(新高考)高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)課時作業(yè)選擇性必修三 Unit 4 Adversity and Courage (含解析)

PAGEUNIT4AdversityandCourageA組·基礎(chǔ)鞏固Ⅰ.語法填空ATodayweknowAntarcticaasanextremeenvironment1.________(contain)iceandsnow.Butnewresearchprovidesevidencethattheareawasverydifferentinthepast,2.________wasfoundinsideapieceofEarthsediment(沉淀物)gatheredbyresearchers3.________undertheseaflooroffthecoastofAntarctica.Inthesediment,they4.________(find)forestsoilestimatedtobeabout90millionyearsoldandthiswouldhavebeenintheCretaceousPeriod,whendinosaurswerethemainland5.________(animal).JohannKlages,whowastheleadwriterofastudyonthefindings6.________(publish)inthejournalNature,saidthesedimentcollectionwasfrom7.________depthofabout30metresbelowtheoceanfloor.Klagessaidanexaminationshowedthatthematerialformedonland,notintheocean.TheresearchrepresentsnewevidenceofthemajorclimatechangesEarthhasexperiencedinthepast—andis8.________(current)undergoingtoday.TheresearcherssaidthattherainforestenvironmentinAntarcticawasespeciallysurprisingbecauseeachyearthearea9.________(experience)afour-monthpolarnightwhenthereisnosunlighttofuelplantlife.Klagessaidnoicesheetswerepresentduringthetime,but10.________(season)snowfallwaslikely.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。研究人員從南極洲海岸附近的海底收集的一塊泥土沉積物中發(fā)現(xiàn)：這些沉積物是在陸地上形成的，而不是在海洋中。1.containing考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句中已有謂語動詞，此處應(yīng)用非謂語動詞。主語Antarctica和動詞contain之間是主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作定語，故填containing。2.which考查定語從句。句中包含非限制性定語從句，先行詞是evidence，在定語從句中作主語，只能用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)，故填which。3.from考查介詞。此處表示“從，來自”，故填from。4.found考查動詞時態(tài)。此處講述研究泥土沉積物的發(fā)現(xiàn)，是過去發(fā)生的事，與上下文時態(tài)一致，用一般過去時，故填found。5.animals考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。animal是可數(shù)名詞，與主語dinosaurs和系動詞were保持一致應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填animals。6.published考查過去分詞。句中findings和動詞publish之間是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)該用過去分詞，表示這些發(fā)現(xiàn)被公布，故填published。7.a考查冠詞。此處指收集的沉積物來自海床下大約30米的深度，adepthof...“……的深度”。故填a。8.currently考查副詞。修飾動詞“undergoing”用副詞，故填currently。9.experiences考查動詞的時態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)句中時間狀語“eachyear”可知，用一般現(xiàn)在時；主語thearea表示單數(shù)意義，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，故填experiences。10.seasonal考查形容詞。此處表示季節(jié)性降雪，修飾名詞snowfall用形容詞，故填seasonal。BTodayIspenttimetalkingtoanoldfriendaboutsomeofthe1.______(choose)thatwehavemadeinourlives.Webothagreethatlifehas2.________(actual)beengoodtous.Andwearevery3.________(thank)forwhatwehavebeenblessedwith.TodayIwouldlikeyoutothinkaboutyourjourneyandwhereyouseeyourselfin4.______nextfiveyears.Doyouseethatyouhavebecomeexactlywhoyousetouttobe?IworkonmygoalsbecauseIamexcitedaboutthatopportunity.However,Idorealisethatsometimeslifecanget5.________thewayofourgoals.Irememberwhenmyfriend6.________(decide)tobuyherfirsthome,shewasreadyandhadeverything7.________(prepare).Butduringthattimeherfatherdiedandshehadtomovehome8.________(help)takecareofhermother.Hergoalwasdelayed,9.________shedidn'tgiveitupcompletely.Andthat'sexactlythekeytothisall.Inordertoachieveyourgoals,youhavetokeepworkingon10.________(they)．【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了如何堅持目標(biāo)并將其實現(xiàn)。1.choices考查名詞。由空前的定冠詞the可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞形式；由空前的some可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填choices。2.actually考查副詞。修飾形容詞應(yīng)用副詞，故用副詞actually修飾形容詞good，在句中作狀語。3.thankful考查形容詞。根據(jù)空前的are可知，空處應(yīng)用形容詞作表語，故填thankful。4.the考查冠詞。inthenextfiveyears“在未來五年內(nèi)”，為固定用法，故填the。5.in考查介詞。getinthewayofsth.意為“阻止某事發(fā)生”，為固定短語，故填in。6.decided考查動詞的時態(tài)。由下文的was可知，此處描述的事情發(fā)生在過去，故用一般過去時，故填decided。7.prepared考查非謂語動詞?！癶ave＋賓語＋賓補”為固定用法，且everything與prepare之間為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作賓語補足語，表示“完成或解決某事”。8.tohelp考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)用不定式表示目的。故填tohelp。9.but考查連詞。根據(jù)語境可知，空處前后句表示邏輯上的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故填but。10.them考查代詞。根據(jù)上文中的goals可知，此處用代詞they的賓格形式。Ⅱ.根據(jù)提示補全句子1.沒有空氣的話，人類將不能在地球上生存。(without構(gòu)成的虛擬語氣)Withoutair,mancouldn't_exist_ontheearth.2.好好養(yǎng)這些花，鄰居們會羨慕你的花園的。(envy)Treattheflowersrightandyourgardenwillbethe_envy_of_the_neighbours.3.我很榮幸在這里和大家交流在高中要學(xué)習(xí)什么的看法。(itis＋n.＋todo)It_is_my_honour_to_be_here_to_share_with_you_my_opinionsaboutwhattolearninseniorhighschool.4.盡管他們遇到了一些困難，但他們并不打算放棄執(zhí)行這個計劃。(abandon)Despitesomedifficulties,they'renotgoingtoabandon_carrying_out_the_plan.5.他在會上提出的建議如此不切實際以至于被立刻駁回了。(so...that...,turndown)Thesuggestionsthatheputforwardatthemeetingwereso_impractical_that_they_were_turned_down_immediately.B組·能力提升Ⅰ.閱讀理解PatPatterson,apilotfor25years,hadnevermetanyonelikethehandsomeyoungmaninthewheelchairwhofacedhimattheMedford,OregonairportonJuly28,1976.MikeHenderson,aquadriplegic(四肢癱瘓者),wantedflyinglessons.Asa22-year-oldCoastGuardsmaneightyearsbefore,Hendersonhadfallenoffadockandlandedonafloatinglog,breakingtwoofhisbones.Doctorssaidthathewouldprobablyneverwalkagain,letalonefly.“Herewasthisdoctortellingmehowitwasgoingtobe，”hesays,“butnoonewasgoingtolimitmyfreedomtotry.”Hendersonparkedhiswheelchairnexttotheairplaneandbegantoclimbupontothewing.Heinjuredhiselbowontheway,andafteragreatstruggle,finallymanagedtopullhimselfintotheairplane'spilot'sseat.Intheflightoffice,PatPattersonwatchedindisbelief.“Hecrawledhiswayupthatwing！”hesays.“Ittookhim45minutes.WhenIwentout,hewassittinginthepilot'sseat,bleedingfromhisinjuredelbowallovertheplace.WhenIsawhimgothroughthatmuchpain,Iknewnothingcouldstophim.”Noweverythingwasuptotheinstructorandthestudent,andtogethertheysetaboutsolvingeachproblemasitarose.AsmallpieceofcarpetgaveHendersontraction(摩擦力)toclimbtheslipperywing.Aheadsetfreedhishandsfromtheradiomicrophone,andthetwomendevelopedamovingbarthatenabledHendersontooperatetheairplanemoreeasily.Threeweeksandeightflyinghoursafterthefirstlesson,HendersonandPattersonhappilyphonedDrStoddard—Henderson'sphysician.Attheairport,asthephysicianlookedon,Hendersonquicklywheeledhimselfaroundtheairplane,doingathorough,professionalgroundcheck.WithPattersonandDrStoddardonboard,hewentthroughhispreflightinstrumentcheck.Minuteslater,enginestarting,theplanerolleddowntherunwayandtookoffintothegraysky.1.WhendidMikeHendersonbecomedisabled?A.Attheageof25.B.In1968.C.Attheageof30.D.In1976.2.WhatdidPatPattersonthinkofMikeHendersonwhentheymetfirst?A.Depressed. B.Experienced.C.Determined. D.Delighted.3.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A.HowPattersonandHendersonovercamethedifficultiestogether.B.HowPattersonhelpedHendersonovercomethedifficulties.C.HowPattersontaughtHendersontoflywithdifficulties.D.ThedifficultiesHendersonfacedbeforeflying.4.Whatdoweknowfromthetext?A.Pattersondidn'twanttoteachHendersonatfirst.B.Hendersonfinallysucceededinflyingalone.C.PattersonwasverystrictwithHenderson.D.Hendersonwentthroughalotofdifficulties.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述的是一位四肢癱瘓的年輕人MikeHenderson向一位經(jīng)驗豐富的老飛行員PatPatterson學(xué)習(xí)開飛機的故事。1.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Asa22-year-oldCoastGuardsmaneightyearsbefore,Hendersonhadfallenoffadockandlandedonafloatinglog,breakingtwoofhisbones.”可知，MikeHenderson是在8年前的一次事故中受的傷；且由第一段中的“onJuly28,1976”可知，PatPatterson與MikeHenderson見面的時間是1976年，可以推出MikeHenderson因傷致殘的時間是1968年。2.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“WhenIsawhimgothroughthatmuchpain,Iknewnothingcouldstophim.”可知C項正確。3.A段落大意題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Noweverythingwasuptotheinstructorandthestudent,andtogethertheysetaboutsolvingeachproblemasitarose.”可知，A項正確。B、C項的中心人物是PatPatterson;D項中的中心人物是MikeHenderson;這三項都沒有突出二人互相幫助、克服困難這一中心思想。4.D推理判斷題。A、C項文中并未提到。由最后一段中的“WithPattersonandDrStoddardonboard”可知，B項錯誤，故選D。Ⅱ.七選五Smartwatchesandfitnesstrackers(健身追蹤器)havegainedpopularityrecently.Thesetoolscanrecordyourdailysteps,heartrates,etc.1Ifyes,itmightbeasignthatyou'readdictedtoyourfitnesstracker.2Ifyoukeepsettingunrealisticdailygoalsthatinvolveworkingoutfortoolong,andifyoubegintoignorefriendsandresponsibilitiestomaketimeforyourworkout,thenyou'remostprobablyaddictedtoyourfitnesstracker.It'sastruggletoovercometheaddictiontofitnesstrackers.3Forexample,thenumberinyoursmartwatchshowinghowfaryou'vecomecangiveyouasenseofachievement.Ofcourse,failingtomeetyourdailygoalcanbediscouraging.Youmightfocusonyourshortcomingsratherthanyourprogress.Anotherproblemisthatyoumightfindyourselfpayingtoomuchattentiontothestepnumberratherthanhowyourbodyfeels.4Therefore,ifyou'respendingtoomuchtimelookingatyoursmartwatch,limityourdailystepcounttoacomfortablelevel.5Forexample,concentratingonyourhobbiesorsocialisingwithfriendscanbeagreatwaytokeepyourmindonotherthings.A.Don'toveruseyoursmartwatch.B.Itdoesn'tconveywhatyou'rereallyfeeling.C.Afterall,reachingadailystepcountcanbesoappealing.D.Howcanyoutellwhetheryou'readdictedtoyourfitnesstracker?E.Actually,thisaddictiontostepcountcanberisky,mentallyandphysically.F.However,doyoufindyourselfcheckingyourstepsandheartratestoooften?G.Besides,youcanfindotherthingstodothatdon'tinvolvecheckingyourfitnesstracker.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章指出了對健身追蹤器上癮的現(xiàn)象，分析了產(chǎn)生的原因、對精神和身體的影響，并給出了一些建議。1.F根據(jù)下一句“Ifyes,itmightbeasignthatyou'readdictedtoyourfitnesstracker.”以及上一句“Thesetoolscanrecordyourdailysteps,heartrates,etc.”可知，此句是一個疑問句，且此處內(nèi)容與“查看步數(shù)和心率”有關(guān)，選項F符合題意。故選F。2.D根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容可知，此處內(nèi)容與“如何判斷你有可能對健身追蹤器上癮”有關(guān)，選項D符合題意。故選D。3.C根據(jù)下一句“Forexample,thenumberinyoursmartwatchshowinghowfaryou'vecomecangiveyouasenseofachievement.”可知，此處內(nèi)容與“查看每天走了多少步是有吸引力的”有關(guān)，選項C符合題意。故選C。4.E根據(jù)上文“Youmightfocusonyourshortcomingsratherthanyourprogress.Anotherproblemisthatyoumightfindyourselfpayingtoomuchattentiontothestepnumberratherthanhowyourbodyfeels.”可知，此句位于段末，且此處內(nèi)容與“對步數(shù)上癮會給精神和身體帶來影響”有關(guān)，選項E符合題意。故選E。5.G根據(jù)下一句“Forexample,concentratingonyourhobbiesorsocialisingwithfriendscanbeagreatwaytokeepyourmindonotherthings.”可知，此處內(nèi)容與“做一些與檢查健身追蹤器無關(guān)的事情”有關(guān)，選項G符合題意。故選G。Ⅲ.完形填空(2020·山東濱州五校聯(lián)考)InJanuarythisyear,afiredestroyedthebuildingthathousedYossiHeiman'sFishMarketinBoroughPark,Brooklyn.The1madeYossiHeimanhavenoplacetooperatehisbusinessandnoabilitytoget2.ThemerchantSheaLangsamownsa(n)3store,justafewblocksaway.Onewouldhave4thatsympatheticashemaybetohiscompetitor'sbadluck,hewouldwelcomethisopportunityto5newcustomersandincreasehisbusiness.6，Sheadidsomethingtrulyexcellent.Whenhelearnedofthefire,he7thephoneandcalledYossiHeiman.Notonlydidhe8himbutwhenheheardYossisayhewouldneedafacilityanddeliver9tohiscustomers,hesaid,“Don'tworry!Whynotjoinmeinmystorebeforeyourstorecouldberebuilt?Asfellowcommunitymembersweallshouldtrytohelpeachother.”SheadidashepromisedandYossi10hislosses.Thestoryiswonderfulandit'sa(n)11ofseeingfellowcommunitymembersaspartofonefamily,puttingneedsofothers12theirownneeds.Businessmenusuallywanttomakemoremoneyorgrowtheir13butthestoryis14：It'satrulysinceredisplayoftruefaithandgreatkindness.Realfaithmeans15othersandhavingaheartofcompassion(同情)andmercylikeShea.1.A.explosion B.battleC.accident D.campaign2.A.attention B.assistanceC.information D.income3.A.similar B.mysteriousC.online D.outdoor4.A.explained B.agreedC.complained D.thought5.A.treat B.acquireC.depend D.give6.A.Moreover B.ThereforeC.Instead D.Though7.A.pickedup B.hungupC.repaired D.provided8.A.doubt B.comfortC.turn D.laugh9.A.service B.spiritC.orders D.notes10.A.held B.checkedC.reported D.cut11.A.example B.reminderC.challenge D.guide12.A.becauseof B.aheadofC.outof D.asfor13.A.duty B.fameC.interest D.business14.A.exceptional B.boringC.ridiculous D.old15.A.respectingfor B.agreeingwithC.takingcontrolof D.caringfor【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述的是YossiHeiman在店鋪遭遇火災(zāi)事故后沒有地方經(jīng)營他的生意，也沒有能力獲得收入。后來他得到了商人SheaLangsam的幫助。這個故事啟迪我們：真正的信仰意味著關(guān)心他人，有一顆像Shea一樣的憐憫之心。1.C根據(jù)空前的“afiredestroyedthebuildingthathousedYossiHeiman'sFishMarket”可知，此處指這次“事故”造成的后果。故選C。2.D根據(jù)空前的“noplacetooperatehisbusinessandnoability”可知，此處指沒有了“收入”。故選D。3.A根據(jù)空后的“store,justafewblocksaway”可知，Shea有一家“類似的”店鋪。故選A。4.D根據(jù)空前的“Onewould”可知，此處指人們會“認為”。故選D。5.B根據(jù)空前的“welcomethisopportunityto”和空后的“newcustomers”可知，此處指“獲得”新客戶的機會。故選B。6.C根據(jù)空后的“Sheadidsomethingtrulyexcellent.”可知，此處與上文是一種轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選C。7.A根據(jù)下文中的“calledYossiHeiman”可知，此處指“拿起”電話。故選A。8.B根據(jù)空后的“hesaid,‘Don'tworry！’”可知，他在“安慰”Yossi。故選B。9.C根據(jù)“deliver9tohiscustomers”，可知，此處指給客戶送“訂單”。故選C。10.D根據(jù)空后的“hislosses”可知，此處指“減少”了損失。故選D。11.A根據(jù)空后的“ofseeingfellowcommunitymembersaspartofonefamily”可知，此處表示這是一個“例子”。故選A。12.B根據(jù)“puttingneedsofothers12theirownneeds”可知，此處指把別人的需要放在“前面”。故選B。13.D根據(jù)空前的“Businessmenusuallywanttomakemoremoneyorgrowtheir...”可知，此處指商人發(fā)展自己的“生意”。故選D。14.A根據(jù)空后的“It'satrulysinceredisplayoftruefaithandgreatkindness.”可知，這是一個“不尋常的”故事。故選A。15.D根據(jù)上下文可知，此處指“關(guān)心”他人。故選D。Ⅳ.語法填空AgrapeseedthatfallsintothesoilofXinjiangisveryfortunateasXinjiangis1.________(well)suitedforgrowinggrapesthananywhereelse.Here,agrapeseedcangrowtoitsfullpotential.Withthehighaltitudes(海拔)，longperiodsofdryweatherandabundantsunshine,Xinjiangproducesfruitswith2.________(extreme)highsugarcontent.Everyfall,alargenumberofgrapesareshippedfromXinjiangtootherpartsofChina,andtherest3.________(make)intoraisinsforeasystorage.InthevineyardsofMoyu,thanks4.________thehotanddryclimate5.________resultsfrombeingsurroundedbythedesert,hugequantitiesoflargeandjuicygrapeswithverythinskinsareproduced.Thesegrapesbringwealthaswellastheirdelicious6.________(sweet)tothelocals.Inmid-September,whentheirSeedlessWhitegrapes7.___