoouttheteacherthemostsuitableofinstrumenttoget.wheredolessonstakeplace?Lessonsareavailableinmanyschools,usuallyduringtheday.Iftherenolessonavailableforaparticularinstrumentaparticularschool,arrangementscanbemadeatoneofmusiccentresforlessonsSaturdayafternoonsorweekdayevenings.Howarepupilstaught?Pupilslearninsmallgroups,inclassesorindividually,dependingontheirneeds.Smallofthreepupilslessonsthatlastthirtyminutes.Classlessonslast-fiveminuteshaveatleasttenpupils.Individualofferedonlypupilswhoexperience.Startingyoung:whenpupilsbegin?Childrenaretooyoungtointerestedmusic.special“MusicalYouthclassesforchildrenfromtheto8.Thesearedesignedencourageyoungchildrentoenjoymusicthroughvarietyofactivitiesincludingsinging,musicalgames,listeningmovement.“MusicalYouth”classesplaceSaturdaymorningswithgroupsaboutchildren.Aparentotheradultmustattendeachsession,theyencouragedtowiththeirchildrenhelpthemtheactivities.31.welearnfromthepassage?Newpupilsseeclassesonanday.PupilslearnspecialinstrumentsonSundays.Parentsaccompanypupilsduringthelearningprocess.Teachersatthecentreprovidetheinstrumentsforpupils.32.thebestchoiceforchildrenwithexperience?A.Lessonsforgroupsoften.C.Lessonsforsmallgroupsthree.33.Thepassageisintendedfor_____.A.teachersC.musicians【答案】31.A32.33.B

B.Individuallessons.D.Special“MusicalYouthclasses.B.parentsD.pupils【解析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了父母應(yīng)該如何給自己的孩子選擇學(xué)習(xí)樂器以及課程的詳細容?！绢}解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的Wehaveopendayswhennewpupilswhoareunsurewhichinstrumenttochoosecancometocentre.Theyabletospeakteachersaboutwhichinstrumentmightbestforthem,andcanalsohearclassesin”知，新來的學(xué)生可以在開放日聽課。故選。【題解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段最后一句Individualofferedonlypupilswhosome”可知，對有經(jīng)驗孩來說，單班課是最好的選擇。故選項【題解】的推理判斷題觀文其最后一句parentotheradultmustattendeachsession,theyencouragedtowiththeirchildrenhelpthemtheactivities.”知，這篇文章的目的是給父母介紹如何給自己的孩子選擇學(xué)習(xí)樂器。故選B項BNenadSestanwasworkinginhisofficeoneafternoonin2016,whenheheardhislabmemberswhisperingexcitementovermicroscope.Herealizedsomethingbeyondtheirexpectationswashappening.Theresearchers,SchoolofinHaven,Connecticut,foundelectricalactivitybrainstakenfrompigs.Withthatshockingresult,Sestanrealizedwhatstartedasasideprojecttotobetterpreservebrainforresearchchangedintoadiscoverythatcouldredefineunderstandingoflifeanddeath.Theexcitementturnedconcern,theresearchersthoughttheysawwidespread,consistentelectricalactivitywhichindicateconsciousness(意).Sestanbroughtinneurologist,determinedthereadoutactuallyerror,thepossibilityfrightenedthem.Sestankepthiscoolimmediatelydidthings:shutdowntheexperimentcontactedtheUSNationalInstitutesofHealthaswellasa生倫理學(xué))Overthenextfewmonths,expertsdiscussedthepotentialethicalimplications,aswhetherthebrainsbecomeconsciousandwhetherphysicianstoreconsiderthedefinitionbraindeath.TheysubmittedtheworkNature.beforethefinalpaperpublished,Sestanmetsharpcriticismthepress.Somesuggestedthattheresearcherswereengineering永)ormaintainingfulloflivingjars.Neitherhenorhisteamwantedtodiscusstheresultsuntilthepaperwasout,theirinboxesfilledwithconcernsandangeranimalrightsactivistsfuturists,Sestanbecamedepressed.Hefelttheycoulddo,however,wastoholdoffoncorrectingmisunderstandingsuntiltheexpertreviewprocesshadrunitscourse.SincepaperpublishedApril,2019,theteamsobusyfieldingquestionsthemediaandscientiststhathasnperformedanyfurtherexperiments.Sestanwantstofocusonoriginalquestionsandexplorehowlongthebrainscanbemaintainedwhetherthetechnologycanpreserveotherorgans.getoutsideopinionbeforewedoanything,”Sestansays.“Whenyouexploreunchartedterritory,youtoextremelythoughtful.”34.inthelabSchoolofinAbettermethodwasmaintainbraintissue.Researchersdiscoveredtoredefinebraindeath.Brainsfromdeadpigsaccidentallydiscoveredalive.Researchersarrivedattheexpectedresultsofexperiment.35.WhydidNenadSestanstoptheexperiment?Heassistancewiththefinalpaper.Hespottedmajormistakeinthefinalresult.Hefrightenedbypossibilityoffailure.Heconcernedabouttherelatedmoralissues.36.waspeople’sreactiontowardsNenadSestanexperiment?Thepresswerestronglyopposedtotheexperiment.Somepeoplesupportedtheresearchimmortality.Nobodytodiscusstheresultinadvance.Thepublicpositiveattitudetowardstheexperiment.37.couldbestdescribeSestan?A.Responsibleandreliable.C.Determinedandinspiring.

B.Cooperativeandcreative.D.Professionalandcautious.【答案】34.C35.D36.37.D【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了研究員尼納德塞斯坦在做實驗時意外發(fā)現(xiàn)死豬的大腦還活，專業(yè)并謹慎地研究最后獲得成功的事情?！绢}解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句Theresearchers,SchoolofinHaven,Connecticut,hadfoundelectricalactivityinbrainstaken”知，2016年耶魯大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院的實驗室里，研究員意外發(fā)現(xiàn)死豬的大腦還活著。故選C項【題解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二、三段內(nèi)容和第四段中的Overthenextfewmonths,expertsdiscussedthepotentialethical”知塞斯坦識到初作為一個旨在尋找更好地保存腦組織以供研究的方法的附帶項目，已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐粋€可以重新定義我們對生與死的理解的發(fā)現(xiàn)；當研究人員認為他們看到了泛而一致的電活動，這些活動可以顯示意識時，興奮很快就變成了擔憂，在接下來的幾個月里，專家們論了潛在的道德影響。由此可推知，塞斯坦停止實驗是因為他擔心相關(guān)的道德問題。故選D項【題解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第二句Butbeforethepaperwaspublished,Sestanmetsharpcriticismfromthepress.”知，在最后一篇論文發(fā)表之前，塞斯坦遭到了體的尖銳批評。故選A項?！绢}解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中的Sestanbroughtinaneurologist,determinedthereadoutactuallyerror,thepossibilityhadfrightened”“kepthiscoolandimmediatelydidtwothings:heshutdowntheexperimentandcontactedtheNationalInstitutesofHealth(NIH),aswellasaYale生物倫理學(xué)家”以及最后一段中的“youexploreunchartedterritory,toextremely可知，塞斯坦是一個專業(yè)和謹慎的人。故選D項CAbutterfly’swingscanmanyjobsbesideskeepinginsecthighuptheTheymaybeusedtoattractmates,ortowarnpotentialattackerstostayAlloftheseroles,though,dependontheirunchangingcolouration.Thisplaysintoideabutterflywingsaredeadtissue,likeabird’sfeathers.Inthat’snottrue.Forexample,insomespecies’havespecialcellsreleasingsomechemicalswhichattractfemales.NanfangYu,aphysicistColumbiaUniversity,inYork,haslookingintomatter.TogetherwithNaomiPierce,abutterflyspecialistatHarvardUniversity,heshown,inapaperpublishedNatureCommunicationsinFebruary,2020,thatbutterflyare,indeed,muchalive.Intheirexperiments,thetworesearchersa激)toheatupspotsonofdozensbutterflyspecies.thetemperatureofareaunderthelaserreached40°Corso,insectsrespondedwithinsecondsbydoingthingsthatstoppedtheirwingsheatingupfurther.Theseactionsincludedabutterflyturningaroundtominimizeprofilethemovingitswingsorsimplywalkingaway.Butterfliesinalloftheseminimisingactivitiesevenwhentheresearchersblindfoldedthem.Thatsuggestedrelevantsensorswereonthethemselves.DrYuandDrPiercethereforesearchedthosewingsforlikelylookingsensorycells.Theyfoundsome,inof神元thatweresimilartoheatdetectorsknownfromotherinsects.Theyalsouncovered-shapedcellsappearedtosimilartopressure-sensitiveneurons.guessthatthesearetheretodetectdeformationofwing—informationinsectcouldusetocontrolitsflightpattern.Thethirddiscoverytheymadetocontradict“deadwingideawassomebutterflyhaveaheartbeat.Abutterfly’swingshave靜脈)carryabloodlikeliquidwhich,researchershavenowinmales,showsa脈)ofseveraldozenbeatsminute.sourcethispulseappearsthe氣味pad,adarkspotthewingsproducesthe-attractingchemicals.Apparently,this“wingheart”actsasapumpthatbloodlikeliquidthroughthescentpad.Inalltheirexperimentssimulatingdifferentenvironmentalconditions,DrPierceconsistentlythat,differentpartsofthearecoveredbydifferentof鱗)Inparticular,tubespassthroughscalesoverthescentpads.Thisimprovestheirabilitytospreadheatawayandhelpskeepthepartsofabutterfly’swingsalive.38.bird’sfeathersinParagraphto_____.introducelatestresearchfindingsonabirdhighlightthespecialfeatureofbirdfeathersshowknowledgeaboutbutterflywingsstressthedifferenceabutterflyabird39.welearnfromandPierce’sexperiments?ButterflywingsarecomplicatedlivingButterflywingshavereactionexternalThescentonbutterflywingsaretheirhearts.Heat-activitieshelpdetectdeformationofthewings.40.thefunctionofscalesthepads?A.Attractingmates.C.Coveringpowerfultubes.

B.Increasingbloodflow.D.Producingthecoolingeffect.41.ofthefollowingwouldbethebestforthepassage?A.SeeingIsBelievingC.Seek,NothingFind

B.MoreThanMeetsEyeD.FeathersMakeFineBirds【答案】38.C39.A40.D41.B【解析】本文是一篇說明文。本文主要介紹了蝴蝶的翅膀除了能讓其在空中飛得很高外，還有許多功能并文中詳細介紹了這些功能，旨在告訴我們有些事情并不像看到的那樣簡單?！绢}解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的Thisplaysintotheideathatbutterflywingsaredeadtissue,likeabird’sfeathers.Infact,that’snottrue.example,insomespeciesmales’havespecialcellsreleasingchemicalsattractfemales.可知，第一段提到鳥的羽毛是為了說明蝴蝶翅膀的常識。故選C項【題解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的Inalltheirexperimentssimulatingdifferentenvironmentalconditions,DrandDrPierceconsistentlythat,differentpartsofarecoveredbydifferentof鱗屑”可知，從DrYu和Pierce的驗中我們可以知道蝴蝶翅膀是復(fù)雜的活器官。故選項。【題解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的Inparticular,tubespassthroughscalesoverscentThisimprovestheirabilitytospreadheataway”可知，氣味墊上的鱗片的作用是生冷卻效果。故選D項【題解】主旨大意題?？v觀全文可知，本文主要介紹了蝴蝶的翅膀除了能讓其在空中飛得很高外，還有多功能，并文中詳細介紹了這些功能。由此可推知，本文主要的目的是告訴我們有些事情并不像看到的樣簡單項意為“眼見為實”意為“超出所見并不像看到的那簡單”項意為“無所求所獲”；D項為人要衣佛要金裝”。故選B項DFactorFiction?Non-fictioncanbebrokendownintomanycategories.Onecategoryisliteraryfiction,infactbutsomeofthestorytellingelementsthatfictionuses.Literary-includesatypeof自)calledmemoir.mostoftenfocusesonacertainperiodofauthor’sis,definition,rootedtruth.peoplequestionwhethermemoirshouldcategorizedasfictionAsnon-intendedtobefactual.Isthisreallythecase,though,consideringmemoirreliesonhumanOneclassicstudy,ledbypsychologistElizabethLoftus,showedhoweasilyaninterviewer’schoiceofwordingcaninfluenceaneyewitness’saccountofatrafficaccident.Itthereforereasonabletowonderwhethershouldcontinuebrandedasfiction.Certainly,humancanbeunreliable.However,amemoirauthorundoubtedlywritingaboutsignificantandimpactfulevents.Memoriesofsucheventsareactuallymorereliablethanothers.Studiesshowthatinfluentialaneventthemoreaccuratelypeoplerecallthedetails.emotionallychargedeventunfolds,theactivitychangesinawayamplifiessmalldetails.Thisactivityhelpsamorepreciseandaccuratememory.Ofcoursethebrainisnotthatcan“save”memoryperfectaccuracy.ifmemoirquestionabletoimperfectionsofmind,thencriticswillhavetotackle-morebroadly.Allwritersusingtheirmemorieswhentheycreate,andmoreover,arerelyingonthememoriesothers.Journalistsconductinterviewstellanewshistorywritersdependtheaccuracyofaccountslongago.theyrightfullyfallundertheumbrellaoffiction.Somepeoplemaydoubtnotbecausetheymistrusthumanmemory,butbecausetheymistrusttheauthormorality.Criticsmaysuspectauthorofmakingupevents.However,thereisnoreasontobesuspiciousofmemoirauthorintentions.Writingafactualmemoirthatappealsreadersthepotentialtobeprofitableforauthor,andtherenomotivationforamemoirwritertoknowinglychangeorbeautifytheLookingbeyondtheauthorlifeevents,informreadersabouttheworldinthesamewaythatothernon-can.Memoirhasawayofrelayingfactsaboutanythinganoccupationtobrieffashiontrends,allofitmeaningfultheauthor.42.TheauthorintroducesthetopicParagraph1_____.illustratingwhyitimportanttalkaboutmemoirlistingsomeinterestingfactsandfeaturesofdefiningkeytermsthatarediscussedlaterinthepassagemakingacomparisonbetweenautobiographyand43.doesunderlined“amplifies”inParagraphprobablyA.Collects.

B.Ignores.C.Enlarges.

D.44.Welearnfrompassagethat_____.criticsarguethatanewsstorybyajournalistisfictionaauthor’smemorycaninfluencedbytheintervieweesmemoircanshowreadersfactsaboutwhatanauthorexperiencedemotionalcancausethecreationofdetailed45.Accordingtothepassage,theauthorbelieves_____.theprofitablearethoseshowntobethemostfactualauthorsuntrustworthy,althoughmemoirsare-basedmemoirrightfullycategorizedundertheumbrellaofliterary-fictionistoounreliableformemoirconsideredatypeof-fiction【答案】42.C43.C44.45.【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了非小說的分類，并且作者認為回憶錄在文學(xué)非小說的保護下被合理地分類?！绢}解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的Onecategoryliteraryfiction,basedinfactsomeofthestorytellingelementsthatfictionuses…Itis,bydefinition,rootedin”知，作者通過定義本文后面討論的關(guān)鍵術(shù)語來介紹第1段中的主題。故選C項【題解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句Thisactivityhelpsbuildpreciseaccurate”知，這項活動有助于建立更精確和準確的記憶；再根據(jù)劃線詞所在句中的“

amplifiessmall”知，此處amplifies應(yīng)為“放大”，與意思相近。故選C項【題解】細節(jié)理解題第段中的Studiesthatinfluentialaneventthemoreaccuratelypeoplerecallthedetails.Asanemotionallychargedeventunfolds,theactivitychangesinawayamplifiessmall”研究表明，一個事件的影響力越大，人們對細節(jié)的回憶就越準確。當一個充滿感情的事件展開，大腦活動的變化會放大一些小細節(jié)。由此可知，情緒化的瞬間可以創(chuàng)造出更詳細的記憶。故選D項【題解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句Yetallrightfullyundertheumbrellaof”知，然而，它們（回憶錄）都理所當然地落入非小說的保護傘之下。由此可知，作者認為回憶錄在文學(xué)非說的保護傘下被合理地分類。故選C項第二節(jié)共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短內(nèi)容，從短后的七選項中選出填入空處的最佳選。選項有兩項為多選項。WhatYourNoseKnowsYoursensesmellenrichesexperienceoftheworldaroundyou.Differentscentscanchangeyourortransportyoubacktodistantmemory.Yourabilitytosmellalsoplaysarolein___46___Thethingswesmellareactuallythetiny分)releasedbysubstancesaroundus.Whenwebreathethesemolecules,theystimulatespecializedsensorycellsinsidenose.___47___Butagivenmoleculecanstimulateacombinationthesereceptors,creatinguniquerepresentationinbrain.Weperceivethatrepresentationasmell.___48___不氣的noseharmlessgrowthinthenosecanblockairandthusscentsfromreachingthesensorycells.Certainmedications,likesomebloodpressurecanchangesmell,buttheseeffectsareusuallytemporary.Yoursmellshouldcomeonceyourecoveredorstoppedthemedication.Butsomethingscancausealong-lastinglossofsmell.Ainjuryvirus,forexample,cansometimesdamagenervesrelatedtosmell.___49___toDavangereDevanand,experton經(jīng)變性的diseasessmellloss,mainreasonappearsthatfunctioningofthebrainregionsinvolvedinsmellbecomesdamagedaswegrowolder.Butproblemsyourabilitytosmellmaythanaging.beearlyofserioushealthconditions,suchasParkinsondiseaseorAlzheimerdisease.Devanandgroupstudyingtherelationshipsbetweensmelldysfunctionandcertaindisease.Researchersarealsolookingfortoavoidsmellloss.SomestudiessuggestthatsmelltrainingmayyouimproveyourabilitydistinguishidentifyButthequestionremainstowhetherandhowthismightwork.thingscausesmellPeoplemaylosttheirabilitytosmellbeforenoticeit.Eachofthesesensorycellshasonlyonetypescentreceptor.Itmayyourbrain’sabilitytointerpretlowlevelsofscents.Aspeoplegetmanycouldn’tidentifycertainkindsmell.Ifyourabilitysmelldeclines,itaffectphysical-beingandeverydaysafety.Andwithage,thereadeclineinabilitysmelltosomeextentthebutmuchmoretheitself.【答案】46.F47.C48.A49.50.D【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了嗅覺能力對健康起著關(guān)鍵作用，很多東西會導(dǎo)致嗅覺喪失，著年齡的增長，與嗅覺和記憶有關(guān)的大腦區(qū)域功能受損?！绢}解】根據(jù)前一句Yourabilitytosmellalsoplaysarolein可知，你的嗅覺能力對你的健康也起著關(guān)鍵作用項如果你的嗅覺能下降會影響你的身體健康和日常安全”承接上文項的“Ifyourabilityto”與前面的Yourabilitytosmellalsoplaysakey相應(yīng)，符合語境。故選?！绢}解】根據(jù)前一句“Whenwebreatheinthesemolecules,theystimulatespecializedsensorycellshighinsidethe可知當們吸入這些分子時它們會刺激鼻子里的特殊感覺細胞根后一句Butagivenmoleculestimulateacombinationofthesereceptors,creatingauniquerepresentationinbrain.”知，但是一個特定的分子可以刺激這些受體的結(jié)合大腦中形成一種獨特的表現(xiàn)項每個感覺細胞只有一種氣味受體”與上下文緊密銜接C項中的thesesensory”“receptor”分別與前的“sensory”“”相呼應(yīng)，符合語境。故選C項【題解】根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容，尤其該段中的Butsomethingscancausealastinglossof”知，空格后講述導(dǎo)致嗅覺喪失的一些事情。A項很多東西會導(dǎo)致嗅覺喪失”引起下文，符合語境。故選A項?！绢}解】根據(jù)后一句AccordingtoDavangereDevanand,anexpertneurodegenerative(神經(jīng)變性)diseasesandsmellloss,mainreasonappearsthatfunctioningofthebrainregionsinvolvedinsmellbecomesdamagedaswegrow”知，根據(jù)神經(jīng)退行性病和嗅覺喪失專家達文格雷德瓦南德博士的說法，主要原因似乎是隨著年齡的增長，與嗅覺和記憶有關(guān)的大腦區(qū)域功能受損。G項而且隨著年齡的增長，鼻子的嗅覺能力在一定程度上有所下降，但大腦本身的嗅覺能力下降得更多”與上下文緊銜接，G項中的“age”后面的“grow”呼應(yīng)，符合語境。故選項【題解】根據(jù)前一句“Somestudiessuggestthatsmelltrainingmayhelpyouyourabilitytodistinguishidentifyscents.”知，一些研究表明，嗅覺訓(xùn)練可以幫助你提高辨別和辨別氣味的能力；再根據(jù)后一句“thequestionremainsastowhetherandthismight”知，但問題是，這是否可行，以及如何可行項“它可以提高你的大腦解釋低