高三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)之非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞課件

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)歸納

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用條件一個(gè)句子當(dāng)中，已經(jīng)存在一個(gè)句子（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）,又沒(méi)有連詞的情況下,還有別的動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)時(shí)。Shegotoffthebus,_________(leave)herhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,but____(leave)

herhandbagonherseat.leavingleft非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句法功能動(dòng)詞不定式無(wú)人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化,但有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。不定式動(dòng)詞不定式的基本形式動(dòng)詞不定式否定形式被動(dòng)形式進(jìn)行時(shí)完成時(shí)todo

nottodotobedonetobedoingtohavedone5.作表語(yǔ)6.作狀語(yǔ)不定式3.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1.作主語(yǔ)2.作賓語(yǔ)4.作定語(yǔ)不定式的功能

不定式運(yùn)用口訣本領(lǐng)最多不定式，主、表、賓、補(bǔ)、定和狀。樣樣成分都能干，只有謂語(yǔ)它不敢。大家千萬(wàn)要當(dāng)心，有時(shí)它把句型改，作主賓時(shí)用“it”,自己在后把身藏。七個(gè)感官三使役，賓補(bǔ)要把to甩開(kāi)；疑問(wèn)詞后接上它，賓語(yǔ)從句可充當(dāng)；邏輯主語(yǔ)不定式，不定式前forsb.;

to前not是否定，各種用法區(qū)別開(kāi)。不定式在七個(gè)感官動(dòng)詞see,hear,feel,watch,find,notice,listento,三個(gè)使役動(dòng)詞let,have,make等后作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),to要省略1.作主語(yǔ)側(cè)重于動(dòng)作的具體性和將來(lái)性Toplaybasketball

isagreatpleasure.但為使句子平衡,常用it代它作主語(yǔ),把它移到句子后部去.Itisagreatpleasuretoplaybasketball.

2.作賓語(yǔ)A.跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞:（１）hope,want,expect,wish,desire,like,love,dislike,hate,plan,intend,mean,prepare,decide,determine,afford,fail,manage,try、dare,help,promise、refuse、learn、offer、agree、forget,bother.e.g.Ipromisetofinishthehomeworkontime.看看下列題目中不定式作什么成分？（2013重慶）Theenginejustwon’tstart.Somethingseems_____wrongwithit.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone解析：發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)就是啟動(dòng)不起來(lái)。看來(lái)它是出毛病了。本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作表語(yǔ)。seem后接不定式。根據(jù)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)不能啟動(dòng)的事實(shí)說(shuō)明發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了問(wèn)題，所以選B。3.作表語(yǔ)A.表示按計(jì)劃和安排將要發(fā)生的事情。

HeistomarryRose.B.表示主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容，但側(cè)重于目的性。Herwishwastobecomeanartist.C.表示情態(tài)意義(應(yīng)該,必須)。Theformistobefilledinandreturnedwithinaweek.Sheistoblame.看看下列題目中不定式作什么成分？(2012重慶)Wearehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecision______atthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourcompany.AtobemadeBbeingmadeCmadeDhavingbeenmade解析：動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)：常放在所修飾的名詞之后，表示一個(gè)將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，多用來(lái)修飾have、therebe、with之后的名詞，表示“有……要……”；或修飾“the+序數(shù)詞”。(2013.四川）Theairport______nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.A.beingcompletedB.tobecompletedC.completedD.havingbeencompleted4.不定式作定語(yǔ)A.一般表示將發(fā)生的情況，放在名詞后。CharlesLindberghisthefirstman

toflytheAtlanticalone.(主謂關(guān)系)Hehasgotlotsofquestions

toask.(動(dòng)賓關(guān)系)注意:1.如不定式與它所修飾的詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,而這個(gè)不定式又是不及物動(dòng)詞,它后面應(yīng)有必要的介詞。Thereisnothing

toworryabout.2.不定式所修飾的名詞是不定式的動(dòng)作所發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)或所使用的工具時(shí),它后面要帶上必要的介詞。Ineedapen

towritewith.Heislookingforaroom

tolivein.（2012江西）Havingfinishedtheproject,shewasinvitedbytheschool____________tothenewstudents.AspeakingBhavingspokenCtospeakDtohavespoken解析：有些動(dòng)詞只能用不定式作賓語(yǔ)。如invite,refuse,expect,promise,decide,offer,pretend等(2013陜西）Letthoseinneed______thatwewillgoallouttohelpthem.A.tounderstandB.understandC.understandingD.understoodB.ask,tell,request,order等表要求,命令的動(dòng)詞Thechairmanrequested

themembers

tobesilent.C.allow,permit,forbid等表許可或禁止的動(dòng)詞Theguardforbade

me

toenter.D.wish,want,expect,intend等表希望的動(dòng)詞(hope無(wú)此用法)Manyparentsexpect

theirchildren

tostudyabroad.E.see、watch、notice、hear、listento、observe、feel等表感官的動(dòng)詞后的不定式均不帶to

Inoticedtearscomeintohiseyes.Weoftenhearhersingthesongathome.→(被動(dòng)）Shewasoftenheard_______thesongathome.tosing看看下列題目中不定式作什么成分？(2013湖南）_____warmatnight,Iwouldfillthewoodstove,thensetmyalarmclockformidnightsoIcouldrefillit.A.StayingB.StayedC.TostayD.Stay(2013山東）Istoppedthecar_____ashortbreakasIwasfeelingtired.A.takeB.takingC.totakeD.taken(2012山東)Georgereturnedafterthewar,only_________thathiswifehadlefthim.AtobetoldBtellingCbeingtoldDtold(2012四川)Tomtookataxitotheairport,only________hisplanehighupinthesky.AfindingBtofindCbeingfoundDtohavefound解析：不定式表結(jié)果，其動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后，往往表示未曾預(yù)料到的或令人不快的，前面常加only；也還用于too…to,enoughto,so/such…asto等固定結(jié)構(gòu)中。______,youneedtogiveallyouhaveandtryyourbest.A.BeingawinnerB.TobeawinnerC.BeawinnerD.Havingbeenawinner本題中不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)6.不定式作狀語(yǔ)1)不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)Timsatnearthefiretogetwarm.Theathletespracticedhardtowinthematch.強(qiáng)調(diào)作目的狀語(yǔ)的不定式,常用inorder(not)to，soas(not)to短語(yǔ).前者可放在句首,也可放在句中;后者只能放在句中。2).不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的不定式常用于一些固定搭配中。如:too…to,enoughto，sufficientto，onlyto，neverto，so+形容詞/副詞+asto,such+名詞+astodo引導(dǎo)。Wouldyoubesokindastostepthisway,please?Itriedthedoor,onlytofinditlockedinside.(2012陜西)Ifhetakesonhiswork,hewillhavenochoicebut________anevengreaterchallenge.AmeetsBmeetingCmeetDtomeet解析：介詞后一般只能接動(dòng)名詞，但在表示“除……外”的介詞but和except后，有時(shí)可接不定式；當(dāng)前面有行為動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，不定式不帶to；前面沒(méi)有行為動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，要帶to。Weareinvitedtoaparty______inourclubnextFriday.A.tobeheldB.heldC.beingheldD.holding6.Theywouldnotallowhim______acrosstheenemyline.A.toriskgoingB.riskingtogoC.forrisktogoD.riskgoingA

ask,tell,invite,force,get,beg,allow,help,wishwant,like,hate,prefer,expect,encourage,advise,persuade,instruct,permit,request,order,warn.cause,urge等等動(dòng)詞后可接不定式作賓補(bǔ)。.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister____,todayhewasmade____byhislittlesister.A.cry,tocryB.crying,cryingC.cry,cryD.tocry,cryAsyou’veneverbeentherebefore,I’llhavesomeone_____youtheway.A.toshowB.showC.showingD.showed

使役動(dòng)詞make,let只接不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。

Letmedoitforyou.

IhadmyTVsetrepairedyesterday.Don’thavehimwaitingintherainforsolong.9.---Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?---I’dliketohavethispackage___,madam.A.beweighedB.tobeweighedC.toweighD.weighed

10.It’sverycold.Let’smakeafire_______ourselves.A.warmB.towarmC.warmingD.warmed11.Ihaveasuggestion____atthemeeting.A.putforwardB.puttingforwardC.toputforwardD.tobeputforwardDBC

have(有),make(“做”等非使役意義)時(shí)接帶to的不定式作定語(yǔ)或目的狀語(yǔ)..I’mgoingtoShanghainextweek.Haveyouanything_____toyourparents?A.tobuyB.tobeboughtC.totakeD.tobetaken.Themissingboywaslastseen_____neartheriver.A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay.Theboywhowascaught_____intheexaminationwillbepunishedbytheteacher.A.CheatB.cheating.C.tocheatD.cheated.Whodidtheteacherhave______anarticleforthewallnewspaperjustnow?A.writtenB.writingC.writeD.towritec注意這一結(jié)構(gòu)的活用。Isawthebikebeingrepaired.Isawthebikerepaired.InordertoimproveEnglish,______.A.Jenny’sfatherboughtheralotoftapesB.JennyboughtalotoftapesforherselfC.alotoftapeswereboughtbyJenny.D.alotoftapeswereboughtbyJenny’sfather

不定式作狀語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)通常是句子的主語(yǔ)。IcanhardlyimaginePeter____acrosstheAtlanticOceanin15days.A.sailB.tosailC.sailingD.tohavesailed

動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)名詞

Mary’scomplainingannoyedhim.Idon’tmindhim/hiscoming.

10.Whatworriedtheboywas_____tovisithisfatherinthehospital.A.hisnotallowingB.hisnotbeingallowed.C.hisbeingnotallowedD.havingnotbeenallowed

三、分詞現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞.充當(dāng)成分:賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),定語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ).（一）現(xiàn)在分詞(1).現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞無(wú)人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化,但有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化.其時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化形式與動(dòng)名詞相同.時(shí)態(tài)\語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone(2)、現(xiàn)在分詞的句法功能具有形容詞和副詞的特征,可充當(dāng)成分:表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),

狀語(yǔ)1.現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)起形容詞作用,說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特征及主語(yǔ)所具備的動(dòng)作功能。常譯為”使(令)…怎樣。”如:Thenewsisverydisappointing.Hisstoryisverymoving.(encouraging,inspiring,exciting,interesting….)看看下列句子中現(xiàn)在分詞作什么成分？(2012湖南)Thelecture,______at7:00pmlastnight,wasfollowedbyanobservationofthemoonwithtelescopes.AstartingBbeingstartedCtostartDtobestarted(2013山東）Theroomisemptyexceptforabookshelf_____inonecorner.A.standingB.tostandC.standsD.stood(2013遼寧）LaurawasawayinParisforoveraweek.Whenshegothome,therewasapileofmail______forher.A.waitedB.towaitC.waitingD.waswaiting2.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ),表示主動(dòng)意義,它與所修飾的名詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系,通?？筛臑槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。它從以下兩方面來(lái)說(shuō)明中心詞。

A.表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行Don’twakeupthe

sleeping

boy.=Don’twakeuptheboy

whoissleepingIdon’tknowtheman

writingsomethingoverthere.=Idon’tknowtheman

whoiswritingsomethingoverthere.看看下列句子中現(xiàn)在分詞作什么成分？(2012四川)Ilookedupandnoticedasnake_______itswayupthetreetocatchitsbreakfast.AtowindBwindCwindingDwound解析：當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)與作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用不定式(未來(lái)或全過(guò)程)或-ing形式(正在進(jìn)行或一直處于某種狀態(tài))；當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)與作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用-ed形式。3.現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)，說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，形成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系；A.作感官動(dòng)詞的賓補(bǔ),如:see,lookat,watch,notice,find,observe,listento,hear,smelltaste,feel…表示正在進(jìn)行的意義Wefoundthemreadingintheclassroom.B.作使役動(dòng)詞的賓補(bǔ),如:have,get,keep,send,leave,catch…表示”使…進(jìn)行/處于(某種狀態(tài))”,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的持續(xù)性.Canyoukeeptheclockgoing?(2012福建)ChinarecentlytighteneditswaterscontrolsneartheHuangyanIslandtopreventChinesefishingboatsfrom_______intheSouthChinaSea.AattackingBhavingattackedCbeingattackedDhavingbeenattacked.解析：含介詞的固定句式：prevent/stop/keepsb./sth.fromdoing阻止……做……spend/wastetimeormoneyindoing在做……方面花費(fèi)/浪費(fèi)時(shí)間或金錢(qián)havesomedifficulty/troubleindoing在做……方面有些困難haveahardtimeindoingsth.做某事很艱難thereisnosenseindoing做……是沒(méi)有理由/道理的(2012上海)WhenPeterspeaksinpublic,healwayshavetrouble______therightthingstosay.AthinkingofBtothinkofCthoughtofDthinkof看看下列句子中現(xiàn)在分詞作什么成分？(2012天津)Hegotuplateandhurriedtohisoffice,_________thebreakfastuntouched.AleftBtoleaveCleavingDhavingleft解析：-ing形式表示的結(jié)果，是伴隨謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的發(fā)生而產(chǎn)生的自然結(jié)果（同時(shí)發(fā)生），謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作是因果關(guān)系。(2012全國(guó))Tonylentmethemoney,________thatI’ddoasmuchforhim.AhopingBtohopeChopedDhavinghoped解析：本題考查-ing形式作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。在表示時(shí)間、讓步、方式或伴隨情況時(shí)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若與句子主語(yǔ)在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用-ing形式，若與句子主語(yǔ)在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用-ed形(2012江蘇)________animportantdecisionmoreonemotionthanonreason,youwillregretitsoonerorlater.ABasedBBasingCBaseDTobase(2012陜西)_______inalongqueue,wewaitedforthestoretoopentobuyanewiPad.AStandingBTostandCStoodDStand解析：本題考查-ing形式作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。在表示時(shí)間、讓步、方式或伴隨情況時(shí)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若與句子主語(yǔ)在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用-ing形式，若與句子主語(yǔ)在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用-ed形(2012福建)Pressedfromhisparents,and_______thathehaswastedtoomuchtime,theboyisdeterminedtostopplayingvideogames.ArealizingBrealizedCtorealizeDbeingrealized(2013重慶）WhenIwaslittle,mymotherusedtositbymybed,_____mestoriestillIfellasleep.A.havingtoldB.tellingC.toldD.totell(2013北京）_____thecourseverydifficult,hedecidedtomovetoalowerlevel.A.FindB.FindingC.TofindD.Found(2013江蘇）LionelMessi,_____therecordforthemostgoalsinacalendaryear,isconsideredthemosttalentedfootballplayerinEurope.A.setB.settingC.tosetD.havingset解析：

LionelMessi創(chuàng)下了年度進(jìn)球最多的紀(jì)錄，被認(rèn)為是歐洲最有天賦的足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員。創(chuàng)下紀(jì)錄先于isconsidered發(fā)生，所以選D。(2013湖南）Thesunbegantoriseinthesky,_______themountainingoldenlight.A.bathedB.bathingC.tohavebathedD.havingbathed(2013四川）_____whichuniversitytoattend,thegirlaskedherteacherforadvice.A.NotknowingB.KnowingnotC.NotknownD.Knownnot解析：（因?yàn)椋┎恢酪夏乃髮W(xué)，這個(gè)女孩便征求老師的意見(jiàn)。分詞的否定式為“not+現(xiàn)在分詞/過(guò)去分詞”.主語(yǔ)thegirl與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以選A。(2013課標(biāo)）Igottotheofficeearlierthatday,_______the7:30trainfromPaddington.A.caughtB.tohavecaughtC.tocatchD.havingcaught4.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)

現(xiàn)在分詞可在句中作時(shí)間、原因、條件、結(jié)果,讓步、伴隨或方式等狀語(yǔ)。1)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),可以表示三個(gè)時(shí)間概念A(yù).表示和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,相當(dāng)于“assoonas”引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句Hearingthegoodnews,hejumpedupwithjoy.=Assoonasheheardthegoodnews,hejumpedupwithjoy.=Onhearingthegoodnews,hejumpedupwithjoy.B.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在分詞動(dòng)作的過(guò)程中,表示”在做某事期間”相當(dāng)于由when/while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.=When/While

Iwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.=When/While

walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.

C.如果分詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前,分詞就要用完成時(shí)。如:Havingdonehishomework,theboywentouttoplay.Havingwrittenhiscomposition,hebegantodohismathshomework.2)作原因狀語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于由because/as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句。A.和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.=Because/Ashewasill,hedidn’tgo…Notknowingwhattodonext,hewenttohisteacherforadvice.=Because/Ashe_____________whattodonext,hewentto…didn’tknowB.如果分詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前,分詞就要用完成時(shí)。Havingseenthefilmmanytimes,hedidn’tgotoseeitlastnight.3)作條件狀語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句(If)Usingyourhead,youwillfindaway.=Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindaway.

4)作讓步狀語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于由although/though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句Although/Though

gettingupearly,hewaslateforthemeeting.=Although/Though________early,hewaslateforthemeeting.hegotup5)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)(方式狀語(yǔ)),表示同謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,相當(dāng)于由并列連詞連接的兩個(gè)并列動(dòng)作。Theysatthereonthestone,_____witheachother.=Theysatthereonthestoneand_______witheachother.talkingtalked6)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ),現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作同謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。Themotherdied,leavingfivechildrenbehind.Theyfiredattheenemy,killingtwo.

現(xiàn)在分詞無(wú)論作何種狀語(yǔ),它的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須是句子的主語(yǔ),句子的主語(yǔ)可能是分詞動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,句子的主語(yǔ)也可能是分詞動(dòng)作的承受者。但在一些表示說(shuō)話(huà)者態(tài)度的固定表達(dá)方式中,分詞短語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)和句子的主語(yǔ)是不一致的。這種結(jié)構(gòu)常見(jiàn)的有:1)generally/strickly/+speaking2)Judgingfrom…/talkingof…/allowingfor..3)Consideringthat…/seeingthat…/supposingthat…注意：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)的幾個(gè)特性。①時(shí)間性。與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，用一般時(shí)，如發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前時(shí)則用完成式havingdone。②語(yǔ)態(tài)性。與句子的主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系，是主謂關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。③人稱(chēng)一致性。分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的_____主語(yǔ)。1.______theprogram,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.NotcompletingNotcompletedC.NotcompletingD.Nothavingcompleted（原因狀語(yǔ)）高考點(diǎn)擊Practice2．Themanager,_______itcleartousthathedidn’tagreewithus,leftthemeetingroom.（時(shí)間或伴隨狀語(yǔ)）A．whohasmade B．havingmadeC．made D．making3．Thestormleft,______alotofdamagetothisarea.（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)）A．caused B．tohavecausedC．tocause D．havingcaused4．______fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld.（原因狀語(yǔ)）A．Beingseparated B．Havingseparated C．HavingbeenseparatedD．Tobeseparated5.(2013江蘇）Shortlyaftersufferingfromamassiveearthquakeand_____toruins,thecitytookonanewlook.A.reducingB.reducedC.beingreducedD.havingreduced(2013福建）_______basicfirst-aidtechniqueswillhelpyourespondquicklytoemergencies.A.KnownB.HavingknownC.KnowingD.Beingknown本題考查動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)（2013浙江）____howothersreacttothebookyouhavejustreadcreatesanaddedpleasure.A.HearingB.HearC.HavingheardD.Tobehearing解析：聆聽(tīng)別人對(duì)你剛才所讀的書(shū)的反應(yīng)會(huì)增加額外的樂(lè)趣。本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)。B項(xiàng)為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，不能作主語(yǔ)；本句介紹一個(gè)事實(shí)，故排除C，D兩項(xiàng)；所以答案為A。_____tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone’sskin.A.ExposeB.HavingexposedC.BeingexposedD.Afterbeingexposed

.

（二）過(guò)去分詞(1).過(guò)去分詞的語(yǔ)法形式過(guò)去分詞無(wú)人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化,也沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。(done)(2)、過(guò)去分詞的句法功能具有形容詞和副詞的特征,可充當(dāng)成分:表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ)1.過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞,說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)。如，Heisgone.Theglassisbroken.Hewaslostinthought.Theyweredeeplymoved.

注意:被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)形式都是be+過(guò)去分詞。這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)的主要區(qū)別是:被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,而系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示的是主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)或狀態(tài)。Thecupwasbrokenbymylittlebrother.(被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu))Thecupisbroken.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))看看下列句子中過(guò)去分詞作什么成分？(2012浙江)“It’ssuchaniceplace.”Mothersaidasshesatatthetable________forcustomers.AtobereservedBhavingreservedCreservingDreserved解析:本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)的用法。分詞作定語(yǔ)：被修飾的名詞與分詞是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用-ing形式，是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)用-ed形式。(2012上海)Theclub,______25yearsago,isholdingapartyforpastandpresentmembers.AfoundedBfoundingCbeingfoundedDtobefounded(2013陜西）Thewitness_____bythepolicejustnowgaveverydifferentdescriptionsofthefight.A.questionedB.beingquestionedC.tobequestionedD.havingquestioned(2013湖南）Youcan’tacceptanopinion_____toyouunlessitisbasedonfacts.A.offeringB.toofferC.havingofferedD.offered(2013天津）Insomelanguages,100wordsmakeuphalfofthewords_____indailyconversations.A.usingB.touseC.havingusedD.used2.過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ),它的邏輯主語(yǔ)就是它所修飾的詞,有以下三個(gè)特點(diǎn):A.及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)和它的邏輯主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)的。所表示的時(shí)間概念是完成。

Thebuildingbuiltlastyearcanhold1,000people=Thebuildingthatwasbuiltlastyearcan…B.不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)只表示動(dòng)作的完成。與它所修飾的名詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)關(guān)系。fallenleaves=leavesthathavefallen

aretiredworker=aworkerwhohasretiredtherisensun=thesunthathasrisen

C.有些表示心理活動(dòng)的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ),表面是修飾它后面的名詞,但實(shí)質(zhì)是說(shuō)明當(dāng)事者的心理狀態(tài)。所以過(guò)去分詞與它所修飾的名詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)關(guān)系。Thesurprised

lookshowedthathehadn’texpectedthis.=(Hewassurprisedandhislookshowedhissurprise)Thefather’sloudvoicemadeafrightenedlookappearonhisdaughter’sface.(Thefather’sdaughterwasfrightenedandherfaceshowedherfright.)看看下列句子中過(guò)去分詞作什么成分？(2012四川)Beforedrivingintothecity,youarerequiredtogetyourcar__________.AwashedBwashCwashingDtowash（2013北京）Whenwesawtheroad____withsnow,wedecidedtospendtheholidaysathome.A.blockB.toblockC.blockingD.blocked(2013課標(biāo)）Theymightjusthaveaplace______onwritingcourse---whydon’tyoujusthaveatry?A.leaveB.leftC.leavingD.toleave解析：在寫(xiě)作課程上，他們可能還有一個(gè)名額---你為什么不試一試呢？本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)。賓語(yǔ)aplace與leave(剩下）為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以選B3.過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ),過(guò)去分詞和賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的狀態(tài),表示動(dòng)作的完成。常用來(lái)作感官動(dòng)詞,如:see,lookat,watch,notice,find,observe,listento,hear,smelltaste,feel…和使役動(dòng)詞如:have,get,keep,send,leave,catch…的賓補(bǔ)WhenIwalkedhome,Isawamancaughtbythepolice.Assoonashereturnedhome,hefoundhishousebrokeninto.Hekepthimselfcoveredwithablanket.看看下列句子中過(guò)去分詞作什么成分？(2012重慶)________toworkovertimethatevening,Imissedawonderfultime.AHavingbeenaskedBToaskCHavingaskedDTobeasked(2012安徽)When_______forhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingandrewarding.AaskingBaskedChavingaskedDtobeasked(2013安徽）_____intheearly20thcentury,theschoolkeepsoninspiringchildren’sloveofart.A.TofoundB.FoundingC.FoundedD.Havingfounded4.過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞可在句中作時(shí)間、條件、原因、讓步,方式或伴隨情況等狀語(yǔ)。過(guò)去分詞無(wú)論作何種狀語(yǔ),它的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須是句子的主語(yǔ),而且存在著邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系.1)做時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ),通常放在句首。Seenfromthetopofthehill,thetownlooksevenmorebeautiful.=Ifthetownisseenfromthetopofthehill,thetown…=Whenthetownisseenfromthetopofthehill,thetown…2)作原因狀語(yǔ)Deeplymovedbythestory,thechildrenbegantocry.=As/Becausetheyweredeeplymovedbythestory,thechildren….3)作讓步狀語(yǔ)Seriouslywounded,hestillkeptonfighting.=Although/Thoughhewasseriouslywounded,hestillkept….4)作方式或伴隨情況狀語(yǔ)Shewalkedoutofthehouse,followed

byherlittledaughter.=Shewalkedoutofthehouse,andwasfollowedbyherlittledaughter.Hesatthere,lostinthought.=Hesatthere,andwaslostinthought.

1._______moreattention,thetreecouldhavegrownbetter.（條件狀語(yǔ)）

A.Given

B.Togive

C.Giving

D.Havinggiven.2.Thefirsttextbooks________forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury（定語(yǔ)）

A.havingwrittenB.tobewritten

C.beingwritten

D.writtenPractice高考點(diǎn)擊________inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.（原因）

A.Losing

B.Havinglost

C.Lost

D.Tolose

.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce________nothingcanbedonetochangeit.（條件）

begins

B.havingbegunC.beginning

D.begun

Thisisoneoftheproblems____atthemeetingatpresent.A.discussedB.discussingC.tobediscussedD.beingdiscussed.Thefirsttextbooks_____forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguage,wereproducedinthe16thcentury.A.writtenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.havingwrittenTheproblem_____tomorrowhassomethingtodowithourdailylife.A.discussedB.beingdiscussedC.tobediscussedD.beendiscussed

Thechild___byhisfatherlefthomeyesterday.A.havingbeenpunishedB.tobepunishedC.punishedD.whohasbeenpunished

現(xiàn)在分詞的完成（被動(dòng)）式一般只用作狀語(yǔ)，不用作定語(yǔ)

Thecaptainwasthelastone_____thesinkingship.A.toleaveB.leavingC.leftD.tohaveleft.解析；當(dāng)thefirst/thesecond…thelast(one)作名詞中心詞時(shí)，其后的定語(yǔ)習(xí)慣上用不定式，不用分詞。IfyougotoXi’an,you’llfindthepalacestheremoremagnificentthancommonly_____.A.supposingB.supposedC.tosupposeD.suppose

連詞than,as,once,if,unless,though,evenif等之后，可以加一個(gè)過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，When_____up,hefelthimself____tothetree.A.hewoke,tieB.waking,tiedC.hewakes,tiedD.waking,tying_____tomakeaspeech,hesaidhewouldbegladto.A.WhenaskedB.WhenaskingC.WhenhewasaskingD.whentoask

(2012遼寧)Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdog________them.AtofollowBfollowingCfollowedDfollows解析：在with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)theirpetdog與follow是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用-ing形式。不定式常常表示將來(lái)要發(fā)生的事情。一、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成形式1、邏輯主語(yǔ)+V-ing這種構(gòu)成形式內(nèi)部的邏輯主語(yǔ)是分詞的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者，分詞表示的動(dòng)作不是整句主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的動(dòng)作，而是其邏輯主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的動(dòng)作。如：

1).________nobus,wehadtowalkhome.A.TherebeingB.BeingC.HavingbeenD.Therewas2)_______nobus,wehadtowalkhome.A.AstherebeingB.AstherewasC.BeingD.Therewas3)_______Sunday,thelibrarydoesn'topen.A.BeingB.TherebeingC.ItbeingD.Havingbeen4)______Sunday,thelibrarydoesn'topen.A.AsitbeingB.BeingC.ItisD.Asitis2、邏輯主語(yǔ)+V-ed該構(gòu)成形式內(nèi)部的邏輯主語(yǔ)是分詞的動(dòng)作承受者。1)_________,thetrainstarted.A.ThesignalgivenB.GivingthesignalC.ThesignalbeinggivenD.Thesignalgiving2)__________,thetrainstarted.A.AfterhavinggiventhesignalB.AfterthesignalgivenC.GivingthesignalD.Afterthesignal

wasgiven3、邏輯主語(yǔ)+形容詞（副詞）該結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)未帶動(dòng)詞的“主—系—表”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：1)___________,thepatientcanleavethehospital.A.BetterconditionsB.ConditionsbetterC.ConditionsarebetterD.Beingbetterconditions2)_________,thepatientcanleavethehospital.A.IfbetterconditionsB.IfconditionsbetterC.IfconditionsarebetterD.Beingbetterconditions

4、伴隨狀語(yǔ)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)或并列謂語(yǔ)。如：1).Wehavelessonseveryday,________.A.SundayincludedB.SundayincludingC.SundayisincludingD.alltheabove2).Theboyfellasleep,_________.A.caponheadB.withacaponheadC.acap