2023版高三一輪總復習英語人教版（滇晉皖吉）第1部分 選擇性必修第4冊 UNIT 3 SEA EXPLORATION

課標單詞背誦(先填后背)1．leaguen．等級；水平；聯(lián)合會；聯(lián)賽2．royaladj.皇家的；王室的；高貴的3．channeln．航道；海峽；頻道4．bondn．紐帶；關系vt.&vi.增強信任關系；使牢固結合5．politicsn．政治；政治觀點6．tournamentn．錦標賽；聯(lián)賽7．laptopn．筆記本電腦；便攜式電腦8．directoryn．名錄；電話號碼簿；(計算機文件或程序的)目錄9．murdervt.謀殺；兇殺；毀壞n．謀殺；兇殺10．mercyn．仁慈；寬??；恩惠11．opponentn．反對者；對手；競爭者12．logvt.把……載入正式記錄；記錄n．正式記錄；日志；原木[單詞拼寫·運用]核心單詞語境運用1．talen．故事；敘述2．taxvt.對……征稅；使納稅n．稅；稅款3．withdrawvi.&vt4．a(chǎn)pplaudvt.&vi.鼓掌vt.稱贊；贊賞5．a(chǎn)rrestn．逮捕；拘留；中止vt.逮捕；拘留；阻止用所給詞的適當形式填空。1．Shouldtherichbeheavilytaxed(tax)inordertohelpthepoor?2．Tales(tale)ofhisaffairwithawomanwerespreadingquicklythroughoutthecompany.3．Herefusedtowithdraw(withdraw)hisruderemarksmadeabouthisbossandwasdismissedfromthecompany.4．Hiseffortstoimprovethesituationarewellworthapplauding(applaud)．5．Yesterday,fiveyoungmenwerearrested(arrest)inconnectionwithoneoftheattacks.派生單詞語境運用1．extendvt.擴展；使伸長；延長→extensionn．延長；擴展；延長物；延伸→extensiveadj.廣闊的；大量的；大規(guī)模的；廣泛的；全面的2．negotiatevt.商定；達成(協(xié)議)vi.談判；磋商；協(xié)商→negotiationn．協(xié)商；談判3．professionn．職業(yè)；行業(yè)→professionaladj.專業(yè)的；職業(yè)的4．mixvt.&vi.混合→mixturen．混合；結合體；混合物→mixedadj.復雜的；混合的5．covervt.報道；覆蓋；蓋；包括；涉及→coveragen．新聞報道；覆蓋范圍6．exploitvt.開發(fā)；利用；剝削→exploitationn．開發(fā)；利用；剝削；壓榨；開采7．possessvt.擁有；具有；持有→possessionn．個人財產(chǎn)；擁有；控制用所給詞的適當形式填空。1．Toextendtherangeofservices,wearebuildingatwo-storeyextensiontothehospital.Besides,extensiverepairworkisbeingcarriedout.(extend)2．Thegallerypossessesanumberoftheartist'searlyworks,whichareconsideredtobetreasuresinitspossession.(possess)3．Theyhavebeennegotiatingabouttheitemsofthecontractforhours，butthenegotiationdoesn'tseemtogosmoothly.(negotiate)4．AreporterfromCCTViscoveringtheincidentonthespotandithasalsoreceivedwidecoveragebymanyothermedia.(cover)5．Hemixedthetwoingredientstogetherinthebowlandthemixturetasteddelicious.(mix)6．NomineralshaveyetbeenexploitedinAntarcticabecausetheexploitationthereistoodifficultforhumanstocarryout.(exploit)1．(2021·全國乙卷)Thesedaysyou'dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustraliaovertheageof15whodoesn'townamobilephone.BA．被逼迫 B．很困難C．堅持不懈2．(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)Herhusbandworkedtwojobstocoverthebills，andher68-year-oldmotherhelpedtakecareofthechildrenattimes.AA．支付 B．報道C．覆蓋3．(2020·山東新高考模擬考試)Ihonestlyhopeitwon'tbetoolongbeforeIcanputmyfeetonthegroundbelowandstandinaforestthatwillneverbelogged.CA．記錄 B．行駛C．采伐[短語理解·運用]高頻短語語境運用1．setsail起航；開航2．lookinto窺視；調查；研究3．takeaction采取行動4．inhand在手頭；可供使用5．inaleagueofone'sown獨領風騷6．inreturnfor作為……的回報7．forthebenefitof為了……的利益8．firstofall首先9．beknownas作為……而出名選用左面短語的適當形式填空。1．Thelawyerisconfidenttowinthecasebecausehehasgotsomestrongevidenceinhand.2．Chinahasbeenpushingthereformofpublichospitalsforthebenefitofallitscitizens.3．SamuelClemens，whowasknownasMarkTwain，becameafamousAmericanwriter.4．Afterthegraduationceremony,webidfarewelltoeachotherandsetsailforanunknownfuture.5．Intermsofglobalinfluence,ChinaandtheU．S.clearlystandinaleagueoftheirown.[句式辨識·運用]教材原句背誦句式結構仿寫1.there'sanurgentneedtodosth.Fromascientificpointofview，thereisanurgentneedtostudytheArcticinordertounderstandclimatechangeanditseffects.既然你已經(jīng)為考試做好了充分的準備，就沒有必要擔心。Nowthatyou'rewellpreparedfortheexam,thereisnoneedtoworryaboutit.2.sothat引導目的狀語從句Weneedtounderstandwhatishappeningtoourplanetsothatwecantakeaction.為了讓更多人能夠欣賞珍貴的藝術收藏品，展覽會又延長了六周。Theshowhasbeenextendedforanothersixweekssothatmorepeoplecanappreciatepreciousartcollections.3.as引導時間狀語從句Hopefully，astechnologyimproves，wemayhavemoreoptionsformanagingthisbalance.隨著人口平均年齡的增加，有越來越多的老年人需要照顧。Aspeople'saverageageincreases，therearemoreandmoreoldpeopletocarefor.1．extendvt.擴展；使伸長；延長[高考原句·2019·全國卷Ⅲ]Studentsshouldbeabletoextendthelogicofeachtotheirparticularcircumstance.(1)extend...to...提供；給予extendto延長到extendby延長了(2)extensiveadj.廣闊的；大規(guī)模的；廣泛的extensionn．延長；擴大Inlessthansixyears，theBeltandRoadInitiativehasbeenextendedfromAsiatoEuropeandAfrica.在不到6年的時間里，“一帶一路”倡議從亞洲延伸至歐洲與非洲。extendasfarastheriver一直延伸到河邊extendthekitchenbysixfeet把廚房擴大了6英尺extendthedeadlineforpayment延長付款期限[基礎練習]——單句語法填空①Ifyou'reinneedofadeadlineextension(extend),simplyexplainthesituationtotheprofessor.②Boldness—awillingnesstoextend(extend)yourselftotheextreme—isnotonethatcanbeacquiredovernight.③Inpoorfamilies,meanwhile,childrentendtospendtheirtimeathomeorwithextended(extend)family.[鏈接寫作]——完成句子①布萊克夫人的花園一直延伸到山腳下。MrsBlack'sgardenextendsasfarasthefootofthehill.②精心保養(yǎng)可延長你的汽車的壽命。Carefulmaintenancecanextendthelifeofyourcar.2．withdrawvi.&vt.[增補義]提?。徊粎⒓?1)withdrawfrom退出；撤回(2)withdrawaln．收回；撤退；取款；戒毒(或脫癮)過程Althoughthefirewasdifficulttocontrol，thefirefightersdidn'twithdraw.盡管火勢很難控制，但消防員們沒有撤退。withdraw$100fromtheaccount從賬戶上提取100美元withdrawfromtheevent退出比賽Germany'swithdrawalfromthetalks德國退出談判[基礎練習]——單句語法填空①Theyinsisteduponawithdrawal(withdraw)ofthestatementandapublicapology.②Thedrugwaswithdrawn(withdraw)fromsaleafteranumberofpeoplesufferedserioussideeffects.③Theythreatenedtowithdrawfromthetalksiftheirdemandswerenotsatisfied.[鏈接寫作]——句式升級(普通表達)Afterhisnamewaswithdrawnfromthelist，helefttheplayground.(高級表達)Hisnamewithdrawnfromthelist，helefttheplayground.(獨立主格結構)3．mercyn．仁慈；寬?。欢骰?1)showmercytosb.(＝showsb.mercy)同情、憐憫某人havemercyonsb.憐憫某人withoutmercy毫不留情地；殘忍地atthemercyof任……處置；任由……擺布(2)mercifuladj.仁慈的；慈悲的mercilessadj.殘忍的；無情的Shakespeare'sfamousplayTheMerchantofVeniceshowsthatmercyblesseseveryone，andit'sstrongerthanhateandrevenge.莎士比亞的著名戲劇《威尼斯商人》表明，仁慈保佑每個人，它比仇恨和復仇更強大。havemercyonthehomeless憐憫無家可歸的人atthemercyofthefate聽從命運的擺布begformercy乞求寬恕[基礎練習]——單句語法填空/單句改錯①Sheisakind-heartedwoman,whoalwayshasmercyonchildrenwithoutparents.②Whenhewastakentohospital,hisinjuriesweresoseverethatdeathwouldbeamerciful(mercy)release.③Thesailorswerelostatsea，atmercyofthewindsandwaves.at后加the[鏈接寫作]——一句多譯我們應該憐憫殘疾人而不是看不起他們。①Wearesupposedtoshowmercytothedisabledinsteadoflookingdownuponthem.(show)②Wearesupposedtohavemercyonthedisabledinsteadoflookingdownuponthem.(have)③Wearesupposedtobemercifultothedisabledinsteadoflookingdownuponthem.(merciful)4．possessionn．個人財產(chǎn)；擁有；控制[高考原句·2020·新高考卷Ⅱ]ThenIwouldtrytorememberthedifferentpossessionsIsupposedlyhadtakenaway—sinceIseldomactuallykeptthem.(1)inpossessionof占有；擁有；持有inthepossessionofsb./inone'spossession為某人所有；在某人的控制下take/gain/comeintopossessionof擁有；占有(2)possessvt.(不用于進行時)擁有；具有；支配Wheneveryouremotionisoutofcontrol，justkeepitinmindthatonlybypossessingagoodstateofmindcanyouachievesuccess.無論何時你情緒失控時，牢記一點：只有擁有良好的心態(tài)你才能成功。thepossessionofapassport持有護照comeintopossessionofavastfortune繼承一大筆財產(chǎn)oneofhermosttreasuredpossessions她最珍貴的財產(chǎn)之一[基礎練習]——單句語法填空/單句改錯①Youcannotlegallytakepossession(possess)ofthepropertyuntilthreeweeksafterthecontractissigned.②(2020·全國卷Ⅰ)AllcustomerstravellingonTransLinkservicesmustbeinpossessionofavalidticketbeforeboarding.③Athenswasmorelikeacooperativebusinesspossessingofgreatwealth,inwhichallcitizenshadarighttoshare.去掉of[鏈接寫作]——一句多譯據(jù)我所知，你擁有這位藝術家的大量作品。①AsfarasIknow，youareinpossessionofalargenumberoftheartist'sworks.②AsfarasIknow，alargenumberoftheartist'sworksareinyourpossession.③AsfarasIknow，youpossessalargenumberoftheartist'sworks.5．inhand[課本義]在手頭；可供使用[增補義]在掌握中；在處理中(1)athand在手邊的；在附近的；即將到來的byhand用手工ontheotherhand另一方面gohandinhand齊頭并進give/lendsb.ahand幫助某人(2)handin上交handout分發(fā)TheOlympicorganiserssaythatmattersarewellinhand.奧運會的組織方說各項事務都在掌握中。[基礎練習]——單句語法填空①Ifyouhaveyourlecturenotesinhand,youwillbeabletoexaminespecificpointsthatareconfusingtoyou.②Mywashingmachineisbeingrepairedthisweek,soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand.③Tomakeiteasiertogetintouchwithus,you'dbetterkeepthiscardathand.[鏈接寫作]——詞匯升級(普通表達)Ifyouareintrouble，Mikeisalwayswillingtohelpyou.①(高級表達)Ifyouareintrouble，Mikeisalwayswillingtogive/lendyouahand.(n.hand)②(高級表達)Ifyouareintrouble，Mikeisalwayswillingtodoyouafavour.(n.favour)6．[教材原句]Weneedtounderstandwhatishappeningtoourplanetsothatwecantakeaction.我們需要了解我們的星球出了什么問題，以便于采取措施。[句法句式]句中sothat引導目的狀語從句，意為“以便于；為了”，從句中通常有情態(tài)動詞，其前一般不用逗號。需注意以下內容：(1)引導目的狀語從句時，sothat常與inorderthat或soasto進行轉換；(2)sothat也可引導結果狀語從句，可譯為“以至于”。(3)so/such...that...引導結果狀語從句，意為“如此……以至于……”。【金句推送】(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)Itwassotinythatwehadtoleaveoursuitcasesinthehallway.它太小了，我們只好把行李箱放在走廊里。[基礎練習]——單句語法填空/單句改錯①Ioftenfoundmyselftellingmymomtodrivemoreslowly,sothatIcouldreadalloftheroadsignswepassed.②(2020·全國卷Ⅱ)ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.③Hewasinsoahurrythathealmostpushedmeoveronthestairs.so→such[鏈接寫作]——句式改寫①Theattackwassosuddenthatwehadnotimetoescape.→Sosuddenwastheattackthatwehadnotimetoescape.(倒裝句)②IreadthedocumentsbeforegoingtobedsothatIcouldbepreparedforthenextday'swork.→Ireadthedocumentsbeforegoingtobedsoastobepreparedforthenextday'swork.(soasto)7．[教材原句]Hopefully，astechnologyimproves，wemayhavemoreoptionsformanagingthisbalance.隨著技術的進步，我們有希望擁有更多的選擇，來實現(xiàn)這種平衡。[句法句式]as引導時間狀語從句，意為“隨著”，此處as是連詞。需注意的是：with是介詞，意為“隨著”，后接名詞或代詞等構成with短語或with復合結構。【金句推送】(2020·全國卷Ⅲ)Asscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes,theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears.隨著科學家對我們基因的深入研究，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了越來越多的過去幾千年人類進化的實例。[基礎練習]——單句語法填空①Astechnologydevelops(develop)，wecanhaveeasieraccesstoinformationneeded.②Withthefinancialcrisisspreading(spread)acrosstheglobe,moreandmorecompaniesarebeingshutdown.[鏈接寫作]——一句多譯隨著時間的推移，我逐漸適應了學校生活。①Withtimegoingby，Igraduallyadaptedmyselftotheschoollife.(with)②Astimewentby，Igraduallyadaptedmyselftotheschoollife.(as)夯基固本——基礎落實Ⅰ.用所給詞的正確形式填空。1．Obviously,anychildwhoreceivesdedicatedteachingoveranextended(extend)periodislikelytoimprove.2．Asyoucansee,thewithdrawal(withdraw)fromdrugabuseisreallytoughonceyouareaddictedtodrugs.3．Thereareseveralreasonstobelievethattheurgestohelp,informandsharearenottaught,butnaturallypossessed(possess)inyoungchildren.4．TheCanada-U.S.borderrestrictionagreementisexpectedtoextend(extend)atleastforanothermonthtoDec.21.5．AccordingtoLifeinLikes,aschildrengrew(grow),theybecamemoreanxioustogetmorepublicapproval.Ⅱ.改正下列句子中的錯誤。1．RightafterErintookthepossessionofmywalletonthebus，shepostedapictureofmydriver'slicensetoanonlineforum，tryingtoseeifanyoneknewme.去掉took后的the2．Herewasachanceformetodistinguishmyselfbyinventingsomethingmercifullythatwouldcatchsnakesbutnotharmthem.mercifully→merciful3．Peopledrankakindofteamadefromleavespossessedaspecialchemicaltoreducebodypainsandfever.possessed→possessing4．Thecoursesarebasedonaweeklytwo-hourclass,whichextendingoveraperiodof25weeks.去掉which或extending→extend5．Theywithdraw500dollarsfromabankaccountaftertheycheckedoutoftheirhotel.withdraw→withdrewⅢ.在空白處填入一個適當?shù)脑~。1．Soonschoolwillcometoanendandthevacationwillbeathand.2．We'resurethattechnicalprogresswillputourfirminpossessionofthedomesticmarket.3．Earlyseaexplorerswerenotatthemercyoftheoceanseventhoughtheyhadnonavigationaids.4．Forsomereason，Iwithdrewfromahandfulofgrandclubs,whichIwasnevertojoinagain.5．Hepromisedtoextendthedeadlineforentrytothecompetitionby24hours.查缺補漏——知識拾遺Ⅰ.用所給詞的正確形式填空。1．SilkwormswerefirstraisedinwhatwenowknowasHebeiProvince,as(is)recorded(record)insomehistorybooks.2．Tradinghasgrowngreatlyinrecentyears,andwillcontinuetodosoinyearstocome(come)．3．Fromascientific(science)pointofview,there'sanurgentneedtostudytheArcticinordertounderstandclimatechangeanditseffects.4．Astudyshowsthatthoseborninfalllessprobablyhaveamoodofdepression,whichmayeasilydrivethemtocry(cry)．5．TheicesheetintheArcticismeltingatanalarmingrate,arresting(arrest)theattentionofscientistsworldwide.Ⅱ.在空白處填入一個適當?shù)脑~。1．Inancienttimes,silkfromChinafounditswayoverlandtoIndia,theMiddleEast,andRome,alongwhatbecameknownastheSilkRoad.2．Whenitcomestocooking，mywifeisinaleagueofherown.3．Inordertoimpressatajobinterview，youneedtobondwiththeinterviewerrightaway.4．(2020·江蘇卷)Beinggoodatsomethingandhavingapassionforitarenotenough.5．Inhisopinion,there'ssomuchthatpeoplecanachievewiththerightmotiveandambition.強技提能——語言應用Ⅰ.語法填空短文中黑體部分為本單元核心知識點，請在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式，并背誦該短文。TheexpeditionsofZhengHe'sfleetstothewesternseasstartedin1405,aimed1.toenhance(enhance)therelationsbetweenChinaandtherestoftheworld.ThefleetsextendedthetradingsearoutetotheeastcoastofAfrica,2.whereZhengHeandhismennegotiatedtradedealswithAfricanmerchantsandroyalfamilies,3.exchanging(exchange)chinaandteaforgoldandspices.Meanwhile,theydefeatedtheattackersfromcountriesalongtheirroutebyexploitingadvanced4.weapons(weapon)inhandandarrestedseveralmercilessmurdersofcivilianswhichhappenedinsomeregions.Zheng'svoyage,already5.logged(log)inhistorybooks,broughtpeaceandorderintheareasandpromotedthe6.regional(region)economicgrowth.Zheng'ssuccessmightbeamixtureofskillandgoodluck,butthemarinetradenetworkheestablishedhadbeenflourishingforawholecentury7.untiltheWesternerscametotheEast.Zheng'sexpeditionslastedforalmost30yearsbeforeChina8.withdrew(withdraw)fromfurtherexplora