考研考博-英語-大連東軟信息學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-大連東軟信息學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Although,recentyearshaveseensubstantialreductionsinnoxiouspollutantsfromindividualmotorvehicles,thenumberofsuchvehicleshasbeensteadilyincreasing.Consequently,morethan100citiesintheUnitedStatesstillhavelevelsofcarbonmonoxide,particulatematter,andozone(generatedbyphotochemical,reactionswithhydrocarbonsfromvehicleexhaust)thatexceedlegallyestablishedlimits.Thereisagrowingrealizationthattheonlyeffectivewaytoachievefurtherreductionsinvehicleemissions—shortofamassiveshiftawayfromtheprivateautomobile—istoreplaceconventionaldieselfuelandgasolinewithcleanerburningfuelssuchascompressednaturalgasliquefiedpetroleumgas,ethanol,ormethanol.

Allofthesealternativesarecarbon-basedfuelswhosemoleculesaresmallerandsimplerthanthoseofgasoline.Thesemoleculesbummorecleanlythangasoline,inpartbecausetheyhavefewer,ifany,carbon-carbonbonds,andthehydrocarbonstheydoemitarelesslikelytogenerateozone.Thecombustionoflargemolecules,whichhavemultiplecarbon-carbonbonds,involvesamorecomplexseriesofreactions.Thesereactionsincreasetheprobabilityofincompletecombustionandaremorelikelytoreleaseuncombustedandphotochemicallyactivehydrocarboncompoundsintotheatmosphere.Ontheotherhand,alternativefuelsdohavedrawbacks.Compressednaturalgaswouldrequirethatvehicleshaveasetofheavyfueltanks—aseriousliabilityintermsofperformanceandfuelefficiencyandliquefiedpetroleumgasfacesfundamentallimitsonsupply.

Ethanolandmethanol,ontheotherhand,haveimportantadvantagesoverothercarbon-basedalternativefuels;theyhavehitherenergycontentpervolumeandwouldrequireminimalchangesintheexistingnetworkfordistributingmotorfuel.Ethanoliscommonlyusedasagasolinesupplement,butitiscurrentlyabouttwiceasexpensiveasmethanol,thelowcostofwhichisoneofitsattractivefeatures.Methanol'smostattractivefeature,however,isthatitcanreducebyabout90percentthevehicleemissionsthatformozone,themostseriousurbanairpollutant.

Likeanyalternativefuel,methanolhasitscritics.Yetmuchofthecriticismisbasedontheuseof"gasolineclone”vehiclesthatdonotincorporateeventhesimplestdesignimprovementsthataremadepossiblewiththeuseofmethanol.Itistrue,forexample,thatagivenvolumeofmethanolprovidesonlyaboutone-halfoftheenergythatgasolineanddieselfueldo;otherthingsbeingequal,thefueltankwouldhavetobesomewhatlargerandheavier.However,sincemethanol-fueledvehiclescouldbedesignedtobemuchmoreefficientthan"gasolineclone"vehiclesfueledwithmethanol,theywouldneedcomparativelylessfuel.VehiclesincorporatingonlythesimplestoftheEngineimprovementsthatmethanolmakesfeasiblewouldstillcontributetoanimmediatelesseningofurbanairpollution.

1.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith

（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,incompletecombustionismorelikelytooccurwithgasolinethanwithanalternativefuelbecause:（

）.

3.ThepassagesuggestswhichoftheFollowingaboutairpollution?

4.Theauthordescribeswhichofthefollowingasthemostappealingfeatureofmethanol?

5.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorofthepassagemostlikelyregardsthecriticismofmethanolinthelastparagraphas（

）.

問題1選項

A.counteringaflawedargumentthatdismissesapossiblesolutiontoaproblem

B.reconcilingcontradictorypointsofviewaboutthenatureofaproblem

C.identifyingthestrengthsofpossiblesolutionstoaproblem

D.discussingaproblemandarguinginfavorofonesolutiontoit

問題2選項

A.thecombustionofgasolinereleasesphotochemicallyactivehydrocarbons.

B.thecombustionofgasolineinvolvesanintricateseriesofreactions.

C.gasolinemoleculeshaveasimplemolecularstructure.

D.gasolineiscomposedofsmallmolecules.

問題3選項

A.Furtherattemptstoreduceemissionsfromgasoline-fueledvehicleswillnothelplowerurbanair-pollutionlevels.

B.Attemptstoreducethepollutionsthatanindividualgasoline-fueledvehicleemitshavebeenlargelyunsuccessful.

C.Fewseriousattemptshavebeenmadetoreducetheamountofpollutantsemittedbygasoline-fueledvehicles.

D.Pollutantsemittedbygasoline-fueledvehiclesarenotthemostcriticalsourceofurbanairpollution.

問題4選項

A.Itissubstantiallylessexpensivethanethanol.

B.Itcouldbeprovidedtoconsumersthroughtheexistingmotorfueldistributionsystem

C.Ithasahigherenergycontentthanotheralternativefuels.

D.Itsusewouldsubstantiallyreduceozonelevels.

問題5選項

A.flawedbecauseoftheassumptionsonwhichitisbased

B.inapplicablebecauseofaninconsistencyinthecritics’arguments

C.misguidedbecauseofitsexclusivelytechnologicalfocus

D.invalidbecauseitreflectsthepersonalbiasofthecritics

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.文章第一段最后一句Thereisagrowingrealizationthattheonlyeffectivewaytoachievefurtherreductionsinvehicleemissions—shortofamassiveshiftawayfromtheprivateautomobile—istoreplaceconventionaldieselfuelandgasolinewithcleanerburningfuelssuchascompressednaturalgasliquefiedpetroleumgas,ethanol,ormethanol是本文的主旨句，提出如何來減少機(jī)動車尾氣排放。所以選項C符合題意。

2.文章第二段第三句Thecombustionoflargemolecules,whichhavemultiplecarbon-carbonbonds,involvesamorecomplexseriesofreactions提到大分子的燃燒有著更復(fù)雜的反映，選項B符合題意。

3.題干中出現(xiàn)了airpollution,因此可以將重點放在第一段。第一段主要提及了盡管污染減少，但還是需要有效的方法來改善環(huán)境。第一段最后一句話可以推出選項A符合題意。

4.文章第三段最后一句Methanol'smostattractivefeature,however,isthatitcanreducebyabout90percentthevehicleemissionsthatformozone,themostseriousurbanairpollutant.提到甲醇最吸引人的特點就是會大幅度減少臭氧水平。選項D符合題意。

5.根據(jù)文章第四段第二句Yetmuchofthecriticismisbasedontheuseof"gasolineclone”vehiclesthatdonotincorporateeventhesimplestdesignimprovementsthataremadepossiblewiththeuseofmethanol可知選項A符合題意。

2.單選題

Currentdatasuggestthat,although（）statesbetweenfearandaggressionexist,fearandaggressionareasdistinctphysiologicallyastheyarepsychologically.

問題1選項

A.simultaneous

B.exceptional

C.partial

D.transitional

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意：現(xiàn)有數(shù)據(jù)表明，盡管恐懼和攻擊之間有（）狀態(tài)存在，但是恐懼和攻擊無論是從心理角度還是生理角度來看都是截然不同的。

simultaneous同時的，聯(lián)立的；exceptional異常的，例外的；partial局部的，偏愛的，不公平的；transitional變遷的，過渡。D選項“過渡”狀態(tài)符合句意。

3.單選題

Alandfreefromdestruction,pluswealth,naturalresources-andlaborsupply-allthesewereimportant（1）inhelpingEnglandtobecomethecenterfortheIndustrialRevolution.Buttheywerenotenough.Something

（2）

wasneededtostarttheindustrialprocess.That"somethingspecial"wasmen

（3）

individualswhocouldinventmachines,findnewsourcesofpower,andestablishbusinessorganizationstoreshapesociety.

Themenwho

（4）

themachinesoftheIndustrial-Revolutioncamefrommanybackgroundsandmanyoccupations.Manyofthemwere

（5）

inventorsthanscientist.Amanwhoisa

（6）

scientistisprimarilyinterestedindoinghisresearchaccurately.Heisnotnecessarilyworkingsothathisfindingscanbeused.

Aninventororoneinterestedinappliedscienceis

（7）

tryingtomakesomethingthathasaconcreteuse.Hemaytrytosolveaproblembyusingthetheoriesofscienceorbyexperimentingthroughtrialanderror.Regardlessofhismethod,heisworkingtoobtaina

（8）

result:theconstructionofaharvestingmachine,theburningofalightbulb,oroneofmanyotherobjectives.

Mostofthepeoplewho

（9）

themachinesoftheIndustrialRevolutionwereinventors,nottrainedscientists.Afewwerebothscientistsandinventors.Eventhosewhohadlittleornotraininginsciencemightnothavemadetheirinventions

（10）

agroundworkhadnotbeenlaidbyscientistsyearsbefore.

問題1選項

A.reasons

B.factors

C.situations

D.cases

問題2選項

A.similar

B.else

C.near

D.extra

問題3選項

A.generating

B.effective

C.motivating

D.creative

問題4選項

A.employed

B.created

C.operated

D.controlled

問題5選項

A.less

B.better

C.more

D.worse

問題6選項

A.genuine

B.practical

C.pure

D.clever

問題7選項

A.seldom

B.usually

C.sometimes

D.never

問題8選項

A.single

B.specialized

C.specific

D.sole

問題9選項

A.proposed

B.developed

C.supplied

D.offered

問題10選項

A.because

B.while

C.if

D.as

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

第6題:C

第7題:B

第8題:C

第9題:B

第10題:C

【解析】第1題:考查固定搭配。reason和factor放在這里都符合邏輯，由空格后面的介詞in，可知應(yīng)選factor。reason一般接for或者why引導(dǎo)的從句。故答案B

第2題:考查形容詞辨析。此句句意為還需要一些其他的東西，somethingelse其他的東西，答案B

第3題:考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)空后的“inventmachines…”可知此空應(yīng)填“具有創(chuàng)造力的”，generating產(chǎn)生的；effective有效的；motivating激發(fā)的；creative創(chuàng)造性的。

第4題:考查動詞辨析。句意：在工業(yè)革命中發(fā)明這些機(jī)器的人。故答案B

第5題:考查固定搭配。句意：發(fā)明機(jī)器的人大部分是發(fā)明家，而不是科學(xué)家。more…than…是…而不是…答案C

第6題:考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)“primarilyinterestedindoinghisresearchaccurately.Heisnotnecessarilyworkingsothathisfindingscanbeused.主要對自己的研究感興趣。他不一定是為了利用他的研究成果而工作?！笨赏浦@種科學(xué)家是純粹的科學(xué)家。genuine真正的，真實的；practical實際的；pure純粹的；clever聰明的。答案C

第7題:考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)下文意思可知，usually符合句意。答案B

第8題:考查形容詞辨析。句意：“不管什么方法，他工作目的是獲得特定的某種結(jié)果?！庇煽崭窈蟮呐e例可知他是為了獲得某種特定的結(jié)果而工作。答案C

第9題:考查動詞辨析。句意：工業(yè)革命時發(fā)明了這些機(jī)器的人大都是發(fā)明家而非科學(xué)家。答案B

第10題:考查連詞辨析。句意：即使是那些沒有受過科學(xué)專業(yè)訓(xùn)練的人，如果沒有之前科學(xué)家們做出的基礎(chǔ)工作，他們也不可能發(fā)明這些東西。所以應(yīng)填if。答案C

4.單選題

Theoutlyingislandthatbelongstothis______metropolisisanoasiswheregreenprevailsandtraditionsholdfast.

問題1選項

A.bustling

B.whistling

C.ruffling

D.rustling

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。bustling“繁華的”；whistling“發(fā)出口哨聲的”；ruffling“弄皺”；rustling“沙沙作響的”。句意：屬于這座繁華都市的邊遠(yuǎn)島嶼是一片綠洲，到處都是綠色，傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)格盛行。選項A符合題意。

5.單選題

Awindowinthekitchenwas（

）

;therewasrubbisheverywhereandthecurtainsand

carpetshadbeenstolen.

問題1選項

A.scraped

B.smashed

C.scratched

D.scattered

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。Scrape“刮，擦”；smash“猛擊”；scratch“抓”；scatter“散落”。句意：廚房的一扇窗戶被砸碎了，垃圾散落一地，窗簾和地毯被偷走了。選項B符合題意。

6.單選題

Ilearntthattherearenogenuinely,（

）animalsinthisarea,alltheanimalswerebroughtherefromotherplaces.

問題1選項

A.endangered

B.domesticated

C.indigenous

D.extinct

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。endangered意為“快要絕種的”；domesticated意為“馴化了的”；indigenous意為“本地的，土生土長的”；extinct意為“滅絕的”。由后面的alltheanimalswerebroughtherefromotherplaces（這里所有的動物都是從外地引進(jìn)的）可知前面表示這個地區(qū)的動物不是土生土長的，選C。

句意：我了解到這個地區(qū)沒有真正本土的動物，這里所有的動物都是從外地引進(jìn)的。

7.單選題

Ingeneral,the（

）amountthatastudentspendsforhousingshouldbeheldtoone-fifthofthetotalforlivingexpenses.

問題1選項

A.acceptable

B.advisable

C.available

D.applicable

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項acceptable“可接受的”；B選項advisable“明智的”；C選項available“可獲得的”；D選項applicable“可應(yīng)用的”。

句意：一般來說，學(xué)生在住房上的花費(fèi)應(yīng)控制在可支配的生活費(fèi)的五分之一以內(nèi)。available其后常接介詞for或to構(gòu)成形容詞短語，作后置定語。所以選項C正確。

8.單選題

I’mpleasedtohearofyourjoboffer-allthathardworkatschoolhasobviously（）.

問題1選項

A.paidoff

B.takenitstoll

C.madeadifference

D.shownup

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。A選項paidoff“付清，見成效”；B選項takenitstoll“造成損失”；C選項madeadifference“有影響，有關(guān)系，起作用”；D選項shownup“露面，露出”。句意：我很高興聽到你有工作機(jī)會——很明顯，你在學(xué)校的努力工作（）。而這里表達(dá)的意思是“在學(xué)校的努力起了作用”，因此A選項符合題意。

9.單選題

Findingthecauseofadiseasewillprovidea（

）forresearchonacureforit.

問題1選項

A.prospect

B.incentive

C.spur

D.inducement

【答案】A

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。prospect“前途，預(yù)期”；incentive“動機(jī)，刺激”；spur“刺激，鞭策”；inducement“誘因”。句意：找出疾病的原因是為其治療方法研究提供前景。選項A符合題意。

10.寫作題

InthecourseoftheScientificRevolution,attentionwaspaidtotheproblemofestablishingthepropermeanstoexamineandunderstandthephysicalrealm.Thiscreationofascientificmethodwascrucialtotheevolutionofscienceinthemodernworld.Curiouslyenough,itwasanEnglishmanwithfewscientificcredentialswhoattemptedtoputforthanewmethodofacquiringknowledgethatmadeanimpactonEnglishscientistsintheseventeenthcenturyandotherEuropeanscientistsintheeighteenthcentury.FrancisBacon(1561-1626),alawyerandlordchancellor,rejectedCopemicusandKepletandmisunderstoodGalileo.AndyetinhisunfinishedworkTheGreatInstonararion(TheGreatRestoration),hecalledforhiscontemporaries"tocommenceatotalreconstructionofsciences,arts,andallhumanknowledge,raisedupontheproperfoundations."Bacondidnotdoubthumans’abilitytoknowthenaturalworld,buthebelievedthattheyhadproceededincorrectly"Theentirefabricofhumanreasonwhichweemployintheinquisitionofnatureisbadlyputtogetherandbuiltup,andlikesomemagnificentstructurewithoutfoundation."

Bacon’snewfoundation—acorrectscientificmethod—wastobebuiltoninductiveprinciples.Ratherthanbeginningwithassumedfirstprinciplesfromwhichlogicalconclusionscouldbededuced,heurgedscientiststoproceedfromtheparticulartothegeneral.Fromcarefullyorganizedexperimentsandsystematic,thoroughobservations,correctgeneralizationscouldbedeveloped.Baconwasclearaboutwhathebelievedhismethodcouldaccomplish.Hisconcernwasmoreforpracticalthanforpurescience.Hestatedthat"thetrueandlawfulgoalofthesciencesisnoneotherthanthis:thathumanlifebeendowedwithnewdiscoveriesandpower."Hewantedsciencetocontributetothe"mechanicalarts"bycreatingdevicesthatwouldbenefitindustry,agriculture,andtrade.Baconwaspropheticwhenhesaidthat"Iamlaboringtolaythefoundation,notofanysectordoctrine,butofhumanutilityandpower."Andhowwouldthis"humanpower"beused?To"conquernatureinaction"Thecontrolanddominationofnaturebecameacentralpropositionofmodernscienceandthetechnologythataccompaniedit.Onlyinthetwentiethcenturydidsomescientistsaskwhetherthisassumptionmightnotheattheheartofthemodern

ecologicalcrisis.

【答案】InthecourseoftheScientificRevolution,attentionwaspaidtotheproblemofestablishingthepropermeanstoexamineandunderstandthephysicalrealm.Thiscreationofascientificmethodwascrucialtotheevolutionofscienceinthemodernworld.

Bacon’snewfoundation—acorrectscientificmethod—wastobebuiltoninductiveprinciples.Ratherthanbeginningwithassumedfirstprinciplesfromwhichlogicalconclusionscouldbededuced,heurgedscientiststoproceedfromtheparticulartothegeneral.Fromcarefullyorganizedexperimentsandsystematic,thoroughobservations,correctgeneralizationscouldbedeveloped.Baconwasclearaboutwhathebelievedhismethodcouldaccomplish.

11.單選題

Informationtechnologythathelpsdoctorsandpatientsmakedecisionshasbeenaroundforalongtime.CrudeonlinetoolslikeWebMDgetmillionsofvisitorsaday.ButWatsonisadifferentbeast.AccordingtoIBM,itcandigestinformationandmakerecommendationsmuchmorequickly,andmoreintelligently,thanperhapsanymachinebeforeit—processingupto60millionpagesoftextpersecond,evenwhenthattextisintheformofplainoldprose,orwhatscientistscall“naturallanguage”?

That’snosmallthing,becausesomethinglike80percentofallinformationis“unstructured”.Inmedicine,itconsistsofphysiciannotesdictatedintomedicalrecords,long-windedsentencespublishedinacademicjournals,andrawnumbersstoredonlinebypublic-healthdepartments.Atleastintheory,Watsoncanmakesenseofitall.Itcansitinonpatientexaminations,silentlylistening.Andovertime,itcanlearnandgetbetteratfiguringoutmedicalproblemsandwaysoftreatingthemthemoreitinteractswithrealcases.Watsonevenhastheabilitytoconveydoubt.Whenitmakesdiagnosesandrecommendstreatments,itusuallyissuesaseriesofpossibilities,eachwithitsownlevelofconfidenceattached.

Medicinehasneverbeforehadatoolquitelikethis.Andatanunofficialcoming-outpartyinLasVegaslastyear,duringtheannualmeetingoftheHealthcareInformationandManagementSystemSociety,morethan1,000professionalspackedalargehotelconferencehall,andanoverflowroomnearby,tohearapresentationbyMartyKohn,anemergency-roomphysicianandaclinicalleaderoftheIBMteamtrainingWatsonforhealthcare.Standingbeforeavideoscreenthatdwarfedhislargeframe,KohndescribedinhishuskyvoicehowWatsoncouldbeagamechanger—notjustinhighlyspecializedfieldslikeoncologybutalsoinprimarycare,giventhatalldoctorscanmakemistakesthatleadtocostly,sometimesdangerous,treatmenterrors.

Drawingonhisownclinicalexperienceandonacademicstudies,Kohnexplainedthataboutone-thirdoftheseerrorsappeartobeproductsofmisdiagnosis,onecauseofwhichis“anchoringbias”：humanbeings，tendencytorelytooheavilyonasinglepieceofinformation.Thishappensallthetimeindoctors，offices,clinics，andemergencyrooms.Aphysicianhearsabouttwoorthreesymptoms，seizesonadiagnosisconsistentwiththose,andsubconsciouslydiscountsevidencethatpointstosomethingelse.Oraphysicianhitsupontherightdiagnosis,butfailstorealizethatit’sincomplete,andendsuptreatingjustoneconditionwhenthepatientis,infact,sufferingfromseveral.ToolslikeWatsonarelesspronetothosefailings.Assuch,Kohnbelieves,theymayeventuallybecomeasubiquitousindoctors，officesasthestethoscope.

“Watsonfillsinforsomehumanlimitations，”Kohntoldmeinaninterview.“Studiesshowthathumansaregoodattakingarelativelylimitedlistofpossibilitiesandusingthatlist,butarefarlessadeptatusinghugevolumesofinformation.That’swhereWatsonshines；takingahugelistofinformationandwinnowingitdown.”

1.WhatisWatson?

2.WhichofthefollowingisbeyondWatsoifsability?

3.MartyKohn().

4.“Anchoringbias”().

5.Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Itisapersonwhoaidsdoctorsinprocessingmedicalrecords.

B.Itisanonlinetoolthatconnectsdoctorsoverdifferentplaces.

C.Itisanintelligentcomputerthathelpsdoctorsmakedecisions.

D.Itisabeastthatgreetsmillionsofvisitorstoamedicalinstitution.

問題2選項

A.Talkwiththepatient.

B.Calculateprobability.

C.Recommendtreatment.

D.Processsophisticateddata.

問題3選項

A.gaveapresentationatanacademicconference

B.worksfortheIBMTrainingDivision

C.isashortpersonwithahuskyvoice

D.expressedoptimismforWatson

問題4選項

A.isadeviceubiquitousindoctors，offices

B.islesslikelytobecommittedbyWatson

C.happensinonethirdofmedicaltreatments

D.isawrongdiagnosiswithincompleteinformation

問題5選項

A.WatsonAsAShiningStar.

B.TheRisksOfMisdiagnosis.

C.TheRobotWillSeeYouNow.

D.IBM’sITSolutionToMedicine.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：Waston是什么？由第一段第三句中“itcandigestinformationandmakerecommendationsmuchmorequickly,andmoreintelligently,thanperhapsanymachinebeforeit”可知Waston是能幫助醫(yī)生和病人的智能電腦。因此選項C符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：以下哪項超出了Watsoif的能力？由第一段最后一句中“digestinformationandmakerecommendations”可得C和D選項。根據(jù)第二段最后一句中“itusuallyissuesaseriesofpossibilities,eachwithitsownlevelofconfidenceattached”可得出B選項。因此選項A符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：MartyKohn______。人名定位到第三段。由段尾的“agamechanger”可推出MartyKohn看好Waston。A選項的academicconference與原文不符合，演講是在一次非正式亮相的聚會上進(jìn)行的。MartyKohn是“aclinicalleaderoftheIBMteamtrainingWatsonforhealthcare”，而不是IBM培訓(xùn)部的人，所以排除B選項。由“Standingbeforeavideoscreenthatdwarfedhislargeframe”可知MartyKohn本身不矮小，是對比出的效果，排除C選項。因此D選項符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：“Anchoringbias”________本文第四段提到了“Anchoringbias”，“humanbeings，tendencytorelytooheavilyonasinglepieceofinformation…”，倒數(shù)第二句指出“ToolslikeWatsonarelesspronetothosefailings”，可知Waston不太容易出現(xiàn)這類錯誤。因此選項B符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。題干：下面哪個可能是這篇文章最好的標(biāo)題？本文主要講述了Waston是什么以及它在醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用。因此選項A符合題意。

12.不定項選擇題

Broccoli(西蘭花)ishighinvitaminsandmineralsExtractsofbroccoliandbananamayhelpinfightingstomachproblem,researchsuggests,Laboratorystudiesshowfibresfromthevegetablesmayboostthebody’snaturaldefensesagainststomachinfections.

TrialsareunderwaytoseeiftheycouldbeusedasamedicalfoodforpatientswithCrohn’sdisease.Crohn’sdiseaseisaninflammatoryboweldiseasethatcausessymptomssuchasabdominal(腹部)pain.Itaffectsaboutonein1,000people,andisthoughttobecausedbyamixtureofenvironmentalandgeneticfactors.

Theconditioniscommonindevelopedcountrieswheredietsareoftenlowinfibreandhighinprocessedfood,ScientistsattheUniversityofLiverpoollookedathowroughagefromvegetablesinfluencedthepassageofharmfulbacteriathroughcellsinsidethegut.Theyfoundthatfibresfromtheplantain,atypeoflargebanana,andbroccoliwereparticularlybeneficial.Butacommonstabilizeraddedtoprocessedfoodsduringthemanufacturingprocesshadtheoppositeeffect.

Dr.BarryCampbell,fromtheUniversityofLiverpool,said:“Thisresearchshowsthatdifferentdietarycomponentscanhavepowerfuleffectsonthemovementofbacteriatroughthebowel.Wehaveknownforsometimethegeneralhealthbenefitsofeatingplantainandbroccoli,whicharebothhighinvitaminsandminerals,butuntilnowwehavenotunderstoodhowtheycanboostthebody’snaturaldefensesagainstinfectioncommoninCrohn’spatients.Ourworksuggeststhatitmightbeimportantforpatientswiththisconditiontoeathealthilyandlimittheirintakeofprocessedfoods.”

TheresearchpublishedinthejournalGutandcarriedoutincollaborationwithexpertsinSwedenandScotland,investigatedspecialcells,calledM-cells,whichlinethegutandwardoffinvadingbacteria.Workwascarriedoutinlaboratory-growncellsandtissuesamplesfrompatientsundergoingsurgeryforstomachproblems.Clinicaltrialsarenowunderwayin76Crohn’spatientstofindoutwhetheramedicalfoodcontainingplantainfibrescouldhelpkeepthediseaseatbay.“ItmaybethatitmakessenseforsufferersofCrohn’stotakesupplementsofthesefibrestohelppervertdeterioration,”saidProfessorJonRhodesoftheUniversityofLiverpool.

Commentingonthestudy,aspokespersonforCrohn’sandColitis,whichrepresentspatientswithinflammatoryboweldisorders,welcomedfurtherinsightintohowthegutcombatsbacterialikeE.Coll.“KnowledgeoftheM-cellroleoffersamoredetailedexplanationastowhyahealthydietcanimprovethehealthandwellbeingforpeoplewithCrohn’sdiseaseandhealthyindividualsalike,”shesaid.

26.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

27.WhydopeopleindevelopedcountriessuffermostfromCrohn’sdisease?

28.AccordingtoDr.BarryCampbellwhatisstillNOTunderstoodabouteatingplantain?

29.WhatistheaimoftrialsonCrohn’ssufferers?

30.WhatdidexpertssayonthediscoveryofM-cells?

問題1選項

A.Fibresinbroccoliandplantainhelpreducestomachinfections.

B.Broccoliextractsdecreasenaturaldefenses.

C.Howprocessedfoodsdoharmtobodyhealth.

D.Howexpertscommentonbroccolinutrition.

問題2選項

A.Becausetheintakeofvegetablesislessthandailyrecommendation.

B.Becausetheprocessedfoodreducesthefibreneededindigestion.

C.Becausetheydonotlikefoodlowinfibre.

D.Becausetheyprefertoeathighcaloriesfood.

問題3選項

A.Howtoimprovebody’snaturaldefensesagainststomachinfection.

B.Howtolimitpeople’sintakeofprocessedfood.

C.Howtogainvitamins,mineralsandfibreforhealth.

D.Howtoreconfirmgeneralhealthbenefits.

問題4選項

A.Theaimistoencouragepeopletoeathighfibrefood.

B.Theaimistoproducehighfibresupplements.

C.Theaimistoprovetheeffectofplantainfibrefood.

D.Theaimistoimproverecipeofhighfibremedicine.

問題5選項

A.Itgivesfurtherinsightforstomachinfection.

B.IthelpsproveM-cellroletohealthydiet.

C.ItleadsinvestigationforCrohn’sdisease.

D.Itsupportstheinventionofhighfibremedialfood.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】26.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干：文章的主題思想是？文章開頭第一句話就表明了文章主旨Laboratorystudiesshowfibresfromthevegetablesmayboostthebody’snaturaldefensesagainststomachinfections.（實驗室研究表明，蔬菜中的纖維可以增強(qiáng)人體對胃部感染的自然防御能力。），因此A選項“西蘭花和大蕉中的纖維有助于減少胃部感染”，符合題意；B選項“西蘭花提取物會降低自然防御能力”，和文章表達(dá)的意思相反，故排除；文章第三段提到發(fā)達(dá)國家的人患克羅恩氏病的概率高是因為日常飲食含纖維少，而加工食品含量高，但也沒有詳細(xì)說明加工食品如何損害身體健康，故C選項“加工食品如何損害身體健康”，屬于無中生有選項，排除；D選項“專家如何評價西蘭花的營養(yǎng)”，全文是在講蔬菜中的纖維，以及專家對其研究，D選項不夠全面，故排除。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是A選項。

27.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：為什么發(fā)達(dá)國家的人最容易患克羅恩病？由題干定位到文章第三段第一句話Theconditioniscommonindevelopedcountrieswheredietsareoftenlowinfibreandhighinprocessedfood.（這種情況在發(fā)達(dá)國家很常見，那里的飲食通常纖維含量低，加工食品含量高。），因此B選項“因為加工食品減少了消化所需的纖維”，符合題意；A選項“因為蔬菜的攝入量低于每日推薦量”，文章并沒有提及每日推薦的蔬菜攝入量是多少，屬于無中生有選項，故排除；C選項“因為他們不喜歡低纖維的食物”和D選項“因為他們喜歡吃高熱量的食物”，在文中均未提及，屬于無中生有選項。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是B選項。

28.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：據(jù)巴里?坎貝爾博士所說，關(guān)于吃大蕉我們還有什么不理解的呢？由題干定位到文章第四段第二句話Wehaveknownforsometimethegeneralhealthbenefitsofeatingplantainandbroccoli,whicharebothhighinvitaminsandminerals,butuntilnowwehavenotunderstoodhowtheycanboostthebody’snaturaldefensesagainstinfectioncommoninCrohn’spatients.（我們早就知道吃大蕉和花椰菜對健康有好處，這兩種食物都富含維生素和礦物質(zhì)，但直到現(xiàn)在我們還不知道它們是如何增強(qiáng)人體對克羅恩病患者常見感染的自然防御能力的。），因此A選項“如何提高身體對胃部感染的自然抵抗力”，符合題意；B選項“如何限制人們對加工食品的攝入量”，C選項“如何獲得對健康有益的維生素，礦物質(zhì)和纖維”和D選項“如何再次確認(rèn)一般健康福利的益處”，和吃大蕉并沒有直接聯(lián)系，故排除。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是A選項。

29.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：對克羅恩病患者進(jìn)行試驗的目的是什么？由題干定位到文章第五段第三句話Clinicaltrialsarenowunderwayin76Crohn’spatientstofindoutwhetheramedicalfoodcontainingplantainfibrescouldhelpkeepthediseaseatbay.（目前正在76名克羅恩病患者身上進(jìn)行臨床試驗，以確定含有大蕉纖維的醫(yī)療食品是否有助于預(yù)防克羅恩病。），因此C選項“目的是為了證明大蕉纖維食品的功效”，符合題意；A選項“目的是鼓勵人們吃高纖維食物”，B選項“目的是生產(chǎn)高纖維補(bǔ)品”和D選項“目的是改進(jìn)高纖維藥物的配方”，均不符合題意。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是C選項。

30.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：專家們對M細(xì)胞的發(fā)現(xiàn)有什么看法?由題干定位到文章最后一段最后一句話KnowledgeoftheM-cellroleoffersamoredetailedexplanationastowhyahealthydietcanimprovethehealthandwellbeingforpeoplewithCrohn’sdiseaseandhealthyindividualsalike.（對M細(xì)胞角色的知識提供了更詳細(xì)的解釋，為什么健康飲食可以改善克羅恩病患者和健康人類的身體狀態(tài)和幸福。），因此B選項“它有助于證明M細(xì)胞對健康飲食的作用”，符合題意；A選項“它對胃感染有進(jìn)一步的了解”，C選項“它導(dǎo)致了對克羅恩病的調(diào)查”，和D選項“它支持高纖維醫(yī)療食品的發(fā)明”，均不符合題意。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是B選項。

13.單選題

Afterafewroundsoftalks,bothsidesregardedtheterritorydisputes（

）.

問題1選項

A.beingsettled

B.tobesettled

C.hadsettled

D.assettled

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配。這里空格所在的句子bothsides是主語，謂語動詞regards，賓語theterritorydisputes，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，后面的空格部分應(yīng)該屬于后置定語結(jié)構(gòu)，regardsthassth有“認(rèn)為怎么樣”之意。這里settled過去分詞作形容詞表示動作已經(jīng)完成，也就是“settleddisputes解決了的爭端”，句意為：經(jīng)過數(shù)輪談判后，雙方都認(rèn)為這個領(lǐng)土紛爭問題得到解決了。答案選D。

14.單選題

AfterLosAngeles,AtlantamaybeAmerica’smostcar-dependentcity.Atlantanssentimentallygivetheircarsnames;comparespeedingticketsandjealouslyguardanyside-streetwhereitispossibletopark.Thecity’sroadsaresowellwornthatthefirstactofthenewmayor,ShirleyFranklin,wastostartrepairingpotholes.In1998,13metrocountieslostfederalhighwayfundsbecause