外研版（2019）高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)練習(xí)41：選擇性必修4 Unit 5　Into the unknown(含解析)

課時(shí)質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)(四十一)選擇性必修第四冊(cè)Unit5IntotheunknownA組·基礎(chǔ)鞏固Ⅰ.語法填空ATodayweknowAntarcticaasanextremeenvironment1.________(contain)iceandsnow.Butnewresearchprovidesevidencethattheareawasverydifferentinthepast,2.________wasfoundinsideapieceofEarthsediment(沉淀物)gatheredbyresearchers3.________undertheseaflooroffthecoastofAntarctica.Inthesediment,they4.________(find)forestsoilestimatedtobeabout90millionyearsoldandthiswouldhavebeenintheCretaceousPeriod,whendinosaurswerethemainland5.________(animal).JohannKlages,whowastheleadwriterofastudyonthefindings6.________(publish)inthejournalNature,saidthesedimentcollectionwasfrom7.________depthofabout30metresbelowtheoceanfloor.Klagessaidanexaminationshowedthatthematerialformedonland,notintheocean.TheEarthhasexperiencedinthepastandis8.________(current)undergoingtoday.TheresearcherssaidthattherainforestenvironmentinAntarcticawasespeciallysurprising,becauseeachyearthearea9.________(experience)afour-monthpolarnightwhenthereisnosunlighttofuelplantlife.Klagessaidnoicesheetswerepresentduringthetime,but10.________(season)snowfallwaslikely.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。研究人員從南極洲海岸附近的海底收集的一塊泥土沉積物中發(fā)現(xiàn)：這些沉積物是在陸地上形成的。1.containing考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞，此處應(yīng)用非謂語。主語Antarctica和動(dòng)詞contain是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作定語，故填containing。2.which考查定語從句。句中包含非限制性定語從句，先行詞是evidence，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語，只能用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)，故填which。3.from考查介詞。句意：但新的研究提供了證據(jù)，證明這片區(qū)域與過去大不相同，它是在研究人員從南極洲海岸附近的海底收集的一塊泥土沉積物中發(fā)現(xiàn)的。根據(jù)句意可知，空處表示“從，來自”，故填from。4.found考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。此處講述通過研究泥土沉積物的發(fā)現(xiàn)，是過去發(fā)生的事。與上下文時(shí)態(tài)一致，用一般過去時(shí)，故填found。5.animals考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。animal是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，與主語dinosaurs和系動(dòng)詞were一致用復(fù)數(shù)，故填animals。6.published考查過去分詞。句中findings和動(dòng)詞publish之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)該用過去分詞，指這些發(fā)現(xiàn)被出版，故填published。7.a考查冠詞。此處指收集的沉積物來自海床下大約30米的深度，adepthof...表示“……的深度”，故填a。8.currently考查副詞。修飾動(dòng)詞undergoing用副詞，故填currently。9.experiences考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語“eachyear”可知，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語thearea表示單數(shù)意義，謂語動(dòng)詞與之一致用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，故填experiences。10.seasonal考查形容詞。此處表示季節(jié)性降雪，修飾名詞snowfall用形容詞，故填seasonal。BFacechangingisused1.________(express)thechangingemotionsofcharactersinSichuanOpera.Chinahasanabundanceof1，300localoperas.SichuanOperaisoneofthe2.________(old)localoperasandisthemostimportantandmostinterestingoperaformfromSouthwesternChina.Theoperaischaracterisedbyits3.________(fun)comediansanduniqueskills:facechanging,spittingfireandrollinglight.Facechangingisanimportantintangibleculturalheritage(非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn))inChina.Sofar,onlyafewmasters4.________(grasp)thisskill.Theyknow5.________tochangeSichuanOperamasksinaflash.Astheywavetheirarmsandtwisttheirheads,theirpaintedmaskschangeagainandagain.Facechanginggotitsstart300yearsago.In6.________beginning,operamasterschangedthecolouroftheirfaceduringperformancesby7.________(blow)intoabowlofred,blackorgoldpowder.Thepowderwouldsticktotheiroiledskin8.________(quick).Bythe1920s,operamastersbeganusinglayersofmasks9.________(make)ofoiledpaper.Themasterscouldpeeloneafteranotheralmostimmediately.Atpresentthemastersusepaintedsilkmasks,10.________canbeworninlayers,asmanyastwodozen,andbepulledoffonebyone.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。變臉是川劇的特技之一，用以表達(dá)人物的情感變化。1.toexpress考查固定用法。beusedtodosth.意為“被用來做某事”。2.oldest考查形容詞的最高級(jí)。“oneofthe＋形容詞最高級(jí)＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”意為“最……的……之一”。3.funny考查形容詞。設(shè)空處修飾comedians,表示“有趣的”，故填funny。4.havegrasped考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。由前面的“Sofar”可知，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故填havegrasped。5.how考查疑問詞。know后是一個(gè)“疑問詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，且設(shè)空處表示方式，故填how。6.the考查冠詞。inthebeginning意為“起初”。故填the。7.blowing考查固定用法。介詞by后需用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語，故填blowing。8.quickly考查副詞。設(shè)空處修飾動(dòng)詞stick,表示“迅速地”，故填quickly。9.made考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。make和masks之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且make所表示的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，故填made。10.which考查定語從句。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，補(bǔ)充說明masks,且在從句中作主語，故填which。Ⅱ.根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全句子1.因?yàn)閷?duì)顧客粗魯，這個(gè)年輕人很可能會(huì)被解雇。(Itis...that)Itispossible/likelythattheyoungmanwillbedismissedbecauseofhisrudenesstothecustomer.2.不論你的夢(mèng)想是什么，你都需要努力去實(shí)現(xiàn)它。(whatever)Whateveryourdreamis,youshouldworkhardtorealiseit.3.為什么運(yùn)河被埋上了依然是一個(gè)謎。(why＋從句)Whythecanalwasburiedisstillamystery.4.他對(duì)一切都感到好奇的事實(shí)使他有了自己的發(fā)明。(fact)Thefactthathewascuriousabouteverythingcontributedtohisinvention.5.你沒必要為你兒子擔(dān)心。(thereisnoneed...)Thereisnoneedforyoutoworryaboutyourson.B組·能力提升Ⅰ.閱讀理解Theuniverseisexpandingfasterthanitusedto,meaningit'saboutabillionyearsyoungerthanwethought,anewstudybyaNobelPrizewinnersays.AtissueisanumbercalledtheHubbleconstant,acalculationforhowfasttheuniverseisexpanding.Somescientistscallitthemostimportantnumberincosmology,thestudyoftheoriginanddevelopmentoftheuniverse.UsingNASA'SHubbleSpaceTelescope,theJohnsHopkinsUniversityastronomerAdamRiessconcludedinTheThetroubleisRiessandothersthinkbothcalculationsarecorrect.Confused?That'sOK,soaretheexperts.Theyfindtheconflictsoconfusingthattheyaretalkingaboutcomingupwith“newphysics”，incorporating(合作)perhapssomeyet-to-be-discoveredparticleorothercosmic(宇宙)“fudgefactors”likedarkenergyordarkmatter.“It'slookingmoreandmorelikeweweregoingtoneedsomethingnewtoexplainthis，”saidRiess,whowonthe2011Nobelinphysics.NASAastrophysicistJohnMather,anotherNobelwinner,saidthisleavestwoobviousoptions,“1.We'remakingmistakeswecan'tfindyet.2.Naturehassomethingwecan'tfindyet.”Evenwiththediscovery,lifecontinuesonEarththewayitalwayshas.Buttoastrophysiciststryingtogetahandleonourplaceinthisexpandinguniverse,thisisacosmicconcern.Infact,theuniverseisreallymystical(神秘的).Scientistshavedonelotsofstudyaboutitbutthereisstillmuchtheyhaven'tdiscovered.1.Whatisthefindingofthenewstudy?A.TheEarthisyoungerthanexpected.B.Manyuniversalproblemsarerising.C.Theuniverseisgrowingfasterthanbefore.D.Thefindingisbasedonpastscientists'calculations.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”refertoinParagraph2?A.TheHubbleconstant.B.Thefasterexpandinguniverse.C.Thedevelopmentoftheuniverse.D.Thescientificresearchontheuniverse.3.HowdotheexpertsrespondtotheconflictofthefindinginParagraph4?A.Theywanttoraiseanewtheory.B.Theywanttoexploredarkmatter.C.Theywanttofurthercalculatethefinding.D.Theywanttomixtogetherbothcalculations.4.WhatcanweinferfromJohnMather'swords?A.Wecannotfindanythinguseful.B.Astronomersaremakingmanymistakes.C.Weneedtolearnabouttheuniverse.D.Wecannotfindsomethingnewfromnature.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)宇宙比我們想象的要年輕10億年。1.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知，一位諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)得主的一項(xiàng)新研究稱，宇宙比過去膨脹得更快，這意味著它比我們想象的要年輕10億年，故A項(xiàng)正確。2.A代詞指代題。根據(jù)畫線詞前的“AtissueisanumbercalledtheHubbleconstant,acalculationforhowfasttheuniverseisexpanding.”可知，爭論的焦點(diǎn)是一個(gè)被稱為哈勃常數(shù)的數(shù)字，它是用來計(jì)算宇宙膨脹速度的，因此此處是說一些科學(xué)家把哈勃常數(shù)稱為宇宙學(xué)中最重要的數(shù)字。由此可知it指代的就是前面提到的“哈勃常數(shù)”，故A項(xiàng)正確。3.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Theyfindtheconflictsoconfusingthattheyaretalkingaboutcomingupwith‘newphysics’”可知，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)這種沖突是如此令人困惑，以至于他們正在討論“新物理學(xué)”理論(想提出一種新理論)，故A項(xiàng)正確。4.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，約翰·馬瑟的話表明我們對(duì)宇宙的了解還不夠，需要進(jìn)一步了解宇宙，故C項(xiàng)正確。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五Theyear79ADwouldhaveseemed—just,likeanyotheryearintheRomancityofPompeii.Eachday,thestreetswerefilledwiththesoundsofbusyshopsandcustomersenjoyingthecity'smanycafes.1NoonegaveanythoughttoMountVesuvius,avolcanoclosetoPompeii.Vesuviushadbeeninactiveforyears.Thesoilinthatareawasgoodforagriculture.2Butthesleepingmountainwasabouttowakeup...Theeruptionwhenithappened,wasunlikeanythingwitnessedbefore.Ahugecloudofhotashrockroseintotheair,coveringthesurroundingarea.Ayoungmanwatchingfromadistance,recordedhowthethickdarkcloudspreadeverywhere.3Theytookwhattheycouldastheytriedtogetawayfromthecity.Butmanyweretrappedbyfallingbuildings.Suddenly,therewasapowerfulflowofgas,ashandrock.ItmoveddownVesuviusataspeedofabout450kilometresanhour.4Thecitywascoveredbyuptosixmetresofash.Pompeiibecameacityfrozenintime.5Manybodieshavebeenfoundinthesamepositionsinwhichtheyfell.Workcontinuestouncovertherestofthecity—andtheancientstoriesithastotell.A.Pompeiiwasleftintotaldarkness.B.Thecitywasrediscoveredinthem