心理學(xué)英文術(shù)語題庫

感覺記憶（SM）—sensorymemory短期記憶（STM）—short-termM.長期記憶（LTM）—long-termmemory復(fù)誦rehearsal預(yù)示（激發(fā)）priming童年失憶癥childhoodamnesia視覺編碼（表征）visualcode（representation）聽覺編碼一acousticcode運作記憶workingmemory語意性知識一semanticknowledge記憶掃瞄程序一memoryscanningprocedure竭盡式掃瞄程序-exhaustiveS.P.自我終止式掃瞄一self-terminatedS.程序性知識一proceduralknowledge命題（陳述）性知識propositional（declarative）knowledge情節(jié)（軼事）性知識一episodicK.訊息處理深度一depthofprocessing精致化處理一elaboration登錄特殊性一codingspecificity記憶術(shù)一mnemonic位置記憶法一methodofloci字鉤法一pegword

（線）探索（測）（激發(fā)）字一prime關(guān)鍵詞keyword命題思考propositionalthought心像思考imaginalthought彳亍動思考motoricthought概念concept原型prototype屬性property特征feature范例策略exemplarstrategy語言相對性（假說）一linguisticrelativityth.音素phoneme詞素morpheme（字詞的）外延與內(nèi)涵意義一denotative&connotativemeaning（句子的）表層與深層結(jié)構(gòu)一surface&deepstructure語意分析法semanticdifferential全句語言一holophrasticspeech過度延伸over-extension電報式語言一telegraphicspeech關(guān)鍵期criticalperiod差異減縮法differencereduction方法目的分析means-endsanalysis成就需求N.achievement倒推workingbackward動機motive自由意志freewill決定論determinism本能instinct種屬特有行為speciesspecific驅(qū)力drive誘因incentive驅(qū)力減低說drivereductionth.恒定狀態(tài)（作用）一homeostasis原級與次級動機一primary&secondaryM.功能獨立一動機motive自由意志freewill決定論determinism本能instinct種屬特有行為speciesspecific驅(qū)力drive誘因incentive驅(qū)力減低說drivereductionth.恒定狀態(tài)（作用）一homeostasis原級與次級動機一primary&secondaryM.功能獨立一functionalautonomy下視丘側(cè)部（LH）—lateralhypothalamus脂肪細胞說fat-celltheory.下視丘腹中部（VMH）—ventromedialH定點論setpointth.CCK膽囊調(diào)節(jié)激素第一性征primarysexcharacteristic第二性征secondarysexcharacteristic自我效能期望一self-efficiencyexpectancy內(nèi)在（發(fā)）動機一intrinsicmotive外在（衍）動機一extrinsicmotive替代學(xué)習(xí)vicariouslearning短期記憶（STM）—short-termM.長期記憶（LTM）—long-termmemory復(fù)誦rehearsal預(yù)示（激發(fā)）priming童年失憶癥childhoodamnesia視覺編碼（表征）visualcode（representation）聽覺編碼一acousticcode運作記憶workingmemory語意性知識一semanticknowledge記憶掃瞄程序一memoryscanningprocedure竭盡式掃瞄程序-exhaustiveS.P.自我終止式掃瞄一self-terminatedS.程序性知識一proceduralknowledge命題（陳述）性知識propositional（declarative）knowledge情節(jié)（軼事）性知識一episodicK.訊息處理深度一depthofprocessing精致化處理一elaboration登錄特殊性一codingspecificity記憶術(shù)一mnemonic位置記憶法一methodofloci字鉤法一pegword（線）探索（測）（激發(fā)）字一prime關(guān)鍵詞keyword命題思考propositionalthought心像思考imaginalthought彳亍動思考motoricthought概念concept原型prototype屬性property特征feature范例策略exemplarstrategy語言相對性（假說）一linguisticrelativityth.音素phoneme詞素morpheme（字詞的）外延與內(nèi)涵意義一denotative&connotativemeaning（句子的）表層與深層結(jié)構(gòu)一surface&deepstructure語意分析法semanticdifferential全句語言一holophrasticspeech過度延伸over-extension電報式語言一telegraphicspeech關(guān)鍵期criticalperiod差異減縮法differencereduction方法目的分析means-endsanalysis倒推workingbackward動機motive自由意志freewill決定論determinism本能instinct種屬特有行為speciesspecific驅(qū)力drive誘因incentive驅(qū)力減低說drivereductionth.恒定狀態(tài)（作用）一homeostasis原級與次級動機一primary&secondaryM.功能獨立一functionalautonomy下視丘側(cè)部（LH）—lateralhypothalamus脂肪細胞說fat-celltheory.下視丘腹中部（VMH）—ventromedialH定點論setpointth.CCK膽囊調(diào)節(jié)激素第一性征primarysexcharacteristic第二性征secondarysexcharacteristic自我效能期望一self-efficiencyexpectancy內(nèi)在（發(fā)）動機一intrinsicmotive外在（衍）動機一extrinsicmotive成就需求N.achievement需求層級一hierarchyofneeds自我實現(xiàn)selfactualization沖突conflict多項儀polygraph膚電反應(yīng)一GSR（認知）評估（cognitiveappraisal）臉部回饋假說facialfeedbackhypothesis（生理）激發(fā)arousal挫折-攻擊假說frustration-aggressionhy.替代學(xué)習(xí)vicariouslearning發(fā)展—development先天nature后天nurture成熟maturation（視覺）偏好法preferentialmethod習(xí)慣法habituation視覺懸崖visualcliff剝奪或豐富（環(huán)境）deprivationorenrichmentofenv.基模schema同化assimilation調(diào)適accommodation平衡equilibrium感覺動作期sensorimotorstage物體永久性objectivepermanence運思前期preoperationalst.保留概念conservation道德現(xiàn)實主義moralrealism具體運思期concreteoperational形式運思期formaloperationalst.前俗例道德pre-conventionalmoral俗例道德conventionalmoral超俗例道德post-conventionalmoral氣質(zhì)temperament依附attachment諮商counseling人因工程humanfactorengineering組織organization潛意識unconsciousness完形心理學(xué)Gestaltpsychology感覺sensation知覺perception實驗法experimentalmethod獨變項independentvariable依變項dependentV.控制變項controlV.生理physiology條件化conditioning學(xué)習(xí)learning比較心理學(xué)comparativepsy.發(fā)展development社會心理學(xué)socialpsy.人格personality心理計量學(xué)一psychometrics受試（者）subject實驗者預(yù)期效應(yīng)一experimenterexpectancyeffect雙盲法double—blind實地實驗fieldexperiment性別認定genderidentity性別配合sextyping性蕾期phallicstage戀親沖突一Oedipalconflict認同identification社會學(xué)習(xí)sociallearning情結(jié)complex性別恒定genderconstancy青年期adolescence青春期puberty第二性征secondarysexcharacteristics認同危機identitycrisis定向統(tǒng)合identityachievement早閉型統(tǒng)合foreclosure未定型統(tǒng)合moratorium迷失型統(tǒng)合identitydiffusion傳承g(shù)enerativity心理動力psycho-dynamics心理分析psychoanalysis彳亍為論behaviorism心理生物觀psycho-biologicalperspective認知cognition臨床心理學(xué)家-clinicalpsychologist單眼線索monocularcue相關(guān)correlation線性透視linear-perspective調(diào)查survey雙眼線索binocularcue訪談interview深度depth個案研究casestudy調(diào)節(jié)作用諮商counseling人因工程humanfactorengineering組織organization潛意識unconsciousness完形心理學(xué)Gestaltpsychology感覺sensation知覺perception實驗法experimentalmethod獨變項independentvariable依變項dependentV.控制變項controlV.生理physiology條件化conditioning學(xué)習(xí)learning比較心理學(xué)comparativepsy.發(fā)展development社會心理學(xué)socialpsy.人格personality心理計量學(xué)一psychometrics受試（者）subject實驗者預(yù)期效應(yīng)一experimenterexpectancyeffect雙盲法double—blind實地實驗fieldexperiment對稱律symmetry脈絡(luò)關(guān)系作用-contexteffect錯覺illusion模板匹配templatematching幻覺delusion整合分析法analysis-by-synthesis恒常性constancy豐富性redundancy大小size選擇性selective形狀shape無意識的推論-unconsciousinferences位置location運動后效motionaftereffect非快速眼動睡眠一NREMdream特征偵測器一featuredetector激發(fā)性excitatory抑制性inhibitory幾何子geons由上而下處理一up-downprocess由下而上處理bottom-upprocess連結(jié)者模式connectionistmodel聯(lián)結(jié)失識癥associativeagnosia臉孔辨識困難癥prosopagnosia意識conscious（ness）意識改變狀態(tài)alteredstatesofconsciousness無意識unconsciousness前意識preconsciousness內(nèi)省法introspection邊緣注意peripheralattention多重人格multiplepersonality午餐排隊（雞尾酒會）效應(yīng)一lunchline（cocktailparty）effect自動化歷程automaticprocess解離dissociate解離認同失常dissociativeidentitydisorder快速眼動睡眠——REMdream失眠insomnia顯性與隱性夢manifest&laterncontent心理活動性psychoactive冥想meditation抗藥性tolerance戒斷withdrawal感覺剝奪sensorydeprivation物質(zhì)濫用substanceabuse成癮physicaladdiction物質(zhì)依賴sub.dependence戒斷癥狀withdrawalsymptom興奮劑stimulant幻覺（迷幻）劑hallucinogen鎮(zhèn)定劑sedative抑制劑depressant酒精中毒引起檐妄一deliriumtremens麻醉劑narcotic催眠hypnosis催眠后暗示posthypnoticsuggestion催眠后失憶posthypnoticamnesia超心理學(xué)parapsychology超感知覺extrasensoryperceptionESP圓形窗roundwindow心電感應(yīng)telepathy超感視clairvoyance預(yù)知precognition心、理動力一psycokinesisPK受納器receptor絕對閾absolutethreshold差異閾differencethreshold恰辨差——JND韋伯律Weber''slaw心理物理psychophysical費雪納定律Fechner''slaw頻率frequency振幅amplitude音頻pitch基音fundamentaltone倍音overtone和諧音harmonic音色timbre白色噪音whitenoise鼓膜eardrum耳蝸cochlea卵形窗一ovalwindow前庭vestibularsacs半規(guī)管超感視clairvoyance預(yù)知precognition心、理動力一psycokinesisPK受納器receptor絕對閾absolutethreshold差異閾differencethreshold恰辨差——JND韋伯律Weber''slaw心理物理psychophysical費雪納定律Fechner''slaw頻率frequency振幅amplitude音頻pitch基音fundamentaltone倍音overtone和諧音harmonic音色timbre白色噪音whitenoise鼓膜eardrum耳蝸cochlea卵形窗一ovalwindow下視丘hypothalamus自（發(fā)性）然恢復(fù)spontaneousrecovery大腦cerebrum腦（下）垂體（腺）一pituitarygland腦半球cerebralhemisphere皮質(zhì)cortex月并胝體corpuscallosum邊緣系統(tǒng)limbicsystem海馬體hippocampus杏仁核amygdala中央溝centralfissure側(cè)溝lateralfissure腦葉lobe同卵雙生子identicaltwins異卵雙生子一fraternaltwins古典制約classicalconditioning操作制約operantconditioning非制約刺激一（USunconditionedstimulus非制約反應(yīng)一（UR）unconditionedR.制約刺激（CS）conditionedS.制約反應(yīng)（CR）conditionedR.習(xí)（獲）得acquisition增強作用reinforcement消除（弱）extinction前行制約一forwardconditioning同時制約simultaneousconditioning回溯制約backwardcond.痕跡制約traceconditioning延宕制約一delayconditioning類化（梯度）generalization（gradient）區(qū)辨discrimination（次級）增強物（secondary）reinforcer嫌惡刺激aversivestimulus試誤學(xué)習(xí)trialanderrorlearning效果率lawofeffect正（負）性增強物一positive（negative）rei.彳亍為塑造一behaviorshaping循序漸進successiveapproximation自行塑造一autoshaping部分（連續(xù)）增強一partial（continuous）R定比（時）時制一fixedratio（interval）scheduleFR或FI變化比率（時距）時制一variableratio（interval）scheduleVR或VI逃離反應(yīng)escapeR.回避反應(yīng)一avoidanceresponse習(xí)得無助learnedhelplessness頓悟in