高中英語語法專題：非謂語動(dòng)詞(2)課件

1.Hestoodthere,tiredfromawholedayofwork,thinkingofawaytoescapefromtheconstructionsite.2.Thenewsconference,tobeheldinthathall,hasalreadybeencrowdedwithreporters.3.HavingreachedtheverypeakoftheEverest,theclimberscheeredagainstthefiercenorthwind.4.Hekeepsbuyingexpensivemaps.Hemusthavemorethan200bynow.5.Iheardthegirlsingingintheclassroom.6.ThemantalkingwithmyfatherisMr.Wang.狀語狀語(賓語)補(bǔ)語定語定語賓語找出下列句子中的非謂語動(dòng)詞（含短語）不能單獨(dú)作謂語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。還可以有自己的賓語和狀語構(gòu)成非謂語短語在句中一起做成分。主要形式：不定式tododoingdonemake主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式一般式完成式進(jìn)行式完成進(jìn)行式(not)tomake(not)tohavemade(not)tobemaking(not)tohavebeenmaking(not)tobemade(not)tohavebeenmade

2.看“_____”上要填的非謂語動(dòng)詞與相關(guān)的名或代詞（多是主語）的邏輯關(guān)系主謂關(guān)系動(dòng)賓關(guān)系

主動(dòng)關(guān)系被動(dòng)關(guān)系todo一般式進(jìn)行式完成式doing一般式完成式done非謂語動(dòng)詞解題一般思路1.分析句子成分，看“_____”上要填謂語還是非謂語towrite tobewrittentobewriting ————tohavewritten tohavebeenwrittenwritingbeingwrittenhavingwritten havingbeenwritten————written非謂語動(dòng)詞的比較作主語的區(qū)別

不定式作主語表示具體動(dòng)作Itisnotverygoodforyoutosmokesomuch.

你抽這么多煙對(duì)你身體很不好。(具體)+ing作主語通常表示抽象動(dòng)作；

Smokingisprohibitedhere．這里禁止抽煙。(抽象)

不定式和+ing作表語的區(qū)別（1）不定式作表語一般表示具體動(dòng)作，特別是表示將來動(dòng)作。WhatIwouldsuggestistostartworkatonce.Hiswishistobuyacarinthenearfuture.(2)動(dòng)名詞作表語表示抽象的一般性的行為。Ourworkisservingthepeople.Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.(3)分詞作表語.表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞加上ing變成現(xiàn)在分詞,譯為“令人……的”,加上ed變成過去分詞,譯為“感到…….”Interesting/interesteddelighting/delightedexciting/excitedDisappointing/disappointedTravellingisinterestingbuttiring.Theywereveryexcitedatthenews不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞3作賓語英語中大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞既可跟不定式.但有些動(dòng)詞要求:A只能加不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞:affordagreeappearaskattemptbegchoosedecidedemanddesigndesiredetermineexpectfailHappenhopemanageplanwishpretendrefuseB只能加動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞：admitappreciateavoidconsiderdelayenjoyescapefinishimaginekeepmindmisspermitpractisepreventrisksuggeststandallowadviseforbidneedrequireC有些動(dòng)詞后使用動(dòng)名詞和不定式作賓語的意思差別：forgettodo/forgetdoingstoptodo/stopdoingremembertodo/doingregrettodo/doingtrytodo/doingmeantodo/doingD有些動(dòng)詞使用動(dòng)名詞和不定式意思無差別love，like，hate，prefer，intend，start，continue不定式和動(dòng)名詞3動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語比較（1）有些動(dòng)詞后只跟不定式作賓語，如：want，wish，hope，manage，demand，promise，refuse，pretend，plan，offer，decide，agree，expect等。Weagreed_______here，butsofarshehasn'tturnedupyet．（NMET1995）A．havingmetB．meetingC．tomeetD．tohavemetC（3）有些動(dòng)詞后既可以跟不定式又可以跟動(dòng)名詞，意義上無多大區(qū)別，如：love，like，hate，prefer，intend，start，continue等。Iintendtofinish／finishingthetaskthismorning．注意問題1.有些動(dòng)詞后使用動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的差別

6)meantodo

meandoing

7）goontodo

goondoing

打算，有意要…意味著繼而（去做另外一件事情）繼續(xù)（原先沒有做完的事情）（4）有些動(dòng)詞后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟動(dòng)名詞，但意義上有區(qū)別，如：forget，remember，mean，regret，stop，try等。—Thelightintheofficeisstillon．—Oh，Iforgot_______．（MET1991）A．turningitoffB．turnitoffC．toturnitoffD．havingturneditoff—Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting．—Well，nowIregret_______that．（NMET1995）A．todoB．tobedoingC．tohavedoneD．havingdoneCD做賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別有些使役動(dòng)詞及感官動(dòng)詞后如let,make,have,hear,see,feel,notice,watch,observe等

動(dòng)詞不定式只說明賓語的一個(gè)動(dòng)作,賓語與動(dòng)詞不定式是主動(dòng)關(guān)系Justthenheheardsomeonesinginthenextroom.現(xiàn)在分詞說明賓語的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，賓語與現(xiàn)在分詞是主動(dòng)關(guān)系Thenheheardsomeonesinginginthenextroom.過去分詞說明賓語與過去分詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系Hehadhisbikerepairedyesterday.Hefoundhiswatchstolen.不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞

作賓補(bǔ):Wesawtheteacher___________________.（做實(shí)驗(yàn)）

I’veneverheardthesong______________(用英語唱）doingtheexperimentsunginEnglish4作定語不定式作定語。A不定式與其所修飾的名詞是主謂關(guān)系。例：Hewasthelastonetoleaveschoolyesterday.ThetraintoarrivewasfromLondon.B不定式與其所修飾的名詞是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。

Gethimsomethingtoeat.Shehasalotofworktodointhemorning.C不及物動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的不定式做定語，要加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~和被修飾的名詞形成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。這里的介詞不能省去。Ineedapentowritewith.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞跳舞的女孩被毀的房屋下落的樹葉落葉AfallingleafThereisariver

aroundourschool（run).Thewatch

nowishers(repair).Heisateacher

byallhisstudents(like).Americaisa

country(develop).runningbeingrepairedlikeddevelopedadancinggirlAfallenleaf（過去分詞表完成）現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)Adestroyedhouse過去分詞表被動(dòng)現(xiàn)在分詞表進(jìn)行做定語的區(qū)別不定式表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,Thebuilding_____________nextmonthisourlibrary.現(xiàn)在分詞表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,

Thebuilding____________nowisourlibrary.過去分詞表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.Thebuilding______lastyearisourlibrary.不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞tobebuiltbeingbuiltbuilt分詞作狀語與主語的關(guān)系Not_________whattodo,hewenttohisparentsforhelp.(know)_________fromthehill,thetownlooksverybeautiful

.(see)分詞作狀語時(shí)前面可用連詞When,while,once,if,unless,though等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，若其主語與句子主語相同時(shí)，可保留該連接詞，其余部分則簡(jiǎn)化為分詞短語。

Whilewalkingalongthestreetearlyinthemorning,hesawher.Onceseen,itwillneverbeforgotten.Eventhoughgiveneverychance,theywouldnottry.knowingSeen表目的：

Heworkeddayandnighttogetthemoney.Shesoldherhairtobuythewatchchain.

注意不定式作狀語放于句首時(shí)，不定式的邏輯主語與句子主語要一致：

Tosavemoney,everymeanshasbeentried.Tosavemoney,hehastriedeverymeans.

TolearnEnglishwell,adictionaryisneeded.TolearnEnglishwell,heneedsadictionary.4)Thestudentswentoutoftheclassroom,________________（說說笑笑）

Heenteredtheroom,_________________(后面跟著女朋友）．talkingandlaughingfollowedbyhisgirlfriend因?yàn)樗×耍运麤]有上學(xué)。

Ashewasill,hedidn’tgotoschool.=Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.因?yàn)樗麄兿Ｍ軌虻玫侥愕闹С?，所以給你寫了一封信。

Astheyhopedtogetyoursupport,theywroteyoualetter.=Hopingtogetyoursupport,theywroteyoualetter.

_______moreattention，thetreescouldhavegrownbetter．（MET1990）A．GivenB．TogiveC．GivingD．HavinggivenA

動(dòng)詞不定式的幾個(gè)重要時(shí)態(tài)1不定式的完成式常在動(dòng)詞appear,happen,pretend,seem等之后體現(xiàn)它所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前。Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.Sheseemedtohaveforgottenherpromise.Hepretendedtohavereadthebook.2,但在be,wish,intend,mean,plan,hope,expect,should或wouldlike等動(dòng)詞之后，則表示沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的行為。Heplannedtohavegoneabroad.Ihopedtohaveseenher.Iwouldliketohavehadyourhelp.Theenemyexpectedtohavefoundhim.Iintendedtohavefinishedmyworklastnight.Weweretohavesailednextmorning.他原計(jì)劃出國。（但他沒有去）我們本定于第二天早上啟航不定式進(jìn)行式和完成進(jìn)行式不定式進(jìn)行式表示其主要謂語動(dòng)詞所代表的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式所表示的動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生；不定式完成進(jìn)行式表示其動(dòng)詞所代表的動(dòng)作，在主要謂語動(dòng)詞所代表的動(dòng)作之前一直在進(jìn)行。Whenhecamein,Ihappenedtobedoingmyexperimentinthelab.Theyaresaidtohavebeenquarrellingmanyyears.不定式的被動(dòng)式：Hewantedthelettertobetypedatonce.Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.3.有時(shí)“with(without)+名詞（或代詞賓格）+分詞的結(jié)構(gòu)表示伴隨狀況的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。

eg.1)Withhishomeworkfinishedaheadoftime,hebegantoplaycomputer.2)Hefellasleepwiththelampburning.

非謂語動(dòng)詞中的句型

1）Doing...+v.Seeingisbelieving.眼見為實(shí)。

2)Itis+nouse/good(fun,agreatpleasure,awasteoftime,...)等名詞+doingsth.

Itisnousecrying.哭沒有用。3)Thereisnouse(good/point/sense/harm)+doingsth

做某事沒用

Thereisnousecryingoverspiltmilk．

4)在want,need,require等動(dòng)詞后,常用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)的意思。例如：

Myhairneedscutting.(=Myhairneedstobecut.)5)在某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)Generally/Franklyspeaking…,Judgingfrom/by…中，分詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致，這種結(jié)構(gòu)只限于為數(shù)很少的幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞

Judgingbyhisdress,hecomesfromawealthyfamily.Franklyspeaking,Idon'tlikehimatall.____lateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingslept2001春季高考第21題

Multiplechoice2.___aletterfromherparents,Lilyisnowlookingforwardto___fromthem.Havingnotreceived;hearB.Notreceived;hearC.Nothavingreceived;hearingD.Receivingnot;hearingV/phrases+ing:appreciate;avoid;can’thelp;consider;enjoy;escape;finish;giveup;imagine;insiston;keep(on);mind;miss…devoteoneselfto;payattentionto;beusedto;getdownto…解析[例2]NMET1999第21題Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake.B因?yàn)橹髡Z是thepurpose，在（purpose,wish,promise,plan）后常跟不定式，故表語要用不定式，to不能省略，因此構(gòu)成thepurposeisto…notto…do句型，故選B。I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat___inmyjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expectsB

10.Themissingboyswerelastseen____neartheriver.A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay

11.Thefirsttextbooks____forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written

12.---Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.---Well,nowIregret____that.A.todob.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone

13.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_____.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto

14.---WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?---____hernewbicycle.A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.Becauseoflosing[例3]NMET1997第12題Iwouldlove_____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.havinggoneC.goingD.tohavegoneD常和不定式完成式連用的動(dòng)詞還有：Wouldlove,meant,hoped,planned,expected,promised,wish等例如：Imeanttohavetelephonedyou,butIforgot.[例4]NMET1999第14題Robertissaid____abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyD.tohavebeenstudying

AThepatientwaswarned____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteatC解析

該題考查不定式的否定式作主補(bǔ)。要注意warn后跟詞方式，①

warnsb.nottodosth.②warnsb.againstdoingsth.該題應(yīng)該用①結(jié)構(gòu)。兩外，not應(yīng)放在to之前。

在大多數(shù)的動(dòng)詞可接不定式短語做賓補(bǔ)，只有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞（五個(gè)看see,watch,notice,observe,lookat；三使役make,let,have;二聽listento,hear等）須接不帶to的不定式做賓補(bǔ)。_____inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.ToloseC解析1.該題考查過去分詞作狀語的用法。動(dòng)詞-ing或過去分詞作狀語，其邏輯主語應(yīng)是主語。2.“陷入深思”有兩種表達(dá)法，A.LoseoneselfinthoughtB.belostinthought,按句子提供的語境可用結(jié)構(gòu)B.解析該題考查過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的用法。Theplan與carryout的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。Seesth.done這結(jié)構(gòu)常見的還有watch(notice,observe,have和make)sth.done.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee___thenextyear.A.carryputB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryoutC4.Ithappened_______whenIgotoffthebus.torain B.rainingC.toberaining D.rained5.I’mglad________achance________yourfactory.tohavegiven;tovisitB.tohavebeengiven;tovisitC.togive;tovisitD.tobegiven;visiting6.I_____toschool,only_____thatitwasaholiday.A.hurry;tofindB.hurried;tofindC.hadhurried;findingD.havehurried;finding5.Howaboutthetwoofus____awalkdownthegarden?A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.tobetaking

6.____downtheradio----thebaby’sasleepinthenextroom.A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnedD.Turn

7.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered____thefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented

8.---Imustapologizefor____aheadoftime.---That’sallright.A.lettingyounotknowB.notlettingyouknowC.lettingyouknownotD.lettingnotyouknow9.

Ratherthan___onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers____abicycle.A.ride;rideB.riding;rideC.ride;torideD.toride;riding

10.Themissingboyswerelastseen____neartheriver.A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay

11.Thefirsttextbooks____forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written

12.---Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.---Well,nowIregret____that.A.todob.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone

13.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_____.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto

14.---WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?---____hernewbicycle.A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.Becauseoflosing1.___________blackandblue,theladycouldn’tmove.

A.BeatenB.BeatingC.TobebeatenD.Tobeat

2.Mostofthemen_________tothepartywerefromtown.

A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited

3.WhenIgotback,Isawamessage____tothedoor_____“Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.”

A.pin,readB.pinning,readingC.pinned,readingD.pinned,read

4.Withalotofdifferentproblems_______,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.

A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled

5.Withalotofdifferentproblems__________,thenewly-electedpresidentisverypleased.

A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled

6.___poorinEnglish,I’mafraidIcan’tmakemyself_____.

A.Tobe;understandB.I’m;tounderstandC.Being;understandingD.Being；understood

7.____theroom,thenursefoundthetape-recorder___.

A.Entering;stealingB.Entering;goneC.Tohaveentered;beingstolenD.Havingentered;tobestolen

8.Englishisalanguage______________inmanycountries.

A.spokenB.speakingC.bespokenD.tospeak

9.Ishouldsaysorrytohim.Iregret___________tohelphimthatday.

A.refusingB.torefuseC.refusedD.refuse

10.ProfessorLiisoftenseen___________somethinginhisoffice.

A.towriteB.writeC.wroteD.written

11.Doyoustillremember__________toyourhometowntenyearsago?

A.takenB.totakeC.tobetakenD.beingtaken

12.Sheisnotused_________inthecity.

A.toliveB.tolivingC.tohavelivedD.live

13.Hurryup!Heissure_________usatthegate.

A.waitingB.towaitC.tobewaitingD.tobewaitingfor

14._________everywhere,thewolveshadnowhere_________themselves.

A.Hunting;hidingB.Tohunt;tohideC.Hunted;hidingD.Hunted;tohide

15.Thisisa_________car.

A.useB.usingC.tobeusedD.used

16.When________,icechangesintowater.

A.toheatB.heatingC.heatedD.theyareheated

17.CharlieChaplinisconsidered__________agreatcontributiontothefilmindustry.

A.tomakeB.makingC.tohavemadeD.