考研考博-英語-南通大學(xué)杏林學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南通大學(xué)杏林學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.翻譯題

美國人以兩個特殊的日子向父母表示敬意：這便是每年五月第二個星期日的母親節(jié)和六月第三個星期日的父親節(jié)。人們用各種形式來慶賀這兩個特殊的日子。在母親節(jié)那天，人們佩戴康乃馨（carnation）；很多人還通過參加宗教儀式來向父母致意；在這兩天，許多家庭在家中或到餐館去聚會。這是充滿歡樂、美好情感和美好回憶的日子。

【答案】PeopleintheUnitedStateshonortheirparentswithtwospecialdays:Mother'sDay,onthesecondSundayinMay,andFather'sDay,onthethirdSundayinJune.Thesedaysaresetasidetoshowloveandrespectforparents.OnMother'sDaypeoplewearcarnations;manypeopleattendreligiousservicestohonorparents.Onthesedaysfamiliesgettogetherathome,aswellasinrestaurants.Thesearedaysoffunandgoodfeelingsandmemories.

2.寫作題

Somepeoplebelievethatarangeoftechnologyavailablehasincreasedthegapbetweenrichpeopleandpoorpeople,butothersbelieveithasoppositeeffects.Discussbothviewsandgiveyouropinion.

【答案】略

3.單選題

Playsareanimportantformofentertainmentinmostcountries.TwokindsofdramauniquetoJapanareNohandKabuki.Musicisusedinbothtypesofdrama.Originally,menperformedbothmen'sandwomen'spartsinNohandKabukiplays.Butthesimilaritiesendthere.

Kabukicostumesarefancy,bright,andheavy.Realgoldisusedonthem.Ontheotherhand,Nohcostumesarequitesimple.Kabukistagesarehuge.Thestagesetsareelaborate.Nohstagesareonly18feet(5.4meters)square.Theonlysceneryusedisbackgroundwallwithatreepaintedonit.AscenechangeswhentheNohactorschangetheirplaces.Theaudiencemustusealotofimaginations.

Nohplaysstartedinthefourteenthcenturytoentertaintheupperclass.Theformoftheplayhasnotchangedmuchsincethattime.AllpartsofaNohplaymustfollowacertainsetofrules.ToapersonunfamiliarwithNohdrama,aNohactormaylookasifheissleepwalking.Theactionoftheplayisslow.Everymovementiscontrolled.Certainactionsstandforcertainthings.Forexample,afewstepsforwardmeantheendofajourney.AnimportantpartofaNohplayisthechorusthatchantsmuchofthestory.

Kabukiplaysweredevelopedintheseventeenthcenturyforthecommonpeople.Theatrewasthemainamusementofthemerchantsofthattime.Kabukiplaysgiveaclearpictureofthosemerchants'tastesandideas.Thecolorfulcostumesreflecttheirgaymoods.Theheroesareoftenwarriorswhoperformdaringfeats.Theplayerswearthickmakeup.Theyexaggeratetheirmovementsandfacialexpressionstocommunicatefeeling.

MusicisveryimportanttoKabukiplays,Kabukiactorssing,dance,andspeaktheirlineswhilethemusicisplayedinthebackground.Themusicmaysoundstrangeatfirst,butitmakestheactiononthestagemoreexciting.Musiciansplayinstrumentssuchasflutes,drums,andgongs.Theyalsousethesamisen,athree-stringedinstrumentshapedsomewhatlikeabanjo.Anotherinstrumenthastwosmallblocksofwoodthatarebangedonthefloor.

1.WhatdoNohandKabukishareincommon?

2.WhichstatementistrueabouttheKabukiplays?

3.OneofthedifferencesbetweenNohandKabukiplaysisthat（

）.

4.Kabukiplayscaninformusabout

（

）.

5.WhatmusicalinstrumentsareusedinKabukiplays?

問題1選項

A.Musicisusedinbothtypesofdrama.

B.Womenperformedbothmen'sandwomen'spartsinthebeginning.

C.Bothmen'sandwomen'spartswereplayedbymalesintheearlierperiod.

D.BothAandC.

問題2選項

A.Costumesarefunny,lightandrough.

B.Stagesare18feetsquare.

C.Abackgroundwithatreepaintedonitistheonlyscenery.

D.Theperformersmustusealltheirimaginations.

問題3選項

A.Nohisslower

B.Nohissimpler

C.Nohismorecolorful

D.Nohismoreexciting

問題4選項

A.likesanddislikesofthe17thcenturycommonpeople

B.thetastesofthe17thcenturyJapanesemerchants

C.thelifestyleoftherulingclass

D.thecourageousdeedsofthesoldiers

問題5選項

A.Flutes,gongsandtwoblocksofwood.

B.Drumsandsamisens.

C.Gongs,drumsandwoodenhammers.

D.AandB.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段的三四句“Musicisusedinbothtypesofdrama.Originally,menperformedbothmen'sandwomen'spartsinNohandKabukiplays.”兩種戲劇都使用音樂。最初，男性在能劇和歌舞伎劇中同時扮演男性和女性角色。選項A和C均正確，所以本題選D。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Kabukicostumesarefancy,bright,andheavy.”可知選項A錯誤；選項B和C都是描述能劇的，所以只有選項D正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后三段的內(nèi)容可知，選項C和D是描述歌舞伎劇，首先排除；選項B在文中沒有提及；選項A符合原文，所以正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的第三句“Kabukiplaysgiveaclearpictureofthosemerchants'tastesandideas.”歌舞伎劇清楚地展現(xiàn)了這些商人的品味和思想。選項B符合原文。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段的最后幾句“Musiciansplayinstrumentssuchasflutes,drums,andgongs.Theyalsousethesamisen,athree-stringedinstrumentshapedsomewhatlikeabanjo.Anotherinstrumenthastwosmallblocksofwoodthatarebangedonthefloor.”可知選項A和B都有提及，所以選項D正確。

4.單選題

Thegeocentricideawasabandonedintheseventeenthcentury,partlyasaresultofthewritingsofCopernicus（）observationsmadebyotherastronomers.

問題1選項

A.andalsowere

B.notonlybecauseof

C.alsobecausewere

D.andalsobecauseof

【答案】D

【解析】語法題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞partly可知，空格后面表示另一部分原因，因此兩個原因應(yīng)該用并列連詞and連接，排除B和C。前面由asaresultof引導(dǎo)第一個原因，后面可用becauseof與其并列。故選D項。句意：地心說在17世紀(jì)被拋棄，部分原因是哥白尼的著作，也因?yàn)槠渌煳膶W(xué)家的觀測結(jié)果。

5.單選題

Manycriticsagreedthatbyandlarge,thismoviewasasuccessintermsofactingandphotography.

問題1選項

A.allatonce

B.byandby

C.tosomeextent

D.onthewhole

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。byandlarge表示“大體上，總的來說”；A項allatonce“突然”，B項byandby“不久以后”，C項tosomeextent“某種程度上”，D項onthewhole“基本上”。句意：許多評論家一致認(rèn)為，總的來說，這部電影在表演和攝影方面都是成功的。根據(jù)句意可知，選擇D項正確。

6.單選題

Intheatmosphere,carbondioxideactsratherlikeaone-waymirror—theglassofaroofinagreenhousewhichallowsthesun’sraystoenterbutpreventstheheatfromescaping.

Accordingtoaweatherexpert’sprediction,theatmospherewillbe3warmerintheyear2050thanitistoday,ifmancontinuestoburnfuelsatthepresentrate.Ifthiswarminguptookplace,theicecapsinthepoleswouldbegintomelt,thusraisingsealevelseveralmetersandseverelyfloodingcoastalcities.Also,theincreaseinatmospherictemperaturewouldleadtogreatchangesintheclimateofthenorthernhemisphere,possiblyresultinginanalterationoftheearth’schieffood-growingzones.

Inthepast,concernaboutaman-madewarmingoftheearthhasconcentratedontheArcticbecausetheAntarcticismuchcolderandhasamuchthinkericesheet.ButtheweatherexpertsarenowpayingmoreattentiontoWestAntarctic,whichmaybeaffectedbyonlyafewdegreesofwarming:inotherwords,byawarmingonthescalethatwillpossiblytakeplaceinthenextfiftyyearsfromtheburningoffuels.

SatellitepicturesshowthatlargeareasofAntarcticicearealreadydisappearing.Theevidenceavailablesuggeststhatawarminghastakenplace.Thisfitsthetheorythatcarbondioxidewarmstheearth.

However,mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere,wheretemperaturesseemtobefalling.Scientistsconclude,therefore,thatuptonownaturalinfluencesontheweatherhaveexceededthosecausedbyman.Thequestionis:Whichnaturalcausehasmosteffectontheweather?

Onepossibilityisthevariablebehaviorofthesun.Astronomersatoneresearchstationhavestudiedthehotspotsand“cold”spots(thatis,therelativelylesshotspots)onthesun.Asthesunrotates,every27.5days,itpresentshotteror“colder”facestotheearth,anddifferentaspectstodifferentpartsoftheearth.Thisseemstohaveaconsiderableeffectonthedistributionoftheearth’satmosphericpressure,andconsequentlyonwindcirculation.Thesunisalsovariableoveralongterm:itsheatoutputgoesupanddownincycles,thelatesttrendbeingdownward.

Scientistsarenowfindingmutualrelationsbetweenmodelsofsolar-weatherinteractionsandtheactualclimateovermanythousandsofyears,includingthelastIceAge.TheproblemisthatthemodelsarepredictingthattheworldshouldbeenteringanewIceAgeanditisnot.Onewayofsolvingthistheoreticaldifficultyistoassumeadelayofthousandsofyearswhilethesolareffectsovercometheinertiaoftheearth’sclimate.Ifthisisright,thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulcounter-balancetothesun’sdiminishingheat.

41.Itcanbeconcludedthataconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheatmospherewould______.

42.Thearticlewaswrittentoexplain______.

43.Althoughthefuelconsumptionisgreaterinthenorthernhemisphere,temperaturesthereseemtobefalling.Thisis______.

44.Onthebasisoftheirmodels,scientistsareoftheopinionthat______.

45.IftheassumptionaboutthedelayofanewIceAgeiscorrect,______.

問題1選項

A.preventthesun’sraysfromreachingtheearth’ssurface

B.meanawarmingupintheArctic

C.accountforgreatchangesintheclimateinthenorthernhemisphere

D.raisethetemperatureoftheearth’ssurface

問題2選項

A.thegreenhouseeffect

B.thesolareffectsontheearth

C.themodelsofsolar-weatherinteractions

D.thecauseaffectingweather

問題3選項

A.mainlybecausethelevelsofcarbondioxidearerising

B.possiblybecausetheicecapsinthepolesaremelting

C.exclusivelyduetotheeffectoftheinertiaoftheearth’sclimate

D.partlyduetovariationsintheoutputofsolarenergy

問題4選項

A.theclimateoftheworldshouldbebecomingcooler

B.itwilltakethousandsofyearsfortheinertiaoftheearth’sclimatetotakeeffect

C.theman-madewarmingeffecthelpstoincreasethesolareffects

D.thenewIceAgewillbedelayedbythegreenhouseeffect

問題5選項

A.thebestwaytoovercomethecoolingeffectwouldbetoburnmorefuels

B.icewouldsooncoverthenorthernhemisphere

C.theincreasedlevelsofcarbondioxideintheatmospherecouldwarmuptheearthevenmorequickly

D.thegreenhouseeffectcouldworktotheadvantageoftheearth

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】41.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“可以得出結(jié)論的是，大氣中二氧化碳的濃度將會……”。根據(jù)文章第一段carbondioxideactsratherlikeaone-waymirror—theglassofaroofinagreenhousewhichallowsthesun’sraystoenterbutpreventstheheatfromescaping.（二氧化碳的作用就像一面單向鏡子——溫室屋頂?shù)牟Ａ?，它允許陽光進(jìn)入，但阻止熱量逸出。）可知A項“阻止太陽光線到達(dá)地球表面”，內(nèi)容與文章內(nèi)容相反；B項“意味著北極的氣候變暖”，第三段最后兩句提到ButtheweatherexpertsarenowpayingmoreattentiontoWestAntarctic,whichmaybeaffectedbyonlyafewdegreesofwarming:inotherwords,byawarmingonthescalethatwillpossiblytakeplaceinthenextfiftyyearsfromtheburningoffuels.（但是，氣象專家現(xiàn)在把更多的注意力放在了南極西部，那里可能只會受到幾度的變暖的影響：換句話說，由于燃料的燃燒，在未來的50年里可能會出現(xiàn)這樣的變暖），由此可知，現(xiàn)在南極氣溫更容易受氣候變暖的影響，所以B項內(nèi)容不準(zhǔn)確；C項“導(dǎo)致了北半球氣候的巨大變化”，內(nèi)容與原文所說正相反，第五段第一句提到However,mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere,wheretemperaturesseemtobefalling.（然而，大部分燃料是在北半球燃燒的，那里的氣溫似乎正在下降），由此可知二氧化碳會使大氣溫度上升，但事實(shí)上氣溫卻在降低，所以是無法用二氧化碳來解釋北半球氣溫變化的，C項錯誤；根據(jù)第四段最后兩句話Theevidenceavailablesuggeststhatawarminghastakenplace.Thisfitsthetheorythatcarbondioxidewarmstheearth.（現(xiàn)有的證據(jù)表明氣候已經(jīng)變暖。這符合二氧化碳使地球變暖的理論。）可知D項“提高地球表面的溫度”符合題意。因此該題選D。

42.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“文章是用來解釋……”。從全文來看，作者主要探討了兩種對大氣溫度變化產(chǎn)生影響的原因——人為因素和自然因素。若以人為原因?yàn)橹?，現(xiàn)在的大氣溫度應(yīng)比以前更高，但事實(shí)上相反，大氣溫度似乎在下降；若以自然原因?yàn)橹?，現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該進(jìn)入一個新的冰河時代，但是又沒有，說明二氧化碳與太陽在相互影響著大氣的溫度，只有D項“影響天氣的原因”全面表達(dá)了文章的內(nèi)容，即解釋影響天氣的原因。A項“溫室效應(yīng)”和B項“太陽對地球的影響”都只是其中一個原因，不夠全面。C項“太陽-天氣相互作用的模型”太片面，也不選。因此該題選D。

43.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“雖然北半球的燃料消耗較大，但那里的氣溫似乎在下降。這是……”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章的第五段第二句Scientistsconclude,therefore,thatuptonownaturalinfluencesontheweatherhaveexceededthosecausedbyman.（因此，科學(xué)家得出結(jié)論，到目前為止，自然對天氣的影響已經(jīng)超過了人類造成的影響），接著作者在第六段提到Onepossibilityisthevariablebehaviorofthesunitsheatoutputgoesupanddownincycles,thelatesttrendbeingdownward.（一種可能是太陽的變化……它的熱量輸出呈周期性上升和下降，最新的趨勢是下降），由此可知，影響北半球氣溫下降的原因有一部分是自然的影響，因此D項“部分原因是太陽能輸出的變化”符合題意。A項“主要是因?yàn)槎趸嫉暮吭谏仙?，第七段提到Ifthisisright,thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulcounter-balancetothesun’sdiminishingheat.（如果這是正確的，那么二氧化碳的變暖效應(yīng)可能會起到有效的平衡太陽熱量遞減的作用），由此可知，大氣中不斷上升的二氧化碳濃度能平衡氣溫中不斷消失的太陽熱量，所以A項內(nèi)容不正確；B項“可能是因?yàn)閮蓸O的冰蓋正在融化”，與題干無關(guān)；C項“這完全是由于地球氣候慣性的影響”，內(nèi)容太絕對。因此該題選D。

44.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)他們的模型，科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為……”。根據(jù)文章的第七段的第二句話…thatthemodelsarepredictingthattheworldshouldbeenteringanewIceAge（這些模型預(yù)測世界將進(jìn)入一個新的冰河時代，但事實(shí)并非如此），由此可知科學(xué)家認(rèn)為氣候應(yīng)該變得更冷，因此A項“世界的氣候應(yīng)該會變得更冷”符合題意。B項“地球氣候的慣性將需要數(shù)千年才能起作用”，最后一段倒數(shù)第二句Onewayofsolvingthistheoreticaldifficultyistoassumeadelayofthousandsofyearswhilethesolareffectsovercometheinertiaoftheearth’sclimate.（解決這一理論難題的一種方法是假設(shè)有數(shù)千年的延遲，而太陽效應(yīng)克服了地球氣候的慣性），根據(jù)這個句子可知文章提到太陽效應(yīng)克服地球氣候的慣性是用來對科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為的模型預(yù)測世界將進(jìn)入一個新的冰河時代的一種假設(shè)，不符合題意；C項“人為的變暖效應(yīng)有助于增加太陽效應(yīng)”，文章最后一句提到thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulcounter-balancetothesun’sdiminishingheat.（二氧化碳的變暖效應(yīng)可能會起到有效的平衡太陽熱量遞減的作用），因此C項錯誤。D項“新的冰川期將被溫室效應(yīng)推遲”，文章中科學(xué)家做出的假設(shè)是太陽效應(yīng)克服了地球氣候的這種慣性，所以D項錯誤。因此該題選A。

45.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“如果新冰河世紀(jì)延遲的假設(shè)是正確的，那么……”。文章最后兩句話提到Onewayofsolvingthistheoreticaldifficultyistoassumeadelayofthousandsofyearswhilethesolareffectsovercometheinertiaoftheearth’sclimate.Ifthisisright,thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulcounter-balancetothesun’sdiminishingheat.（解決這一理論難題的一種方法是假設(shè)有數(shù)千年的延遲，而太陽效應(yīng)克服了地球氣候的慣性。如果這是正確的，那么二氧化碳的變暖效應(yīng)可能會起到有效的平衡太陽熱量遞減的作用），可知如果新冰河世紀(jì)延遲的假設(shè)是正確的，溫室效應(yīng)可以平衡太陽熱量遞減的作用，因此對地球是有利的，這與D項“溫室效應(yīng)可能對地球有利”符合；A項“克服這種冷卻效應(yīng)的最好方法是燃燒更多的燃料”原文未提及；B項“冰很快就會覆蓋北半球”，第五段首句提到mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere（大部分燃料是在北半球燃燒的），所以B項內(nèi)容不正確；C項“大氣中二氧化碳含量的增加會使地球更快地變暖”，不是變暖，而是平衡太陽熱量的遞減，C項也不正確。因此該題選D。

7.單選題

Inspiteoftherain,the______spectatorswaitedpatientlyforthedelayedstartofthegame.

問題1選項

A.industrious

B.ingenious

C.chaotic

D.assiduous

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項industrious“勤奮的，勤勞的”，B項ingenious“有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的，機(jī)靈的，精制的”，C項chaotic“混沌的，混亂的”，D項assiduous“兢兢業(yè)業(yè)的，孜孜不倦的”。由spectators（觀眾）和thedelayedstartofthegame（被推遲的比賽開始）可知，當(dāng)時的現(xiàn)場應(yīng)該是“混亂的”，C項符合。句意：盡管下著雨，但是混亂的觀眾耐心地等待著被推遲的比賽開始。因此，該題選擇C項。

8.單選題

Rumoursareeverywhere,spreadingfear,damagingreputations,andturningcalmsituationsinto（）ones.

問題1選項

A.turbulent

B.tragic

C.vulnerable

D.suspicious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項turbulent“動蕩的”；B選項tragic“悲劇的，悲痛的”；C選項vulnerable“易受攻擊的”；D選項suspicious“可疑的，懷疑的”。句意：謠言無處不在，它散布恐怖情緒，損害聲譽(yù)，把穩(wěn)定的局面攪得混亂不堪。所選形容詞應(yīng)與句中calm相對應(yīng)，所以本題A選項符合句意。

9.單選題

Heseeshisstudentsstrugglingbecausethelanguagetheythoughttheyknewnowappearstoconsistofabewilderingvarietyofidioms,clichesandacceptedphraseswithdifferentmeaningsindifferentcontexts.

問題1選項

A.thoughtless

B.ridiculous

C.puzzling

D.undesirable

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.thoughtless粗心大意的；欠考慮的B.ridiculous愚蠢的；荒謬的

C.puzzling令人迷惑的D.undesirable不受歡迎的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】bewilder作動詞時，表示“使糊涂，使迷惑”，加上-ing則作形容詞，表示“令人糊涂的，令人迷惑的”，C項詞義與之相近，故該題選擇C項。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D項不符合劃線單詞詞義。

【句意】他看到他的學(xué)生在努力學(xué)習(xí)，因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為他們已經(jīng)掌握的語言現(xiàn)在似乎包含了令人困惑的各種成語、陳詞濫調(diào)和在不同語境中具有不同含義的公認(rèn)短語。

10.單選題

Wasittheprosperityofanacquisitivesocietypreparedtoforsakechildren,orthedepressionwhichaccountedfortheinter-warpopulationtrends?

問題1選項

A.inquisitive

B.curious

C.greedy

D.abnormal

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。acquisitive“貪婪的；想獲得的”；A選項inquisitive“好奇的；好問的”；B選項curious“好奇的，有求知欲的；古怪的”；C選項greedy“貪婪的；貪吃的”；D選項abnormal“反常的，不規(guī)則的；變態(tài)的”。句意：是一個準(zhǔn)備拋棄孩子的貪婪社會的繁榮，還是蕭條導(dǎo)致了戰(zhàn)爭期間的人口趨勢？acquisitive的動詞形式為acquire，而acquire有“獲得”的意思，可推測出acquisitive在這里有“貪婪的”的意思，因此C選項正確。

11.單選題

（）,eventhoughoneundergoesuntoldmillionsofindividualexperiencesinone’slife,onlyafewlessonsareusuallyeverlearned.

問題1選項

A.Spontaneously

B.Stupendously

C.Apparently

D.Appropriately

【答案】C

【解析】副詞詞義辨析。spontaneously“自然地，自發(fā)地”；stupendously“巨大地、驚人地”；apparently“顯然地”；appropriately“適當(dāng)?shù)亍薄＞湟猓汉茱@然，即使一個人在一生中會經(jīng)歷無數(shù)次的個人經(jīng)歷，但人們通常只能從中得到很少的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)。選項C符合題意。

12.翻譯題

世界都在關(guān)注北京奧運(yùn)會后中國政治經(jīng)濟(jì)走向。我們可以明確地說，中國將繼續(xù)堅定不移地走和平發(fā)展道路，繼續(xù)堅持改革開放不動搖，繼續(xù)貫徹獨(dú)立自主的和平外交政策。這符合中國人民的根本利益，也符合世界人民的根本利益，順應(yīng)世界潮流。這次北京奧運(yùn)會是在中國這樣一個最大的發(fā)展中國家舉行的。國際社會對中國政府和人民為此做出的努力給予了高度評價。奧運(yùn)會的成功舉辦，使中國人民受到了極大的鼓舞，增強(qiáng)了實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化的信心和力量。

(參考詞匯：remaincommitted;fundamentalinterests;inspire;confidence)

【答案】

NowthewholeworldwantstoknowinwhatdirectionChinaisheading,bothpoliticallyandeconomically,aftertheBeijingOlympicGames.LetmetellyouinunequivocaltermsthatChinawillremaincommittedtothepathofpeacefuldevelopment,unswervinglypursuereformandopening-up,andcontinuetoadheretoanindependentforeignpolicyofpeace.ThisisinthefundamentalinterestsoftheChinesepeopleandthepeopleofallothercountries.Itisalsoinkeepingwiththetrendoftheworld.ThejustconcludedOlympicGameswasheldinChina,thelargestdevelopingcountryintheworld.TheinternationalcommunityhashighlycommendedtheeffortsmadebytheChineseGovernmentandpeoplefortheGames.ThesuccessoftheOlympicGameshasgreatlyencouragedtheChinesepeopleandboostedtheirconfidenceandstrengthinrealizingmodernization.

13.單選題

Shoppingforclothesisnotthesameexperienceforamanasitisforawoman.Amangoesshoppingbecauseheneedssomething.Hispurposeissettledanddecidedinadvance.Heknowswhathewantsandhisobjectiveistofinditandbuyit;thepriceisasecondaryconsideration.Allmensimplywalkintoashopandasktheassistantforwhattheywant.Iftheshophasitinstockthesalesmanpromptlyproducesit,andthebusinessoftryingiton,proceedsatonce.Allbeingwell,thedealcanbeandofteniscompletedinlessthanfiveminutes,withhardlyanychatandtoeveryone'ssatisfaction.

Foraman,slightproblemsmaybeginwhentheshopdoesnothavewhathewants,ordoesnothaveexactlywhathewants.Inthatcasethesalesman,asthenameimplies,triestosellthecustomersomethingelse—heoffersthenearesthecantothearticlerequired.Nogoodsalesmanbringsoutsuchasubstitutebluntly,hedoessowithskillandpolish."Iknowthisjacketisnotthestyleyouwant,sir,butwouldyouliketotryitforsize?Ithappenstobethecoloryoumentioned."Fewmenhavepatiencewiththistreatment,andtheusualresponseis"Thisistherightcolorandmaybetherightsize,butIshouldbewastingmytimeandyoursbytryingiton."

Nowhowdoesawomangoaboutbuyingclothes?Inalmosteveryrespectshedoessointheoppositeway.Hershoppingisnotoftenbasedonneed.Shehasneverfullymadeuphermindwhatshewants,andsheisonly"havingalookaround".Sheisalwaysopentopersuasion;indeedshesetsgreatstorebywhatthesaleswomantellsher,evenbywhatcompanionstellher.Shewilltryonanynumberofthings.Uppermostinhermindisthethoughtoffindingsomethingthateveryonethinkssuitsher.Contrarytoalotofjokes;mostwomenhaveanexcellentsenseofvaluewhentheybuyclothes.Theyarealwaysonthelook-outfortheunexpectedbargain.Facedwitharoomfulofdresses,awomanmayeasilyspendanhourgoingfromonerailtoanother,toandfro,oftenretracinghersteps,beforeselectingthedressesshewantstotryon.Itisalaboriousprocessbutapparentlyanenjoyableone.Somostdressshopsprovidechairsforthewaitinghusbands.

1.Whenamanisbuyingclothes,（

）.

2.Incommerceagoodsalesmanisonewho

（

）.

3.Whatdoesamandowhenhecannotgetexactlywhathewants?

4.Accordingtothispassage,whenshoppingforclothes,women

（

）.

5.Whatisthemostobviousdifferencebetweenmenandwomenshoppers?

問題1選項

A.hechoosesthingsthatothersrecommend

B.hebuyscheapthings,regardlessofquality

C.hebuysgoodthings,solongastheyarenottooexpensive

D.hedoesnotmindhowmuchhehastopayfortherightthings

問題2選項

A.sellssomethingacustomerdoesnotparticularlywant

B.alwayshasinstockthethingthecustomerwants

C.canfindoutquicklythegoodsrequired

D.doesnotwastehistimeondifficultcustomers

問題3選項

A.Hebuyssomethingthatissimilarenoughtotheidealone.

B.Heusuallydoesnotbuyanything.

C.Atleasttwoofhisrequirementsmustbemetbeforehebuys.

D.Solongasthestyleisright,hebuysthething.

問題4選項

A.oftenbuythingswithoutthinking

B.seldombuycheapclothes

C.welcomesuggestionsfromanyone

D.nevertakeanyadvice

問題5選項

A.Thefactthatmendonottryclothesoninashop.

B.Womenbargainfortheirclothesbutmendonot.

C.Womenstandupwhileshopping,butmensitdown.

D.Thetimetheytakeoverbuyingclothes.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由文章第一段中Heknowswhathewantsandhisobjectiveistofinditandbuyit;thepriceisasecondaryconsideration.（他知道他想要什么，他的目標(biāo)是找到它并購買它；價格是次要的考慮因素）可知選D。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中Inthatcasethesalesman,asthenameimplies,triestosellthecustomersomethingelse—heoffersthenearesthecantothearticlerequired.Nogoodsalesmanbringsoutsuchasubstitutebluntly,hedoessowithskillandpolish.（在這種情況下，推銷員，顧名思義，試圖向顧客推銷其他東西——他提供了最接近他所需要的物品。優(yōu)秀的推銷員不會直截了當(dāng)?shù)靥岢鲞@樣的替代方案，而是用技巧和變通來做的這點(diǎn)）可知選A。

第3題:推理判斷題。由文章第二段中Thisistherightcolorandmaybetherightsize,butIshouldbewastingmytimeandyoursbytryingiton（這是對的顏色，可能是合適的尺寸，但試穿還是浪費(fèi)你我的時間）可知選B。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中Sheisalwaysopentopersuasion;indeedshesetsgreatstorebywhatthesaleswomantellsher,evenbywhatcompanionstellher.Shewilltryonanynumberofthings.Uppermostinhermindisthethoughtoffindingsomethingthateveryonethinkssuitsher.（她總是樂于接受說服；事實(shí)上，她非常重視女售貨員告訴她的話，甚至是同伴對她說的話。她會試穿很多東西。在她心中最重要的是應(yīng)該找到每個人都認(rèn)為適合她的東西）可知選C。

第5題:推理判斷題。由文章第一段中thedealcanbeandofteniscompletedinlessthanfiveminutes（這筆交易可以而且經(jīng)常在不到五分鐘內(nèi)完成）和最后一段中Somostdressshopsprovidechairsforthewaitinghusbands（所以大多數(shù)服裝店都為等候的丈夫提供椅子）可知男女購物最大的區(qū)別是購物花費(fèi)的時間，因此選D。

14.單選題

Inthispoorcountry,survivalisstilltheleadingindustry;allelseis（

）.

問題1選項

A.luxury

B.accommodation

C.entertainment

D.refreshment

【答案】A

【解析】考察名詞、形容詞詞義辨析。luxury“奢侈”；accommodation“住處，膳食”；entertainment“娛樂”；refreshment“清爽，提神之物”。句意：在這個貧窮的國家，生存是頭等大事，其他都是奢求。選項A符合題意。

15.單選題

Hewas______aboutthespringoutingbutbecamebackquitedepressedandsaidheshouldn’thavejoinedinit.

問題1選項

A.courageous

B.discouraged

C.enthusiastic

D.fantastic

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項courageous“勇敢的”；B選項discouraged“灰心的”；C選項enthusiastic“熱衷的；熱烈的”；D選項fantastic“極好的；富于想象的”。句意：他本來______于春游，但回來時卻很沮喪，說他不應(yīng)該參加春游。根據(jù)語境，這里指在春游之前他對此非常激動和期待，C選項enthusiastic“熱衷的”符合題意。因此C選項正確。

16.單選題

Onthestagemanypiecesofbluesilkwerefluctuatedto（）theseawaves

問題1選項

A.simplify

B.simulate

C.stimulate

D.signify

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項simplifyv.簡化，使簡易；B選項simulatev.模仿，假裝，冒充；C選項stimulatev.刺激，鼓舞，激發(fā)；D選項signifyv.表示，意味著。句意：在舞臺上，許多舞動著的藍(lán)絲綢模擬出了海浪的景象。根據(jù)句意，本題選擇B項正確。

17.單選題

WoodcarvingbeganasanecessityinAmericaanddevelopedintoanart.Becauseofthelackofothermaterials,earlysettlerswereforcedtomaketoolsandutensilsoutofwood.Atfirst,thesearticleswerewhittledwithaknife,butwhenpioneercraftsmensetuptheirprimitiveshopsmostofthemwerefashionedonalathe—amachinewhichholdsanobjectandrotatesitwhileitisbeingshapedbyatool.

However,evenafterMassachusetts-bornThomasBlancharddesignedalathewhichcouldturnirregularshapes—aninnovationthat,madepossiblemassproductionofgunstocks,shoelasts,oblongandsquarewoodware—craftsmenwhocoulduseknifeandchiselskillfullywerestillindemand.Somefoundreadyemploymentinshopsofcabinet-makersandchair-makers,whileotherscarveddecoys(捕獸的圈套).Stillothersspecializedincreatingshopsigns,shipfigureheads,orindecoratinginteriorwoodwork.Afewevenacceptedcommissionstomakebusts(半身像)ofprominentcitizens.

36.ThispassagemostlikelycamefromalongerworkaboutearlyAmerican（）.

37.Thepassagesuggeststhattheearlyshopsformakingtoolswere（）.

38.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,beforeThomasBlanchard’sinvention,lathes（）.

39.Whichofthefollowingobjectwasanimportantwood-workingtoolusedbyearlyAmericancraftsmen?

40.Accordingtothepassage,whenwoodenarticlesbegantobemass-produced,whatdidmanyindividualwood-workersdo?

問題1選項

A.artsandcrafts

B.politicalleaders

C.loggingindustries

D.fashiondesign

問題2選項

A.notverysophisticated

B.knownfordoingveryquickwork

C.dependentonimportedmaterials

D.frequentedonlybyfashionablepeople

問題3選項

A.werenotmadeofwood

B.couldnotproducesquareobjects

C.werefoundonlyincabinmakingshops

D.couldbeusedtomakemosttoolsandutensils

問題4選項

A.Abust

B.Adecoy

C.Afigurehead

D.Achisel

問題5選項

A.TheymovedoutofMassachusetts.

B.Theyfoundwoodmakingspecializeditems.

C.Theymadedemandsongovernmentleaders.

D.Theytookjobsonshipsassailors.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】36.推理判斷題。A選項artsandcrafts“藝術(shù)與手工藝”；B選項politicalleaders“政治領(lǐng)袖”；C選項loggingindustries“木材業(yè)”；D選項fashiondesign“時裝設(shè)計”。定位在第一段第一句WoodcarvingbeganasanecessityinAmericaanddevelopedintoanart.（在美國，木雕開始是作為必需品，然后發(fā)展成為一門藝術(shù)。）本文主要圍繞本句展開討論，故選A。

37.推理判斷題。關(guān)鍵詞定位在第一段末尾句Atfirst,thesearticleswerewhittledwithaknife,butwhenpioneercraftsmensetuptheirprimitiveshopsmostofthemwerefashionedonalathe—amachinewhichholdsanobjectandrotatesitwhileitisbeingshapedbyatool.（起初，這些物品是用刀來切割的，但先驅(qū)工匠們建立他們原始的店鋪時，大多數(shù)物品都是在車床上加工的。車床是一種機(jī)器，它可以固定物體，并能在物體旋轉(zhuǎn)的同時進(jìn)行加工。）而第二段中craftsmenwhocoulduseknifeandchiselskillfullywerestillindemand.（能熟練運(yùn)用刀和鑿子的工匠仍然供不應(yīng)求。）由此可知，制作工具的早期商店還是不夠精細(xì)的。A選項“不是很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的；不是很精致”，B選項“以工作速度快而聞名”，C選項“依賴進(jìn)口材料”，D選項“只有懂時尚的人才會光顧”，BCD選項原文中并未提及，故選A。

38.推理判斷題。定位在第二段的第一句However,evenafterMassachusetts-bornThomasBlancharddesignedalathecouldturnirregularshapes…（然而，即使是出生在馬薩諸塞州的托馬斯?布蘭查德設(shè)計的一臺車床也只能加工不規(guī)則形狀的物體。）由此可以推理出在他發(fā)明的車床之前都是不能加工出有規(guī)則形狀的物體。由此可知B選項“不能制造正方形的物體”正確。A選項“不是用木頭做的”，文章并未介紹車床制作的材料。C選項“只能在櫥柜店看到”屬于無中生有。D選項“可以用來制造大多數(shù)工具和器皿”根據(jù)原文Becauseofthelackofothermaterials,earlysettlerswereforcedtomaketoolsandutensilsoutofwood.（由于缺乏其他材料，早期的定居者被迫用木頭制造工具和器皿。）可以知道早期的車床只能做出木質(zhì)的工具和器皿。可知D選項錯誤。故選B。

39.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。定位在第二段第一句的末尾處craftsmanwhocoulduseknifeandchiselskillfullywerestillindemand.（能夠熟練使用刀和鑿子的工匠仍然供不應(yīng)求。）可知D選項“鑿子”為正確答案。A選項“半身像”，B選項“捕獸的圈套”，C選項“裝飾船頭的人像”，A，B，C選項皆為成品，并不是工具類的物品，不屬于工具，故選D。

40.推理判斷題。定位在第二段的最后三句Somefoundreadyemploymentinshopsofcabinet-makersandchair-makers,whileotherscarveddecoys.Stillothersspecializedincreatingshopsigns,shipfigureheads,orindecoratinginteriorwoodwork.Afewevenacceptedcommissionstomakebustsofprominentcitizens.（一些準(zhǔn)備在櫥柜和椅子制造商中就業(yè)，而其他人雕刻捕獸的圈套。甚至，其他人專門做店鋪招牌、裝飾船頭的人像或者裝飾室內(nèi)木制品。一部分木雕師甚至接受任務(wù)給名人做上半身塑像。”）因此可知，個體木工們找到并細(xì)分了自己這塊工作的方向。由此可知，B選項“他們找到了木工制作的專門事項”正確。A選項“他們搬出了馬薩諸塞州”，C選項“他們向政府領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人提出要求”，D選項“他們在船上當(dāng)水手”ACD選項在原文中并未提及，故選B。

18.單選題

ThisweekinJapan,some10,000（1）fromacrosstheglobewillmeettoexaminewhat,formanyoftheworld’spoorestpeople,areissuesoflifeanddeath.AtsessionsinKyoto,ShigaandOsaka,the3rdWorldWaterForumwill（2）a