考研考博-英語-天津工程職業(yè)技術(shù)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津工程職業(yè)技術(shù)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Asthemanagerwasawayonabusinesstrip,Iwasaskedto（

）theweeklystaffmeeting.

問題1選項

A.preside

B.introduce

C.chair

D.dominate

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項preside“管理；主持（常與over搭配）”；B選項introduce“介紹；引進；提出”；C選項chair“擔任主席；主持；使……入座”；D選項dominate“控制；支配；占優(yōu)勢”。句意：由于經(jīng)理出差去了，我被邀請……每周員工會議。此處應(yīng)表示“主持會議”，A選項preside應(yīng)與over搭配才表示“主持”，只有C選項符合題意。

2.單選題

Historianshaveonlyrecentlybeguntonotetheincreaseindemandforluxurygoodsandservicesthattookplaceineighteenth-centuryEngland.McKendrickhasexploredtheWedgwoodfirm’sremarkablesuccessinmarketingluxurypottery;Plumbhaswritingabouttheproliferationofprovincialtheaters,musicalfestivals,andchildren'stoysandbooks.Whilethefactofthisconsumerrevolutionishardlyindoubt,threekeyquestionsremain:whoweretheconsumers?Whatweretheirmotives?Andwhatweretheeffectsofthenewdemandforluxuries?

Ananswertothefirstofthesehasbeendifficulttoobtain.Althoughithasbeenpossibletoinferfromthegoodsandservicesactuallyproducedwhatmanufacturersandservicingtradesthoughttheircustomerswanted,onlyastudyofrelevantpersonaldocumentswrittenbyactualconsumerswillprovideaprecisepictureofwhowantedwhat.Westillneedtoknowhowlargethisconsumermarketwasandhowfardownthesocialscaletheconsumerdemandforluxurygoodspenetrated.Withregardstothislastquestion,wemightnoteinpassingthatThompson,whilerightlyrestoringlaboringpeopletothestageofeighteenth-centuryEnglishhistory,hasprobablyexaggeratedtheoppositionofthesepeopletotheinroadsofcapitalistconsumerismingeneral:forexample,laboringpeopleineighteenth-centuryEnglandreadilyshiftedfromhomebrewedbeertostandardizedbeerproducedbyhuge,heavilycapitalizedurbanbreweries.

Toanswerthequestionofwhyconsumersbecamesoeagertobuy,somehistorianshavepointedtotheabilityofmanufacturerstoadvertiseinarelativelyuncensoredpress.This,however,hardlyseemsasufficientanswer.McKendrickfavorsaVeblenmodelofconspicuousconsumptionstimulatedbycompetitionforstatus.The“middlingsort”boughtgoodsandservicesbecausetheywantedtofollowfashionssetbytherich.Again,wemaywonderwhetherthisexplanationissufficient.Donotpeopleenjoybuyingthingsasaformofself-gratification?Ifso,consumerismcouldbeseenasaproductoftheriseofnewconceptsofindividualismandmaterialism,butnotnecessarilyofthefrenzyforconspicuouscompetition.

Finally,whatweretheconsequencesofthisconsumerdemandforluxuries?McKendrickclaimsthatitgoesalongwaytowardexplainingthecomingoftheindividualrevolution.Butdoesit?What,forexample,doestheproductionofhigh-qualitypotteryandtoyshavetodowiththedevelopmentofironmanufactureortextilemills?Itisperfectlypossibletohavethepsychologyandrealityofaconsumersocietywithoutaheavyindustrialsector.

Thatfutureexplorationofthesekeyquestionsisundoubtedlynecessary,shouldnot,however,diminishtheforceoftheconclusionofrecentstudies:theinsatiabledemandineighteenth-centuryEnglandforthefrivolousaswellasusefulgoodsandservicesforeshadowsourownworld.

1.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthormentionsMcKendrickandPlumbmostprobablyinorderto（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,Thompsonattributestolaboringpeopleineighteenth-centuryEnglandwhichofthefollowingattitudestowardcapitalistconsumerism?

3.Inthethirdparagraph,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,aVeblenmodelofconspicuousconsumptionhasbeenusedto（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,eighteenthcenturyEnglandandthecontemporaryworldofthepassage’sreadersare（）.

問題1選項

A.giveexamplesofhistorianswhohavehelpedtoestablishthefactofgrowingconsumerismineighteenth-centuryEngland

B.indicatetheinadequacyofhistoriographicalapproachestoeighteenth-centuryEnglishhistory

C.contrasttheirviewsonthesubjectofluxuryconsumerismineighteenth-centuryEngland

D.supportthecontentionthatkeyquestionsabouteighteenth-centuryconsumerismremaintobeanswered

問題2選項

A.Enthusiasm.

B.Hostility.

C.Ambivalence.

D.Curiosity

問題3選項

A.questioningtwoexplanationsandproposingapossiblealternativetothem

B.contrastingtwothesesandofferingacompromise

C.paraphrasingtheworkoftwohistoriansandquestioningtheirassumptions

D.examiningtwotheoriesandendorsingoneovertheother

問題4選項

A.investigatetheextentofthedemandforluxurygoodsamongsocialclassesineighteenth-centuryEngland

B.classifythekindsofluxurygoodsdesiredbyeighteenth-centuryconsumers

C.establishtheextenttowhichthetastesofrichconsumerswereshapedbytheMiddleclassesineighteenth-centuryEngland.

D.explainthemotivationofeighteenth-centuryconsumersweretobutluxurygoods.

問題5選項

A.dissimilarintheextenttowhichluxuryconsumerismcouldbesaidtobewidespreadamongthesocialclasses

B.dissimilarintheirdefinitionsofluxurygoodsandservices

C.dissimilarintheextenttowhichluxurygoodcouldbesaidtobeastimulantofindustrialdevelopment

D.dissimilarintheirstrongdemandforavarietyofgoodsandservices

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“在第一段中，作者提到了McKendrick和Plumb的目的是為了……”。文章第一段第一句提到“歷史學家直到最近才開始注意到18世紀英格蘭對奢侈品和服務(wù)需求的增長”（Historianshaveonlyrecentlybeguntonotetheincreaseindemandforluxurygoodsandservicesthattookplaceineighteenth-centuryEngland），第二句話舉了McKendrick和Plumb的例子，由此可知這就是注意到這個現(xiàn)象的歷史學家中的兩位，因此選項A“舉例幫助確立了十八世紀英格蘭日益增長消費事實的歷史學家”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章可知，湯普森把十八世紀英國勞動人民對資本主義消費的態(tài)度歸結(jié)為以下哪一種？”文章第二段提到“在正確地將勞動人民恢復到18世紀英國歷史的階段的同時，可能夸大了他們對資本主義消費方式侵蝕的抵抗情緒”（whilerightlyrestoringlaboringpeopletothestageofeighteenth-centuryEnglishhistory,hasprobablyexaggeratedtheoppositionofthesepeopletotheinroadsofcapitalistconsumerismingeneral），句子中opposition這個詞的意思是“抵抗”，由此可知十八世紀英國勞動人民對資本主義消費的態(tài)度是敵對的，因此選項B符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“在第三段，作者主要關(guān)注的是……”。文章第三段第一二句話提到一些歷史學家指出，制造商能夠在一個相對未經(jīng)審查的媒體上做廣告，然而這似乎并不是一個充分的答案（somehistorianshavepointedtotheabilityofmanufacturerstoadvertiseinarelativelyuncensoredpress.This,however,hardlyseemsasufficientanswer），第五句話提到“再次，我們可以懷疑這個解釋是否充分”（Again,wemaywonderwhetherthisexplanationissufficient），以及第六句話提到“難道人們不喜歡將買東西作為自我滿足的一種形式嗎”（Donotpeopleenjoybuyingthingsasaformofself-gratification?），由此可知選項A“質(zhì)疑兩種解釋并且提出一種可能的假設(shè)”符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章可知，一個炫耀性消費的Veblen模型被用來……”。文章第三段第一句話提到“為了回答消費者為什么變得如此渴望去購買這個問題”（Toanswerthequestionofwhyconsumersbecamesoeagertobuy）及后面舉了Veblen的例子可知這個例子是為了解釋消費者購買的動機，因此選項D符合題意。

5.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章可知，18世紀的英國和當代讀者……”。文章最后一段提到18世紀英國對那些實用和瑣碎商品和服務(wù)的貪得無厭的需求預(yù)示著我們的世界（theinsatiabledemandineighteenth-centuryEnglandforthefrivolousaswellasusefulgoodsandservicesforeshadowsourownworld），由此可知選項D“他們對各種商品和服務(wù)的強烈需求是相似的”符合題意。

3.單選題

Housewiveswhodonotgoouttoworkoftenfeeltheyarenotworkingtotheirfull______.

問題1選項

A.capacity

B.strength

C.length

D.possibility

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項capacity“能力、容量、資格”；B項strength“力量、力氣”；C項length“長度”；D項possibility“可能性”；句意：不外出工作的家庭主婦感覺家務(wù)活不能讓她們完全施展自己的能力。worktoone’scapacity“充分發(fā)揮才能”；因此該題A項正確。

4.單選題

1Formillionsofyears,BritainwaspartoftheEuropeancontinent.Ahighridgeoflimestone—nowfamouslyexposedasthechalkycliffsofDover-extendedallthewaytowhatisnowFrance,allowingmammoths,hippopotamiandeventuallyhumanstopassfreelybackandforth.Butabout450,000yearsago,thisrockyroadwascutoffbyafloodofunimaginableproportions.Now,ateamofresearchershasdetailedevidenceofhowthistorrentofdestructionwasunleashed.“They’vemanagedtoidentify...howtheridgewasbreached,”saysgeologistPhilipGibbardoftheUniversityofCambridgeintheUnitedKingdom,whowasnotinvolvedinthecurrentstudy.“I'mquiteenthusiastic.”

2TheideathatenormousfloodsquicklycarvedpartsoftheEnglishChannelwasfirstproposedin1985.Atthetime,geologistAlecSmithofBedfordCollegeinLondonnoticedlarge,interweavingscourmarksonmapsoftheEnglishChannelseafloor.HerecognizedthatthepatternsoferosionresembledthoseoftheChanneledScablands,ahighlyerodedlandscape-stark,barrenandwithlittlesoil—ineasternWashingtonstateinthenorthwesternUS.Thelandscapewasformedbyfloodsfromglaciallakesthatbursttheiricydamsbetween15,000and18,000yearsago.

3SimilarglaciershaveexistedinEurope.Some450,000yearsago,amassiveicesheetspannedScandinavia,reachingdownintonorthernEuropeandmuchofwhataretodaytheBritishIsles.Hemmedinbytheicewasalargeglaciallake.Nooneknowsexactlyhowbigitwas,butitmayhavebeenseveralhundredkilometerswide,anditlikelyfilledthesouthernpartoftheNorthSea.Becausesomuchwaterwasstoredonlandasicesheets,sealevelsarethoughttohavebeenabout120meterslowerthantoday,exposingthebottomofwhatisnowtheEnglishChannel.

4Withthechalkridgeformingadamtothesouth,andtheRhineandotherriversflowingintotheglaciallake,thewaterwouldhavekeptrising.Smithproposedthatthelakewouldeventuallyhavecascadedoverthechalkcliffs.Asevidence,hepointedtolarge,deeppitsatthebaseoftheformerridge—“plungepools”thatwereformedbytheforceofthewaterfallsandlaterfilledinwithsediment.Thescourmarksonthechannelbottomwouldhavebeencarvedbyavastfloodrichindebris.Stillunknownwaswhatunleashedthedeluge.

5Thedramaticideawasthenforgottenformanyyears.“Idon'tthinkmanypeoplebelievedit,”saysSanjeevGupta,ageologistatImperialCollegeLondon.(Smith,whoretiredafewyearsafterfloatinghisidea,diedin2015.)“Ifsmith'shypothesisnowwinsgeneralacceptance,thenthedecadesofdelaywillbeoddlysimilartothedecadesittookfortheoriginoftheChanneledScablandstobeaccepted.WhenthegeologistsJTPardeeandHarlenBretzfirstarguedthatthe

Scablandsweretheproductofashortcatastrophicfloodofhugeproportions,ittookalmostfortyyearstowinovertheirfellowearthscientists.”

6NowGuptaandhiscolleagueshavebroughttheideaofacataclysmicbreakupbackintoseriousconsideration.WithdatafromBritish,BelgianandFrenchresearchvessels,theteamputtogetheraclearpictureofsevenplungepoolsonthechannelfloor(seemapbelow),eachnearlyakilometerwideandupto140metersdeep—evenlargerthanSmithhadestimated.“It'sclearthatthescaleisreallyfargreaterthanoriginallyimagined,”Gibbardsays,“Theplungepoolswereenormous.”

7Thewaterfallspouringfromthelakemighthavebeen50metershighortaller,Guptasays,althoughitisdifficulttoknow.Therelentlesspoundingofthecascadesmayhavespunlargeblocksofstoneinsidethepoolsatthebottom,drillingintothebedrock.Allthisdiggingmighthavefatallyweakenedtheridge,eventuallycausingittofail,GuptaandcolleaguesproposetodayinNatureCommunications.“Ithinkthey’veworkedoutanintelligentaccountofhowthismayhavehappened,”saysKimCohen,ageologistatUtrechtUniversityintheNetherlands,whowasnotinvolvedinthework.

8Itisnotyetpossibletoknowhowlongittookthewaterfallstoerodethechalkridge,Guptasays.Theonlywaytotellwouldbetocollectsamplesbydrillingintothesedimentsthatlaterfilledinthepools.Butthatisatrickyproposition,giventhebusytrafficoftheshippingchannelanditsstrongcurrents,"it’sadangerousareatodogeologicalresearchin,"saysGibbard,notingthatjustgettingthenewsubmarineimageswasanaccomplishment.

9Theimagesalsoclarifytheextentoferosionfromanotherroundofcatastrophicfloodingduringasubsequenticeage.Again,theevidenceissubmerged,becausesealevelismuchhighertoday.Butperhaps160,000yearsago—thetimingisuncertain—hugefloodsdugoutwhatisknownastheLobourgChannel,whichtheimagesrevealedtobeabout10kilometerswideand20metersdeep.Thiswasprobablythefinalbreachoftheremnantsofchalkridge,Guptasays.

10Thesetwindisastersmeanttroubleforancientcommuters.ThisisbecausetheyputtravelbetweenBritainandEuropeatthemercyofsealevel.Previously,whentheseasroseandcoveredthefloorofthechannel,thechalkridgewouldstillhavebeenpassable.Butwhenthefirstcatastrophicfloodtorethrough,Britainwascutoffforthefirsttime.(Ofcourse,whensealevelfellenough,theEnglishChannelwouldhavebeendryagainDespiteamajorriverflowingtothesouthwest,animalsandpeoplecouldpassbackandfortheasily.

11Britainmostrecentlybecameanislandabout9000yearsago.And—nowthattheUnited

KingdomhasofficiallyannounceditsintentiontosevertieswiththeEuropeanUnion--itwillbecomeevenmoreofone.

1.Accordingtotheauthorofthisarticle,Britainhasbeenmoreorlessthegeographicislandthatweknowitastodaysince（

）.

2.TheauthortellsusthatPhilipGibbardwasnotinvolvedinthestudybeingreportedonhere.Hemostprobablydoesthisinorderto（

）.

3.EarlierresearchontheoriginoftheChannelScablandsofeasternWashingtonwaspresumablyusefultoAlecSmithinthatit（

）.

4.Somethingseemstobemissingfromthetextofthisarticleasitisprintedhere.Themissingitemis（

）.

5.IsPhilipGribbardoptimisticaboutthelikelihoodthatwewillsoonknowhowlongittookwaterfallstoerodethechalkridgementionedinparagraphs7-10?

6.Thearticleindicatesthat,thankstothenewdataandimages,Guptaandhisfellowresearchershave（

）.

問題1選項

A.450,000yearsago.

B.160,000yearsago.

C.approximately13,000BC.

D.roughly7,000BC.

問題2選項

A.showthatGibbard’sopinionsshouldbeviewedwithcaution

B.lendgreaterweighttoGibbard'sopinionsandinput

C.distinguishGibbard’srolefromthatofSanjeevGupta

D.makeitclearthatmostgeologistsagreewithGuptaandhisteam

問題3選項

A.helpedhimtorecognizethescourmarksontheflooroftheEnglishChannel

B.indicatedthelandscapethatheshouldwatchforaroundtheglaciallakethatcoveredancientBritain

C.showedhowoldthescourmarksmightbe

D.suggestedwhatkindofeventmighthaveproducedthescourmarks

問題4選項

A.achart

B.amap

C.agraph.

D.atableofprehistoricsealeveldata

問題5選項

A.No,becausethemanyshipsandpowerfulcurrentsintheChannelmakeithazardoustodrillthere.

B.No,becausetheplungepoolscarvedoutbytheancientwaterfallsarenowburiedunderverythicklayersofsediment.

C.Yes,becausesubmarineimagesclarifywhicheventscausedhowmucherosionandwhere.

D.Yes,becausesubmarinescannowprovideextremelyvaluableassistanceinthedrillingoperationsthatwillbenecessary

問題6選項

A.provedthatgeologistswererighttodismisssmith'shypothesiswhenitwasproposed32yearsago

B.conclusivelydemonstratedthecorrectnessofsmith'shypothesis

C.shedafavorablenewlightonsmith'shypothesis,butwithsomanynovelfeatures(especiallythemuchgreaterscale)thatitisnowasmuchGupta’sideaassmith’s

D.revivedinterestinSmithshypothesisandmoveditclosertogeneralacceptance

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。題干問的是:不列顛大約什么時候開始變成我們今天所指的地理島?第11段首指出:Britainmostrecentlybecameanislandabout9000yearsago(不列顛大約9000年前成為了一個島嶼)。據(jù)此推斷,答案為D:大約公元前7000年。

2.作者意圖題。根據(jù)題干定位至第一段:Now,ateamofresearchershasdetailed…study.“I’mquiteenthusiastic.”(一組研究人員詳細地證明了這股毀滅的洪流是如何爆發(fā)的。英國劍橋大學的地質(zhì)學家菲利普?吉布德（PhilipGibbard）說：“他們已經(jīng)設(shè)法確定了……山脊是如何被破壞的?！彼麤]有參與目前的研究。但他說:“我很熱情?！?。這里的ateamofresearchers指的是下文中的Cupta和他的團隊。這里說PhilipGibbard沒有參與目前的研究,D但表明了他的觀點。據(jù)此推斷這么做是為了將他們區(qū)分開來。

3.推理判斷題。第二段指出:1985年,首次提出了巨大的洪水快速雕刻出英吉利海峽的部分地區(qū)的觀點。地質(zhì)學家AlecSmith研究英吉利海峽海底大片交織的沖刷痕,這和華盛頓東部由冰川湖的洪水形成的ChanneledScablands地貌很相似，據(jù)此推測:英吉利海峽沖刷痕可能是同樣的原因（洪水）形成的。

4.細節(jié)事實題。第六段括號處(seemapbelow）見下圖?？芍恼氯笔б环鶊D。

5.細節(jié)事實題。Gibbard說：“在這里進行地質(zhì)研究很危險”。他說，一項成就是獲得新的潛艇圖像。由此可知對于弄清楚瀑布用多長時間侵蝕著白堊山脊，Gibbard并不樂觀，因為海峽里的許多船只和強大的水流使得在那里鉆洞是危險的”。

6.推理判斷題。第六段:NowGuptaandhiscolleagueshavebroughttheideaofacataclysmicbreakupbackintoseriousconsideration(現(xiàn)在，Gupta和他的同事們對（AlecSmith）災(zāi)難性的分裂的想法重新嚴肅考慮)。接下來說根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù),研究小組對在英吉利海峽海底的7個水池進行了清晰的描述。由此可知，基于新的數(shù)據(jù)和圖片，Gupta和他的同事們“為Smith的假設(shè)提供了一個有利的新線索。故選C:為史密斯的假設(shè)提供了一個很好的新線索，但由于有如此多的新特點（尤其是更大的規(guī)模），以至于Smith的假設(shè)現(xiàn)在成了Gupta的觀點。

5.單選題

______beforewedepartthedayaftertomorrow,weshouldhaveawonderfuldinnerparty.

問題1選項

A.Hadtheyarrived

B.Wouldtheyarrive

C.Weretheyarriving

D.Weretheytoarrive

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。根據(jù)時間狀語thedayaftertomorrow，可知講述的是將來，因此從句的謂語動詞可以用動詞過去式，或should+動詞原形，或were+不定式。根據(jù)四個選項可知，此處是省略了if的虛擬語氣，因此選項D符合題意。句意：如果他們后天在我們出發(fā)之前到達，我們將有一個愉快的晚宴。

6.單選題

Aslongasnationscannotthemselvesaccumulateenoughphysicalpowertodominateallothers,theymustdependon（）.

問題1選項

A.allies

B.resources

C.freedom

D.education

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析。句意：只要國家本身不能積蓄足夠的力量來支配其他的人，他們就必須依賴于（）。

allies同盟國；resources資源，物力；freedom自由，自主；education教育。選項A“同盟國”符合句意。

7.填空題

UnemploymentintheWest:Thequestforjobs

Itisnot（1）forpoliticianstoreducetheWest'sfrighteninglyhighunemploymentlevels.

ALITTLFgeographicalimaginationhelpstoconveythescaleofjoblessnessintheWest.Ifthe44mpeoplewhoare（2）inthemainlyrichmembersoftheOECDlivedinonecountry,itspopulationwouldbesimilarto（3）.InSpainitself,whichhastheWest'shighestjoblessrate(21%),thenumberofpeople（4）workmatchesthecombinedpopulationofMadridandBarcelona.InAmericathe14mpeopleofficiallyjoblesswould（5）thefifth-most-populousstateintheunion.Andinthe11m“underemployed”,whoareworkinglessthantheywouldlike,anditisthesizeofTexas.

Thelandscapeisnotuniformlybleak.Germany,forexample,nowhasa（6）joblessratethanbeforethefinancialcrisis.Butinmostoftherichworldthe（7）ofpeopleunemployed,thoughdownabitfromitspeakin2009,（8）stillalarminglyhigh,evenasfearsmountthatseveralcountriesmaybeslippingbackintorecession.Andthehumancostoftheeconomiccrisisispaidlargely（9）thosewhoareoutofwork,forjoblessnessincreasesdepression,divorce,substanceabuseandprettymucheverythingthatcango（10）inalife.

Worse,today'sjoblessnessisaparticularlydangeroussort.Adisproportionateshareofthoseoutofworkarcyoung,andyouthunemploymentleavesmorescars,intermsoflowerfuturewagesandgreaterlikelihoodoffutureunemployment.

【答案】1.impossible

2.unemployed

3.Spain’s

4.without

5.form

6.lower

7.number

8.is

9.by

10.wrong

【解析】1.詞匯題。該處句型為:Itis...forsb.todosth.,因此應(yīng)填入一個形容詞。根據(jù)文章可推測,此處句意為:對于政客們來說，降低西方國家令人為之恐懼的高失業(yè)率并不是不可能。

2.詞匯題?？崭袼趶木錇槎ㄕZ從句,修飾先行詞44mpeople,前句句意為:一張小的地理圖片便能有助于映射出西方國家的失業(yè)情況。因此空格處應(yīng)該指的是“失業(yè)人群”。

3.詞匯題。根據(jù)空格后的“InSpainitself(就西班牙本身而言)”可知,前面涉及的應(yīng)該是西班牙的現(xiàn)狀。這里應(yīng)該指:失業(yè)人口和西班牙人口相一致。

4.詞匯題。此處句意為:沒有工作的人數(shù)與馬德里和巴塞羅那的人口總數(shù)相當。

5.詞匯題?？崭袼诰湟鉃?在美國，官方統(tǒng)計的失業(yè)人口為1400萬，足以……該國的第五大州。因此此處填入form表示“組成”。

6.詞匯題。根據(jù)前句句意“西方這景象也不全是這么慘淡”可推測此處表示:與金融危機之前扣比，德國如今的失業(yè)率卻相對較低。

7.詞匯題。該處表示“失業(yè)人群的數(shù)量”,因此填入number比較合適。

8.語法題?？崭裉帒?yīng)填入主句的謂語動詞。主語是“proportion比例”,而且空格后是副詞和形容詞,所以此處填入系動詞is。

9.固定搭配。Bepaidby由…承擔，由…支付。

10.固定搭配。Gowrong誤入歧途。

8.單選題

Thereisavirtuallimitonhowlongwecanhopetoremainalive,howeverluckyand（）weare.

問題1選項

A.vulnerable

B.rigorous

C.vicious

D.robust

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項vulnerable“易受攻擊的；易受傷害的”；B選項rigorous“嚴格的；嚴厲的”；C選項vicious“惡毒的；惡意的”；D選項robust“強健的；健康的”。句意：不論我們多么幸運、多么……，我們能存活多長時間是有限度的。根據(jù)前面的信息lucky“幸運的”，那么與之并列的形容詞也應(yīng)該為積極的詞匯。由此可以排除A，B，C選項。而后面說到的是remainalive“活著”可以知道應(yīng)該與描述身體的詞匯有關(guān)。因此D選項符合題意。

9.單選題

Thepaintingwasavaluablefamilypossession,whichhadbeen（）fromgenerationtogeneration.

問題1選項

A.handedover

B.handedout

C.handeddown

D.handedacross

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項handover“交出，移交”；B選項handout“分發(fā)，施舍”；C選項handdown“宣傳，流傳下去”；D選項handacross無此搭配。句意：這幅畫是一件珍貴的家財，一直代代相傳。選項C符合語境。

10.單選題

He（）thetheory,thephilosophyandthepatternthatbecamethemodelforLi’sownmilitaryforceslater.

問題1選項

A.furnished

B.decorated

C.polished

D.meditated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項furnish“提供”；B選項decorate“修飾”；C選項polish“使完美，完善”；D選項meditate“冥想”。根據(jù)題干可知，可推測這里應(yīng)當填入一個表示完成的動詞，C選項符合題干內(nèi)容。句意：他……的理論，哲學和模式，成為后來李自己的軍隊的模型。因此C選項正確。

11.單選題

Ican’tworkwithyou（）allthetime.Goaway.

問題1選項

A.steppingonmytoes

B.breathingdownmyneck

C.standinginthegap

D.comingintoyourown

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項steppingonmytoes的原型是steponone’stoes，意思是“觸怒某人”；B選項breathingdownmyneck的原型是breathedownone’sneck，意思是“緊跟著，緊盯著”；C選項standinthegap“挺身阻擋；首當其沖”；D選項comingintoyourown的原型是comeintoone’sown，意思是“進入繁盛期；得到自己該得的東西”。句意：你一直，我不能工作。走開。根據(jù)句意可知，“我”想讓對方走開，那么很有可能是因為對方一直在監(jiān)視自己，所以B選項正確。

12.單選題

Toeverybody’ssurprise,therefereetooka______viewofthefoulanddidnotpunishtheplayeratall.

問題1選項

A.lenient

B.divergent

C.dim

D.cautious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項lenient“寬大的；仁慈的”；B選項divergent“相異的，分歧的；求異的，發(fā)散的；散開的”；C選項dim“暗淡的，昏暗的；模糊的，看不清的；悲觀的，懷疑的”；D選項cautious“謹慎的；十分小心的”。句意：令大家吃驚的是，裁判對這次犯規(guī)很寬容，根本沒有處罰球員。因此A選項正確。

13.單選題

Accordingtothenewschoolofscientiststechnologyisanoverlookedforceinexpandingthehorizonsofscientificknowledge.Sciencemovesforward,theysay,notsomuchthroughtheinsightsofgreatmenofgeniusasbecauseofmoreordinarythingslikeimprovedtechniquesandtools.Inshort,aleaderofthenewschoolcontends,thescientificrevolution,aswecallit,waslargelytheimprovementaninventionanduseofaseriesofinstrumentsthatexpandedthereachofscienceininnumerabledirections.

Overtheyears,toolsandtechnologythemselvesasasourceoffundamentalinnovationhavelargelybeenignoredbyhistoriansandphilosophersofscience.ThemodernschoolthathailstechnologyarguesthatsuchmastersasGalileo,Newton,Maxwell,Einstein,andinventorssuchasEdisonattachedgreatimportanceto,andderivedgreatbenefitfrom,craftinformationandtechnologicaldevicesofdifferentkindsthatwereusableinscientificexperiments.

Thecoreoftheargumentofatechnology-yes,genius-noadvocatewasananalysisofGalileo’sroleatthestartofthescientificrevolution.ThewisdomofthedaywasderivedfromPtolemy,anastronomerofthesecondcentury,whoseelaboratesystemoftenskyputEarthatthecenterofallheavenlymotions.Galileo’sgreatestglorywasthatin1609hewasthefirstpersontoturnthenewlyinventedtelescopeontheheavenstoprovethattheplanetsrevolvearoundthesunratherthanaroundtheearth.Buttherealheroofthestory,accordingtothenewschoolofscientists,wasthelongevolutionintheimprovementofmachineryformakingeyeglasses.

Federalpolicyisnecessarilyinvolvedinthetechnologyvsgeniusdispute.WhethertheGovernmentshouldincreasethefinancingofpurescienceattheexpenseoftechnologyorviceversaoftendependsontheissueofwhichisseenasthedrivingforce.

1.Whatleadstotheexpansionofscienceintermsofthenewschoolofscientists?

2.Whatisthenatureofscientificrevolutionaccordingtoaleaderofthenewschool?

3.Whydoesmodernschoolofscientistspayattentiontotheinventionandimprovementoftoolsandtechnology?

4.Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthelastparagraph?

問題1選項

A.Thecreativeideasofthegreatminds.

B.Thescientificknowledgeofthegeniuses.

C.Theimprovementofordinarytoolsandtechniques.

D.Theneglectedforceinscientificinnovations.

問題2選項

A.Ithelpstoinventaseriesofnewinstruments.

B.Itisactuallytheresultofthedevelopmentofaseriesofinstruments.

C.Itpushesthesciencetowardaparticulardirection.

D.Ithasimprovedthetechniquesininnumerabledirections.

問題3選項

A.Becausetheycanbeappliedinscientificexperiments.

B.Becausetheyaregreatlyadmiredbyscientistsandinventors.

C.Becausetheyareoverlookedbyhistoriansandphilosophers.

D.Becausetheycanbeservedasasourceofbasicinnovations.

問題4選項

A.Thegovernment'sdecisiononitsfinanceallocationisdeterminedbyitsopinionontheprioritybetweenscienceandtechnology.

B.Thegovernmenthasdevelopedpurescienceattheexpenseoftechnology.

C.Thegovernmenthasattachedmoreimportancetotechnologythanpurescience.

D.Thegovernmentwillnolongerincreasethefinancialsupporttopurescience.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文的第一段，“Sciencemovesforward,theysay,notsomuchthroughtheinsightsofgreatmenofgeniusasbecauseofmoreordinarythingslikeimprovedtechniquesandtools.”他們說，科學的發(fā)展與其說源于天才偉人的真知灼見，不如說源于改進了的技術(shù)和工具等更為普通的東西。A選項“偉大思想的創(chuàng)造性思想”，B選項“天才的科學知識”，C選項“普通工具和技術(shù)的改進”，D選項“科學創(chuàng)新中被忽視的力量”。因此，C選項符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段的最后一句，“Inshort,aleaderofthenewschoolcontends,thescientificrevolution,aswecallit,waslargelytheimprovementaninventionanduseofaseriesofinstrumentsthatexpandedthereachofscienceininnumerabledirections.”簡而言之，新學派的一位領(lǐng)袖認為，我們所謂的科學革命主要是指一系列儀器的改進、發(fā)明和使用，這些發(fā)明和使用使科學發(fā)展的范圍無所不及。A選項“它有助于發(fā)明一系列新儀器”，B選項“它實際上是一系列儀器發(fā)展的結(jié)果”，C選項“它把科學推向一個特定的方向”，D選項“它在無數(shù)方面改進了技術(shù)”。因此，B選項符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文的第二段，“Overtheyears,toolsandtechnologythemselvesasasourceoffundamentalinnovationhavelargelybeenignoredbyhistoriansandphilosophersofscience.”多年來，工具和技術(shù)本身作為基礎(chǔ)性創(chuàng)新的源泉在很大程度上被科學史學家和科學哲學家們所忽視。A選項“因為他們可以應(yīng)用于科學實驗”，B選項“因為他們深受科學家和發(fā)明家的尊敬”，C選項“因為他們被歷史學家和哲學家所忽視”,D選項“因為它們可以作為基本創(chuàng)新的源泉”。因此，D選項符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位到文章的最后一段，“WhethertheGovernmentshouldincreasethefinancingofpurescienceattheexpenseoftechnologyorviceversaoftendependsontheissueofwhichisseenasthedrivingforce.”政府是應(yīng)該以犧牲技術(shù)為代價增加純科學的融資，還是反過來增加純科學的融資，往往取決于哪一方被視為驅(qū)動力的問題。A選項“政府對其資金配置的決定取決于其對科學與技術(shù)優(yōu)先地位的看法”，B選項“政府以犧牲技術(shù)為代價發(fā)展了純科學”，C選項“政府更重視技術(shù)而不是純科學”，D選項“政府將不再增加對純科學的資金支持”。因此，A選項符合題意。

14.單選題

Hisheart（）withexcitementashewaswaitingforthereceptionbytheleaders.

問題1選項

A.flapped

B.flourished

C.flushed

D.fluttered

【答案】D

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。flap“拍打,扔,飄動”;flourish“繁榮,活躍,夸耀”;flush“發(fā)紅,使激動”;flutter“撲動,震顫”。句意:在等待領(lǐng)導接見時,他激動得心怦怦直跳。選項D符合句意。

15.單選題

Hisviolentbehaviorsometimesis_______hispersonalityofshynessandself-consciousness.

問題1選項

A.onconditionof

B.inlinewith

C.atoddswith

D.indisguiseof

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項onconditionof“只要”；B選項inlinewith“符合”；C選項atoddswith“與……不一致”；D選項indisguiseof“托辭，假扮成，打著……的幌子”。句意：他的暴力行為有時_______他的個性的害羞和自覺意識。根據(jù)語境，這里指他的暴力行為不會讓人想到他會害羞，所以atoddswith“與……不一致”符合題意。因此C選項正確。

16.單選題

Theworldwillbeadvancingwithsuchgreatspeedthatour____willlookuponusandourtimewithasenseofsuperiority.

問題1選項

A.antecedents

B.descendants

C.predecessors

D.contemp